[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":15423},["ShallowReactive",2],{"lesson:\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fclassification\u002Fsentiment-and-affect-lexicons":3,"course-wordcounts":9667,"ref-card-index":10579,"nav:natural-language-processing":15262,"tikz:1f720a28575e95462445d47dcfb4e130150072081ce721b0c3c9c5d807f0e94f":15411,"tikz:6942325621c8cb6f38e1b0b23ce2e633012dbd994c92549d3148534c8632a4ba":15412,"tikz:29ec63c449c2dc30c1ea58b561f029420b531ac6a11c37687cbe54fc7e6b9a72":15413,"tikz:d04aa96872a6ffffbd549a58577f5bcaa775dc74408ca2b4305d95a4bf4ad1a6":15414,"tikz:f48c6ae301f1647214ca9c3ef0a5efea39e940eb5b8c4c8d85d427cee95f3c8b":15415,"tikz:d5c0e8af02bc05f4ddd4b190e42e254a4acaa81b1c91a97c9368bc78f428c254":15416,"tikz:424819545437ece99bac6ed5b967b27a3ef362a76d75c21485b6793aaafa518f":15417,"tikz:eaa382fafcda49f685a2125e7c74906a80b8ce158b6dc868f2bced68f24d2779":15418,"tikz:670d1e1485c18408f81915ef4f80f9b635ec58b852e6b5d473787a6e25f7fe79":15419,"tikz:b97cd813cdbf9245eb0da5413543365eca8d516ce84cd153f45636c8801fac6c":15420,"tikz:7ffc51a982e2776c19690014b6ea6cbefba7025a43c2232317754d07e5159199":15421,"tikz:2c527fb56938c7293ee660b66095e3f765cf3e81636cab3c54cb60b024d1b2f8":15422},{"id":4,"title":5,"blurb":6,"body":7,"brief":9634,"category":9635,"description":9636,"draft":9637,"extension":9638,"meta":9639,"module":9642,"navigation":9643,"path":9644,"practice":9645,"rawbody":9646,"readingTime":9647,"seo":9652,"sources":9653,"status":9661,"stem":9662,"summary":9663,"topics":9664,"__hash__":9666},"course\u002F09.natural-language-processing\u002F02.classification\u002F04.sentiment-and-affect-lexicons.md","Sentiment and Affect Lexicons","",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":9616},"minimark",[10,47,70,75,90,101,105,124,144,161,164,175,179,198,347,365,372,375,394,397,412,415,419,443,457,460,530,534,566,569,619,624,1152,1314,1392,1754,1765,1768,1772,1833,1836,2100,2104,2131,2570,2577,2707,2859,2941,3663,3682,4318,4321,4950,5094,5097,5120,5124,5142,5145,5229,5775,5782,6591,7008,7469,7597,7600,7636,7639,7687,7691,7854,8745,8979,8983,9006,9033,9036,9071,9079,9083,9086,9124,9159,9166,9170,9177],[11,12,13,18,19,23,24,27,28,32,33,36,37],"p",{},[14,15,17],"a",{"href":16},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fclassification\u002Fnaive-bayes-and-sentiment","Naive Bayes","\nclassified a whole document by pooling every word it contained: the review is\npositive because the product of per-word likelihoods came out that way. That\nmodel has no notion of whether any single word ",[20,21,22],"em",{},"means"," something positive; it only\nlearns, from labeled documents, that ",[20,25,26],{},"delicious"," tends to co-occur with the\npositive class. This lesson zooms in one level, to the word itself. The claim is\nthat words carry ",[29,30,31],"strong",{},"affective meaning"," — a fixed emotional coloring, independent\nof the document they land in — and that we can write this meaning down in a\n",[29,34,35],{},"lexicon",": a list of words annotated with the sentiment or emotion each one\nevokes.",[38,39,40],"sup",{},[14,41,46],{"href":42,"ariaDescribedBy":43,"dataFootnoteRef":6,"id":45},"#user-content-fn-jm-intro",[44],"footnote-label","user-content-fnref-jm-intro","1",[11,48,49,50,53,54,57,58,61,62,65,66,69],{},"A sentiment lexicon is the smallest possible sentiment resource. Instead of\nusing every word as a feature, we keep only the words that carry a strong cue to\naffect, and we attach a label or a score to each. The word ",[20,51,52],{},"excellent"," is\npositive; ",[20,55,56],{},"horrible"," is negative; ",[20,59,60],{},"vacation"," scores high on pleasantness and\n",[20,63,64],{},"torture"," scores low. The rest of the lesson is about what those annotations\nshould be (which requires a theory of emotion), which lexicons already exist,\nand — the real work — the three ways to ",[20,67,68],{},"build"," one.",[71,72,74],"h2",{"id":73},"defining-emotion","Defining emotion",[11,76,77,78,81,82],{},"Before we can annotate a word with its emotion, we have to decide what the set\nof emotions ",[20,79,80],{},"is",". Computational models in NLP draw on two families of theories\nfrom affective science.",[38,83,84],{},[14,85,89],{"href":86,"ariaDescribedBy":87,"dataFootnoteRef":6,"id":88},"#user-content-fn-jm-emotion",[44],"user-content-fnref-jm-emotion","2",[11,91,92,93,96,97,100],{},"The first family treats emotions as ",[29,94,95],{},"basic emotions",": a small fixed set of\natomic units, present in all cultures, out of which everything else is built. The\nbest-known list is Ekman's six — ",[20,98,99],{},"surprise, happiness, anger, fear, disgust,\nsadness"," — proposed as universal. Plutchik's wheel is a richer variant: eight\nbasic emotions arranged in four opposing pairs (joy–sadness, anger–fear,\ntrust–disgust, anticipation–surprise), with blends filling the space between\nneighbors.",[102,103],"tikz-figure",{"hash":104},"1f720a28575e95462445d47dcfb4e130150072081ce721b0c3c9c5d807f0e94f",[11,106,107,108,111,112,115,116,119,120,123],{},"The second family treats emotion not as a set of atoms but as a ",[29,109,110],{},"point in a\ncontinuous space"," of two or three dimensions. Almost every dimensional model\nincludes ",[20,113,114],{},"valence"," and ",[20,117,118],{},"arousal",", and many add a third, ",[20,121,122],{},"dominance",":",[125,126,128],"callout",{"type":127},"definition",[11,129,130,133,134,137,138,140,141,143],{},[29,131,132],{},"Definition (Valence, arousal, dominance)."," Three axes for locating a word\nin affective space. ",[29,135,136],{},"Valence"," is the pleasantness of the stimulus (how good\nor bad it feels); ",[29,139,118],{}," is the intensity of emotion it provokes (calm\nversus excited); ",[29,142,122],{}," is the degree of control it exerts (submissive\nversus in-command).",[11,145,146,147,149,150,152,153,156,157,160],{},"Sentiment falls out of this second view as a special case: the ",[29,148,114],{}," axis,\nmeasuring how pleasant or unpleasant a word is, ",[20,151,80],{}," what we usually mean by\nsentiment. Positive versus negative is just the sign of valence. The\nvalence–arousal plane is the standard way to picture it: pleasant-and-calm\n(",[20,154,155],{},"serene",") sits apart from pleasant-and-intense (",[20,158,159],{},"ecstatic","), and the two\nnegative quadrants split the same way.",[102,162],{"hash":163},"6942325621c8cb6f38e1b0b23ce2e633012dbd994c92549d3148534c8632a4ba",[11,165,166,167,170,171,174],{},"The two families differ in resolution rather than substance. Basic-emotion\nlexicons give a word a discrete tag (this word is ",[20,168,169],{},"anger","); dimensional lexicons\ngive it real-valued coordinates. Both share a strong simplifying assumption: the\naffective meaning is ",[29,172,173],{},"fixed",", the same regardless of the sentence, dialect, or\nculture the word appears in. Richer appraisal-theory models — where an emotion\nis a process that weighs an event against a person's goals — drop that\nassumption, but the lexicons in this lesson keep it, and it is what makes them\nlookup tables.",[71,176,178],{"id":177},"the-lexicons-that-already-exist","The lexicons that already exist",[11,180,181,182,186,187,189,190],{},"A great many affect lexicons have been released; you rarely have to start from\nnothing. The simplest label words along a single dimension — call it ",[183,184,185],"q",{},"sentiment","\nor ",[183,188,114],{}," — as a binary split into a positive wordlist and a negative\nwordlist.",[38,191,192],{},[14,193,197],{"href":194,"ariaDescribedBy":195,"dataFootnoteRef":6,"id":196},"#user-content-fn-jm-lexicons",[44],"user-content-fnref-jm-lexicons","3",[199,200,201,217],"table",{},[202,203,204],"thead",{},[205,206,207,211,214],"tr",{},[208,209,210],"th",{},"Lexicon",[208,212,213],{},"What it records",[208,215,216],{},"Size",[218,219,220,232,243,254,314,325,336],"tbody",{},[205,221,222,226,229],{},[223,224,225],"td",{},"General Inquirer (1966)",[223,227,228],{},"positive \u002F negative wordlists (plus strong\u002Fweak, active\u002Fpassive, and more)",[223,230,231],{},"1915 pos, 2291 neg",[205,233,234,237,240],{},[223,235,236],{},"MPQA Subjectivity (2005)",[223,238,239],{},"pos \u002F neg, each tagged strongly- or weakly-subjective",[223,241,242],{},"2718 pos, 4912 neg",[205,244,245,248,251],{},[223,246,247],{},"Hu & Liu opinion lexicon (2004)",[223,249,250],{},"pos \u002F neg, bootstrapped from product reviews via WordNet",[223,252,253],{},"2006 pos, 4783 neg",[205,255,256,259,311],{},[223,257,258],{},"AFINN",[223,260,261,262,290,291,310],{},"integer valence from ",[263,264,267],"span",{"className":265},[266],"katex",[263,268,272],{"className":269,"ariaHidden":271},[270],"katex-html","true",[263,273,276,281,286],{"className":274},[275],"base",[263,277],{"className":278,"style":280},[279],"strut","height:0.7278em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;",[263,282,285],{"className":283},[284],"mord","−",[263,287,289],{"className":288},[284],"5"," to ",[263,292,294],{"className":293},[266],[263,295,297],{"className":296,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,298,300,303,307],{"className":299},[275],[263,301],{"className":302,"style":280},[279],[263,304,306],{"className":305},[284],"+",[263,308,289],{"className":309},[284]," per word",[223,312,313],{},"~2500",[205,315,316,319,322],{},[223,317,318],{},"NRC EmoLex (2013)",[223,320,321],{},"binary tags for Plutchik's 8 emotions + pos\u002Fneg",[223,323,324],{},"~14,000",[205,326,327,330,333],{},[223,328,329],{},"NRC VAD (2018)",[223,331,332],{},"real-valued valence, arousal, dominance",[223,334,335],{},"~20,000",[205,337,338,341,344],{},[223,339,340],{},"LIWC (2007)",[223,342,343],{},"73 word-category lists (emotion, anger, cognition, ...)",[223,345,346],{},"~2300",[11,348,349,350,353,354,357,358,361,362,364],{},"The oldest, the ",[29,351,352],{},"General Inquirer",", is just two hand-built wordlists; ",[29,355,356],{},"MPQA\nSubjectivity"," adds a strong\u002Fweak reliability tag, ",[29,359,360],{},"Bing Liu's"," was bootstrapped\nfrom product reviews, and ",[29,363,258],{}," attaches a small integer valence. All are\none-dimensional.",[11,366,367,368,371],{},"The richer lexicons go multi-dimensional. The ",[29,369,370],{},"NRC VAD"," lexicon scores 20,000\nwords on all three affective dimensions at once; a word is now a triple, not a\ntag.",[102,373],{"hash":374},"29ec63c449c2dc30c1ea58b561f029420b531ac6a11c37687cbe54fc7e6b9a72",[11,376,377,378,381,382,385,386,389,390,393],{},"The ",[29,379,380],{},"NRC Word-Emotion Association Lexicon",", or ",[29,383,384],{},"EmoLex",", takes the\nbasic-emotion route instead: for each of ~14,000 words it records a binary\n0\u002F1 for each of Plutchik's eight emotions plus positive\u002Fnegative. A word like\n",[20,387,388],{},"reward"," lights up anticipation, joy, surprise, trust, and positive; ",[20,391,392],{},"garbage","\nlights up disgust and negative.",[102,395],{"hash":396},"d04aa96872a6ffffbd549a58577f5bcaa775dc74408ca2b4305d95a4bf4ad1a6",[11,398,399,402,403,407,408,411],{},[29,400,401],{},"LIWC"," (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count) is different in kind: 73 curated\ncategory lists — negative-emotion, positive-emotion, anger, sadness, cognitive\nmechanisms, tentativeness, negation — built for social-psychology research\nrather than sentiment per se, but widely reused as features. Entries can be word\nprefixes (",[404,405,406],"code",{},"happy*"," matches ",[20,409,410],{},"happy, happiness, happily",").",[11,413,414],{},"For many tasks the right first move is to use one of these off the\nshelf. But when the genre is unusual (financial text, a historical corpus, a\nnew language) the pre-built lexicons miss, and you build your own. There are\nthree ways.",[71,416,418],{"id":417},"building-a-lexicon-1-human-labeling","Building a lexicon (1): human labeling",[11,420,421,422,425,426,434,435,442],{},"The oldest method, still standard, is to have humans label each word, now almost\nalways via ",[29,423,424],{},"crowdsourcing"," — split the job into tiny questions and farm them to\nmany annotators.",[38,427,428],{},[14,429,433],{"href":430,"ariaDescribedBy":431,"dataFootnoteRef":6,"id":432},"#user-content-fn-jm-human",[44],"user-content-fnref-jm-human","4"," The direct question — ",[183,436,437,438,441],{},"how positive is ",[20,439,440],{},"sublime",", on a scale of 1 to 9?"," — gives noisy answers: people\nuse the scale differently, anchor inconsistently, and struggle to be precise\nabout an absolute number.",[11,444,445,448,449,452,453,456],{},[29,446,447],{},"Best-worst scaling"," sidesteps this. Show an annotator four words at a time and\nask only for the two extremes — which is ",[20,450,451],{},"most"," positive and which is ",[20,454,455],{},"least",".\nRelative judgments among a few items are far more reliable than absolute ratings\non a long scale.",[102,458],{"hash":459},"f48c6ae301f1647214ca9c3ef0a5efea39e940eb5b8c4c8d85d427cee95f3c8b",[11,461,462,463,505,506,513,514,517,518,521,522,525,526,529],{},"Across many overlapping four-word tuples, a word's final score is the proportion\nof tuples in which it was chosen best minus the proportion in which it was chosen\nworst — a real number in ",[263,464,466],{"className":465},[266],[263,467,469],{"className":468,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,470,472,476,481,484,487,492,497,500],{"className":471},[275],[263,473],{"className":474,"style":475},[279],"height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;",[263,477,480],{"className":478},[479],"mopen","[",[263,482,285],{"className":483},[284],[263,485,46],{"className":486},[284],[263,488,491],{"className":489},[490],"mpunct",",",[263,493],{"className":494,"style":496},[495],"mspace","margin-right:0.1667em;",[263,498,46],{"className":499},[284],[263,501,504],{"className":502},[503],"mclose","]",". The NRC VAD lexicon was built by this\nprocedure, run once per dimension.",[38,507,508],{},[14,509,289],{"href":510,"ariaDescribedBy":511,"dataFootnoteRef":6,"id":512},"#user-content-fn-jm-bws",[44],"user-content-fnref-jm-bws"," EmoLex used a related\ntwo-step scheme: a priming multiple-choice question fixed the intended word sense\nfirst (",[20,515,516],{},"startle"," is closest to ",[20,519,520],{},"shake",", not ",[20,523,524],{},"automobile","), then annotators rated\nassociation with each of the eight emotions on a not\u002Fweak\u002Fmoderate\u002Fstrong scale,\ncollapsed to binary. Annotation quality is checked by ",[29,527,528],{},"split-half reliability",":\nsplit the annotators in two, and see whether the two halves' scores correlate.",[71,531,533],{"id":532},"building-a-lexicon-2-semi-supervised-induction","Building a lexicon (2): semi-supervised induction",[11,535,536,537,540,541,544,545,548,549,552,553,561,562,565],{},"Human labeling is accurate but expensive. ",[29,538,539],{},"Semi-supervised induction"," produces a\nlarge lexicon from a few dozen labeled words. Hand-pick a small set\nof ",[29,542,543],{},"seed words"," at each pole of the axis — ",[20,546,547],{},"good, excellent, love"," for positive;\n",[20,550,551],{},"bad, horrible, hate"," for negative — and then score every other word by how\nsimilar it is to the positive seeds and how dissimilar to the negative\nones.",[38,554,555],{},[14,556,560],{"href":557,"ariaDescribedBy":558,"dataFootnoteRef":6,"id":559},"#user-content-fn-jm-semisup",[44],"user-content-fnref-jm-semisup","6"," ",[183,563,564],{},"Similar"," is where the methods differ.",[11,567,568],{},"Seeds are chosen by hand, and the right seeds depend on genre. General sentiment,\nTwitter, and finance each need their own poles:",[199,570,571,584],{},[202,572,573],{},[205,574,575,578,581],{},[208,576,577],{},"Domain",[208,579,580],{},"Positive seeds",[208,582,583],{},"Negative seeds",[218,585,586,597,608],{},[205,587,588,591,594],{},[223,589,590],{},"General",[223,592,593],{},"good, lovely, excellent, perfect, happy",[223,595,596],{},"bad, horrible, poor, disgusting, unhappy",[205,598,599,602,605],{},[223,600,601],{},"Twitter",[223,603,604],{},"love, awesome, nice, amazing, best",[223,606,607],{},"hate, terrible, nasty, awful, worst",[205,609,610,613,616],{},[223,611,612],{},"Finance",[223,614,615],{},"profit, gains, beneficial, improving, success",[223,617,618],{},"loss, volatile, litigation, damages, failure",[620,621,623],"h3",{"id":622},"the-semantic-axis-method","The semantic-axis method",[11,625,626,627,631,632,635,636,919,920,1151],{},"The simplest similarity metric is ",[14,628,630],{"href":629},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fsemantics\u002Fvector-semantics-and-embeddings","embedding","\ncosine. Embed every word, then turn the seed sets into a single ",[29,633,634],{},"axis"," vector\npointing from negative to positive. Take the centroid (mean vector) of the\npositive-seed embeddings, ",[263,637,639],{"className":638},[266],[263,640,642,705],{"className":641,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,643,645,649,693,697,702],{"className":644},[275],[263,646],{"className":647,"style":648},[279],"height:0.7713em;",[263,650,652,658],{"className":651},[284],[263,653,657],{"className":654,"style":656},[284,655],"mathnormal","margin-right:0.2222em;","V",[263,659,662],{"className":660},[661],"msupsub",[263,663,666],{"className":664},[665],"vlist-t",[263,667,670],{"className":668},[669],"vlist-r",[263,671,674],{"className":672,"style":648},[673],"vlist",[263,675,677,682],{"style":676},"top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;",[263,678],{"className":679,"style":681},[680],"pstrut","height:2.7em;",[263,683,689],{"className":684},[685,686,687,688],"sizing","reset-size6","size3","mtight",[263,690,306],{"className":691},[692,688],"mbin",[263,694],{"className":695,"style":696},[495],"margin-right:0.2778em;",[263,698,701],{"className":699},[700],"mrel","=",[263,703],{"className":704,"style":696},[495],[263,706,708,712,794,797,846,849,854,858,915],{"className":707},[275],[263,709],{"className":710,"style":711},[279],"height:1.1901em;vertical-align:-0.345em;",[263,713,715,719,791],{"className":714},[284],[263,716],{"className":717},[479,718],"nulldelimiter",[263,720,723],{"className":721},[722],"mfrac",[263,724,727,782],{"className":725},[665,726],"vlist-t2",[263,728,730,777],{"className":729},[669],[263,731,734,751,762],{"className":732,"style":733},[673],"height:0.8451em;",[263,735,737,741],{"style":736},"top:-2.655em;",[263,738],{"className":739,"style":740},[680],"height:3em;",[263,742,744],{"className":743},[685,686,687,688],[263,745,747],{"className":746},[284,688],[263,748,750],{"className":749},[284,655,688],"n",[263,752,754,757],{"style":753},"top:-3.23em;",[263,755],{"className":756,"style":740},[680],[263,758],{"className":759,"style":761},[760],"frac-line","border-bottom-width:0.04em;",[263,763,765,768],{"style":764},"top:-3.394em;",[263,766],{"className":767,"style":740},[680],[263,769,771],{"className":770},[685,686,687,688],[263,772,774],{"className":773},[284,688],[263,775,46],{"className":776},[284,688],[263,778,781],{"className":779},[780],"vlist-s","​",[263,783,785],{"className":784},[669],[263,786,789],{"className":787,"style":788},[673],"height:0.345em;",[263,790],{},[263,792],{"className":793},[503,718],[263,795],{"className":796,"style":496},[495],[263,798,801,808],{"className":799},[800],"mop",[263,802,807],{"className":803,"style":806},[800,804,805],"op-symbol","small-op","position:relative;top:0em;","∑",[263,809,811],{"className":810},[661],[263,812,814,837],{"className":813},[665,726],[263,815,817,834],{"className":816},[669],[263,818,821],{"className":819,"style":820},[673],"height:0.162em;",[263,822,824,827],{"style":823},"top:-2.4003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;",[263,825],{"className":826,"style":681},[680],[263,828,830],{"className":829},[685,686,687,688],[263,831,833],{"className":832},[284,655,688],"i",[263,835,781],{"className":836},[780],[263,838,840],{"className":839},[669],[263,841,844],{"className":842,"style":843},[673],"height:0.2997em;",[263,845],{},[263,847],{"className":848,"style":496},[495],[263,850,853],{"className":851,"style":852},[284,655],"margin-right:0.0576em;","E",[263,855,857],{"className":856},[479],"(",[263,859,861,866],{"className":860},[284],[263,862,865],{"className":863,"style":864},[284,655],"margin-right:0.0269em;","w",[263,867,869],{"className":868},[661],[263,870,872,906],{"className":871},[665,726],[263,873,875,903],{"className":874},[669],[263,876,879,891],{"className":877,"style":878},[673],"height:0.8115em;",[263,880,882,885],{"style":881},"top:-2.4231em;margin-left:-0.0269em;margin-right:0.05em;",[263,883],{"className":884,"style":681},[680],[263,886,888],{"className":887},[685,686,687,688],[263,889,833],{"className":890},[284,655,688],[263,892,894,897],{"style":893},"top:-3.1031em;margin-right:0.05em;",[263,895],{"className":896,"style":681},[680],[263,898,900],{"className":899},[685,686,687,688],[263,901,306],{"className":902},[692,688],[263,904,781],{"className":905},[780],[263,907,909],{"className":908},[669],[263,910,913],{"className":911,"style":912},[673],"height:0.2769em;",[263,914],{},[263,916,918],{"className":917},[503],")",", and of the negative\nseeds, ",[263,921,923],{"className":922},[266],[263,924,926,970],{"className":925,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,927,929,932,961,964,967],{"className":928},[275],[263,930],{"className":931,"style":648},[279],[263,933,935,938],{"className":934},[284],[263,936,657],{"className":937,"style":656},[284,655],[263,939,941],{"className":940},[661],[263,942,944],{"className":943},[665],[263,945,947],{"className":946},[669],[263,948,950],{"className":949,"style":648},[673],[263,951,952,955],{"style":676},[263,953],{"className":954,"style":681},[680],[263,956,958],{"className":957},[685,686,687,688],[263,959,285],{"className":960},[692,688],[263,962],{"className":963,"style":696},[495],[263,965,701],{"className":966},[700],[263,968],{"className":969,"style":696},[495],[263,971,973,976,1045,1048,1088,1091,1094,1097,1148],{"className":972},[275],[263,974],{"className":975,"style":711},[279],[263,977,979,982,1042],{"className":978},[284],[263,980],{"className":981},[479,718],[263,983,985],{"className":984},[722],[263,986,988,1034],{"className":987},[665,726],[263,989,991,1031],{"className":990},[669],[263,992,994,1009,1017],{"className":993,"style":733},[673],[263,995,996,999],{"style":736},[263,997],{"className":998,"style":740},[680],[263,1000,1002],{"className":1001},[685,686,687,688],[263,1003,1005],{"className":1004},[284,688],[263,1006,1008],{"className":1007},[284,655,688],"m",[263,1010,1011,1014],{"style":753},[263,1012],{"className":1013,"style":740},[680],[263,1015],{"className":1016,"style":761},[760],[263,1018,1019,1022],{"style":764},[263,1020],{"className":1021,"style":740},[680],[263,1023,1025],{"className":1024},[685,686,687,688],[263,1026,1028],{"className":1027},[284,688],[263,1029,46],{"className":1030},[284,688],[263,1032,781],{"className":1033},[780],[263,1035,1037],{"className":1036},[669],[263,1038,1040],{"className":1039,"style":788},[673],[263,1041],{},[263,1043],{"className":1044},[503,718],[263,1046],{"className":1047,"style":496},[495],[263,1049,1051,1054],{"className":1050},[800],[263,1052,807],{"className":1053,"style":806},[800,804,805],[263,1055,1057],{"className":1056},[661],[263,1058,1060,1080],{"className":1059},[665,726],[263,1061,1063,1077],{"className":1062},[669],[263,1064,1066],{"className":1065,"style":820},[673],[263,1067,1068,1071],{"style":823},[263,1069],{"className":1070,"style":681},[680],[263,1072,1074],{"className":1073},[685,686,687,688],[263,1075,833],{"className":1076},[284,655,688],[263,1078,781],{"className":1079},[780],[263,1081,1083],{"className":1082},[669],[263,1084,1086],{"className":1085,"style":843},[673],[263,1087],{},[263,1089],{"className":1090,"style":496},[495],[263,1092,853],{"className":1093,"style":852},[284,655],[263,1095,857],{"className":1096},[479],[263,1098,1100,1103],{"className":1099},[284],[263,1101,865],{"className":1102,"style":864},[284,655],[263,1104,1106],{"className":1105},[661],[263,1107,1109,1140],{"className":1108},[665,726],[263,1110,1112,1137],{"className":1111},[669],[263,1113,1115,1126],{"className":1114,"style":878},[673],[263,1116,1117,1120],{"style":881},[263,1118],{"className":1119,"style":681},[680],[263,1121,1123],{"className":1122},[685,686,687,688],[263,1124,833],{"className":1125},[284,655,688],[263,1127,1128,1131],{"style":893},[263,1129],{"className":1130,"style":681},[680],[263,1132,1134],{"className":1133},[685,686,687,688],[263,1135,285],{"className":1136},[692,688],[263,1138,781],{"className":1139},[780],[263,1141,1143],{"className":1142},[669],[263,1144,1146],{"className":1145,"style":912},[673],[263,1147],{},[263,1149,918],{"className":1150},[503],", and subtract:",[263,1153,1156],{"className":1154},[1155],"katex-display",[263,1157,1159],{"className":1158},[266],[263,1160,1162,1228,1275],{"className":1161,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,1163,1165,1169,1219,1222,1225],{"className":1164},[275],[263,1166],{"className":1167,"style":1168},[279],"height:0.8333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;",[263,1170,1172,1175],{"className":1171},[284],[263,1173,657],{"className":1174,"style":656},[284,655],[263,1176,1178],{"className":1177},[661],[263,1179,1181,1210],{"className":1180},[665,726],[263,1182,1184,1207],{"className":1183},[669],[263,1185,1188],{"className":1186,"style":1187},[673],"height:0.3175em;",[263,1189,1191,1194],{"style":1190},"top:-2.55em;margin-left:-0.2222em;margin-right:0.05em;",[263,1192],{"className":1193,"style":681},[680],[263,1195,1197],{"className":1196},[685,686,687,688],[263,1198,1200],{"className":1199},[284,688],[263,1201,1204],{"className":1202},[284,1203,688],"text",[263,1205,634],{"className":1206},[284,688],[263,1208,781],{"className":1209},[780],[263,1211,1213],{"className":1212},[669],[263,1214,1217],{"className":1215,"style":1216},[673],"height:0.15em;",[263,1218],{},[263,1220],{"className":1221,"style":696},[495],[263,1223,701],{"className":1224},[700],[263,1226],{"className":1227,"style":696},[495],[263,1229,1231,1235,1266,1269,1272],{"className":1230},[275],[263,1232],{"className":1233,"style":1234},[279],"height:0.9047em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;",[263,1236,1238,1241],{"className":1237},[284],[263,1239,657],{"className":1240,"style":656},[284,655],[263,1242,1244],{"className":1243},[661],[263,1245,1247],{"className":1246},[665],[263,1248,1250],{"className":1249},[669],[263,1251,1254],{"className":1252,"style":1253},[673],"height:0.8213em;",[263,1255,1257,1260],{"style":1256},"top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;",[263,1258],{"className":1259,"style":681},[680],[263,1261,1263],{"className":1262},[685,686,687,688],[263,1264,306],{"className":1265},[692,688],[263,1267],{"className":1268,"style":656},[495],[263,1270,285],{"className":1271},[692],[263,1273],{"className":1274,"style":656},[495],[263,1276,1278,1281,1310],{"className":1277},[275],[263,1279],{"className":1280,"style":1253},[279],[263,1282,1284,1287],{"className":1283},[284],[263,1285,657],{"className":1286,"style":656},[284,655],[263,1288,1290],{"className":1289},[661],[263,1291,1293],{"className":1292},[665],[263,1294,1296],{"className":1295},[669],[263,1297,1299],{"className":1298,"style":1253},[673],[263,1300,1301,1304],{"style":1256},[263,1302],{"className":1303,"style":681},[680],[263,1305,1307],{"className":1306},[685,686,687,688],[263,1308,285],{"className":1309},[692,688],[263,1311,1313],{"className":1312},[284],".",[11,1315,1316,1374,1375,1391],{},[263,1317,1319],{"className":1318},[266],[263,1320,1322],{"className":1321,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,1323,1325,1328],{"className":1324},[275],[263,1326],{"className":1327,"style":1168},[279],[263,1329,1331,1334],{"className":1330},[284],[263,1332,657],{"className":1333,"style":656},[284,655],[263,1335,1337],{"className":1336},[661],[263,1338,1340,1366],{"className":1339},[665,726],[263,1341,1343,1363],{"className":1342},[669],[263,1344,1346],{"className":1345,"style":1187},[673],[263,1347,1348,1351],{"style":1190},[263,1349],{"className":1350,"style":681},[680],[263,1352,1354],{"className":1353},[685,686,687,688],[263,1355,1357],{"className":1356},[284,688],[263,1358,1360],{"className":1359},[284,1203,688],[263,1361,634],{"className":1362},[284,688],[263,1364,781],{"className":1365},[780],[263,1367,1369],{"className":1368},[669],[263,1370,1372],{"className":1371,"style":1216},[673],[263,1373],{}," points in the direction of increasing positivity. Score any word\n",[263,1376,1378],{"className":1377},[266],[263,1379,1381],{"className":1380,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,1382,1384,1388],{"className":1383},[275],[263,1385],{"className":1386,"style":1387},[279],"height:0.4306em;",[263,1389,865],{"className":1390,"style":864},[284,655]," by the cosine between its embedding and the axis:",[263,1393,1395],{"className":1394},[1155],[263,1396,1398],{"className":1397},[266],[263,1399,1401,1433,1544],{"className":1400,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,1402,1404,1407,1415,1418,1421,1424,1427,1430],{"className":1403},[275],[263,1405],{"className":1406,"style":475},[279],[263,1408,1410],{"className":1409},[800],[263,1411,1414],{"className":1412},[284,1413],"mathrm","score",[263,1416,857],{"className":1417},[479],[263,1419,865],{"className":1420,"style":864},[284,655],[263,1422,918],{"className":1423},[503],[263,1425],{"className":1426,"style":696},[495],[263,1428,701],{"className":1429},[700],[263,1431],{"className":1432,"style":696},[495],[263,1434,1436,1440,1447,1451,1454,1462,1465,1468,1471,1474,1477,1480,1483,1529,1535,1538,1541],{"className":1435},[275],[263,1437],{"className":1438,"style":1439},[279],"height:1.2em;vertical-align:-0.35em;",[263,1441,1443],{"className":1442},[800],[263,1444,1446],{"className":1445},[284,1413],"cos",[263,1448],{"className":1449,"style":1450},[495],"margin-right:-0.1667em;",[263,1452],{"className":1453,"style":496},[495],[263,1455,1457],{"className":1456},[284],[263,1458,857],{"className":1459},[1460,1461],"delimsizing","size1",[263,1463,853],{"className":1464,"style":852},[284,655],[263,1466,857],{"className":1467},[479],[263,1469,865],{"className":1470,"style":864},[284,655],[263,1472,918],{"className":1473},[503],[263,1475,491],{"className":1476},[490],[263,1478],{"className":1479,"style":496},[495],[263,1481],{"className":1482,"style":496},[495],[263,1484,1486,1489],{"className":1485},[284],[263,1487,657],{"className":1488,"style":656},[284,655],[263,1490,1492],{"className":1491},[661],[263,1493,1495,1521],{"className":1494},[665,726],[263,1496,1498,1518],{"className":1497},[669],[263,1499,1501],{"className":1500,"style":1187},[673],[263,1502,1503,1506],{"style":1190},[263,1504],{"className":1505,"style":681},[680],[263,1507,1509],{"className":1508},[685,686,687,688],[263,1510,1512],{"className":1511},[284,688],[263,1513,1515],{"className":1514},[284,1203,688],[263,1516,634],{"className":1517},[284,688],[263,1519,781],{"className":1520},[780],[263,1522,1524],{"className":1523},[669],[263,1525,1527],{"className":1526,"style":1216},[673],[263,1528],{},[263,1530,1532],{"className":1531},[284],[263,1533,918],{"className":1534},[1460,1461],[263,1536],{"className":1537,"style":696},[495],[263,1539,701],{"className":1540},[700],[263,1542],{"className":1543,"style":696},[495],[263,1545,1547,1551,1751],{"className":1546},[275],[263,1548],{"className":1549,"style":1550},[279],"height:2.363em;vertical-align:-0.936em;",[263,1552,1554,1557,1748],{"className":1553},[284],[263,1555],{"className":1556},[479,718],[263,1558,1560],{"className":1559},[722],[263,1561,1563,1739],{"className":1562},[665,726],[263,1564,1566,1736],{"className":1565},[669],[263,1567,1570,1651,1659],{"className":1568,"style":1569},[673],"height:1.427em;",[263,1571,1573,1576],{"style":1572},"top:-2.314em;",[263,1574],{"className":1575,"style":740},[680],[263,1577,1579,1583,1586,1589,1592,1596,1599,1602,1648],{"className":1578},[284],[263,1580,1582],{"className":1581},[479],"∥",[263,1584,853],{"className":1585,"style":852},[284,655],[263,1587,857],{"className":1588},[479],[263,1590,865],{"className":1591,"style":864},[284,655],[263,1593,1595],{"className":1594},[503],")∥",[263,1597],{"className":1598,"style":496},[495],[263,1600,1582],{"className":1601},[479],[263,1603,1605,1608],{"className":1604},[284],[263,1606,657],{"className":1607,"style":656},[284,655],[263,1609,1611],{"className":1610},[661],[263,1612,1614,1640],{"className":1613},[665,726],[263,1615,1617,1637],{"className":1616},[669],[263,1618,1620],{"className":1619,"style":1187},[673],[263,1621,1622,1625],{"style":1190},[263,1623],{"className":1624,"style":681},[680],[263,1626,1628],{"className":1627},[685,686,687,688],[263,1629,1631],{"className":1630},[284,688],[263,1632,1634],{"className":1633},[284,1203,688],[263,1635,634],{"className":1636},[284,688],[263,1638,781],{"className":1639},[780],[263,1641,1643],{"className":1642},[669],[263,1644,1646],{"className":1645,"style":1216},[673],[263,1647],{},[263,1649,1582],{"className":1650},[503],[263,1652,1653,1656],{"style":753},[263,1654],{"className":1655,"style":740},[680],[263,1657],{"className":1658,"style":761},[760],[263,1660,1662,1665],{"style":1661},"top:-3.677em;",[263,1663],{"className":1664,"style":740},[680],[263,1666,1668,1671,1674,1677,1680,1683,1687,1690],{"className":1667},[284],[263,1669,853],{"className":1670,"style":852},[284,655],[263,1672,857],{"className":1673},[479],[263,1675,865],{"className":1676,"style":864},[284,655],[263,1678,918],{"className":1679},[503],[263,1681],{"className":1682,"style":656},[495],[263,1684,1686],{"className":1685},[692],"⋅",[263,1688],{"className":1689,"style":656},[495],[263,1691,1693,1696],{"className":1692},[284],[263,1694,657],{"className":1695,"style":656},[284,655],[263,1697,1699],{"className":1698},[661],[263,1700,1702,1728],{"className":1701},[665,726],[263,1703,1705,1725],{"className":1704},[669],[263,1706,1708],{"className":1707,"style":1187},[673],[263,1709,1710,1713],{"style":1190},[263,1711],{"className":1712,"style":681},[680],[263,1714,1716],{"className":1715},[685,686,687,688],[263,1717,1719],{"className":1718},[284,688],[263,1720,1722],{"className":1721},[284,1203,688],[263,1723,634],{"className":1724},[284,688],[263,1726,781],{"className":1727},[780],[263,1729,1731],{"className":1730},[669],[263,1732,1734],{"className":1733,"style":1216},[673],[263,1735],{},[263,1737,781],{"className":1738},[780],[263,1740,1742],{"className":1741},[669],[263,1743,1746],{"className":1744,"style":1745},[673],"height:0.936em;",[263,1747],{},[263,1749],{"className":1750},[503,718],[263,1752,1313],{"className":1753},[284],[11,1755,1756,1757],{},"A word whose embedding aligns with the axis is positive; one pointing the other\nway is negative; one orthogonal is neutral.",[38,1758,1759],{},[14,1760,1764],{"href":1761,"ariaDescribedBy":1762,"dataFootnoteRef":6,"id":1763},"#user-content-fn-jm-axis",[44],"user-content-fnref-jm-axis","7",[102,1766],{"hash":1767},"d5c0e8af02bc05f4ddd4b190e42e254a4acaa81b1c91a97c9368bc78f428c254",[620,1769,1771],{"id":1770},"label-propagation-on-a-graph","Label propagation on a graph",[11,1773,1774,1775,1778,1779,1787,1788,1806,1807,1810,1811,115,1814,1817,1818,115,1821,1824,1825,1828,1829,1832],{},"An alternative, ",[29,1776,1777],{},"SentProp",", propagates polarity over a graph instead of\nprojecting onto an axis.",[38,1780,1781],{},[14,1782,1786],{"href":1783,"ariaDescribedBy":1784,"dataFootnoteRef":6,"id":1785},"#user-content-fn-jm-sentprop",[44],"user-content-fnref-jm-sentprop","8"," Build a lexical graph: each word is a node,\nconnected to its ",[263,1789,1791],{"className":1790},[266],[263,1792,1794],{"className":1793,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,1795,1797,1801],{"className":1796},[275],[263,1798],{"className":1799,"style":1800},[279],"height:0.6944em;",[263,1802,1805],{"className":1803,"style":1804},[284,655],"margin-right:0.0315em;","k"," nearest neighbors by cosine, edge weights set from the\nangle between embeddings. Drop the seed labels onto their nodes and run a\n",[29,1808,1809],{},"random walk"," from each pole: a word's positive score is proportional to how\noften a walk started from the positive seeds lands on it. Words tightly clustered\naround ",[20,1812,1813],{},"love",[20,1815,1816],{},"adore"," accumulate positive walks; those near ",[20,1819,1820],{},"hate",[20,1822,1823],{},"loathe","\naccumulate negative ones; and a word in between, like ",[20,1826,1827],{},"find"," or ",[20,1830,1831],{},"notice",", stays\nneutral because both walks reach it about equally.",[102,1834],{"hash":1835},"424819545437ece99bac6ed5b967b27a3ef362a76d75c21485b6793aaafa518f",[11,1837,1838,1839,2099],{},"Both raw scores (positive and negative walk frequencies) are combined into a\nsingle polarity, ",[263,1840,1842],{"className":1841},[266],[263,1843,1845,1902],{"className":1844,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,1846,1848,1852,1884,1887,1890,1893,1896,1899],{"className":1847},[275],[263,1849],{"className":1850,"style":1851},[279],"height:1.0213em;vertical-align:-0.25em;",[263,1853,1855,1861],{"className":1854},[800],[263,1856,1858],{"className":1857},[800],[263,1859,1414],{"className":1860},[284,1413],[263,1862,1864],{"className":1863},[661],[263,1865,1867],{"className":1866},[665],[263,1868,1870],{"className":1869},[669],[263,1871,1873],{"className":1872,"style":648},[673],[263,1874,1875,1878],{"style":676},[263,1876],{"className":1877,"style":681},[680],[263,1879,1881],{"className":1880},[685,686,687,688],[263,1882,306],{"className":1883},[692,688],[263,1885,857],{"className":1886},[479],[263,1888,865],{"className":1889,"style":864},[284,655],[263,1891,918],{"className":1892},[503],[263,1894],{"className":1895,"style":696},[495],[263,1897,701],{"className":1898},[700],[263,1900],{"className":1901,"style":696},[495],[263,1903,1905,1909],{"className":1904},[275],[263,1906],{"className":1907,"style":1908},[279],"height:1.5984em;vertical-align:-0.52em;",[263,1910,1912,1915,2096],{"className":1911},[284],[263,1913],{"className":1914},[479,718],[263,1916,1918],{"className":1917},[722],[263,1919,1921,2087],{"className":1920},[665,726],[263,1922,1924,2084],{"className":1923},[669],[263,1925,1928,2024,2032],{"className":1926,"style":1927},[673],"height:1.0784em;",[263,1929,1930,1933],{"style":736},[263,1931],{"className":1932,"style":740},[680],[263,1934,1936],{"className":1935},[685,686,687,688],[263,1937,1939,1974,1977,1980,1983,1986,2015,2018,2021],{"className":1938},[284,688],[263,1940,1942,1947],{"className":1941},[284,688],[263,1943,1946],{"className":1944,"style":1945},[284,655,688],"margin-right:0.0278em;","r",[263,1948,1950],{"className":1949},[661],[263,1951,1953],{"className":1952},[665],[263,1954,1956],{"className":1955},[669],[263,1957,1960],{"className":1958,"style":1959},[673],"height:0.7027em;",[263,1961,1963,1967],{"style":1962},"top:-2.786em;margin-right:0.0714em;",[263,1964],{"className":1965,"style":1966},[680],"height:2.5em;",[263,1968,1971],{"className":1969},[685,1970,1461,688],"reset-size3",[263,1972,306],{"className":1973},[692,688],[263,1975,857],{"className":1976},[479,688],[263,1978,865],{"className":1979,"style":864},[284,655,688],[263,1981,918],{"className":1982},[503,688],[263,1984,306],{"className":1985},[692,688],[263,1987,1989,1992],{"className":1988},[284,688],[263,1990,1946],{"className":1991,"style":1945},[284,655,688],[263,1993,1995],{"className":1994},[661],[263,1996,1998],{"className":1997},[665],[263,1999,2001],{"className":2000},[669],[263,2002,2004],{"className":2003,"style":1959},[673],[263,2005,2006,2009],{"style":1962},[263,2007],{"className":2008,"style":1966},[680],[263,2010,2012],{"className":2011},[685,1970,1461,688],[263,2013,285],{"className":2014},[692,688],[263,2016,857],{"className":2017},[479,688],[263,2019,865],{"className":2020,"style":864},[284,655,688],[263,2022,918],{"className":2023},[503,688],[263,2025,2026,2029],{"style":753},[263,2027],{"className":2028,"style":740},[680],[263,2030],{"className":2031,"style":761},[760],[263,2033,2035,2038],{"style":2034},"top:-3.485em;",[263,2036],{"className":2037,"style":740},[680],[263,2039,2041],{"className":2040},[685,686,687,688],[263,2042,2044,2075,2078,2081],{"className":2043},[284,688],[263,2045,2047,2050],{"className":2046},[284,688],[263,2048,1946],{"className":2049,"style":1945},[284,655,688],[263,2051,2053],{"className":2052},[661],[263,2054,2056],{"className":2055},[665],[263,2057,2059],{"className":2058},[669],[263,2060,2063],{"className":2061,"style":2062},[673],"height:0.8477em;",[263,2064,2066,2069],{"style":2065},"top:-2.931em;margin-right:0.0714em;",[263,2067],{"className":2068,"style":1966},[680],[263,2070,2072],{"className":2071},[685,1970,1461,688],[263,2073,306],{"className":2074},[692,688],[263,2076,857],{"className":2077},[479,688],[263,2079,865],{"className":2080,"style":864},[284,655,688],[263,2082,918],{"className":2083},[503,688],[263,2085,781],{"className":2086},[780],[263,2088,2090],{"className":2089},[669],[263,2091,2094],{"className":2092,"style":2093},[673],"height:0.52em;",[263,2095],{},[263,2097],{"className":2098},[503,718],", and\nconfidence is estimated by re-running on random subsets of the seeds (bootstrap):\na word whose score wobbles as the seeds change is one to trust less.",[620,2101,2103],{"id":2102},"pmi-from-co-occurrence-turneys-so-pmi","PMI from co-occurrence: Turney's SO-PMI",[11,2105,2106,2107,2110,2111,115,2113,2116,2117,2119,2120,1313,2122,2130],{},"The seed idea predates embeddings. Turney's ",[29,2108,2109],{},"SO-PMI"," (semantic orientation from\npointwise mutual information) needs only a search engine and two seed words:\n",[20,2112,52],{},[20,2114,2115],{},"poor",". A word is positive to the degree it co-occurs with\n",[20,2118,52],{}," more than with ",[20,2121,2115],{},[38,2123,2124],{},[14,2125,2129],{"href":2126,"ariaDescribedBy":2127,"dataFootnoteRef":6,"id":2128},"#user-content-fn-jm-pmi",[44],"user-content-fnref-jm-pmi","9"," Pointwise mutual information measures\nthat association,",[263,2132,2134],{"className":2133},[1155],[263,2135,2137],{"className":2136},[266],[263,2138,2140,2256],{"className":2139,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,2141,2143,2146,2153,2156,2198,2201,2204,2244,2247,2250,2253],{"className":2142},[275],[263,2144],{"className":2145,"style":475},[279],[263,2147,2149],{"className":2148},[800],[263,2150,2152],{"className":2151},[284,1413],"PMI",[263,2154,857],{"className":2155},[479],[263,2157,2159,2162],{"className":2158},[284],[263,2160,865],{"className":2161,"style":864},[284,655],[263,2163,2165],{"className":2164},[661],[263,2166,2168,2190],{"className":2167},[665,726],[263,2169,2171,2187],{"className":2170},[669],[263,2172,2175],{"className":2173,"style":2174},[673],"height:0.3011em;",[263,2176,2178,2181],{"style":2177},"top:-2.55em;margin-left:-0.0269em;margin-right:0.05em;",[263,2179],{"className":2180,"style":681},[680],[263,2182,2184],{"className":2183},[685,686,687,688],[263,2185,46],{"className":2186},[284,688],[263,2188,781],{"className":2189},[780],[263,2191,2193],{"className":2192},[669],[263,2194,2196],{"className":2195,"style":1216},[673],[263,2197],{},[263,2199,491],{"className":2200},[490],[263,2202],{"className":2203,"style":496},[495],[263,2205,2207,2210],{"className":2206},[284],[263,2208,865],{"className":2209,"style":864},[284,655],[263,2211,2213],{"className":2212},[661],[263,2214,2216,2236],{"className":2215},[665,726],[263,2217,2219,2233],{"className":2218},[669],[263,2220,2222],{"className":2221,"style":2174},[673],[263,2223,2224,2227],{"style":2177},[263,2225],{"className":2226,"style":681},[680],[263,2228,2230],{"className":2229},[685,686,687,688],[263,2231,89],{"className":2232},[284,688],[263,2234,781],{"className":2235},[780],[263,2237,2239],{"className":2238},[669],[263,2240,2242],{"className":2241,"style":1216},[673],[263,2243],{},[263,2245,918],{"className":2246},[503],[263,2248],{"className":2249,"style":696},[495],[263,2251,701],{"className":2252},[700],[263,2254],{"className":2255,"style":696},[495],[263,2257,2259,2262,2310,2313,2567],{"className":2258},[275],[263,2260],{"className":2261,"style":1550},[279],[263,2263,2265,2273],{"className":2264},[800],[263,2266,2268],{"className":2267},[800],[263,2269,2272],{"className":2270,"style":2271},[284,1413],"margin-right:0.0139em;","log",[263,2274,2276],{"className":2275},[661],[263,2277,2279,2301],{"className":2278},[665,726],[263,2280,2282,2298],{"className":2281},[669],[263,2283,2286],{"className":2284,"style":2285},[673],"height:0.207em;",[263,2287,2289,2292],{"style":2288},"top:-2.4559em;margin-right:0.05em;",[263,2290],{"className":2291,"style":681},[680],[263,2293,2295],{"className":2294},[685,686,687,688],[263,2296,89],{"className":2297},[284,688],[263,2299,781],{"className":2300},[780],[263,2302,2304],{"className":2303},[669],[263,2305,2308],{"className":2306,"style":2307},[673],"height:0.2441em;",[263,2309],{},[263,2311],{"className":2312,"style":496},[495],[263,2314,2316,2319,2564],{"className":2315},[284],[263,2317],{"className":2318},[479,718],[263,2320,2322],{"className":2321},[722],[263,2323,2325,2556],{"className":2324},[665,726],[263,2326,2328,2553],{"className":2327},[669],[263,2329,2331,2442,2450],{"className":2330,"style":1569},[673],[263,2332,2333,2336],{"style":1572},[263,2334],{"className":2335,"style":740},[680],[263,2337,2339,2344,2347,2387,2390,2393,2396,2399,2439],{"className":2338},[284],[263,2340,2343],{"className":2341,"style":2342},[284,655],"margin-right:0.1389em;","P",[263,2345,857],{"className":2346},[479],[263,2348,2350,2353],{"className":2349},[284],[263,2351,865],{"className":2352,"style":864},[284,655],[263,2354,2356],{"className":2355},[661],[263,2357,2359,2379],{"className":2358},[665,726],[263,2360,2362,2376],{"className":2361},[669],[263,2363,2365],{"className":2364,"style":2174},[673],[263,2366,2367,2370],{"style":2177},[263,2368],{"className":2369,"style":681},[680],[263,2371,2373],{"className":2372},[685,686,687,688],[263,2374,46],{"className":2375},[284,688],[263,2377,781],{"className":2378},[780],[263,2380,2382],{"className":2381},[669],[263,2383,2385],{"className":2384,"style":1216},[673],[263,2386],{},[263,2388,918],{"className":2389},[503],[263,2391],{"className":2392,"style":496},[495],[263,2394,2343],{"className":2395,"style":2342},[284,655],[263,2397,857],{"className":2398},[479],[263,2400,2402,2405],{"className":2401},[284],[263,2403,865],{"className":2404,"style":864},[284,655],[263,2406,2408],{"className":2407},[661],[263,2409,2411,2431],{"className":2410},[665,726],[263,2412,2414,2428],{"className":2413},[669],[263,2415,2417],{"className":2416,"style":2174},[673],[263,2418,2419,2422],{"style":2177},[263,2420],{"className":2421,"style":681},[680],[263,2423,2425],{"className":2424},[685,686,687,688],[263,2426,89],{"className":2427},[284,688],[263,2429,781],{"className":2430},[780],[263,2432,2434],{"className":2433},[669],[263,2435,2437],{"className":2436,"style":1216},[673],[263,2438],{},[263,2440,918],{"className":2441},[503],[263,2443,2444,2447],{"style":753},[263,2445],{"className":2446,"style":740},[680],[263,2448],{"className":2449,"style":761},[760],[263,2451,2452,2455],{"style":1661},[263,2453],{"className":2454,"style":740},[680],[263,2456,2458,2461,2464,2504,2507,2510,2550],{"className":2457},[284],[263,2459,2343],{"className":2460,"style":2342},[284,655],[263,2462,857],{"className":2463},[479],[263,2465,2467,2470],{"className":2466},[284],[263,2468,865],{"className":2469,"style":864},[284,655],[263,2471,2473],{"className":2472},[661],[263,2474,2476,2496],{"className":2475},[665,726],[263,2477,2479,2493],{"className":2478},[669],[263,2480,2482],{"className":2481,"style":2174},[673],[263,2483,2484,2487],{"style":2177},[263,2485],{"className":2486,"style":681},[680],[263,2488,2490],{"className":2489},[685,686,687,688],[263,2491,46],{"className":2492},[284,688],[263,2494,781],{"className":2495},[780],[263,2497,2499],{"className":2498},[669],[263,2500,2502],{"className":2501,"style":1216},[673],[263,2503],{},[263,2505,491],{"className":2506},[490],[263,2508],{"className":2509,"style":496},[495],[263,2511,2513,2516],{"className":2512},[284],[263,2514,865],{"className":2515,"style":864},[284,655],[263,2517,2519],{"className":2518},[661],[263,2520,2522,2542],{"className":2521},[665,726],[263,2523,2525,2539],{"className":2524},[669],[263,2526,2528],{"className":2527,"style":2174},[673],[263,2529,2530,2533],{"style":2177},[263,2531],{"className":2532,"style":681},[680],[263,2534,2536],{"className":2535},[685,686,687,688],[263,2537,89],{"className":2538},[284,688],[263,2540,781],{"className":2541},[780],[263,2543,2545],{"className":2544},[669],[263,2546,2548],{"className":2547,"style":1216},[673],[263,2549],{},[263,2551,918],{"className":2552},[503],[263,2554,781],{"className":2555},[780],[263,2557,2559],{"className":2558},[669],[263,2560,2562],{"className":2561,"style":1745},[673],[263,2563],{},[263,2565],{"className":2566},[503,718],[263,2568,491],{"className":2569},[490],[11,2571,2572,2573,2576],{},"and the ",[29,2574,2575],{},"semantic orientation"," of a phrase is its PMI with the positive seed\nminus its PMI with the negative seed:",[263,2578,2580],{"className":2579},[1155],[263,2581,2583],{"className":2582},[266],[263,2584,2586,2627,2670],{"className":2585,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,2587,2589,2592,2609,2612,2615,2618,2621,2624],{"className":2588},[275],[263,2590],{"className":2591,"style":475},[279],[263,2593,2595,2599,2606],{"className":2594},[800],[263,2596,2598],{"className":2597},[284,1413],"SO",[263,2600,2602],{"className":2601},[284,1203],[263,2603,2605],{"className":2604},[284],"-",[263,2607,2152],{"className":2608},[284,1413],[263,2610,857],{"className":2611},[479],[263,2613,865],{"className":2614,"style":864},[284,655],[263,2616,918],{"className":2617},[503],[263,2619],{"className":2620,"style":696},[495],[263,2622,701],{"className":2623},[700],[263,2625],{"className":2626,"style":696},[495],[263,2628,2630,2633,2639,2642,2645,2648,2651,2658,2661,2664,2667],{"className":2629},[275],[263,2631],{"className":2632,"style":475},[279],[263,2634,2636],{"className":2635},[800],[263,2637,2152],{"className":2638},[284,1413],[263,2640,857],{"className":2641},[479],[263,2643,865],{"className":2644,"style":864},[284,655],[263,2646,491],{"className":2647},[490],[263,2649],{"className":2650,"style":496},[495],[263,2652,2654],{"className":2653},[284,1203],[263,2655,2657],{"className":2656},[284],"“excellent”",[263,2659,918],{"className":2660},[503],[263,2662],{"className":2663,"style":656},[495],[263,2665,285],{"className":2666},[692],[263,2668],{"className":2669,"style":656},[495],[263,2671,2673,2676,2682,2685,2688,2691,2694,2701,2704],{"className":2672},[275],[263,2674],{"className":2675,"style":475},[279],[263,2677,2679],{"className":2678},[800],[263,2680,2152],{"className":2681},[284,1413],[263,2683,857],{"className":2684},[479],[263,2686,865],{"className":2687,"style":864},[284,655],[263,2689,491],{"className":2690},[490],[263,2692],{"className":2693,"style":496},[495],[263,2695,2697],{"className":2696},[284,1203],[263,2698,2700],{"className":2699},[284],"“poor”",[263,2702,918],{"className":2703},[503],[263,2705,1313],{"className":2706},[284],[11,2708,2709,2710,2817,2818,2842,2843,2858],{},"Estimate each probability from hit counts: ",[263,2711,2713],{"className":2712},[266],[263,2714,2716],{"className":2715,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,2717,2719,2722,2725,2728,2768,2771,2774,2814],{"className":2718},[275],[263,2720],{"className":2721,"style":475},[279],[263,2723,2343],{"className":2724,"style":2342},[284,655],[263,2726,857],{"className":2727},[479],[263,2729,2731,2734],{"className":2730},[284],[263,2732,865],{"className":2733,"style":864},[284,655],[263,2735,2737],{"className":2736},[661],[263,2738,2740,2760],{"className":2739},[665,726],[263,2741,2743,2757],{"className":2742},[669],[263,2744,2746],{"className":2745,"style":2174},[673],[263,2747,2748,2751],{"style":2177},[263,2749],{"className":2750,"style":681},[680],[263,2752,2754],{"className":2753},[685,686,687,688],[263,2755,46],{"className":2756},[284,688],[263,2758,781],{"className":2759},[780],[263,2761,2763],{"className":2762},[669],[263,2764,2766],{"className":2765,"style":1216},[673],[263,2767],{},[263,2769,491],{"className":2770},[490],[263,2772],{"className":2773,"style":496},[495],[263,2775,2777,2780],{"className":2776},[284],[263,2778,865],{"className":2779,"style":864},[284,655],[263,2781,2783],{"className":2782},[661],[263,2784,2786,2806],{"className":2785},[665,726],[263,2787,2789,2803],{"className":2788},[669],[263,2790,2792],{"className":2791,"style":2174},[673],[263,2793,2794,2797],{"style":2177},[263,2795],{"className":2796,"style":681},[680],[263,2798,2800],{"className":2799},[685,686,687,688],[263,2801,89],{"className":2802},[284,688],[263,2804,781],{"className":2805},[780],[263,2807,2809],{"className":2808},[669],[263,2810,2812],{"className":2811,"style":1216},[673],[263,2813],{},[263,2815,918],{"className":2816},[503]," from how often the two\nappear near each other, ",[263,2819,2821],{"className":2820},[266],[263,2822,2824],{"className":2823,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,2825,2827,2830,2833,2836,2839],{"className":2826},[275],[263,2828],{"className":2829,"style":475},[279],[263,2831,2343],{"className":2832,"style":2342},[284,655],[263,2834,857],{"className":2835},[479],[263,2837,865],{"className":2838,"style":864},[284,655],[263,2840,918],{"className":2841},[503]," from how often ",[263,2844,2846],{"className":2845},[266],[263,2847,2849],{"className":2848,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,2850,2852,2855],{"className":2851},[275],[263,2853],{"className":2854,"style":1387},[279],[263,2856,865],{"className":2857,"style":864},[284,655]," appears at all. Positive SO\nmeans positive sentiment.",[11,2860,2861,2862,2865,2866,2936,2937,2940],{},"For a worked example: Turney estimated the counts by issuing queries to a web\nsearch engine and reading off the number of returned pages, using the ",[404,2863,2864],{},"NEAR","\noperator for co-occurrence. Suppose a corpus (or index) of ",[263,2867,2869],{"className":2868},[266],[263,2870,2872,2893],{"className":2871,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,2873,2875,2879,2884,2887,2890],{"className":2874},[275],[263,2876],{"className":2877,"style":2878},[279],"height:0.6833em;",[263,2880,2883],{"className":2881,"style":2882},[284,655],"margin-right:0.109em;","N",[263,2885],{"className":2886,"style":696},[495],[263,2888,701],{"className":2889},[700],[263,2891],{"className":2892,"style":696},[495],[263,2894,2896,2900,2903],{"className":2895},[275],[263,2897],{"className":2898,"style":2899},[279],"height:0.8141em;",[263,2901,46],{"className":2902},[284],[263,2904,2906,2910],{"className":2905},[284],[263,2907,2909],{"className":2908},[284],"0",[263,2911,2913],{"className":2912},[661],[263,2914,2916],{"className":2915},[665],[263,2917,2919],{"className":2918},[669],[263,2920,2922],{"className":2921,"style":2899},[673],[263,2923,2924,2927],{"style":676},[263,2925],{"className":2926,"style":681},[680],[263,2928,2930],{"className":2929},[685,686,687,688],[263,2931,2933],{"className":2932},[284,688],[263,2934,2129],{"className":2935},[284,688]," documents,\nand for the target word ",[20,2938,2939],{},"romantic"," these hit counts:",[199,2942,2943,2956],{},[202,2944,2945],{},[205,2946,2947,2950,2953],{},[208,2948,2949],{},"Query",[208,2951,2952],{},"Hits",[208,2954,2955],{},"Interpretation",[218,2957,2958,3102,3243,3384,3524],{},[205,2959,2960,2964,3001],{},[223,2961,2962],{},[404,2963,2939],{},[223,2965,2966],{},[263,2967,2969],{"className":2968},[266],[263,2970,2972],{"className":2971,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,2973,2975,2979,2982,2988,2992,2998],{"className":2974},[275],[263,2976],{"className":2977,"style":2978},[279],"height:0.8389em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;",[263,2980,89],{"className":2981},[284],[263,2983,2985],{"className":2984},[284],[263,2986,491],{"className":2987},[490],[263,2989,2991],{"className":2990},[284],"000",[263,2993,2995],{"className":2994},[284],[263,2996,491],{"className":2997},[490],[263,2999,2991],{"className":3000},[284],[223,3002,3003],{},[263,3004,3006],{"className":3005},[266],[263,3007,3009,3039,3058],{"className":3008,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,3010,3012,3015,3018,3021,3027,3030,3033,3036],{"className":3011},[275],[263,3013],{"className":3014,"style":475},[279],[263,3016,2343],{"className":3017,"style":2342},[284,655],[263,3019,857],{"className":3020},[479],[263,3022,3024],{"className":3023},[284,1203],[263,3025,2939],{"className":3026},[284],[263,3028,918],{"className":3029},[503],[263,3031],{"className":3032,"style":696},[495],[263,3034,701],{"className":3035},[700],[263,3037],{"className":3038,"style":696},[495],[263,3040,3042,3045,3048,3051,3055],{"className":3041},[275],[263,3043],{"className":3044,"style":280},[279],[263,3046,89],{"className":3047},[284],[263,3049],{"className":3050,"style":656},[495],[263,3052,3054],{"className":3053},[692],"×",[263,3056],{"className":3057,"style":656},[495],[263,3059,3061,3064,3067],{"className":3060},[275],[263,3062],{"className":3063,"style":2899},[279],[263,3065,46],{"className":3066},[284],[263,3068,3070,3073],{"className":3069},[284],[263,3071,2909],{"className":3072},[284],[263,3074,3076],{"className":3075},[661],[263,3077,3079],{"className":3078},[665],[263,3080,3082],{"className":3081},[669],[263,3083,3085],{"className":3084,"style":2899},[673],[263,3086,3087,3090],{"style":676},[263,3088],{"className":3089,"style":681},[680],[263,3091,3093],{"className":3092},[685,686,687,688],[263,3094,3096,3099],{"className":3095},[284,688],[263,3097,285],{"className":3098},[284,688],[263,3100,197],{"className":3101},[284,688],[205,3103,3104,3108,3143],{},[223,3105,3106],{},[404,3107,52],{},[223,3109,3110],{},[263,3111,3113],{"className":3112},[266],[263,3114,3116],{"className":3115,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,3117,3119,3122,3125,3131,3134,3140],{"className":3118},[275],[263,3120],{"className":3121,"style":2978},[279],[263,3123,1786],{"className":3124},[284],[263,3126,3128],{"className":3127},[284],[263,3129,491],{"className":3130},[490],[263,3132,2991],{"className":3133},[284],[263,3135,3137],{"className":3136},[284],[263,3138,491],{"className":3139},[490],[263,3141,2991],{"className":3142},[284],[223,3144,3145],{},[263,3146,3148],{"className":3147},[266],[263,3149,3151,3181,3199],{"className":3150,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,3152,3154,3157,3160,3163,3169,3172,3175,3178],{"className":3153},[275],[263,3155],{"className":3156,"style":475},[279],[263,3158,2343],{"className":3159,"style":2342},[284,655],[263,3161,857],{"className":3162},[479],[263,3164,3166],{"className":3165},[284,1203],[263,3167,52],{"className":3168},[284],[263,3170,918],{"className":3171},[503],[263,3173],{"className":3174,"style":696},[495],[263,3176,701],{"className":3177},[700],[263,3179],{"className":3180,"style":696},[495],[263,3182,3184,3187,3190,3193,3196],{"className":3183},[275],[263,3185],{"className":3186,"style":280},[279],[263,3188,1786],{"className":3189},[284],[263,3191],{"className":3192,"style":656},[495],[263,3194,3054],{"className":3195},[692],[263,3197],{"className":3198,"style":656},[495],[263,3200,3202,3205,3208],{"className":3201},[275],[263,3203],{"className":3204,"style":2899},[279],[263,3206,46],{"className":3207},[284],[263,3209,3211,3214],{"className":3210},[284],[263,3212,2909],{"className":3213},[284],[263,3215,3217],{"className":3216},[661],[263,3218,3220],{"className":3219},[665],[263,3221,3223],{"className":3222},[669],[263,3224,3226],{"className":3225,"style":2899},[673],[263,3227,3228,3231],{"style":676},[263,3229],{"className":3230,"style":681},[680],[263,3232,3234],{"className":3233},[685,686,687,688],[263,3235,3237,3240],{"className":3236},[284,688],[263,3238,285],{"className":3239},[284,688],[263,3241,197],{"className":3242},[284,688],[205,3244,3245,3249,3284],{},[223,3246,3247],{},[404,3248,2115],{},[223,3250,3251],{},[263,3252,3254],{"className":3253},[266],[263,3255,3257],{"className":3256,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,3258,3260,3263,3266,3272,3275,3281],{"className":3259},[275],[263,3261],{"className":3262,"style":2978},[279],[263,3264,560],{"className":3265},[284],[263,3267,3269],{"className":3268},[284],[263,3270,491],{"className":3271},[490],[263,3273,2991],{"className":3274},[284],[263,3276,3278],{"className":3277},[284],[263,3279,491],{"className":3280},[490],[263,3282,2991],{"className":3283},[284],[223,3285,3286],{},[263,3287,3289],{"className":3288},[266],[263,3290,3292,3322,3340],{"className":3291,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,3293,3295,3298,3301,3304,3310,3313,3316,3319],{"className":3294},[275],[263,3296],{"className":3297,"style":475},[279],[263,3299,2343],{"className":3300,"style":2342},[284,655],[263,3302,857],{"className":3303},[479],[263,3305,3307],{"className":3306},[284,1203],[263,3308,2115],{"className":3309},[284],[263,3311,918],{"className":3312},[503],[263,3314],{"className":3315,"style":696},[495],[263,3317,701],{"className":3318},[700],[263,3320],{"className":3321,"style":696},[495],[263,3323,3325,3328,3331,3334,3337],{"className":3324},[275],[263,3326],{"className":3327,"style":280},[279],[263,3329,560],{"className":3330},[284],[263,3332],{"className":3333,"style":656},[495],[263,3335,3054],{"className":3336},[692],[263,3338],{"className":3339,"style":656},[495],[263,3341,3343,3346,3349],{"className":3342},[275],[263,3344],{"className":3345,"style":2899},[279],[263,3347,46],{"className":3348},[284],[263,3350,3352,3355],{"className":3351},[284],[263,3353,2909],{"className":3354},[284],[263,3356,3358],{"className":3357},[661],[263,3359,3361],{"className":3360},[665],[263,3362,3364],{"className":3363},[669],[263,3365,3367],{"className":3366,"style":2899},[673],[263,3368,3369,3372],{"style":676},[263,3370],{"className":3371,"style":681},[680],[263,3373,3375],{"className":3374},[685,686,687,688],[263,3376,3378,3381],{"className":3377},[284,688],[263,3379,285],{"className":3380},[284,688],[263,3382,197],{"className":3383},[284,688],[205,3385,3386,3391,3418],{},[223,3387,3388],{},[404,3389,3390],{},"romantic NEAR excellent",[223,3392,3393],{},[263,3394,3396],{"className":3395},[266],[263,3397,3399],{"className":3398,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,3400,3402,3405,3409,3415],{"className":3401},[275],[263,3403],{"className":3404,"style":2978},[279],[263,3406,3408],{"className":3407},[284],"60",[263,3410,3412],{"className":3411},[284],[263,3413,491],{"className":3414},[490],[263,3416,2991],{"className":3417},[284],[223,3419,3420],{},[263,3421,3423],{"className":3422},[266],[263,3424,3426,3462,3480],{"className":3425,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,3427,3429,3432,3435,3438,3441,3444,3447,3450,3453,3456,3459],{"className":3428},[275],[263,3430],{"className":3431,"style":475},[279],[263,3433,2343],{"className":3434,"style":2342},[284,655],[263,3436,857],{"className":3437},[479],[263,3439,1686],{"className":3440},[284],[263,3442,491],{"className":3443},[490],[263,3445],{"className":3446,"style":496},[495],[263,3448,1686],{"className":3449},[284],[263,3451,918],{"className":3452},[503],[263,3454],{"className":3455,"style":696},[495],[263,3457,701],{"className":3458},[700],[263,3460],{"className":3461,"style":696},[495],[263,3463,3465,3468,3471,3474,3477],{"className":3464},[275],[263,3466],{"className":3467,"style":280},[279],[263,3469,560],{"className":3470},[284],[263,3472],{"className":3473,"style":656},[495],[263,3475,3054],{"className":3476},[692],[263,3478],{"className":3479,"style":656},[495],[263,3481,3483,3486,3489],{"className":3482},[275],[263,3484],{"className":3485,"style":2899},[279],[263,3487,46],{"className":3488},[284],[263,3490,3492,3495],{"className":3491},[284],[263,3493,2909],{"className":3494},[284],[263,3496,3498],{"className":3497},[661],[263,3499,3501],{"className":3500},[665],[263,3502,3504],{"className":3503},[669],[263,3505,3507],{"className":3506,"style":2899},[673],[263,3508,3509,3512],{"style":676},[263,3510],{"className":3511,"style":681},[680],[263,3513,3515],{"className":3514},[685,686,687,688],[263,3516,3518,3521],{"className":3517},[284,688],[263,3519,285],{"className":3520},[284,688],[263,3522,289],{"className":3523},[284,688],[205,3525,3526,3531,3557],{},[223,3527,3528],{},[404,3529,3530],{},"romantic NEAR poor",[223,3532,3533],{},[263,3534,3536],{"className":3535},[266],[263,3537,3539],{"className":3538,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,3540,3542,3545,3548,3554],{"className":3541},[275],[263,3543],{"className":3544,"style":2978},[279],[263,3546,2129],{"className":3547},[284],[263,3549,3551],{"className":3550},[284],[263,3552,491],{"className":3553},[490],[263,3555,2991],{"className":3556},[284],[223,3558,3559],{},[263,3560,3562],{"className":3561},[266],[263,3563,3565,3601,3619],{"className":3564,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,3566,3568,3571,3574,3577,3580,3583,3586,3589,3592,3595,3598],{"className":3567},[275],[263,3569],{"className":3570,"style":475},[279],[263,3572,2343],{"className":3573,"style":2342},[284,655],[263,3575,857],{"className":3576},[479],[263,3578,1686],{"className":3579},[284],[263,3581,491],{"className":3582},[490],[263,3584],{"className":3585,"style":496},[495],[263,3587,1686],{"className":3588},[284],[263,3590,918],{"className":3591},[503],[263,3593],{"className":3594,"style":696},[495],[263,3596,701],{"className":3597},[700],[263,3599],{"className":3600,"style":696},[495],[263,3602,3604,3607,3610,3613,3616],{"className":3603},[275],[263,3605],{"className":3606,"style":280},[279],[263,3608,2129],{"className":3609},[284],[263,3611],{"className":3612,"style":656},[495],[263,3614,3054],{"className":3615},[692],[263,3617],{"className":3618,"style":656},[495],[263,3620,3622,3625,3628],{"className":3621},[275],[263,3623],{"className":3624,"style":2899},[279],[263,3626,46],{"className":3627},[284],[263,3629,3631,3634],{"className":3630},[284],[263,3632,2909],{"className":3633},[284],[263,3635,3637],{"className":3636},[661],[263,3638,3640],{"className":3639},[665],[263,3641,3643],{"className":3642},[669],[263,3644,3646],{"className":3645,"style":2899},[673],[263,3647,3648,3651],{"style":676},[263,3649],{"className":3650,"style":681},[680],[263,3652,3654],{"className":3653},[685,686,687,688],[263,3655,3657,3660],{"className":3656},[284,688],[263,3658,285],{"className":3659},[284,688],[263,3661,560],{"className":3662},[284,688],[11,3664,3665,3666,3681],{},"Divide each count by ",[263,3667,3669],{"className":3668},[266],[263,3670,3672],{"className":3671,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,3673,3675,3678],{"className":3674},[275],[263,3676],{"className":3677,"style":2878},[279],[263,3679,2883],{"className":3680,"style":2882},[284,655]," to get a probability, then compute each PMI. For the\npositive seed,",[263,3683,3685],{"className":3684},[1155],[263,3686,3688],{"className":3687},[266],[263,3689,3691,3736,4019,4239,4305],{"className":3690,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,3692,3694,3697,3703,3706,3712,3715,3718,3724,3727,3730,3733],{"className":3693},[275],[263,3695],{"className":3696,"style":475},[279],[263,3698,3700],{"className":3699},[800],[263,3701,2152],{"className":3702},[284,1413],[263,3704,857],{"className":3705},[479],[263,3707,3709],{"className":3708},[284,1203],[263,3710,2939],{"className":3711},[284],[263,3713,491],{"className":3714},[490],[263,3716],{"className":3717,"style":496},[495],[263,3719,3721],{"className":3720},[284,1203],[263,3722,52],{"className":3723},[284],[263,3725,918],{"className":3726},[503],[263,3728],{"className":3729,"style":696},[495],[263,3731,701],{"className":3732},[700],[263,3734],{"className":3735,"style":696},[495],[263,3737,3739,3743,3786,3789,4010,4013,4016],{"className":3738},[275],[263,3740],{"className":3741,"style":3742},[279],"height:2.4271em;vertical-align:-0.936em;",[263,3744,3746,3752],{"className":3745},[800],[263,3747,3749],{"className":3748},[800],[263,3750,2272],{"className":3751,"style":2271},[284,1413],[263,3753,3755],{"className":3754},[661],[263,3756,3758,3778],{"className":3757},[665,726],[263,3759,3761,3775],{"className":3760},[669],[263,3762,3764],{"className":3763,"style":2285},[673],[263,3765,3766,3769],{"style":2288},[263,3767],{"className":3768,"style":681},[680],[263,3770,3772],{"className":3771},[685,686,687,688],[263,3773,89],{"className":3774},[284,688],[263,3776,781],{"className":3777},[780],[263,3779,3781],{"className":3780},[669],[263,3782,3784],{"className":3783,"style":2307},[673],[263,3785],{},[263,3787],{"className":3788,"style":496},[495],[263,3790,3792,3795,4007],{"className":3791},[284],[263,3793],{"className":3794},[479,718],[263,3796,3798],{"className":3797},[722],[263,3799,3801,3999],{"className":3800},[665,726],[263,3802,3804,3996],{"className":3803},[669],[263,3805,3808,3930,3938],{"className":3806,"style":3807},[673],"height:1.4911em;",[263,3809,3810,3813],{"style":1572},[263,3811],{"className":3812,"style":740},[680],[263,3814,3816,3819,3822,3825,3828,3831,3834,3871,3874,3877,3880,3883,3886,3889,3892,3927],{"className":3815},[284],[263,3817,857],{"className":3818},[479],[263,3820,89],{"className":3821},[284],[263,3823],{"className":3824,"style":656},[495],[263,3826,3054],{"className":3827},[692],[263,3829],{"className":3830,"style":656},[495],[263,3832,46],{"className":3833},[284],[263,3835,3837,3840],{"className":3836},[284],[263,3838,2909],{"className":3839},[284],[263,3841,3843],{"className":3842},[661],[263,3844,3846],{"className":3845},[665],[263,3847,3849],{"className":3848},[669],[263,3850,3853],{"className":3851,"style":3852},[673],"height:0.7401em;",[263,3854,3856,3859],{"style":3855},"top:-2.989em;margin-right:0.05em;",[263,3857],{"className":3858,"style":681},[680],[263,3860,3862],{"className":3861},[685,686,687,688],[263,3863,3865,3868],{"className":3864},[284,688],[263,3866,285],{"className":3867},[284,688],[263,3869,197],{"className":3870},[284,688],[263,3872,918],{"className":3873},[503],[263,3875,857],{"className":3876},[479],[263,3878,1786],{"className":3879},[284],[263,3881],{"className":3882,"style":656},[495],[263,3884,3054],{"className":3885},[692],[263,3887],{"className":3888,"style":656},[495],[263,3890,46],{"className":3891},[284],[263,3893,3895,3898],{"className":3894},[284],[263,3896,2909],{"className":3897},[284],[263,3899,3901],{"className":3900},[661],[263,3902,3904],{"className":3903},[665],[263,3905,3907],{"className":3906},[669],[263,3908,3910],{"className":3909,"style":3852},[673],[263,3911,3912,3915],{"style":3855},[263,3913],{"className":3914,"style":681},[680],[263,3916,3918],{"className":3917},[685,686,687,688],[263,3919,3921,3924],{"className":3920},[284,688],[263,3922,285],{"className":3923},[284,688],[263,3925,197],{"className":3926},[284,688],[263,3928,918],{"className":3929},[503],[263,3931,3932,3935],{"style":753},[263,3933],{"className":3934,"style":740},[680],[263,3936],{"className":3937,"style":761},[760],[263,3939,3940,3943],{"style":1661},[263,3941],{"className":3942,"style":740},[680],[263,3944,3946,3949,3952,3955,3958,3961],{"className":3945},[284],[263,3947,560],{"className":3948},[284],[263,3950],{"className":3951,"style":656},[495],[263,3953,3054],{"className":3954},[692],[263,3956],{"className":3957,"style":656},[495],[263,3959,46],{"className":3960},[284],[263,3962,3964,3967],{"className":3963},[284],[263,3965,2909],{"className":3966},[284],[263,3968,3970],{"className":3969},[661],[263,3971,3973],{"className":3972},[665],[263,3974,3976],{"className":3975},[669],[263,3977,3979],{"className":3978,"style":2899},[673],[263,3980,3981,3984],{"style":676},[263,3982],{"className":3983,"style":681},[680],[263,3985,3987],{"className":3986},[685,686,687,688],[263,3988,3990,3993],{"className":3989},[284,688],[263,3991,285],{"className":3992},[284,688],[263,3994,289],{"className":3995},[284,688],[263,3997,781],{"className":3998},[780],[263,4000,4002],{"className":4001},[669],[263,4003,4005],{"className":4004,"style":1745},[673],[263,4006],{},[263,4008],{"className":4009},[503,718],[263,4011],{"className":4012,"style":696},[495],[263,4014,701],{"className":4015},[700],[263,4017],{"className":4018,"style":696},[495],[263,4020,4022,4026,4069,4072,4230,4233,4236],{"className":4021},[275],[263,4023],{"className":4024,"style":4025},[279],"height:2.2604em;vertical-align:-0.7693em;",[263,4027,4029,4035],{"className":4028},[800],[263,4030,4032],{"className":4031},[800],[263,4033,2272],{"className":4034,"style":2271},[284,1413],[263,4036,4038],{"className":4037},[661],[263,4039,4041,4061],{"className":4040},[665,726],[263,4042,4044,4058],{"className":4043},[669],[263,4045,4047],{"className":4046,"style":2285},[673],[263,4048,4049,4052],{"style":2288},[263,4050],{"className":4051,"style":681},[680],[263,4053,4055],{"className":4054},[685,686,687,688],[263,4056,89],{"className":4057},[284,688],[263,4059,781],{"className":4060},[780],[263,4062,4064],{"className":4063},[669],[263,4065,4067],{"className":4066,"style":2307},[673],[263,4068],{},[263,4070],{"className":4071,"style":496},[495],[263,4073,4075,4078,4227],{"className":4074},[284],[263,4076],{"className":4077},[479,718],[263,4079,4081],{"className":4080},[722],[263,4082,4084,4218],{"className":4083},[665,726],[263,4085,4087,4215],{"className":4086},[669],[263,4088,4090,4149,4157],{"className":4089,"style":3807},[673],[263,4091,4092,4095],{"style":1572},[263,4093],{"className":4094,"style":740},[680],[263,4096,4098,4102,4105,4108,4111,4114],{"className":4097},[284],[263,4099,4101],{"className":4100},[284],"1.6",[263,4103],{"className":4104,"style":656},[495],[263,4106,3054],{"className":4107},[692],[263,4109],{"className":4110,"style":656},[495],[263,4112,46],{"className":4113},[284],[263,4115,4117,4120],{"className":4116},[284],[263,4118,2909],{"className":4119},[284],[263,4121,4123],{"className":4122},[661],[263,4124,4126],{"className":4125},[665],[263,4127,4129],{"className":4128},[669],[263,4130,4132],{"className":4131,"style":3852},[673],[263,4133,4134,4137],{"style":3855},[263,4135],{"className":4136,"style":681},[680],[263,4138,4140],{"className":4139},[685,686,687,688],[263,4141,4143,4146],{"className":4142},[284,688],[263,4144,285],{"className":4145},[284,688],[263,4147,289],{"className":4148},[284,688],[263,4150,4151,4154],{"style":753},[263,4152],{"className":4153,"style":740},[680],[263,4155],{"className":4156,"style":761},[760],[263,4158,4159,4162],{"style":1661},[263,4160],{"className":4161,"style":740},[680],[263,4163,4165,4168,4171,4174,4177,4180],{"className":4164},[284],[263,4166,560],{"className":4167},[284],[263,4169],{"className":4170,"style":656},[495],[263,4172,3054],{"className":4173},[692],[263,4175],{"className":4176,"style":656},[495],[263,4178,46],{"className":4179},[284],[263,4181,4183,4186],{"className":4182},[284],[263,4184,2909],{"className":4185},[284],[263,4187,4189],{"className":4188},[661],[263,4190,4192],{"className":4191},[665],[263,4193,4195],{"className":4194},[669],[263,4196,4198],{"className":4197,"style":2899},[673],[263,4199,4200,4203],{"style":676},[263,4201],{"className":4202,"style":681},[680],[263,4204,4206],{"className":4205},[685,686,687,688],[263,4207,4209,4212],{"className":4208},[284,688],[263,4210,285],{"className":4211},[284,688],[263,4213,289],{"className":4214},[284,688],[263,4216,781],{"className":4217},[780],[263,4219,4221],{"className":4220},[669],[263,4222,4225],{"className":4223,"style":4224},[673],"height:0.7693em;",[263,4226],{},[263,4228],{"className":4229},[503,718],[263,4231],{"className":4232,"style":696},[495],[263,4234,701],{"className":4235},[700],[263,4237],{"className":4238,"style":696},[495],[263,4240,4242,4246,4289,4292,4296,4299,4302],{"className":4241},[275],[263,4243],{"className":4244,"style":4245},[279],"height:0.9386em;vertical-align:-0.2441em;",[263,4247,4249,4255],{"className":4248},[800],[263,4250,4252],{"className":4251},[800],[263,4253,2272],{"className":4254,"style":2271},[284,1413],[263,4256,4258],{"className":4257},[661],[263,4259,4261,4281],{"className":4260},[665,726],[263,4262,4264,4278],{"className":4263},[669],[263,4265,4267],{"className":4266,"style":2285},[673],[263,4268,4269,4272],{"style":2288},[263,4270],{"className":4271,"style":681},[680],[263,4273,4275],{"className":4274},[685,686,687,688],[263,4276,89],{"className":4277},[284,688],[263,4279,781],{"className":4280},[780],[263,4282,4284],{"className":4283},[669],[263,4285,4287],{"className":4286,"style":2307},[673],[263,4288],{},[263,4290],{"className":4291,"style":496},[495],[263,4293,4295],{"className":4294},[284],"3.75",[263,4297],{"className":4298,"style":696},[495],[263,4300,701],{"className":4301},[700],[263,4303],{"className":4304,"style":696},[495],[263,4306,4308,4311,4315],{"className":4307},[275],[263,4309],{"className":4310,"style":2978},[279],[263,4312,4314],{"className":4313},[284],"1.91",[263,4316,491],{"className":4317},[490],[11,4319,4320],{},"and for the negative seed,",[263,4322,4324],{"className":4323},[1155],[263,4325,4327],{"className":4326},[266],[263,4328,4330,4375,4654,4872,4937],{"className":4329,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,4331,4333,4336,4342,4345,4351,4354,4357,4363,4366,4369,4372],{"className":4332},[275],[263,4334],{"className":4335,"style":475},[279],[263,4337,4339],{"className":4338},[800],[263,4340,2152],{"className":4341},[284,1413],[263,4343,857],{"className":4344},[479],[263,4346,4348],{"className":4347},[284,1203],[263,4349,2939],{"className":4350},[284],[263,4352,491],{"className":4353},[490],[263,4355],{"className":4356,"style":496},[495],[263,4358,4360],{"className":4359},[284,1203],[263,4361,2115],{"className":4362},[284],[263,4364,918],{"className":4365},[503],[263,4367],{"className":4368,"style":696},[495],[263,4370,701],{"className":4371},[700],[263,4373],{"className":4374,"style":696},[495],[263,4376,4378,4381,4424,4427,4645,4648,4651],{"className":4377},[275],[263,4379],{"className":4380,"style":3742},[279],[263,4382,4384,4390],{"className":4383},[800],[263,4385,4387],{"className":4386},[800],[263,4388,2272],{"className":4389,"style":2271},[284,1413],[263,4391,4393],{"className":4392},[661],[263,4394,4396,4416],{"className":4395},[665,726],[263,4397,4399,4413],{"className":4398},[669],[263,4400,4402],{"className":4401,"style":2285},[673],[263,4403,4404,4407],{"style":2288},[263,4405],{"className":4406,"style":681},[680],[263,4408,4410],{"className":4409},[685,686,687,688],[263,4411,89],{"className":4412},[284,688],[263,4414,781],{"className":4415},[780],[263,4417,4419],{"className":4418},[669],[263,4420,4422],{"className":4421,"style":2307},[673],[263,4423],{},[263,4425],{"className":4426,"style":496},[495],[263,4428,4430,4433,4642],{"className":4429},[284],[263,4431],{"className":4432},[479,718],[263,4434,4436],{"className":4435},[722],[263,4437,4439,4634],{"className":4438},[665,726],[263,4440,4442,4631],{"className":4441},[669],[263,4443,4445,4565,4573],{"className":4444,"style":3807},[673],[263,4446,4447,4450],{"style":1572},[263,4448],{"className":4449,"style":740},[680],[263,4451,4453,4456,4459,4462,4465,4468,4471,4506,4509,4512,4515,4518,4521,4524,4527,4562],{"className":4452},[284],[263,4454,857],{"className":4455},[479],[263,4457,89],{"className":4458},[284],[263,4460],{"className":4461,"style":656},[495],[263,4463,3054],{"className":4464},[692],[263,4466],{"className":4467,"style":656},[495],[263,4469,46],{"className":4470},[284],[263,4472,4474,4477],{"className":4473},[284],[263,4475,2909],{"className":4476},[284],[263,4478,4480],{"className":4479},[661],[263,4481,4483],{"className":4482},[665],[263,4484,4486],{"className":4485},[669],[263,4487,4489],{"className":4488,"style":3852},[673],[263,4490,4491,4494],{"style":3855},[263,4492],{"className":4493,"style":681},[680],[263,4495,4497],{"className":4496},[685,686,687,688],[263,4498,4500,4503],{"className":4499},[284,688],[263,4501,285],{"className":4502},[284,688],[263,4504,197],{"className":4505},[284,688],[263,4507,918],{"className":4508},[503],[263,4510,857],{"className":4511},[479],[263,4513,560],{"className":4514},[284],[263,4516],{"className":4517,"style":656},[495],[263,4519,3054],{"className":4520},[692],[263,4522],{"className":4523,"style":656},[495],[263,4525,46],{"className":4526},[284],[263,4528,4530,4533],{"className":4529},[284],[263,4531,2909],{"className":4532},[284],[263,4534,4536],{"className":4535},[661],[263,4537,4539],{"className":4538},[665],[263,4540,4542],{"className":4541},[669],[263,4543,4545],{"className":4544,"style":3852},[673],[263,4546,4547,4550],{"style":3855},[263,4548],{"className":4549,"style":681},[680],[263,4551,4553],{"className":4552},[685,686,687,688],[263,4554,4556,4559],{"className":4555},[284,688],[263,4557,285],{"className":4558},[284,688],[263,4560,197],{"className":4561},[284,688],[263,4563,918],{"className":4564},[503],[263,4566,4567,4570],{"style":753},[263,4568],{"className":4569,"style":740},[680],[263,4571],{"className":4572,"style":761},[760],[263,4574,4575,4578],{"style":1661},[263,4576],{"className":4577,"style":740},[680],[263,4579,4581,4584,4587,4590,4593,4596],{"className":4580},[284],[263,4582,2129],{"className":4583},[284],[263,4585],{"className":4586,"style":656},[495],[263,4588,3054],{"className":4589},[692],[263,4591],{"className":4592,"style":656},[495],[263,4594,46],{"className":4595},[284],[263,4597,4599,4602],{"className":4598},[284],[263,4600,2909],{"className":4601},[284],[263,4603,4605],{"className":4604},[661],[263,4606,4608],{"className":4607},[665],[263,4609,4611],{"className":4610},[669],[263,4612,4614],{"className":4613,"style":2899},[673],[263,4615,4616,4619],{"style":676},[263,4617],{"className":4618,"style":681},[680],[263,4620,4622],{"className":4621},[685,686,687,688],[263,4623,4625,4628],{"className":4624},[284,688],[263,4626,285],{"className":4627},[284,688],[263,4629,560],{"className":4630},[284,688],[263,4632,781],{"className":4633},[780],[263,4635,4637],{"className":4636},[669],[263,4638,4640],{"className":4639,"style":1745},[673],[263,4641],{},[263,4643],{"className":4644},[503,718],[263,4646],{"className":4647,"style":696},[495],[263,4649,701],{"className":4650},[700],[263,4652],{"className":4653,"style":696},[495],[263,4655,4657,4660,4703,4706,4863,4866,4869],{"className":4656},[275],[263,4658],{"className":4659,"style":4025},[279],[263,4661,4663,4669],{"className":4662},[800],[263,4664,4666],{"className":4665},[800],[263,4667,2272],{"className":4668,"style":2271},[284,1413],[263,4670,4672],{"className":4671},[661],[263,4673,4675,4695],{"className":4674},[665,726],[263,4676,4678,4692],{"className":4677},[669],[263,4679,4681],{"className":4680,"style":2285},[673],[263,4682,4683,4686],{"style":2288},[263,4684],{"className":4685,"style":681},[680],[263,4687,4689],{"className":4688},[685,686,687,688],[263,4690,89],{"className":4691},[284,688],[263,4693,781],{"className":4694},[780],[263,4696,4698],{"className":4697},[669],[263,4699,4701],{"className":4700,"style":2307},[673],[263,4702],{},[263,4704],{"className":4705,"style":496},[495],[263,4707,4709,4712,4860],{"className":4708},[284],[263,4710],{"className":4711},[479,718],[263,4713,4715],{"className":4714},[722],[263,4716,4718,4852],{"className":4717},[665,726],[263,4719,4721,4849],{"className":4720},[669],[263,4722,4724,4783,4791],{"className":4723,"style":3807},[673],[263,4725,4726,4729],{"style":1572},[263,4727],{"className":4728,"style":740},[680],[263,4730,4732,4736,4739,4742,4745,4748],{"className":4731},[284],[263,4733,4735],{"className":4734},[284],"1.2",[263,4737],{"className":4738,"style":656},[495],[263,4740,3054],{"className":4741},[692],[263,4743],{"className":4744,"style":656},[495],[263,4746,46],{"className":4747},[284],[263,4749,4751,4754],{"className":4750},[284],[263,4752,2909],{"className":4753},[284],[263,4755,4757],{"className":4756},[661],[263,4758,4760],{"className":4759},[665],[263,4761,4763],{"className":4762},[669],[263,4764,4766],{"className":4765,"style":3852},[673],[263,4767,4768,4771],{"style":3855},[263,4769],{"className":4770,"style":681},[680],[263,4772,4774],{"className":4773},[685,686,687,688],[263,4775,4777,4780],{"className":4776},[284,688],[263,4778,285],{"className":4779},[284,688],[263,4781,289],{"className":4782},[284,688],[263,4784,4785,4788],{"style":753},[263,4786],{"className":4787,"style":740},[680],[263,4789],{"className":4790,"style":761},[760],[263,4792,4793,4796],{"style":1661},[263,4794],{"className":4795,"style":740},[680],[263,4797,4799,4802,4805,4808,4811,4814],{"className":4798},[284],[263,4800,2129],{"className":4801},[284],[263,4803],{"className":4804,"style":656},[495],[263,4806,3054],{"className":4807},[692],[263,4809],{"className":4810,"style":656},[495],[263,4812,46],{"className":4813},[284],[263,4815,4817,4820],{"className":4816},[284],[263,4818,2909],{"className":4819},[284],[263,4821,4823],{"className":4822},[661],[263,4824,4826],{"className":4825},[665],[263,4827,4829],{"className":4828},[669],[263,4830,4832],{"className":4831,"style":2899},[673],[263,4833,4834,4837],{"style":676},[263,4835],{"className":4836,"style":681},[680],[263,4838,4840],{"className":4839},[685,686,687,688],[263,4841,4843,4846],{"className":4842},[284,688],[263,4844,285],{"className":4845},[284,688],[263,4847,560],{"className":4848},[284,688],[263,4850,781],{"className":4851},[780],[263,4853,4855],{"className":4854},[669],[263,4856,4858],{"className":4857,"style":4224},[673],[263,4859],{},[263,4861],{"className":4862},[503,718],[263,4864],{"className":4865,"style":696},[495],[263,4867,701],{"className":4868},[700],[263,4870],{"className":4871,"style":696},[495],[263,4873,4875,4878,4921,4924,4928,4931,4934],{"className":4874},[275],[263,4876],{"className":4877,"style":4245},[279],[263,4879,4881,4887],{"className":4880},[800],[263,4882,4884],{"className":4883},[800],[263,4885,2272],{"className":4886,"style":2271},[284,1413],[263,4888,4890],{"className":4889},[661],[263,4891,4893,4913],{"className":4892},[665,726],[263,4894,4896,4910],{"className":4895},[669],[263,4897,4899],{"className":4898,"style":2285},[673],[263,4900,4901,4904],{"style":2288},[263,4902],{"className":4903,"style":681},[680],[263,4905,4907],{"className":4906},[685,686,687,688],[263,4908,89],{"className":4909},[284,688],[263,4911,781],{"className":4912},[780],[263,4914,4916],{"className":4915},[669],[263,4917,4919],{"className":4918,"style":2307},[673],[263,4920],{},[263,4922],{"className":4923,"style":496},[495],[263,4925,4927],{"className":4926},[284],"0.75",[263,4929],{"className":4930,"style":696},[495],[263,4932,701],{"className":4933},[700],[263,4935],{"className":4936,"style":696},[495],[263,4938,4940,4943,4946],{"className":4939},[275],[263,4941],{"className":4942,"style":280},[279],[263,4944,285],{"className":4945},[284],[263,4947,4949],{"className":4948},[284],"0.42.",[11,4951,4952,4953,5058,5059,5061,5062,5064,5065,5067,5068,5071,5072,5074,5075,5077,5078,5093],{},"The semantic orientation is the difference, ",[263,4954,4956],{"className":4955},[266],[263,4957,4959,5001,5019,5047],{"className":4958,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,4960,4962,4965,4980,4983,4989,4992,4995,4998],{"className":4961},[275],[263,4963],{"className":4964,"style":475},[279],[263,4966,4968,4971,4977],{"className":4967},[800],[263,4969,2598],{"className":4970},[284,1413],[263,4972,4974],{"className":4973},[284,1203],[263,4975,2605],{"className":4976},[284],[263,4978,2152],{"className":4979},[284,1413],[263,4981,857],{"className":4982},[479],[263,4984,4986],{"className":4985},[284,1203],[263,4987,2939],{"className":4988},[284],[263,4990,918],{"className":4991},[503],[263,4993],{"className":4994,"style":696},[495],[263,4996,701],{"className":4997},[700],[263,4999],{"className":5000,"style":696},[495],[263,5002,5004,5007,5010,5013,5016],{"className":5003},[275],[263,5005],{"className":5006,"style":280},[279],[263,5008,4314],{"className":5009},[284],[263,5011],{"className":5012,"style":656},[495],[263,5014,285],{"className":5015},[692],[263,5017],{"className":5018,"style":656},[495],[263,5020,5022,5025,5028,5031,5035,5038,5041,5044],{"className":5021},[275],[263,5023],{"className":5024,"style":475},[279],[263,5026,857],{"className":5027},[479],[263,5029,285],{"className":5030},[284],[263,5032,5034],{"className":5033},[284],"0.42",[263,5036,918],{"className":5037},[503],[263,5039],{"className":5040,"style":696},[495],[263,5042,701],{"className":5043},[700],[263,5045],{"className":5046,"style":696},[495],[263,5048,5050,5054],{"className":5049},[275],[263,5051],{"className":5052,"style":5053},[279],"height:0.6444em;",[263,5055,5057],{"className":5056},[284],"2.33",": strongly positive, because ",[20,5060,2939],{}," co-occurs with\n",[20,5063,52],{}," far more than chance and with ",[20,5066,2115],{}," less than chance. Run the same three\nqueries for ",[20,5069,5070],{},"unpredictable"," and the sign flips — it appears near ",[20,5073,2115],{}," more than near\n",[20,5076,52],{},", so its SO comes out negative — recovering the polarity of both words from\nnothing but a search engine and two seed words. The ",[263,5079,5081],{"className":5080},[266],[263,5082,5084],{"className":5083,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,5085,5087,5090],{"className":5086},[275],[263,5088],{"className":5089,"style":2878},[279],[263,5091,2883],{"className":5092,"style":2882},[284,655]," cancels out of the difference,\nwhich is why Turney could estimate SO-PMI without ever knowing the true corpus size.",[102,5095],{"hash":5096},"eaa382fafcda49f685a2125e7c74906a80b8ce158b6dc868f2bced68f24d2779",[11,5098,5099,5100,5103,5104,5107,5108,5111,5112,5115,5116,5119],{},"Other similarity cues work in place of cosine or co-occurrence. Two adjectives\nconjoined by ",[20,5101,5102],{},"and"," (",[183,5105,5106],{},"fair and legitimate",") usually share polarity, while ",[20,5109,5110],{},"but","\n(",[183,5113,5114],{},"fair but brutal",") flips it; a morphological negative (",[20,5117,5118],{},"adequate \u002F inadequate",")\nflips it; a thesaurus lets you add the synonyms of positive seeds and the\nantonyms of negative seeds. All follow the same pattern: a similarity metric plus\nseed poles.",[71,5121,5123],{"id":5122},"building-a-lexicon-3-supervised-learning-from-reviews","Building a lexicon (3): supervised learning from reviews",[11,5125,5126,5127,5130,5131,1313,5134],{},"Sometimes supervision comes free. Online reviews carry a\n",[29,5128,5129],{},"star rating"," — 1 to 5, or 1 to 10 — and the rating is a label for the whole\nreview's sentiment. Positive words cluster in 5-star reviews; negative words in\n1-star reviews. We can learn word sentiment directly from the counts, and get\nsomething richer than a binary tag: a ",[29,5132,5133],{},"distribution over ratings",[38,5135,5136],{},[14,5137,5141],{"href":5138,"ariaDescribedBy":5139,"dataFootnoteRef":6,"id":5140},"#user-content-fn-jm-super",[44],"user-content-fnref-jm-super","10",[102,5143],{"hash":5144},"670d1e1485c18408f81915ef4f80f9b635ec58b852e6b5d473787a6e25f7fe79",[11,5146,5147,5148,5163,5164,5180,5181,5224,5225,5228],{},"Concretely, count how often word ",[263,5149,5151],{"className":5150},[266],[263,5152,5154],{"className":5153,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,5155,5157,5160],{"className":5156},[275],[263,5158],{"className":5159,"style":1387},[279],[263,5161,865],{"className":5162,"style":864},[284,655]," appears in reviews of each class ",[263,5165,5167],{"className":5166},[266],[263,5168,5170],{"className":5169,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,5171,5173,5176],{"className":5172},[275],[263,5174],{"className":5175,"style":1387},[279],[263,5177,5179],{"className":5178},[284,655],"c",", and\nturn counts into a likelihood ",[263,5182,5184],{"className":5183},[266],[263,5185,5187,5212],{"className":5186,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,5188,5190,5193,5196,5199,5202,5205,5209],{"className":5189},[275],[263,5191],{"className":5192,"style":475},[279],[263,5194,2343],{"className":5195,"style":2342},[284,655],[263,5197,857],{"className":5198},[479],[263,5200,865],{"className":5201,"style":864},[284,655],[263,5203],{"className":5204,"style":696},[495],[263,5206,5208],{"className":5207},[700],"∣",[263,5210],{"className":5211,"style":696},[495],[263,5213,5215,5218,5221],{"className":5214},[275],[263,5216],{"className":5217,"style":475},[279],[263,5219,5179],{"className":5220},[284,655],[263,5222,918],{"className":5223},[503],". Then normalize across classes into\nthe ",[29,5226,5227],{},"Potts score",", which reads as the word's sentiment profile:",[263,5230,5232],{"className":5231},[1155],[263,5233,5235],{"className":5234},[266],[263,5236,5238,5262,5283,5556],{"className":5237,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,5239,5241,5244,5247,5250,5253,5256,5259],{"className":5240},[275],[263,5242],{"className":5243,"style":475},[279],[263,5245,2343],{"className":5246,"style":2342},[284,655],[263,5248,857],{"className":5249},[479],[263,5251,865],{"className":5252,"style":864},[284,655],[263,5254],{"className":5255,"style":696},[495],[263,5257,5208],{"className":5258},[700],[263,5260],{"className":5261,"style":696},[495],[263,5263,5265,5268,5271,5274,5277,5280],{"className":5264},[275],[263,5266],{"className":5267,"style":475},[279],[263,5269,5179],{"className":5270},[284,655],[263,5272,918],{"className":5273},[503],[263,5275],{"className":5276,"style":696},[495],[263,5278,701],{"className":5279},[700],[263,5281],{"className":5282,"style":696},[495],[263,5284,5286,5290,5512,5515,5519,5522,5529,5532,5535,5538,5541,5544,5547,5550,5553],{"className":5285},[275],[263,5287],{"className":5288,"style":5289},[279],"height:2.4401em;vertical-align:-1.0131em;",[263,5291,5293,5296,5509],{"className":5292},[284],[263,5294],{"className":5295},[479,718],[263,5297,5299],{"className":5298},[722],[263,5300,5302,5500],{"className":5301},[665,726],[263,5303,5305,5497],{"className":5304},[669],[263,5306,5308,5457,5465],{"className":5307,"style":1569},[673],[263,5309,5310,5313],{"style":1572},[263,5311],{"className":5312,"style":740},[680],[263,5314,5316,5399,5402,5409,5412,5445,5448,5451,5454],{"className":5315},[284],[263,5317,5319,5322],{"className":5318},[800],[263,5320,807],{"className":5321,"style":806},[800,804,805],[263,5323,5325],{"className":5324},[661],[263,5326,5328,5390],{"className":5327},[665,726],[263,5329,5331,5387],{"className":5330},[669],[263,5332,5335],{"className":5333,"style":5334},[673],"height:0.1783em;",[263,5336,5337,5340],{"style":823},[263,5338],{"className":5339,"style":681},[680],[263,5341,5343],{"className":5342},[685,686,687,688],[263,5344,5346,5380,5384],{"className":5345},[284,688],[263,5347,5349,5352],{"className":5348},[284,688],[263,5350,865],{"className":5351,"style":864},[284,655,688],[263,5353,5355],{"className":5354},[661],[263,5356,5358],{"className":5357},[665],[263,5359,5361],{"className":5360},[669],[263,5362,5365],{"className":5363,"style":5364},[673],"height:0.6828em;",[263,5366,5367,5370],{"style":1962},[263,5368],{"className":5369,"style":1966},[680],[263,5371,5373],{"className":5372},[685,1970,1461,688],[263,5374,5376],{"className":5375},[284,688],[263,5377,5379],{"className":5378},[284,688],"′",[263,5381,5383],{"className":5382},[700,688],"∈",[263,5385,5179],{"className":5386},[284,655,688],[263,5388,781],{"className":5389},[780],[263,5391,5393],{"className":5392},[669],[263,5394,5397],{"className":5395,"style":5396},[673],"height:0.3271em;",[263,5398],{},[263,5400],{"className":5401,"style":496},[495],[263,5403,5405],{"className":5404},[800],[263,5406,5408],{"className":5407},[284,1413],"count",[263,5410,857],{"className":5411},[479],[263,5413,5415,5418],{"className":5414},[284],[263,5416,865],{"className":5417,"style":864},[284,655],[263,5419,5421],{"className":5420},[661],[263,5422,5424],{"className":5423},[665],[263,5425,5427],{"className":5426},[669],[263,5428,5431],{"className":5429,"style":5430},[673],"height:0.6779em;",[263,5432,5433,5436],{"style":3855},[263,5434],{"className":5435,"style":681},[680],[263,5437,5439],{"className":5438},[685,686,687,688],[263,5440,5442],{"className":5441},[284,688],[263,5443,5379],{"className":5444},[284,688],[263,5446,491],{"className":5447},[490],[263,5449],{"className":5450,"style":496},[495],[263,5452,5179],{"className":5453},[284,655],[263,5455,918],{"className":5456},[503],[263,5458,5459,5462],{"style":753},[263,5460],{"className":5461,"style":740},[680],[263,5463],{"className":5464,"style":761},[760],[263,5466,5467,5470],{"style":1661},[263,5468],{"className":5469,"style":740},[680],[263,5471,5473,5479,5482,5485,5488,5491,5494],{"className":5472},[284],[263,5474,5476],{"className":5475},[800],[263,5477,5408],{"className":5478},[284,1413],[263,5480,857],{"className":5481},[479],[263,5483,865],{"className":5484,"style":864},[284,655],[263,5486,491],{"className":5487},[490],[263,5489],{"className":5490,"style":496},[495],[263,5492,5179],{"className":5493},[284,655],[263,5495,918],{"className":5496},[503],[263,5498,781],{"className":5499},[780],[263,5501,5503],{"className":5502},[669],[263,5504,5507],{"className":5505,"style":5506},[673],"height:1.0131em;",[263,5508],{},[263,5510],{"className":5511},[503,718],[263,5513,491],{"className":5514},[490],[263,5516],{"className":5517,"style":5518},[495],"margin-right:2em;",[263,5520],{"className":5521,"style":496},[495],[263,5523,5525],{"className":5524},[800],[263,5526,5528],{"className":5527},[284,1413],"PottsScore",[263,5530,857],{"className":5531},[479],[263,5533,865],{"className":5534,"style":864},[284,655],[263,5536,491],{"className":5537},[490],[263,5539],{"className":5540,"style":496},[495],[263,5542,5179],{"className":5543},[284,655],[263,5545,918],{"className":5546},[503],[263,5548],{"className":5549,"style":696},[495],[263,5551,701],{"className":5552},[700],[263,5554],{"className":5555,"style":696},[495],[263,5557,5559,5563,5772],{"className":5558},[275],[263,5560],{"className":5561,"style":5562},[279],"height:2.4127em;vertical-align:-0.9857em;",[263,5564,5566,5569,5769],{"className":5565},[284],[263,5567],{"className":5568},[479,718],[263,5570,5572],{"className":5571},[722],[263,5573,5575,5760],{"className":5574},[665,726],[263,5576,5578,5757],{"className":5577},[669],[263,5579,5581,5717,5725],{"className":5580,"style":1569},[673],[263,5582,5583,5586],{"style":1572},[263,5584],{"className":5585,"style":740},[680],[263,5587,5589,5661,5664,5667,5670,5673,5676,5679,5682,5714],{"className":5588},[284],[263,5590,5592,5595],{"className":5591},[800],[263,5593,807],{"className":5594,"style":806},[800,804,805],[263,5596,5598],{"className":5597},[661],[263,5599,5601,5653],{"className":5600},[665,726],[263,5602,5604,5650],{"className":5603},[669],[263,5605,5607],{"className":5606,"style":5334},[673],[263,5608,5609,5612],{"style":823},[263,5610],{"className":5611,"style":681},[680],[263,5613,5615],{"className":5614},[685,686,687,688],[263,5616,5618],{"className":5617},[284,688],[263,5619,5621,5624],{"className":5620},[284,688],[263,5622,5179],{"className":5623},[284,655,688],[263,5625,5627],{"className":5626},[661],[263,5628,5630],{"className":5629},[665],[263,5631,5633],{"className":5632},[669],[263,5634,5636],{"className":5635,"style":5364},[673],[263,5637,5638,5641],{"style":1962},[263,5639],{"className":5640,"style":1966},[680],[263,5642,5644],{"className":5643},[685,1970,1461,688],[263,5645,5647],{"className":5646},[284,688],[263,5648,5379],{"className":5649},[284,688],[263,5651,781],{"className":5652},[780],[263,5654,5656],{"className":5655},[669],[263,5657,5659],{"className":5658,"style":843},[673],[263,5660],{},[263,5662],{"className":5663,"style":496},[495],[263,5665,2343],{"className":5666,"style":2342},[284,655],[263,5668,857],{"className":5669},[479],[263,5671,865],{"className":5672,"style":864},[284,655],[263,5674],{"className":5675,"style":696},[495],[263,5677,5208],{"className":5678},[700],[263,5680],{"className":5681,"style":696},[495],[263,5683,5685,5688],{"className":5684},[284],[263,5686,5179],{"className":5687},[284,655],[263,5689,5691],{"className":5690},[661],[263,5692,5694],{"className":5693},[665],[263,5695,5697],{"className":5696},[669],[263,5698,5700],{"className":5699,"style":5430},[673],[263,5701,5702,5705],{"style":3855},[263,5703],{"className":5704,"style":681},[680],[263,5706,5708],{"className":5707},[685,686,687,688],[263,5709,5711],{"className":5710},[284,688],[263,5712,5379],{"className":5713},[284,688],[263,5715,918],{"className":5716},[503],[263,5718,5719,5722],{"style":753},[263,5720],{"className":5721,"style":740},[680],[263,5723],{"className":5724,"style":761},[760],[263,5726,5727,5730],{"style":1661},[263,5728],{"className":5729,"style":740},[680],[263,5731,5733,5736,5739,5742,5745,5748,5751,5754],{"className":5732},[284],[263,5734,2343],{"className":5735,"style":2342},[284,655],[263,5737,857],{"className":5738},[479],[263,5740,865],{"className":5741,"style":864},[284,655],[263,5743],{"className":5744,"style":696},[495],[263,5746,5208],{"className":5747},[700],[263,5749],{"className":5750,"style":696},[495],[263,5752,5179],{"className":5753},[284,655],[263,5755,918],{"className":5756},[503],[263,5758,781],{"className":5759},[780],[263,5761,5763],{"className":5762},[669],[263,5764,5767],{"className":5765,"style":5766},[673],"height:0.9857em;",[263,5768],{},[263,5770],{"className":5771},[503,718],[263,5773,1313],{"className":5774},[284],[11,5776,5777,5778,5781],{},"Work the normalization on one word. Suppose across a review corpus the word\n",[20,5779,5780],{},"disappointing"," occurs with these raw counts by star rating, and each rating class\nhas the shown total word count:",[199,5783,5784,5944],{},[202,5785,5786],{},[205,5787,5788,5806,5847,5865],{},[208,5789,5790,5791],{},"Rating ",[263,5792,5794],{"className":5793},[266],[263,5795,5797],{"className":5796,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,5798,5800,5803],{"className":5799},[275],[263,5801],{"className":5802,"style":1387},[279],[263,5804,5179],{"className":5805},[284,655],[208,5807,5808],{},[263,5809,5811],{"className":5810},[266],[263,5812,5814],{"className":5813,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,5815,5817,5820,5826,5829,5835,5838,5841,5844],{"className":5816},[275],[263,5818],{"className":5819,"style":475},[279],[263,5821,5823],{"className":5822},[800],[263,5824,5408],{"className":5825},[284,1413],[263,5827,857],{"className":5828},[479],[263,5830,5832],{"className":5831},[284,1203],[263,5833,5780],{"className":5834},[284],[263,5836,491],{"className":5837},[490],[263,5839],{"className":5840,"style":496},[495],[263,5842,5179],{"className":5843},[284,655],[263,5845,918],{"className":5846},[503],[208,5848,5849,5850],{},"tokens in class ",[263,5851,5853],{"className":5852},[266],[263,5854,5856],{"className":5855,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,5857,5859,5862],{"className":5858},[275],[263,5860],{"className":5861,"style":1387},[279],[263,5863,5179],{"className":5864},[284,655],[208,5866,5867],{},[263,5868,5870],{"className":5869},[266],[263,5871,5873,5897,5918],{"className":5872,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,5874,5876,5879,5882,5885,5888,5891,5894],{"className":5875},[275],[263,5877],{"className":5878,"style":475},[279],[263,5880,2343],{"className":5881,"style":2342},[284,655],[263,5883,857],{"className":5884},[479],[263,5886,865],{"className":5887,"style":864},[284,655],[263,5889],{"className":5890,"style":696},[495],[263,5892,5208],{"className":5893},[700],[263,5895],{"className":5896,"style":696},[495],[263,5898,5900,5903,5906,5909,5912,5915],{"className":5899},[275],[263,5901],{"className":5902,"style":475},[279],[263,5904,5179],{"className":5905},[284,655],[263,5907,918],{"className":5908},[503],[263,5910],{"className":5911,"style":696},[495],[263,5913,701],{"className":5914},[700],[263,5916],{"className":5917,"style":696},[495],[263,5919,5921,5924,5930,5933,5937],{"className":5920},[275],[263,5922],{"className":5923,"style":475},[279],[263,5925,5927],{"className":5926},[800],[263,5928,5408],{"className":5929},[284,1413],[263,5931],{"className":5932,"style":496},[495],[263,5934,5936],{"className":5935},[284],"\u002F",[263,5938,5940],{"className":5939},[284,1203],[263,5941,5943],{"className":5942},[284],"tokens",[218,5945,5946,6075,6204,6333,6462],{},[205,5947,5948,5951,5969,6004],{},[223,5949,5950],{},"1 star",[223,5952,5953],{},[263,5954,5956],{"className":5955},[266],[263,5957,5959],{"className":5958,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,5960,5962,5965],{"className":5961},[275],[263,5963],{"className":5964,"style":5053},[279],[263,5966,5968],{"className":5967},[284],"500",[223,5970,5971],{},[263,5972,5974],{"className":5973},[266],[263,5975,5977],{"className":5976,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,5978,5980,5983,5986,5992,5995,6001],{"className":5979},[275],[263,5981],{"className":5982,"style":2978},[279],[263,5984,46],{"className":5985},[284],[263,5987,5989],{"className":5988},[284],[263,5990,491],{"className":5991},[490],[263,5993,2991],{"className":5994},[284],[263,5996,5998],{"className":5997},[284],[263,5999,491],{"className":6000},[490],[263,6002,2991],{"className":6003},[284],[223,6005,6006],{},[263,6007,6009],{"className":6008},[266],[263,6010,6012,6031],{"className":6011,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,6013,6015,6018,6022,6025,6028],{"className":6014},[275],[263,6016],{"className":6017,"style":280},[279],[263,6019,6021],{"className":6020},[284],"5.0",[263,6023],{"className":6024,"style":656},[495],[263,6026,3054],{"className":6027},[692],[263,6029],{"className":6030,"style":656},[495],[263,6032,6034,6037,6040],{"className":6033},[275],[263,6035],{"className":6036,"style":2899},[279],[263,6038,46],{"className":6039},[284],[263,6041,6043,6046],{"className":6042},[284],[263,6044,2909],{"className":6045},[284],[263,6047,6049],{"className":6048},[661],[263,6050,6052],{"className":6051},[665],[263,6053,6055],{"className":6054},[669],[263,6056,6058],{"className":6057,"style":2899},[673],[263,6059,6060,6063],{"style":676},[263,6061],{"className":6062,"style":681},[680],[263,6064,6066],{"className":6065},[685,686,687,688],[263,6067,6069,6072],{"className":6068},[284,688],[263,6070,285],{"className":6071},[284,688],[263,6073,433],{"className":6074},[284,688],[205,6076,6077,6080,6098,6133],{},[223,6078,6079],{},"2 star",[223,6081,6082],{},[263,6083,6085],{"className":6084},[266],[263,6086,6088],{"className":6087,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,6089,6091,6094],{"className":6090},[275],[263,6092],{"className":6093,"style":5053},[279],[263,6095,6097],{"className":6096},[284],"400",[223,6099,6100],{},[263,6101,6103],{"className":6102},[266],[263,6104,6106],{"className":6105,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,6107,6109,6112,6115,6121,6124,6130],{"className":6108},[275],[263,6110],{"className":6111,"style":2978},[279],[263,6113,46],{"className":6114},[284],[263,6116,6118],{"className":6117},[284],[263,6119,491],{"className":6120},[490],[263,6122,2991],{"className":6123},[284],[263,6125,6127],{"className":6126},[284],[263,6128,491],{"className":6129},[490],[263,6131,2991],{"className":6132},[284],[223,6134,6135],{},[263,6136,6138],{"className":6137},[266],[263,6139,6141,6160],{"className":6140,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,6142,6144,6147,6151,6154,6157],{"className":6143},[275],[263,6145],{"className":6146,"style":280},[279],[263,6148,6150],{"className":6149},[284],"4.0",[263,6152],{"className":6153,"style":656},[495],[263,6155,3054],{"className":6156},[692],[263,6158],{"className":6159,"style":656},[495],[263,6161,6163,6166,6169],{"className":6162},[275],[263,6164],{"className":6165,"style":2899},[279],[263,6167,46],{"className":6168},[284],[263,6170,6172,6175],{"className":6171},[284],[263,6173,2909],{"className":6174},[284],[263,6176,6178],{"className":6177},[661],[263,6179,6181],{"className":6180},[665],[263,6182,6184],{"className":6183},[669],[263,6185,6187],{"className":6186,"style":2899},[673],[263,6188,6189,6192],{"style":676},[263,6190],{"className":6191,"style":681},[680],[263,6193,6195],{"className":6194},[685,686,687,688],[263,6196,6198,6201],{"className":6197},[284,688],[263,6199,285],{"className":6200},[284,688],[263,6202,433],{"className":6203},[284,688],[205,6205,6206,6209,6227,6262],{},[223,6207,6208],{},"3 star",[223,6210,6211],{},[263,6212,6214],{"className":6213},[266],[263,6215,6217],{"className":6216,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,6218,6220,6223],{"className":6219},[275],[263,6221],{"className":6222,"style":5053},[279],[263,6224,6226],{"className":6225},[284],"250",[223,6228,6229],{},[263,6230,6232],{"className":6231},[266],[263,6233,6235],{"className":6234,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,6236,6238,6241,6244,6250,6253,6259],{"className":6237},[275],[263,6239],{"className":6240,"style":2978},[279],[263,6242,46],{"className":6243},[284],[263,6245,6247],{"className":6246},[284],[263,6248,491],{"className":6249},[490],[263,6251,2991],{"className":6252},[284],[263,6254,6256],{"className":6255},[284],[263,6257,491],{"className":6258},[490],[263,6260,2991],{"className":6261},[284],[223,6263,6264],{},[263,6265,6267],{"className":6266},[266],[263,6268,6270,6289],{"className":6269,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,6271,6273,6276,6280,6283,6286],{"className":6272},[275],[263,6274],{"className":6275,"style":280},[279],[263,6277,6279],{"className":6278},[284],"2.5",[263,6281],{"className":6282,"style":656},[495],[263,6284,3054],{"className":6285},[692],[263,6287],{"className":6288,"style":656},[495],[263,6290,6292,6295,6298],{"className":6291},[275],[263,6293],{"className":6294,"style":2899},[279],[263,6296,46],{"className":6297},[284],[263,6299,6301,6304],{"className":6300},[284],[263,6302,2909],{"className":6303},[284],[263,6305,6307],{"className":6306},[661],[263,6308,6310],{"className":6309},[665],[263,6311,6313],{"className":6312},[669],[263,6314,6316],{"className":6315,"style":2899},[673],[263,6317,6318,6321],{"style":676},[263,6319],{"className":6320,"style":681},[680],[263,6322,6324],{"className":6323},[685,686,687,688],[263,6325,6327,6330],{"className":6326},[284,688],[263,6328,285],{"className":6329},[284,688],[263,6331,433],{"className":6332},[284,688],[205,6334,6335,6338,6356,6391],{},[223,6336,6337],{},"4 star",[223,6339,6340],{},[263,6341,6343],{"className":6342},[266],[263,6344,6346],{"className":6345,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,6347,6349,6352],{"className":6348},[275],[263,6350],{"className":6351,"style":5053},[279],[263,6353,6355],{"className":6354},[284],"150",[223,6357,6358],{},[263,6359,6361],{"className":6360},[266],[263,6362,6364],{"className":6363,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,6365,6367,6370,6373,6379,6382,6388],{"className":6366},[275],[263,6368],{"className":6369,"style":2978},[279],[263,6371,46],{"className":6372},[284],[263,6374,6376],{"className":6375},[284],[263,6377,491],{"className":6378},[490],[263,6380,2991],{"className":6381},[284],[263,6383,6385],{"className":6384},[284],[263,6386,491],{"className":6387},[490],[263,6389,2991],{"className":6390},[284],[223,6392,6393],{},[263,6394,6396],{"className":6395},[266],[263,6397,6399,6418],{"className":6398,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,6400,6402,6405,6409,6412,6415],{"className":6401},[275],[263,6403],{"className":6404,"style":280},[279],[263,6406,6408],{"className":6407},[284],"1.5",[263,6410],{"className":6411,"style":656},[495],[263,6413,3054],{"className":6414},[692],[263,6416],{"className":6417,"style":656},[495],[263,6419,6421,6424,6427],{"className":6420},[275],[263,6422],{"className":6423,"style":2899},[279],[263,6425,46],{"className":6426},[284],[263,6428,6430,6433],{"className":6429},[284],[263,6431,2909],{"className":6432},[284],[263,6434,6436],{"className":6435},[661],[263,6437,6439],{"className":6438},[665],[263,6440,6442],{"className":6441},[669],[263,6443,6445],{"className":6444,"style":2899},[673],[263,6446,6447,6450],{"style":676},[263,6448],{"className":6449,"style":681},[680],[263,6451,6453],{"className":6452},[685,686,687,688],[263,6454,6456,6459],{"className":6455},[284,688],[263,6457,285],{"className":6458},[284,688],[263,6460,433],{"className":6461},[284,688],[205,6463,6464,6467,6485,6520],{},[223,6465,6466],{},"5 star",[223,6468,6469],{},[263,6470,6472],{"className":6471},[266],[263,6473,6475],{"className":6474,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,6476,6478,6481],{"className":6477},[275],[263,6479],{"className":6480,"style":5053},[279],[263,6482,6484],{"className":6483},[284],"100",[223,6486,6487],{},[263,6488,6490],{"className":6489},[266],[263,6491,6493],{"className":6492,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,6494,6496,6499,6502,6508,6511,6517],{"className":6495},[275],[263,6497],{"className":6498,"style":2978},[279],[263,6500,46],{"className":6501},[284],[263,6503,6505],{"className":6504},[284],[263,6506,491],{"className":6507},[490],[263,6509,2991],{"className":6510},[284],[263,6512,6514],{"className":6513},[284],[263,6515,491],{"className":6516},[490],[263,6518,2991],{"className":6519},[284],[223,6521,6522],{},[263,6523,6525],{"className":6524},[266],[263,6526,6528,6547],{"className":6527,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,6529,6531,6534,6538,6541,6544],{"className":6530},[275],[263,6532],{"className":6533,"style":280},[279],[263,6535,6537],{"className":6536},[284],"1.0",[263,6539],{"className":6540,"style":656},[495],[263,6542,3054],{"className":6543},[692],[263,6545],{"className":6546,"style":656},[495],[263,6548,6550,6553,6556],{"className":6549},[275],[263,6551],{"className":6552,"style":2899},[279],[263,6554,46],{"className":6555},[284],[263,6557,6559,6562],{"className":6558},[284],[263,6560,2909],{"className":6561},[284],[263,6563,6565],{"className":6564},[661],[263,6566,6568],{"className":6567},[665],[263,6569,6571],{"className":6570},[669],[263,6572,6574],{"className":6573,"style":2899},[673],[263,6575,6576,6579],{"style":676},[263,6577],{"className":6578,"style":681},[680],[263,6580,6582],{"className":6581},[685,686,687,688],[263,6583,6585,6588],{"className":6584},[284,688],[263,6586,285],{"className":6587},[284,688],[263,6589,433],{"className":6590},[284,688],[11,6592,6593,6594,6636,6637,7007],{},"The per-class likelihoods ",[263,6595,6597],{"className":6596},[266],[263,6598,6600,6624],{"className":6599,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,6601,6603,6606,6609,6612,6615,6618,6621],{"className":6602},[275],[263,6604],{"className":6605,"style":475},[279],[263,6607,2343],{"className":6608,"style":2342},[284,655],[263,6610,857],{"className":6611},[479],[263,6613,865],{"className":6614,"style":864},[284,655],[263,6616],{"className":6617,"style":696},[495],[263,6619,5208],{"className":6620},[700],[263,6622],{"className":6623,"style":696},[495],[263,6625,6627,6630,6633],{"className":6626},[275],[263,6628],{"className":6629,"style":475},[279],[263,6631,5179],{"className":6632},[284,655],[263,6634,918],{"className":6635},[503]," sum to ",[263,6638,6640],{"className":6639},[266],[263,6641,6643,6743,6795,6816,6834,6852,6870,6891,6944,6963],{"className":6642,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,6644,6646,6650,6722,6725,6728,6731,6734,6737,6740],{"className":6645},[275],[263,6647],{"className":6648,"style":6649},[279],"height:1.0497em;vertical-align:-0.2997em;",[263,6651,6653,6656],{"className":6652},[800],[263,6654,807],{"className":6655,"style":806},[800,804,805],[263,6657,6659],{"className":6658},[661],[263,6660,6662,6714],{"className":6661},[665,726],[263,6663,6665,6711],{"className":6664},[669],[263,6666,6668],{"className":6667,"style":5334},[673],[263,6669,6670,6673],{"style":823},[263,6671],{"className":6672,"style":681},[680],[263,6674,6676],{"className":6675},[685,686,687,688],[263,6677,6679],{"className":6678},[284,688],[263,6680,6682,6685],{"className":6681},[284,688],[263,6683,5179],{"className":6684},[284,655,688],[263,6686,6688],{"className":6687},[661],[263,6689,6691],{"className":6690},[665],[263,6692,6694],{"className":6693},[669],[263,6695,6697],{"className":6696,"style":5364},[673],[263,6698,6699,6702],{"style":1962},[263,6700],{"className":6701,"style":1966},[680],[263,6703,6705],{"className":6704},[685,1970,1461,688],[263,6706,6708],{"className":6707},[284,688],[263,6709,5379],{"className":6710},[284,688],[263,6712,781],{"className":6713},[780],[263,6715,6717],{"className":6716},[669],[263,6718,6720],{"className":6719,"style":843},[673],[263,6721],{},[263,6723],{"className":6724,"style":496},[495],[263,6726,2343],{"className":6727,"style":2342},[284,655],[263,6729,857],{"className":6730},[479],[263,6732,865],{"className":6733,"style":864},[284,655],[263,6735],{"className":6736,"style":696},[495],[263,6738,5208],{"className":6739},[700],[263,6741],{"className":6742,"style":696},[495],[263,6744,6746,6750,6783,6786,6789,6792],{"className":6745},[275],[263,6747],{"className":6748,"style":6749},[279],"height:1.0019em;vertical-align:-0.25em;",[263,6751,6753,6756],{"className":6752},[284],[263,6754,5179],{"className":6755},[284,655],[263,6757,6759],{"className":6758},[661],[263,6760,6762],{"className":6761},[665],[263,6763,6765],{"className":6764},[669],[263,6766,6769],{"className":6767,"style":6768},[673],"height:0.7519em;",[263,6770,6771,6774],{"style":676},[263,6772],{"className":6773,"style":681},[680],[263,6775,6777],{"className":6776},[685,686,687,688],[263,6778,6780],{"className":6779},[284,688],[263,6781,5379],{"className":6782},[284,688],[263,6784,918],{"className":6785},[503],[263,6787],{"className":6788,"style":696},[495],[263,6790,701],{"className":6791},[700],[263,6793],{"className":6794,"style":696},[495],[263,6796,6798,6801,6804,6807,6810,6813],{"className":6797},[275],[263,6799],{"className":6800,"style":475},[279],[263,6802,857],{"className":6803},[479],[263,6805,6021],{"className":6806},[284],[263,6808],{"className":6809,"style":656},[495],[263,6811,306],{"className":6812},[692],[263,6814],{"className":6815,"style":656},[495],[263,6817,6819,6822,6825,6828,6831],{"className":6818},[275],[263,6820],{"className":6821,"style":280},[279],[263,6823,6150],{"className":6824},[284],[263,6826],{"className":6827,"style":656},[495],[263,6829,306],{"className":6830},[692],[263,6832],{"className":6833,"style":656},[495],[263,6835,6837,6840,6843,6846,6849],{"className":6836},[275],[263,6838],{"className":6839,"style":280},[279],[263,6841,6279],{"className":6842},[284],[263,6844],{"className":6845,"style":656},[495],[263,6847,306],{"className":6848},[692],[263,6850],{"className":6851,"style":656},[495],[263,6853,6855,6858,6861,6864,6867],{"className":6854},[275],[263,6856],{"className":6857,"style":280},[279],[263,6859,6408],{"className":6860},[284],[263,6862],{"className":6863,"style":656},[495],[263,6865,306],{"className":6866},[692],[263,6868],{"className":6869,"style":656},[495],[263,6871,6873,6876,6879,6882,6885,6888],{"className":6872},[275],[263,6874],{"className":6875,"style":475},[279],[263,6877,6537],{"className":6878},[284],[263,6880,918],{"className":6881},[503],[263,6883],{"className":6884,"style":656},[495],[263,6886,3054],{"className":6887},[692],[263,6889],{"className":6890,"style":656},[495],[263,6892,6894,6897,6900,6935,6938,6941],{"className":6893},[275],[263,6895],{"className":6896,"style":2899},[279],[263,6898,46],{"className":6899},[284],[263,6901,6903,6906],{"className":6902},[284],[263,6904,2909],{"className":6905},[284],[263,6907,6909],{"className":6908},[661],[263,6910,6912],{"className":6911},[665],[263,6913,6915],{"className":6914},[669],[263,6916,6918],{"className":6917,"style":2899},[673],[263,6919,6920,6923],{"style":676},[263,6921],{"className":6922,"style":681},[680],[263,6924,6926],{"className":6925},[685,686,687,688],[263,6927,6929,6932],{"className":6928},[284,688],[263,6930,285],{"className":6931},[284,688],[263,6933,433],{"className":6934},[284,688],[263,6936],{"className":6937,"style":696},[495],[263,6939,701],{"className":6940},[700],[263,6942],{"className":6943,"style":696},[495],[263,6945,6947,6950,6954,6957,6960],{"className":6946},[275],[263,6948],{"className":6949,"style":280},[279],[263,6951,6953],{"className":6952},[284],"1.4",[263,6955],{"className":6956,"style":656},[495],[263,6958,3054],{"className":6959},[692],[263,6961],{"className":6962,"style":656},[495],[263,6964,6966,6969,6972],{"className":6965},[275],[263,6967],{"className":6968,"style":2899},[279],[263,6970,46],{"className":6971},[284],[263,6973,6975,6978],{"className":6974},[284],[263,6976,2909],{"className":6977},[284],[263,6979,6981],{"className":6980},[661],[263,6982,6984],{"className":6983},[665],[263,6985,6987],{"className":6986},[669],[263,6988,6990],{"className":6989,"style":2899},[673],[263,6991,6992,6995],{"style":676},[263,6993],{"className":6994,"style":681},[680],[263,6996,6998],{"className":6997},[685,686,687,688],[263,6999,7001,7004],{"className":7000},[284,688],[263,7002,285],{"className":7003},[284,688],[263,7005,197],{"className":7006},[284,688],". The Potts score for each rating\nis that class's share of the total:",[263,7009,7011],{"className":7010},[1155],[263,7012,7014],{"className":7013},[266],[263,7015,7017,7059,7230,7285,7456],{"className":7016,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,7018,7020,7023,7029,7032,7038,7041,7044,7047,7050,7053,7056],{"className":7019},[275],[263,7021],{"className":7022,"style":475},[279],[263,7024,7026],{"className":7025},[800],[263,7027,5528],{"className":7028},[284,1413],[263,7030,857],{"className":7031},[479],[263,7033,7035],{"className":7034},[284,1203],[263,7036,5780],{"className":7037},[284],[263,7039,491],{"className":7040},[490],[263,7042],{"className":7043,"style":496},[495],[263,7045,46],{"className":7046},[284],[263,7048,918],{"className":7049},[503],[263,7051],{"className":7052,"style":696},[495],[263,7054,701],{"className":7055},[700],[263,7057],{"className":7058,"style":696},[495],[263,7060,7062,7065,7221,7224,7227],{"className":7061},[275],[263,7063],{"className":7064,"style":4025},[279],[263,7066,7068,7071,7218],{"className":7067},[284],[263,7069],{"className":7070},[479,718],[263,7072,7074],{"className":7073},[722],[263,7075,7077,7210],{"className":7076},[665,726],[263,7078,7080,7207],{"className":7079},[669],[263,7081,7083,7141,7149],{"className":7082,"style":3807},[673],[263,7084,7085,7088],{"style":1572},[263,7086],{"className":7087,"style":740},[680],[263,7089,7091,7094,7097,7100,7103,7106],{"className":7090},[284],[263,7092,6953],{"className":7093},[284],[263,7095],{"className":7096,"style":656},[495],[263,7098,3054],{"className":7099},[692],[263,7101],{"className":7102,"style":656},[495],[263,7104,46],{"className":7105},[284],[263,7107,7109,7112],{"className":7108},[284],[263,7110,2909],{"className":7111},[284],[263,7113,7115],{"className":7114},[661],[263,7116,7118],{"className":7117},[665],[263,7119,7121],{"className":7120},[669],[263,7122,7124],{"className":7123,"style":3852},[673],[263,7125,7126,7129],{"style":3855},[263,7127],{"className":7128,"style":681},[680],[263,7130,7132],{"className":7131},[685,686,687,688],[263,7133,7135,7138],{"className":7134},[284,688],[263,7136,285],{"className":7137},[284,688],[263,7139,197],{"className":7140},[284,688],[263,7142,7143,7146],{"style":753},[263,7144],{"className":7145,"style":740},[680],[263,7147],{"className":7148,"style":761},[760],[263,7150,7151,7154],{"style":1661},[263,7152],{"className":7153,"style":740},[680],[263,7155,7157,7160,7163,7166,7169,7172],{"className":7156},[284],[263,7158,6021],{"className":7159},[284],[263,7161],{"className":7162,"style":656},[495],[263,7164,3054],{"className":7165},[692],[263,7167],{"className":7168,"style":656},[495],[263,7170,46],{"className":7171},[284],[263,7173,7175,7178],{"className":7174},[284],[263,7176,2909],{"className":7177},[284],[263,7179,7181],{"className":7180},[661],[263,7182,7184],{"className":7183},[665],[263,7185,7187],{"className":7186},[669],[263,7188,7190],{"className":7189,"style":2899},[673],[263,7191,7192,7195],{"style":676},[263,7193],{"className":7194,"style":681},[680],[263,7196,7198],{"className":7197},[685,686,687,688],[263,7199,7201,7204],{"className":7200},[284,688],[263,7202,285],{"className":7203},[284,688],[263,7205,433],{"className":7206},[284,688],[263,7208,781],{"className":7209},[780],[263,7211,7213],{"className":7212},[669],[263,7214,7216],{"className":7215,"style":4224},[673],[263,7217],{},[263,7219],{"className":7220},[503,718],[263,7222],{"className":7223,"style":696},[495],[263,7225,701],{"className":7226},[700],[263,7228],{"className":7229,"style":696},[495],[263,7231,7233,7236,7240,7243,7246,7249,7255,7258,7264,7267,7270,7273,7276,7279,7282],{"className":7232},[275],[263,7234],{"className":7235,"style":475},[279],[263,7237,7239],{"className":7238},[284],"0.357",[263,7241,491],{"className":7242},[490],[263,7244],{"className":7245,"style":5518},[495],[263,7247],{"className":7248,"style":496},[495],[263,7250,7252],{"className":7251},[800],[263,7253,5528],{"className":7254},[284,1413],[263,7256,857],{"className":7257},[479],[263,7259,7261],{"className":7260},[284,1203],[263,7262,5780],{"className":7263},[284],[263,7265,491],{"className":7266},[490],[263,7268],{"className":7269,"style":496},[495],[263,7271,289],{"className":7272},[284],[263,7274,918],{"className":7275},[503],[263,7277],{"className":7278,"style":696},[495],[263,7280,701],{"className":7281},[700],[263,7283],{"className":7284,"style":696},[495],[263,7286,7288,7291,7447,7450,7453],{"className":7287},[275],[263,7289],{"className":7290,"style":4025},[279],[263,7292,7294,7297,7444],{"className":7293},[284],[263,7295],{"className":7296},[479,718],[263,7298,7300],{"className":7299},[722],[263,7301,7303,7436],{"className":7302},[665,726],[263,7304,7306,7433],{"className":7305},[669],[263,7307,7309,7367,7375],{"className":7308,"style":3807},[673],[263,7310,7311,7314],{"style":1572},[263,7312],{"className":7313,"style":740},[680],[263,7315,7317,7320,7323,7326,7329,7332],{"className":7316},[284],[263,7318,6953],{"className":7319},[284],[263,7321],{"className":7322,"style":656},[495],[263,7324,3054],{"className":7325},[692],[263,7327],{"className":7328,"style":656},[495],[263,7330,46],{"className":7331},[284],[263,7333,7335,7338],{"className":7334},[284],[263,7336,2909],{"className":7337},[284],[263,7339,7341],{"className":7340},[661],[263,7342,7344],{"className":7343},[665],[263,7345,7347],{"className":7346},[669],[263,7348,7350],{"className":7349,"style":3852},[673],[263,7351,7352,7355],{"style":3855},[263,7353],{"className":7354,"style":681},[680],[263,7356,7358],{"className":7357},[685,686,687,688],[263,7359,7361,7364],{"className":7360},[284,688],[263,7362,285],{"className":7363},[284,688],[263,7365,197],{"className":7366},[284,688],[263,7368,7369,7372],{"style":753},[263,7370],{"className":7371,"style":740},[680],[263,7373],{"className":7374,"style":761},[760],[263,7376,7377,7380],{"style":1661},[263,7378],{"className":7379,"style":740},[680],[263,7381,7383,7386,7389,7392,7395,7398],{"className":7382},[284],[263,7384,6537],{"className":7385},[284],[263,7387],{"className":7388,"style":656},[495],[263,7390,3054],{"className":7391},[692],[263,7393],{"className":7394,"style":656},[495],[263,7396,46],{"className":7397},[284],[263,7399,7401,7404],{"className":7400},[284],[263,7402,2909],{"className":7403},[284],[263,7405,7407],{"className":7406},[661],[263,7408,7410],{"className":7409},[665],[263,7411,7413],{"className":7412},[669],[263,7414,7416],{"className":7415,"style":2899},[673],[263,7417,7418,7421],{"style":676},[263,7419],{"className":7420,"style":681},[680],[263,7422,7424],{"className":7423},[685,686,687,688],[263,7425,7427,7430],{"className":7426},[284,688],[263,7428,285],{"className":7429},[284,688],[263,7431,433],{"className":7432},[284,688],[263,7434,781],{"className":7435},[780],[263,7437,7439],{"className":7438},[669],[263,7440,7442],{"className":7441,"style":4224},[673],[263,7443],{},[263,7445],{"className":7446},[503,718],[263,7448],{"className":7449,"style":696},[495],[263,7451,701],{"className":7452},[700],[263,7454],{"className":7455,"style":696},[495],[263,7457,7459,7462,7466],{"className":7458},[275],[263,7460],{"className":7461,"style":2978},[279],[263,7463,7465],{"className":7464},[284],"0.071",[263,7467,491],{"className":7468},[490],[11,7470,7471,7472,7488,7489,7505,7506,7522,7523,7580,7581,7596],{},"with the intermediate ratings at ",[263,7473,7475],{"className":7474},[266],[263,7476,7478],{"className":7477,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,7479,7481,7484],{"className":7480},[275],[263,7482],{"className":7483,"style":5053},[279],[263,7485,7487],{"className":7486},[284],"0.286",", ",[263,7490,7492],{"className":7491},[266],[263,7493,7495],{"className":7494,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,7496,7498,7501],{"className":7497},[275],[263,7499],{"className":7500,"style":5053},[279],[263,7502,7504],{"className":7503},[284],"0.179",", and ",[263,7507,7509],{"className":7508},[266],[263,7510,7512],{"className":7511,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,7513,7515,7518],{"className":7514},[275],[263,7516],{"className":7517,"style":5053},[279],[263,7519,7521],{"className":7520},[284],"0.107",". The profile\n",[263,7524,7526],{"className":7525},[266],[263,7527,7529],{"className":7528,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,7530,7532,7535,7538,7541,7544,7547,7550,7553,7556,7559,7562,7565,7568,7571,7574,7577],{"className":7531},[275],[263,7533],{"className":7534,"style":475},[279],[263,7536,480],{"className":7537},[479],[263,7539,7239],{"className":7540},[284],[263,7542,491],{"className":7543},[490],[263,7545],{"className":7546,"style":496},[495],[263,7548,7487],{"className":7549},[284],[263,7551,491],{"className":7552},[490],[263,7554],{"className":7555,"style":496},[495],[263,7557,7504],{"className":7558},[284],[263,7560,491],{"className":7561},[490],[263,7563],{"className":7564,"style":496},[495],[263,7566,7521],{"className":7567},[284],[263,7569,491],{"className":7570},[490],[263,7572],{"className":7573,"style":496},[495],[263,7575,7465],{"className":7576},[284],[263,7578,504],{"className":7579},[503]," falls monotonically from 1-star to 5-star — the\nreverse-J of a negative word — and it sums to ",[263,7582,7584],{"className":7583},[266],[263,7585,7587],{"className":7586,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,7588,7590,7593],{"className":7589},[275],[263,7591],{"className":7592,"style":5053},[279],[263,7594,46],{"className":7595},[284]," by construction, so it reads as a\ndistribution over ratings. Normalizing by class size is what makes this fair: without\ndividing by the tokens-per-class, a rating level that simply has more reviews would\ninflate every word's count there.",[102,7598],{"hash":7599},"b97cd813cdbf9245eb0da5413543365eca8d516ce84cd153f45636c8801fac6c",[11,7601,7602,7603,7606,7607,7609,7610,7613,7614,7617,7618,7620,7621,7624,7625,7627,7628],{},"Plot the profile across ratings and the ",[20,7604,7605],{},"shape"," tells you the word's sentiment.\nStrongly positive scalars (",[20,7608,52],{},") trace a rising ",[29,7611,7612],{},"J","; strongly negative\nscalars (",[20,7615,7616],{},"terrible",") trace a reverse ",[29,7619,7612],{},"; weakly polarized words (",[20,7622,7623],{},"good",",\n",[20,7626,5780],{},") make a hump, peaked just above or just below the middle.",[38,7629,7630],{},[14,7631,7635],{"href":7632,"ariaDescribedBy":7633,"dataFootnoteRef":6,"id":7634},"#user-content-fn-jm-potts",[44],"user-content-fnref-jm-potts","11",[102,7637],{"hash":7638},"7ffc51a982e2776c19690014b6ea6cbefba7025a43c2232317754d07e5159199",[11,7640,7641,7642,7645,7646,7649,7650,7667,7668,7671,7672,7675,7676,7679,7680,7683,7684,411],{},"When the goal is instead to find the words that most ",[20,7643,7644],{},"distinguish"," two classes\n(1-star versus 5-star, Democrat versus Republican), raw frequency differences\nmislead: every difference looks big for frequent words and small for rare ones.\nThe ",[29,7647,7648],{},"log-odds-ratio with an informative Dirichlet prior"," fixes this by shrinking\ncounts toward a large background corpus and reporting a ",[263,7651,7653],{"className":7652},[266],[263,7654,7656],{"className":7655,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,7657,7659,7662],{"className":7658},[275],[263,7660],{"className":7661,"style":1387},[279],[263,7663,7666],{"className":7664,"style":7665},[284,655],"margin-right:0.044em;","z","-score, so the words it\nsurfaces are genuinely over-represented, not just common. Applied to a Yelp\ncorpus, it recovers the obvious sentiment words (1-star: ",[20,7669,7670],{},"worst, awful","; 5-star:\n",[20,7673,7674],{},"amazing, delicious",") but also subtler tells — 1-star reviews use logical\nnegation (",[20,7677,7678],{},"no, not",") and first-person plural (",[20,7681,7682],{},"we, us","), 5-star reviews use\nemphatics (",[20,7685,7686],{},"very, highly, always",[71,7688,7690],{"id":7689},"using-a-lexicon","Using a lexicon",[11,7692,7693,7694,7702,7703,7706,7707,115,7774,7837,7838,123],{},"Two uses, matching the two data regimes.",[38,7695,7696],{},[14,7697,7701],{"href":7698,"ariaDescribedBy":7699,"dataFootnoteRef":6,"id":7700},"#user-content-fn-jm-using",[44],"user-content-fnref-jm-using","12"," With ",[29,7704,7705],{},"no training data",",\nrun a rule-based classifier: count positive-lexicon words and negative-lexicon\nwords in the document and pick the majority. If the lexicon carries weights\n",[263,7708,7710],{"className":7709},[266],[263,7711,7713],{"className":7712,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,7714,7716,7720],{"className":7715},[275],[263,7717],{"className":7718,"style":7719},[279],"height:1.0183em;vertical-align:-0.247em;",[263,7721,7723,7727],{"className":7722},[284],[263,7724,7726],{"className":7725,"style":1945},[284,655],"θ",[263,7728,7730],{"className":7729},[661],[263,7731,7733,7765],{"className":7732},[665,726],[263,7734,7736,7762],{"className":7735},[669],[263,7737,7739,7751],{"className":7738,"style":648},[673],[263,7740,7742,7745],{"style":7741},"top:-2.453em;margin-left:-0.0278em;margin-right:0.05em;",[263,7743],{"className":7744,"style":681},[680],[263,7746,7748],{"className":7747},[685,686,687,688],[263,7749,865],{"className":7750,"style":864},[284,655,688],[263,7752,7753,7756],{"style":676},[263,7754],{"className":7755,"style":681},[680],[263,7757,7759],{"className":7758},[685,686,687,688],[263,7760,306],{"className":7761},[692,688],[263,7763,781],{"className":7764},[780],[263,7766,7768],{"className":7767},[669],[263,7769,7772],{"className":7770,"style":7771},[673],"height:0.247em;",[263,7773],{},[263,7775,7777],{"className":7776},[266],[263,7778,7780],{"className":7779,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,7781,7783,7786],{"className":7782},[275],[263,7784],{"className":7785,"style":7719},[279],[263,7787,7789,7792],{"className":7788},[284],[263,7790,7726],{"className":7791,"style":1945},[284,655],[263,7793,7795],{"className":7794},[661],[263,7796,7798,7829],{"className":7797},[665,726],[263,7799,7801,7826],{"className":7800},[669],[263,7802,7804,7815],{"className":7803,"style":648},[673],[263,7805,7806,7809],{"style":7741},[263,7807],{"className":7808,"style":681},[680],[263,7810,7812],{"className":7811},[685,686,687,688],[263,7813,865],{"className":7814,"style":864},[284,655,688],[263,7816,7817,7820],{"style":676},[263,7818],{"className":7819,"style":681},[680],[263,7821,7823],{"className":7822},[685,686,687,688],[263,7824,285],{"className":7825},[692,688],[263,7827,781],{"className":7828},[780],[263,7830,7832],{"className":7831},[669],[263,7833,7835],{"className":7834,"style":7771},[673],[263,7836],{},", sum those instead, and classify by the ratio\nagainst a threshold ",[263,7839,7841],{"className":7840},[266],[263,7842,7844],{"className":7843,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,7845,7847,7850],{"className":7846},[275],[263,7848],{"className":7849,"style":1800},[279],[263,7851,7853],{"className":7852},[284,655],"λ",[263,7855,7857],{"className":7856},[1155],[263,7858,7860],{"className":7859},[266],[263,7861,7863,7916,8144,8334],{"className":7862,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,7864,7866,7870,7901,7904,7907,7910,7913],{"className":7865},[275],[263,7867],{"className":7868,"style":7869},[279],"height:1.0158em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;",[263,7871,7873,7878],{"className":7872},[284],[263,7874,7877],{"className":7875,"style":7876},[284,655],"margin-right:0.1076em;","f",[263,7879,7881],{"className":7880},[661],[263,7882,7884],{"className":7883},[665],[263,7885,7887],{"className":7886},[669],[263,7888,7890],{"className":7889,"style":1253},[673],[263,7891,7892,7895],{"style":1256},[263,7893],{"className":7894,"style":681},[680],[263,7896,7898],{"className":7897},[685,686,687,688],[263,7899,306],{"className":7900},[692,688],[263,7902],{"className":7903,"style":696},[495],[263,7905,701],{"className":7906},[700],[263,7908],{"className":7909,"style":1450},[495],[263,7911],{"className":7912,"style":1450},[495],[263,7914],{"className":7915,"style":696},[495],[263,7917,7919,7923,8010,8013,8016,8019,8070,8073,8076,8082,8085,8088,8091,8094,8097,8100,8129,8132,8135,8138,8141],{"className":7918},[275],[263,7920],{"className":7921,"style":7922},[279],"height:2.3852em;vertical-align:-1.3352em;",[263,7924,7927],{"className":7925},[800,7926],"op-limits",[263,7928,7930,8001],{"className":7929},[665,726],[263,7931,7933,7998],{"className":7932},[669],[263,7934,7937,7986],{"className":7935,"style":7936},[673],"height:1.05em;",[263,7938,7940,7944],{"style":7939},"top:-1.8421em;margin-left:0em;",[263,7941],{"className":7942,"style":7943},[680],"height:3.05em;",[263,7945,7947],{"className":7946},[685,686,687,688],[263,7948,7950,7953,7956],{"className":7949},[284,688],[263,7951,865],{"className":7952,"style":864},[284,655,688],[263,7954,5383],{"className":7955},[700,688],[263,7957,7959,7963],{"className":7958},[284,688],[263,7960,7962],{"className":7961},[284,655,688],"L",[263,7964,7966],{"className":7965},[661],[263,7967,7969],{"className":7968},[665],[263,7970,7972],{"className":7971},[669],[263,7973,7975],{"className":7974,"style":1959},[673],[263,7976,7977,7980],{"style":1962},[263,7978],{"className":7979,"style":1966},[680],[263,7981,7983],{"className":7982},[685,1970,1461,688],[263,7984,306],{"className":7985},[692,688],[263,7987,7989,7992],{"style":7988},"top:-3.05em;",[263,7990],{"className":7991,"style":7943},[680],[263,7993,7994],{},[263,7995,807],{"className":7996},[800,804,7997],"large-op",[263,7999,781],{"className":8000},[780],[263,8002,8004],{"className":8003},[669],[263,8005,8008],{"className":8006,"style":8007},[673],"height:1.3352em;",[263,8009],{},[263,8011],{"className":8012,"style":1450},[495],[263,8014],{"className":8015,"style":1450},[495],[263,8017],{"className":8018,"style":496},[495],[263,8020,8022,8025],{"className":8021},[284],[263,8023,7726],{"className":8024,"style":1945},[284,655],[263,8026,8028],{"className":8027},[661],[263,8029,8031,8062],{"className":8030},[665,726],[263,8032,8034,8059],{"className":8033},[669],[263,8035,8037,8048],{"className":8036,"style":1253},[673],[263,8038,8039,8042],{"style":7741},[263,8040],{"className":8041,"style":681},[680],[263,8043,8045],{"className":8044},[685,686,687,688],[263,8046,865],{"className":8047,"style":864},[284,655,688],[263,8049,8050,8053],{"style":1256},[263,8051],{"className":8052,"style":681},[680],[263,8054,8056],{"className":8055},[685,686,687,688],[263,8057,306],{"className":8058},[692,688],[263,8060,781],{"className":8061},[780],[263,8063,8065],{"className":8064},[669],[263,8066,8068],{"className":8067,"style":7771},[673],[263,8069],{},[263,8071],{"className":8072,"style":496},[495],[263,8074],{"className":8075,"style":496},[495],[263,8077,8079],{"className":8078},[800],[263,8080,5408],{"className":8081},[284,1413],[263,8083,857],{"className":8084},[479],[263,8086,865],{"className":8087,"style":864},[284,655],[263,8089,918],{"className":8090},[503],[263,8092,491],{"className":8093},[490],[263,8095],{"className":8096,"style":5518},[495],[263,8098],{"className":8099,"style":496},[495],[263,8101,8103,8106],{"className":8102},[284],[263,8104,7877],{"className":8105,"style":7876},[284,655],[263,8107,8109],{"className":8108},[661],[263,8110,8112],{"className":8111},[665],[263,8113,8115],{"className":8114},[669],[263,8116,8118],{"className":8117,"style":1253},[673],[263,8119,8120,8123],{"style":1256},[263,8121],{"className":8122,"style":681},[680],[263,8124,8126],{"className":8125},[685,686,687,688],[263,8127,285],{"className":8128},[692,688],[263,8130],{"className":8131,"style":696},[495],[263,8133,701],{"className":8134},[700],[263,8136],{"className":8137,"style":1450},[495],[263,8139],{"className":8140,"style":1450},[495],[263,8142],{"className":8143,"style":696},[495],[263,8145,8147,8150,8229,8232,8235,8238,8289,8292,8295,8301,8304,8307,8310,8313,8316,8319,8325,8328,8331],{"className":8146},[275],[263,8148],{"className":8149,"style":7922},[279],[263,8151,8153],{"className":8152},[800,7926],[263,8154,8156,8221],{"className":8155},[665,726],[263,8157,8159,8218],{"className":8158},[669],[263,8160,8162,8208],{"className":8161,"style":7936},[673],[263,8163,8164,8167],{"style":7939},[263,8165],{"className":8166,"style":7943},[680],[263,8168,8170],{"className":8169},[685,686,687,688],[263,8171,8173,8176,8179],{"className":8172},[284,688],[263,8174,865],{"className":8175,"style":864},[284,655,688],[263,8177,5383],{"className":8178},[700,688],[263,8180,8182,8185],{"className":8181},[284,688],[263,8183,7962],{"className":8184},[284,655,688],[263,8186,8188],{"className":8187},[661],[263,8189,8191],{"className":8190},[665],[263,8192,8194],{"className":8193},[669],[263,8195,8197],{"className":8196,"style":1959},[673],[263,8198,8199,8202],{"style":1962},[263,8200],{"className":8201,"style":1966},[680],[263,8203,8205],{"className":8204},[685,1970,1461,688],[263,8206,285],{"className":8207},[692,688],[263,8209,8210,8213],{"style":7988},[263,8211],{"className":8212,"style":7943},[680],[263,8214,8215],{},[263,8216,807],{"className":8217},[800,804,7997],[263,8219,781],{"className":8220},[780],[263,8222,8224],{"className":8223},[669],[263,8225,8227],{"className":8226,"style":8007},[673],[263,8228],{},[263,8230],{"className":8231,"style":1450},[495],[263,8233],{"className":8234,"style":1450},[495],[263,8236],{"className":8237,"style":496},[495],[263,8239,8241,8244],{"className":8240},[284],[263,8242,7726],{"className":8243,"style":1945},[284,655],[263,8245,8247],{"className":8246},[661],[263,8248,8250,8281],{"className":8249},[665,726],[263,8251,8253,8278],{"className":8252},[669],[263,8254,8256,8267],{"className":8255,"style":1253},[673],[263,8257,8258,8261],{"style":7741},[263,8259],{"className":8260,"style":681},[680],[263,8262,8264],{"className":8263},[685,686,687,688],[263,8265,865],{"className":8266,"style":864},[284,655,688],[263,8268,8269,8272],{"style":1256},[263,8270],{"className":8271,"style":681},[680],[263,8273,8275],{"className":8274},[685,686,687,688],[263,8276,285],{"className":8277},[692,688],[263,8279,781],{"className":8280},[780],[263,8282,8284],{"className":8283},[669],[263,8285,8287],{"className":8286,"style":7771},[673],[263,8288],{},[263,8290],{"className":8291,"style":496},[495],[263,8293],{"className":8294,"style":496},[495],[263,8296,8298],{"className":8297},[800],[263,8299,5408],{"className":8300},[284,1413],[263,8302,857],{"className":8303},[479],[263,8305,865],{"className":8306,"style":864},[284,655],[263,8308,918],{"className":8309},[503],[263,8311,491],{"className":8312},[490],[263,8314],{"className":8315,"style":5518},[495],[263,8317],{"className":8318,"style":496},[495],[263,8320,8322],{"className":8321},[284,1203],[263,8323,185],{"className":8324},[284],[263,8326],{"className":8327,"style":696},[495],[263,8329,701],{"className":8330},[700],[263,8332],{"className":8333,"style":696},[495],[263,8335,8337,8341],{"className":8336},[275],[263,8338],{"className":8339,"style":8340},[279],"height:4.32em;vertical-align:-1.91em;",[263,8342,8345,8447,8742],{"className":8343},[8344],"minner",[263,8346,8348],{"className":8347},[479],[263,8349,8352],{"className":8350},[1460,8351],"mult",[263,8353,8355,8438],{"className":8354},[665,726],[263,8356,8358,8435],{"className":8357},[669],[263,8359,8362,8377,8399,8411,8423],{"className":8360,"style":8361},[673],"height:2.35em;",[263,8363,8365,8369],{"style":8364},"top:-2.2em;",[263,8366],{"className":8367,"style":8368},[680],"height:3.15em;",[263,8370,8374],{"className":8371},[8372,8373],"delimsizinginner","delim-size4",[263,8375,8376],{},"⎩",[263,8378,8380,8383],{"style":8379},"top:-2.192em;",[263,8381],{"className":8382,"style":8368},[680],[263,8384,8386],{"style":8385},"height:0.316em;width:0.8889em;",[8387,8388,8395],"svg",{"xmlns":8389,"width":8390,"height":8391,"style":8392,"viewBox":8393,"preserveAspectRatio":8394},"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg","0.8889em","0.316em","width:0.8889em","0 0 888.89 316","xMinYMin",[8396,8397],"path",{"d":8398},"M384 0 H504 V316 H384z M384 0 H504 V316 H384z",[263,8400,8402,8405],{"style":8401},"top:-3.15em;",[263,8403],{"className":8404,"style":8368},[680],[263,8406,8408],{"className":8407},[8372,8373],[263,8409,8410],{},"⎨",[263,8412,8414,8417],{"style":8413},"top:-4.292em;",[263,8415],{"className":8416,"style":8368},[680],[263,8418,8419],{"style":8385},[8387,8420,8421],{"xmlns":8389,"width":8390,"height":8391,"style":8392,"viewBox":8393,"preserveAspectRatio":8394},[8396,8422],{"d":8398},[263,8424,8426,8429],{"style":8425},"top:-4.6em;",[263,8427],{"className":8428,"style":8368},[680],[263,8430,8432],{"className":8431},[8372,8373],[263,8433,8434],{},"⎧",[263,8436,781],{"className":8437},[780],[263,8439,8441],{"className":8440},[669],[263,8442,8445],{"className":8443,"style":8444},[673],"height:1.85em;",[263,8446],{},[263,8448,8450],{"className":8449},[284],[263,8451,8454,8517,8522],{"className":8452},[8453],"mtable",[263,8455,8458],{"className":8456},[8457],"col-align-l",[263,8459,8461,8508],{"className":8460},[665,726],[263,8462,8464,8505],{"className":8463},[669],[263,8465,8468,8481,8493],{"className":8466,"style":8467},[673],"height:2.41em;",[263,8469,8471,8475],{"style":8470},"top:-4.41em;",[263,8472],{"className":8473,"style":8474},[680],"height:3.008em;",[263,8476,8478],{"className":8477},[284],[263,8479,306],{"className":8480},[284],[263,8482,8484,8487],{"style":8483},"top:-2.97em;",[263,8485],{"className":8486,"style":8474},[680],[263,8488,8490],{"className":8489},[284],[263,8491,285],{"className":8492},[284],[263,8494,8496,8499],{"style":8495},"top:-1.53em;",[263,8497],{"className":8498,"style":8474},[680],[263,8500,8502],{"className":8501},[284],[263,8503,2909],{"className":8504},[284],[263,8506,781],{"className":8507},[780],[263,8509,8511],{"className":8510},[669],[263,8512,8515],{"className":8513,"style":8514},[673],"height:1.91em;",[263,8516],{},[263,8518],{"className":8519,"style":8521},[8520],"arraycolsep","width:1em;",[263,8523,8525],{"className":8524},[8457],[263,8526,8528,8734],{"className":8527},[665,726],[263,8529,8531,8731],{"className":8530},[669],[263,8532,8534,8626,8716],{"className":8533,"style":8467},[673],[263,8535,8536,8539],{"style":8470},[263,8537],{"className":8538,"style":8474},[680],[263,8540,8542,8549,8578,8581,8610,8613,8617,8620,8623],{"className":8541},[284],[263,8543,8545],{"className":8544},[284,1203],[263,8546,8548],{"className":8547},[284],"if ",[263,8550,8552,8555],{"className":8551},[284],[263,8553,7877],{"className":8554,"style":7876},[284,655],[263,8556,8558],{"className":8557},[661],[263,8559,8561],{"className":8560},[665],[263,8562,8564],{"className":8563},[669],[263,8565,8567],{"className":8566,"style":648},[673],[263,8568,8569,8572],{"style":676},[263,8570],{"className":8571,"style":681},[680],[263,8573,8575],{"className":8574},[685,686,687,688],[263,8576,306],{"className":8577},[692,688],[263,8579,5936],{"className":8580},[284],[263,8582,8584,8587],{"className":8583},[284],[263,8585,7877],{"className":8586,"style":7876},[284,655],[263,8588,8590],{"className":8589},[661],[263,8591,8593],{"className":8592},[665],[263,8594,8596],{"className":8595},[669],[263,8597,8599],{"className":8598,"style":648},[673],[263,8600,8601,8604],{"style":676},[263,8602],{"className":8603,"style":681},[680],[263,8605,8607],{"className":8606},[685,686,687,688],[263,8608,285],{"className":8609},[692,688],[263,8611],{"className":8612,"style":696},[495],[263,8614,8616],{"className":8615},[700],">",[263,8618],{"className":8619,"style":696},[495],[263,8621,7853],{"className":8622},[284,655],[263,8624,491],{"className":8625},[490],[263,8627,8628,8631],{"style":8483},[263,8629],{"className":8630,"style":8474},[680],[263,8632,8634,8640,8669,8672,8701,8704,8707,8710,8713],{"className":8633},[284],[263,8635,8637],{"className":8636},[284,1203],[263,8638,8548],{"className":8639},[284],[263,8641,8643,8646],{"className":8642},[284],[263,8644,7877],{"className":8645,"style":7876},[284,655],[263,8647,8649],{"className":8648},[661],[263,8650,8652],{"className":8651},[665],[263,8653,8655],{"className":8654},[669],[263,8656,8658],{"className":8657,"style":648},[673],[263,8659,8660,8663],{"style":676},[263,8661],{"className":8662,"style":681},[680],[263,8664,8666],{"className":8665},[685,686,687,688],[263,8667,285],{"className":8668},[692,688],[263,8670,5936],{"className":8671},[284],[263,8673,8675,8678],{"className":8674},[284],[263,8676,7877],{"className":8677,"style":7876},[284,655],[263,8679,8681],{"className":8680},[661],[263,8682,8684],{"className":8683},[665],[263,8685,8687],{"className":8686},[669],[263,8688,8690],{"className":8689,"style":648},[673],[263,8691,8692,8695],{"style":676},[263,8693],{"className":8694,"style":681},[680],[263,8696,8698],{"className":8697},[685,686,687,688],[263,8699,306],{"className":8700},[692,688],[263,8702],{"className":8703,"style":696},[495],[263,8705,8616],{"className":8706},[700],[263,8708],{"className":8709,"style":696},[495],[263,8711,7853],{"className":8712},[284,655],[263,8714,491],{"className":8715},[490],[263,8717,8718,8721],{"style":8495},[263,8719],{"className":8720,"style":8474},[680],[263,8722,8724],{"className":8723},[284],[263,8725,8727],{"className":8726},[284,1203],[263,8728,8730],{"className":8729},[284],"otherwise.",[263,8732,781],{"className":8733},[780],[263,8735,8737],{"className":8736},[669],[263,8738,8740],{"className":8739,"style":8514},[673],[263,8741],{},[263,8743],{"className":8744},[503,718],[11,8746,8747,8748,8751,8752,8756,8757,8772,8773,8912,8913,8978],{},"With ",[29,8749,8750],{},"training data",", the lexicon becomes a small set of features feeding a\n",[14,8753,8755],{"href":8754},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fclassification\u002Flogistic-regression","logistic-regression","\nor SVM classifier, alongside the raw words. The simplest lexicon feature is an\nindicator — 1 if the document contains any word from lexicon ",[263,8758,8760],{"className":8759},[266],[263,8761,8763],{"className":8762,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,8764,8766,8769],{"className":8765},[275],[263,8767],{"className":8768,"style":2878},[279],[263,8770,7962],{"className":8771},[284,655]," — or a count,\n",[263,8774,8776],{"className":8775},[266],[263,8777,8779,8837],{"className":8778,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,8780,8782,8786,8828,8831,8834],{"className":8781},[275],[263,8783],{"className":8784,"style":8785},[279],"height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;",[263,8787,8789,8792],{"className":8788},[284],[263,8790,7877],{"className":8791,"style":7876},[284,655],[263,8793,8795],{"className":8794},[661],[263,8796,8798,8820],{"className":8797},[665,726],[263,8799,8801,8817],{"className":8800},[669],[263,8802,8805],{"className":8803,"style":8804},[673],"height:0.3283em;",[263,8806,8808,8811],{"style":8807},"top:-2.55em;margin-left:-0.1076em;margin-right:0.05em;",[263,8809],{"className":8810,"style":681},[680],[263,8812,8814],{"className":8813},[685,686,687,688],[263,8815,7962],{"className":8816},[284,655,688],[263,8818,781],{"className":8819},[780],[263,8821,8823],{"className":8822},[669],[263,8824,8826],{"className":8825,"style":1216},[673],[263,8827],{},[263,8829],{"className":8830,"style":696},[495],[263,8832,701],{"className":8833},[700],[263,8835],{"className":8836,"style":696},[495],[263,8838,8840,8844,8894,8897,8903,8906,8909],{"className":8839},[275],[263,8841],{"className":8842,"style":8843},[279],"height:1.0771em;vertical-align:-0.3271em;",[263,8845,8847,8850],{"className":8846},[800],[263,8848,807],{"className":8849,"style":806},[800,804,805],[263,8851,8853],{"className":8852},[661],[263,8854,8856,8886],{"className":8855},[665,726],[263,8857,8859,8883],{"className":8858},[669],[263,8860,8863],{"className":8861,"style":8862},[673],"height:0.1786em;",[263,8864,8865,8868],{"style":823},[263,8866],{"className":8867,"style":681},[680],[263,8869,8871],{"className":8870},[685,686,687,688],[263,8872,8874,8877,8880],{"className":8873},[284,688],[263,8875,865],{"className":8876,"style":864},[284,655,688],[263,8878,5383],{"className":8879},[700,688],[263,8881,7962],{"className":8882},[284,655,688],[263,8884,781],{"className":8885},[780],[263,8887,8889],{"className":8888},[669],[263,8890,8892],{"className":8891,"style":5396},[673],[263,8893],{},[263,8895],{"className":8896,"style":496},[495],[263,8898,8900],{"className":8899},[800],[263,8901,5408],{"className":8902},[284,1413],[263,8904,857],{"className":8905},[479],[263,8907,865],{"className":8908,"style":864},[284,655],[263,8910,918],{"className":8911},[503],", optionally weighted by\n",[263,8914,8916],{"className":8915},[266],[263,8917,8919],{"className":8918,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,8920,8922,8926],{"className":8921},[275],[263,8923],{"className":8924,"style":8925},[279],"height:1.0883em;vertical-align:-0.247em;",[263,8927,8929,8932],{"className":8928},[284],[263,8930,7726],{"className":8931,"style":1945},[284,655],[263,8933,8935],{"className":8934},[661],[263,8936,8938,8970],{"className":8937},[665,726],[263,8939,8941,8967],{"className":8940},[669],[263,8942,8945,8956],{"className":8943,"style":8944},[673],"height:0.8413em;",[263,8946,8947,8950],{"style":7741},[263,8948],{"className":8949,"style":681},[680],[263,8951,8953],{"className":8952},[685,686,687,688],[263,8954,865],{"className":8955,"style":864},[284,655,688],[263,8957,8958,8961],{"style":676},[263,8959],{"className":8960,"style":681},[680],[263,8962,8964],{"className":8963},[685,686,687,688],[263,8965,7962],{"className":8966},[284,655,688],[263,8968,781],{"className":8969},[780],[263,8971,8973],{"className":8972},[669],[263,8974,8976],{"className":8975,"style":7771},[673],[263,8977],{},". This is the affect-recognition recipe too: label a training set for\nwhatever affective category you want (emotion, personality), extract word,\nbigram, and lexicon-count features, and train a standard classifier. When the\ntraining set is large and matched to the test set, using all the words as\nfeatures is very hard to beat; lexicon features help when data is\nsparse or the domains differ.",[71,8980,8982],{"id":8981},"connotation-frames","Connotation frames",[11,8984,8985,8986,8989,8990,8993,8994,1313,8997,9005],{},"Every lexicon so far pins a word to a point in affect space — one score, or one\ntriple. A ",[29,8987,8988],{},"connotation frame"," records something structurally richer: the\nsentiment a ",[20,8991,8992],{},"predicate"," implies about each of its ",[20,8995,8996],{},"arguments",[38,8998,8999],{},[14,9000,9004],{"href":9001,"ariaDescribedBy":9002,"dataFootnoteRef":6,"id":9003},"#user-content-fn-jm-conno",[44],"user-content-fnref-jm-conno","13"," It\ncombines the affect lexicon with the frame-semantic idea that a verb has slots\n(agent, theme) each playing a role.",[11,9007,9008,9009,9016,9017,9020,9021,9028,9029,9032],{},"Consider ",[183,9010,9011,9012,9015],{},"Country A ",[29,9013,9014],{},"violated"," the sovereignty of Country B."," The verb\n",[20,9018,9019],{},"violate"," does more than express negativity; it takes a stance. It casts the\nobject (Country B) as a sympathetic victim, the subject (Country A) as the\nantagonist, and signals the writer's sympathy with B and antagonism toward A —\nall before you know anything about the countries. Contrast ",[183,9022,9023,9024,9027],{},"the teenager ",[29,9025,9026],{},"survived"," the bombing",": ",[20,9030,9031],{},"survive"," makes its subject the sympathetic party and\nmarks the event as a hardship. The connotation is part of the verb's meaning.",[102,9034],{"hash":9035},"2c527fb56938c7293ee660b66095e3f765cf3e81636cab3c54cb60b024d1b2f8",[11,9037,9038,9039,9042,9043,9046,9047,9050,9051,9054,9055,9058,9059,9062,9063,9066,9067,9070],{},"The frame lexicons of Rashkin and Sap record several such relations per verb:\nthe writer's sentiment toward each role, the effect on each role (something bad\nhappened to it), its value, its mental state, the ",[29,9040,9041],{},"power"," differential (",[20,9044,9045],{},"implore","\nimplies the agent has ",[20,9048,9049],{},"less"," power than the theme; ",[20,9052,9053],{},"demand"," implies more), and\nthe ",[29,9056,9057],{},"agency"," of each argument (",[20,9060,9061],{},"waited"," is low-agency, ",[20,9064,9065],{},"determined"," is high).\nTrained on such a lexicon, an entity-centric analysis of a novel or a plot\nsummary can chart each character: run it on ",[20,9068,9069],{},"The Dark Knight"," and Batman comes\nout high-power, the Joker high-agency but low-sentiment, the love interest\nlow-power but high-sentiment — the affective structure of the story recovered\nfrom the connotations of its verbs.",[125,9072,9073],{"type":127},[11,9074,9075,9078],{},[29,9076,9077],{},"Definition (Connotation frame)."," A lexicon entry for a predicate that\nrecords the affective relations it implies among its arguments — the writer's\nsentiment toward each role, and relations like power and agency between them —\nrather than a single sentiment score for the word in isolation.",[71,9080,9082],{"id":9081},"from-lexicons-to-contextual-sentiment","From lexicons to contextual sentiment",[11,9084,9085],{},"A lexicon assigns a word one fixed score regardless of context, and that assumption\nis both its strength and its main limitation. Two lines of work past Jurafsky & Martin's core push\nagainst it while keeping the lexicon useful.",[11,9087,9088,9089,9092,9093,9101,9102,9104,9105,9108,9109,9112,9113,9116,9117,9119,9120,9123],{},"The first refines rule-based counting so it works on real text. ",[29,9090,9091],{},"VADER"," (Hutto &\nGilbert, 2014, ICWSM) is a hand-tuned, valence-aware lexicon-and-rules system built\nfor social media.",[38,9094,9095],{},[14,9096,9100],{"href":9097,"ariaDescribedBy":9098,"dataFootnoteRef":6,"id":9099},"#user-content-fn-vader",[44],"user-content-fnref-vader","14"," It starts from a crowd-scored lexicon but adds rules that a\nplain count ignores: punctuation and capitalization amplify intensity (",[404,9103,7623],{}," versus\n",[404,9106,9107],{},"GOOD!!!","), degree modifiers scale it (",[404,9110,9111],{},"extremely"," up, ",[404,9114,9115],{},"marginally"," down), a\ncontrastive ",[20,9118,5110],{}," shifts the weight to the second clause, and — the case pure counting\ngets backwards — negation flips polarity, so ",[404,9121,9122],{},"not good"," is scored negative rather than\nas a positive word plus a negative one. Each is a failure mode of the\nthreshold classifier this lesson opened with, here handled by rules rather than learning,\nand VADER remains a strong zero-training-data baseline for short informal text.",[11,9125,9126,9127,9131,9132,9135,9136,9144,9145,9148,9149,9152,9153,115,9156,9158],{},"The second line drops fixed scores entirely. A ",[14,9128,9130],{"href":9129},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ftransformers\u002Ftransformers-and-attention","transformer","\nsentiment classifier — a pretrained encoder such as BERT (Devlin et al., 2019, NAACL)\nfine-tuned on labeled reviews — represents each word ",[20,9133,9134],{},"in context",", so the same word\ntakes different values in different sentences.",[38,9137,9138],{},[14,9139,9143],{"href":9140,"ariaDescribedBy":9141,"dataFootnoteRef":6,"id":9142},"#user-content-fn-devlin-sent",[44],"user-content-fnref-devlin-sent","15"," This resolves the case a\nlexicon cannot: ",[20,9146,9147],{},"sick"," is negative in ",[183,9150,9151],{},"I feel sick"," and positive in ",[183,9154,9155],{},"that trick was sick,",[20,9157,5070],{}," praises a plot but pans a car. A fixed lexicon must pick\none sign; a contextual model reads the sign off the sentence. On benchmark sentiment\ntasks with adequate labeled data, these models are the accurate choice.",[11,9160,9161,9162,9165],{},"Lexicons remain useful for three reasons, each a limit of the\nneural approach. They need no training data, which matters for a new language or\ngenre; they are interpretable, so you can read ",[20,9163,9164],{},"why"," a document scored as it did,\nwhich matters in the social-science settings LIWC and connotation frames were built\nfor; and they still supply useful features to a supervised model when labeled data is\nsparse. The methods in this lesson complement representation learning rather than\ncompete with it — and the semi-supervised induction methods, which run on\nthe same embedding geometry the neural models are built from, are the bridge between\nthe two.",[71,9167,9169],{"id":9168},"where-this-sits","Where this sits",[11,9171,9172,9173,9176],{},"Word-level affect is the layer beneath document sentiment. Naive Bayes and\nlogistic regression pool words into a document label; a lexicon says what those\nwords mean one at a time, and can feed that meaning back as features or, with no\ntraining data at all, classify by counting. The semi-supervised induction\nmethods are the reason the next chapter matters: they run on\n",[14,9174,9175],{"href":629},"embeddings",",\nturning the geometry of vector space into the poles and neighborhoods that carry\nsentiment from a handful of seeds to a lexicon of twenty thousand words.",[9178,9179,9182,9187],"section",{"className":9180,"dataFootnotes":6},[9181],"footnotes",[71,9183,9186],{"className":9184,"id":44},[9185],"sr-only","Footnotes",[9188,9189,9190,9208,9219,9230,9241,9252,9263,9500,9511,9528,9539,9550,9561,9577,9598],"ol",{},[9191,9192,9194,7488,9197,9200,9201],"li",{"id":9193},"user-content-fn-jm-intro",[29,9195,9196],{},"Jurafsky & Martin",[20,9198,9199],{},"Speech and Language Processing"," (3rd ed.), Ch. 20 — Lexicons for Sentiment, Affect, and Connotation: affective meaning as the emotion, sentiment, opinion, and evaluation a word carries; sentiment lexicons as lists of the words that cue affect most strongly, presupposing that words have fixed affective connotations. ",[14,9202,9207],{"href":9203,"ariaLabel":9204,"className":9205,"dataFootnoteBackref":6},"#user-content-fnref-jm-intro","Back to reference 1",[9206],"data-footnote-backref","↩",[9191,9209,9211,9213,9214],{"id":9210},"user-content-fn-jm-emotion",[29,9212,9196],{},", §20.1 — Defining Emotion: the two NLP families of emotion theory — basic emotions (Ekman's six, Plutchik's eight in four opposing pairs) and dimensional models (valence, arousal, dominance), with sentiment as the valence axis. ",[14,9215,9207],{"href":9216,"ariaLabel":9217,"className":9218,"dataFootnoteBackref":6},"#user-content-fnref-jm-emotion","Back to reference 2",[9206],[9191,9220,9222,9224,9225],{"id":9221},"user-content-fn-jm-lexicons",[29,9223,9196],{},", §20.2 — Available Sentiment and Affect Lexicons: General Inquirer, MPQA Subjectivity, the Hu & Liu opinion lexicon, NRC VAD, NRC EmoLex, and LIWC, and the binary-vs.-scored, one-vs.-multi-dimensional axes along which they differ. ",[14,9226,9207],{"href":9227,"ariaLabel":9228,"className":9229,"dataFootnoteBackref":6},"#user-content-fnref-jm-lexicons","Back to reference 3",[9206],[9191,9231,9233,9235,9236],{"id":9232},"user-content-fn-jm-human",[29,9234,9196],{},", §20.3 — Creating Affect Lexicons by Human Labeling: crowdsourced annotation, the EmoLex two-step sense-priming plus emotion-association scheme, and split-half reliability. ",[14,9237,9207],{"href":9238,"ariaLabel":9239,"className":9240,"dataFootnoteBackref":6},"#user-content-fnref-jm-human","Back to reference 4",[9206],[9191,9242,9244,9246,9247],{"id":9243},"user-content-fn-jm-bws",[29,9245,9196],{},", §20.3 — best-worst scaling: annotators pick only the most and least extreme of four items; a word's score is the fraction chosen best minus the fraction chosen worst, as used to build the NRC VAD lexicon. ",[14,9248,9207],{"href":9249,"ariaLabel":9250,"className":9251,"dataFootnoteBackref":6},"#user-content-fnref-jm-bws","Back to reference 5",[9206],[9191,9253,9255,9257,9258],{"id":9254},"user-content-fn-jm-semisup",[29,9256,9196],{},", §20.4 — Semi-supervised Induction of Affect Lexicons: seed words at each pole plus a similarity metric, with genre-specific seed sets for general, Twitter, and financial text. ",[14,9259,9207],{"href":9260,"ariaLabel":9261,"className":9262,"dataFootnoteBackref":6},"#user-content-fnref-jm-semisup","Back to reference 6",[9206],[9191,9264,9266,9268,9269,9346,9347,9494,9495],{"id":9265},"user-content-fn-jm-axis",[29,9267,9196],{},", §20.4.1 — Semantic Axis Methods: the Turney & Littman \u002F An et al. algorithm — pole centroids ",[263,9270,9272],{"className":9271},[266],[263,9273,9275],{"className":9274,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,9276,9278,9282,9311,9314,9317],{"className":9277},[275],[263,9279],{"className":9280,"style":9281},[279],"height:0.9658em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;",[263,9283,9285,9288],{"className":9284},[284],[263,9286,657],{"className":9287,"style":656},[284,655],[263,9289,9291],{"className":9290},[661],[263,9292,9294],{"className":9293},[665],[263,9295,9297],{"className":9296},[669],[263,9298,9300],{"className":9299,"style":648},[673],[263,9301,9302,9305],{"style":676},[263,9303],{"className":9304,"style":681},[680],[263,9306,9308],{"className":9307},[685,686,687,688],[263,9309,306],{"className":9310},[692,688],[263,9312,491],{"className":9313},[490],[263,9315],{"className":9316,"style":496},[495],[263,9318,9320,9323],{"className":9319},[284],[263,9321,657],{"className":9322,"style":656},[284,655],[263,9324,9326],{"className":9325},[661],[263,9327,9329],{"className":9328},[665],[263,9330,9332],{"className":9331},[669],[263,9333,9335],{"className":9334,"style":648},[673],[263,9336,9337,9340],{"style":676},[263,9338],{"className":9339,"style":681},[680],[263,9341,9343],{"className":9342},[685,686,687,688],[263,9344,285],{"className":9345},[692,688],", the axis ",[263,9348,9350],{"className":9349},[266],[263,9351,9353,9414,9459],{"className":9352,"ariaHidden":271},[270],[263,9354,9356,9359,9405,9408,9411],{"className":9355},[275],[263,9357],{"className":9358,"style":1168},[279],[263,9360,9362,9365],{"className":9361},[284],[263,9363,657],{"className":9364,"style":656},[284,655],[263,9366,9368],{"className":9367},[661],[263,9369,9371,9397],{"className":9370},[665,726],[263,9372,9374,9394],{"className":9373},[669],[263,9375,9377],{"className":9376,"style":1187},[673],[263,9378,9379,9382],{"style":1190},[263,9380],{"className":9381,"style":681},[680],[263,9383,9385],{"className":9384},[685,686,687,688],[263,9386,9388],{"className":9387},[284,688],[263,9389,9391],{"className":9390},[284,1203,688],[263,9392,634],{"className":9393},[284,688],[263,9395,781],{"className":9396},[780],[263,9398,9400],{"className":9399},[669],[263,9401,9403],{"className":9402,"style":1216},[673],[263,9404],{},[263,9406],{"className":9407,"style":696},[495],[263,9409,701],{"className":9410},[700],[263,9412],{"className":9413,"style":696},[495],[263,9415,9417,9421,9450,9453,9456],{"className":9416},[275],[263,9418],{"className":9419,"style":9420},[279],"height:0.8547em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;",[263,9422,9424,9427],{"className":9423},[284],[263,9425,657],{"className":9426,"style":656},[284,655],[263,9428,9430],{"className":9429},[661],[263,9431,9433],{"className":9432},[665],[263,9434,9436],{"className":9435},[669],[263,9437,9439],{"className":9438,"style":648},[673],[263,9440,9441,9444],{"style":676},[263,9442],{"className":9443,"style":681},[680],[263,9445,9447],{"className":9446},[685,686,687,688],[263,9448,306],{"className":9449},[692,688],[263,9451],{"className":9452,"style":656},[495],[263,9454,285],{"className":9455},[692],[263,9457],{"className":9458,"style":656},[495],[263,9460,9462,9465],{"className":9461},[275],[263,9463],{"className":9464,"style":648},[279],[263,9466,9468,9471],{"className":9467},[284],[263,9469,657],{"className":9470,"style":656},[284,655],[263,9472,9474],{"className":9473},[661],[263,9475,9477],{"className":9476},[665],[263,9478,9480],{"className":9479},[669],[263,9481,9483],{"className":9482,"style":648},[673],[263,9484,9485,9488],{"style":676},[263,9486],{"className":9487,"style":681},[680],[263,9489,9491],{"className":9490},[685,686,687,688],[263,9492,285],{"className":9493},[692,688],", and scoring by cosine of a word's embedding with the axis. ",[14,9496,9207],{"href":9497,"ariaLabel":9498,"className":9499,"dataFootnoteBackref":6},"#user-content-fnref-jm-axis","Back to reference 7",[9206],[9191,9501,9503,9505,9506],{"id":9502},"user-content-fn-jm-sentprop",[29,9504,9196],{},", §20.4.2 — Label Propagation: the SentProp algorithm — a k-nearest-neighbor lexical graph, random walks from positive and negative seeds, combined polarity scores, and bootstrap confidence. ",[14,9507,9207],{"href":9508,"ariaLabel":9509,"className":9510,"dataFootnoteBackref":6},"#user-content-fnref-jm-sentprop","Back to reference 8",[9206],[9191,9512,9514,9516,9517,9519,9520,9522,9523],{"id":9513},"user-content-fn-jm-pmi",[29,9515,9196],{},", §20.4.3 and Bibliographical Notes — Turney's PMI-based semantic orientation: SO-PMI as PMI with the seed ",[183,9518,52],{}," minus PMI with ",[183,9521,2115],{},", estimated from co-occurrence counts. ",[14,9524,9207],{"href":9525,"ariaLabel":9526,"className":9527,"dataFootnoteBackref":6},"#user-content-fnref-jm-pmi","Back to reference 9",[9206],[9191,9529,9531,9533,9534],{"id":9530},"user-content-fn-jm-super",[29,9532,9196],{},", §20.5 — Supervised Learning of Word Sentiment: review star ratings as free supervision, word sentiment as a distribution over rating classes, and the log-odds-ratio informative Dirichlet prior for finding class-distinguishing words. ",[14,9535,9207],{"href":9536,"ariaLabel":9537,"className":9538,"dataFootnoteBackref":6},"#user-content-fnref-jm-super","Back to reference 10",[9206],[9191,9540,9542,9544,9545],{"id":9541},"user-content-fn-jm-potts",[29,9543,9196],{},", §20.5 — the Potts score and Potts diagrams: normalized likelihood across rating categories, and the J \u002F reverse-J \u002F hump shapes that distinguish strongly from weakly polar words. ",[14,9546,9207],{"href":9547,"ariaLabel":9548,"className":9549,"dataFootnoteBackref":6},"#user-content-fnref-jm-potts","Back to reference 11",[9206],[9191,9551,9553,9555,9556],{"id":9552},"user-content-fn-jm-using",[29,9554,9196],{},", §20.6–20.7 — Using Lexicons for Sentiment and Affect Recognition: rule-based counting with a threshold when unlabeled, and lexicon-count features (indicator, count, weighted) inside a supervised classifier when labeled. ",[14,9557,9207],{"href":9558,"ariaLabel":9559,"className":9560,"dataFootnoteBackref":6},"#user-content-fnref-jm-using","Back to reference 12",[9206],[9191,9562,9564,9566,9567,115,9569,9571,9572],{"id":9563},"user-content-fn-jm-conno",[29,9565,9196],{},", §20.9 — Connotation Frames: predicates that imply sentiment, effect, value, mental state, power, and agency about their arguments, illustrated by ",[20,9568,9031],{},[20,9570,9019],{}," and the entity-centric analysis of characters. ",[14,9573,9207],{"href":9574,"ariaLabel":9575,"className":9576,"dataFootnoteBackref":6},"#user-content-fnref-jm-conno","Back to reference 13",[9206],[9191,9578,9580,7488,9583,561,9586,9589,9590,9592,9593],{"id":9579},"user-content-fn-vader",[29,9581,9582],{},"C. J. Hutto & E. Gilbert",[183,9584,9585],{},"VADER: A Parsimonious Rule-based Model for Sentiment Analysis of Social Media Text,",[20,9587,9588],{},"Proceedings of ICWSM",", 2014 — a valence-aware lexicon plus five heuristics (punctuation and capitalization amplification, degree modifiers, contrastive ",[20,9591,5110],{},", and negation flipping) that make rule-based counting competitive on short informal text without training data. ",[14,9594,9207],{"href":9595,"ariaLabel":9596,"className":9597,"dataFootnoteBackref":6},"#user-content-fnref-vader","Back to reference 14",[9206],[9191,9599,9601,7488,9604,561,9607,9610,9611],{"id":9600},"user-content-fn-devlin-sent",[29,9602,9603],{},"J. Devlin, M.-W. Chang, K. Lee, K. Toutanova",[183,9605,9606],{},"BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding,",[20,9608,9609],{},"Proceedings of NAACL-HLT",", 2019 — a pretrained transformer fine-tuned for sentiment, giving each word a context-dependent representation so that a word's contribution can change sign with the sentence, unlike a fixed-score lexicon. ",[14,9612,9207],{"href":9613,"ariaLabel":9614,"className":9615,"dataFootnoteBackref":6},"#user-content-fnref-devlin-sent","Back to reference 15",[9206],{"title":6,"searchDepth":9617,"depth":9617,"links":9618},2,[9619,9620,9621,9622,9628,9629,9630,9631,9632,9633],{"id":73,"depth":9617,"text":74},{"id":177,"depth":9617,"text":178},{"id":417,"depth":9617,"text":418},{"id":532,"depth":9617,"text":533,"children":9623},[9624,9626,9627],{"id":622,"depth":9625,"text":623},3,{"id":1770,"depth":9625,"text":1771},{"id":2102,"depth":9625,"text":2103},{"id":5122,"depth":9617,"text":5123},{"id":7689,"depth":9617,"text":7690},{"id":8981,"depth":9617,"text":8982},{"id":9081,"depth":9617,"text":9082},{"id":9168,"depth":9617,"text":9169},{"id":44,"depth":9617,"text":9186},[],"computer-science","Naive Bayes\nclassified a whole document by pooling every word it contained: the review is\npositive because the product of per-word likelihoods came out that way. That\nmodel has no notion of whether any single word means something positive; it only\nlearns, from labeled documents, that delicious tends to co-occur with the\npositive class. This lesson zooms in one level, to the word itself. The claim is\nthat words carry affective meaning — a fixed emotional coloring, independent\nof the document they land in — and that we can write this meaning down in a\nlexicon: a list of words annotated with the sentiment or emotion each one\nevokes.1",false,"md",{"moduleNumber":9617,"lessonNumber":9640,"order":9641},4,204,"Text Classification",true,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fclassification\u002Fsentiment-and-affect-lexicons",[],"---\ntitle: Sentiment and Affect Lexicons\nmodule: Text Classification\nmoduleNumber: 2\nlessonNumber: 4\norder: 204\nsummary: >\n  A sentiment lexicon is a list of words annotated with the affective meaning\n  they carry — positive or negative, or scores along valence, arousal, and\n  dominance. We fix what \"emotion\" means (basic-emotion versus dimensional\n  models), survey the standard lexicons, and then build lexicons three ways: by\n  human labeling with best-worst scaling, by semi-supervised induction from seed\n  words over an embedding space, and by supervised learning from starred\n  reviews. We close on connotation frames, which record the sentiment a verb\n  implies about each of its arguments.\ntopics: [Classification]\nsources:\n  - book: Jurafsky\n    ref: \"Ch. 20 — Lexicons for Sentiment, Affect, and Connotation; §20.1 Defining Emotion; §20.2 Available Lexicons\"\n  - book: Jurafsky\n    ref: \"§20.3 Creating Affect Lexicons by Human Labeling; §20.4 Semi-supervised Induction; §20.5 Supervised Learning of Word Sentiment\"\n  - book: Jurafsky\n    ref: \"§20.6–20.7 Using Lexicons; §20.9 Connotation Frames\"\n---\n\n[Naive Bayes](\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fclassification\u002Fnaive-bayes-and-sentiment)\nclassified a whole document by pooling every word it contained: the review is\npositive because the product of per-word likelihoods came out that way. That\nmodel has no notion of whether any single word _means_ something positive; it only\nlearns, from labeled documents, that _delicious_ tends to co-occur with the\npositive class. This lesson zooms in one level, to the word itself. The claim is\nthat words carry **affective meaning** — a fixed emotional coloring, independent\nof the document they land in — and that we can write this meaning down in a\n**lexicon**: a list of words annotated with the sentiment or emotion each one\nevokes.[^jm-intro]\n\nA sentiment lexicon is the smallest possible sentiment resource. Instead of\nusing every word as a feature, we keep only the words that carry a strong cue to\naffect, and we attach a label or a score to each. The word _excellent_ is\npositive; _horrible_ is negative; _vacation_ scores high on pleasantness and\n_torture_ scores low. The rest of the lesson is about what those annotations\nshould be (which requires a theory of emotion), which lexicons already exist,\nand — the real work — the three ways to _build_ one.\n\n## Defining emotion\n\nBefore we can annotate a word with its emotion, we have to decide what the set\nof emotions _is_. Computational models in NLP draw on two families of theories\nfrom affective science.[^jm-emotion]\n\nThe first family treats emotions as **basic emotions**: a small fixed set of\natomic units, present in all cultures, out of which everything else is built. The\nbest-known list is Ekman's six — _surprise, happiness, anger, fear, disgust,\nsadness_ — proposed as universal. Plutchik's wheel is a richer variant: eight\nbasic emotions arranged in four opposing pairs (joy–sadness, anger–fear,\ntrust–disgust, anticipation–surprise), with blends filling the space between\nneighbors.\n\n$$\n% caption: Plutchik's eight basic emotions in four opposing pairs. Each emotion\n% sits across the wheel from its opposite; blends (love = joy + trust) fill the\n% gaps between neighbors.\n\\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth, font=\\footnotesize,\n  emo\u002F.style={draw, fill=white, minimum width=17mm, minimum height=6mm, align=center, font=\\scriptsize}]\n  \\definecolor{acc}{HTML}{2348F2}\n  \\definecolor{red}{HTML}{C0392B}\n  \\node[emo, draw=acc, text=acc] (joy)  at (90:2.7)  {joy};\n  \\node[emo] (trust) at (45:2.7)  {trust};\n  \\node[emo] (fear)  at (0:2.7)   {fear};\n  \\node[emo] (surp)  at (-45:2.7) {surprise};\n  \\node[emo, draw=red, text=red] (sad) at (-90:2.7) {sadness};\n  \\node[emo] (disg)  at (-135:2.7){disgust};\n  \\node[emo] (anger) at (180:2.7) {anger};\n  \\node[emo] (antic) at (135:2.7) {anticipation};\n  % opposing-pair connectors through the center\n  \\draw[black, dashed] (joy) -- (sad);\n  \\draw[black, dashed] (anger) -- (fear);\n  \\draw[black, dashed] (trust) -- (disg);\n  \\draw[black, dashed] (antic) -- (surp);\n  \\node[font=\\scriptsize, black, anchor=west] at (3.6,-2.7) {dashed = opposing pairs};\n\\end{tikzpicture}\n$$\n\nThe second family treats emotion not as a set of atoms but as a **point in a\ncontinuous space** of two or three dimensions. Almost every dimensional model\nincludes _valence_ and _arousal_, and many add a third, _dominance_:\n\n> **Definition (Valence, arousal, dominance).** Three axes for locating a word\n> in affective space. **Valence** is the pleasantness of the stimulus (how good\n> or bad it feels); **arousal** is the intensity of emotion it provokes (calm\n> versus excited); **dominance** is the degree of control it exerts (submissive\n> versus in-command).\n\nSentiment falls out of this second view as a special case: the **valence** axis,\nmeasuring how pleasant or unpleasant a word is, _is_ what we usually mean by\nsentiment. Positive versus negative is just the sign of valence. The\nvalence–arousal plane is the standard way to picture it: pleasant-and-calm\n(_serene_) sits apart from pleasant-and-intense (_ecstatic_), and the two\nnegative quadrants split the same way.\n\n$$\n% caption: The valence-arousal plane. Valence (horizontal) is pleasantness;\n% arousal (vertical) is intensity. Sentiment is just the valence axis. Words like\n% serene and terrified sit in different quadrants of the same 2-D space.\n\\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth, font=\\footnotesize]\n  \\definecolor{acc}{HTML}{2348F2}\n  \\definecolor{red}{HTML}{C0392B}\n  % axes\n  \\draw[->, black] (-3.4,0) -- (3.7,0) node[anchor=west] {valence};\n  \\draw[->, black] (0,-2.7) -- (0,2.9) node[anchor=south] {arousal};\n  \\node[black, anchor=north east] at (-0.1,-0.1) {calm};\n  \\node[black, anchor=east, font=\\scriptsize] at (-0.15,2.3) {intense};\n  \\node[black, anchor=north, font=\\scriptsize] at (-2.7,-0.15) {unpleasant};\n  \\node[black, anchor=north, font=\\scriptsize] at (2.7,-0.15) {pleasant};\n  % sample words as dots + labels, kept clear of axes\n  \\fill[acc] (2.2,1.9) circle (2pt); \\node[acc, anchor=south west] at (2.28,1.9) {ecstatic};\n  \\fill[acc] (2.6,-1.5) circle (2pt); \\node[acc, anchor=north west] at (2.66,-1.5) {serene};\n  \\fill[red] (-2.3,2.1) circle (2pt); \\node[red, anchor=south east] at (-2.38,2.1) {terrif\\\u002Fied};\n  \\fill[red] (-2.6,-1.6) circle (2pt); \\node[red, anchor=north east] at (-2.68,-1.6) {gloomy};\n  \\fill[black] (0.6,0.5) circle (1.6pt); \\node[black, anchor=south west, font=\\scriptsize] at (0.66,0.5) {content};\n\\end{tikzpicture}\n$$\n\nThe two families differ in resolution rather than substance. Basic-emotion\nlexicons give a word a discrete tag (this word is _anger_); dimensional lexicons\ngive it real-valued coordinates. Both share a strong simplifying assumption: the\naffective meaning is **fixed**, the same regardless of the sentence, dialect, or\nculture the word appears in. Richer appraisal-theory models — where an emotion\nis a process that weighs an event against a person's goals — drop that\nassumption, but the lexicons in this lesson keep it, and it is what makes them\nlookup tables.\n\n## The lexicons that already exist\n\nA great many affect lexicons have been released; you rarely have to start from\nnothing. The simplest label words along a single dimension — call it \"sentiment\"\nor \"valence\" — as a binary split into a positive wordlist and a negative\nwordlist.[^jm-lexicons]\n\n| Lexicon | What it records | Size |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| General Inquirer (1966) | positive \u002F negative wordlists (plus strong\u002Fweak, active\u002Fpassive, and more) | 1915 pos, 2291 neg |\n| MPQA Subjectivity (2005) | pos \u002F neg, each tagged strongly- or weakly-subjective | 2718 pos, 4912 neg |\n| Hu & Liu opinion lexicon (2004) | pos \u002F neg, bootstrapped from product reviews via WordNet | 2006 pos, 4783 neg |\n| AFINN | integer valence from $-5$ to $+5$ per word | ~2500 |\n| NRC EmoLex (2013) | binary tags for Plutchik's 8 emotions + pos\u002Fneg | ~14,000 |\n| NRC VAD (2018) | real-valued valence, arousal, dominance | ~20,000 |\n| LIWC (2007) | 73 word-category lists (emotion, anger, cognition, ...) | ~2300 |\n\nThe oldest, the **General Inquirer**, is just two hand-built wordlists; **MPQA\nSubjectivity** adds a strong\u002Fweak reliability tag, **Bing Liu's** was bootstrapped\nfrom product reviews, and **AFINN** attaches a small integer valence. All are\none-dimensional.\n\nThe richer lexicons go multi-dimensional. The **NRC VAD** lexicon scores 20,000\nwords on all three affective dimensions at once; a word is now a triple, not a\ntag.\n\n$$\n% caption: Sample entries from the NRC VAD lexicon (Mohammad 2018). Each word\n% gets a real-valued score in 0 to 1 on valence, arousal, and dominance; the three\n% axes vary independently.\n\\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth, font=\\footnotesize]\n  \\definecolor{acc}{HTML}{2348F2}\n  \\def\\rw{2.6}\n  % header\n  \\node[anchor=west, acc] at (0,0) {\\textbf{Valence}};\n  \\node[anchor=west, acc] at (\\rw,0) {\\textbf{Arousal}};\n  \\node[anchor=west, acc] at (2*\\rw,0) {\\textbf{Dominance}};\n  % rows: word score | word score | word score\n  \\foreach \\y\u002F\\va\u002F\\vs\u002F\\aa\u002F\\as\u002F\\da\u002F\\ds in {\n      -0.6\u002Fvacation\u002F.840\u002Fenraged\u002F.962\u002Fpowerful\u002F.991,\n      -1.1\u002Fdelightful\u002F.918\u002Fparty\u002F.840\u002Fauthority\u002F.935,\n      -1.6\u002Fwhistle\u002F.653\u002Forganized\u002F.337\u002Fsaxophone\u002F.482,\n      -2.1\u002Fconsolation\u002F.408\u002Fef\\\u002Ffortless\u002F.120\u002Fdiscouraged\u002F.009,\n      -2.6\u002Ftorture\u002F.115\u002Fnapping\u002F.046\u002Fweak\u002F.045}{\n    \\node[anchor=west] at (0,\\y) {\\va};   \\node[anchor=east, black] at (\\rw-0.25,\\y) {\\vs};\n    \\node[anchor=west] at (\\rw,\\y) {\\aa}; \\node[anchor=east, black] at (2*\\rw-0.25,\\y) {\\as};\n    \\node[anchor=west] at (2*\\rw,\\y) {\\da}; \\node[anchor=east, black] at (3*\\rw-0.25,\\y) {\\ds};\n  }\n  \\draw[black] (-0.1,-0.3) -- (3*\\rw-0.3,-0.3);\n\\end{tikzpicture}\n$$\n\nThe **NRC Word-Emotion Association Lexicon**, or **EmoLex**, takes the\nbasic-emotion route instead: for each of ~14,000 words it records a binary\n0\u002F1 for each of Plutchik's eight emotions plus positive\u002Fnegative. A word like\n_reward_ lights up anticipation, joy, surprise, trust, and positive; _garbage_\nlights up disgust and negative.\n\n$$\n% caption: EmoLex (NRC Word-Emotion Association Lexicon) entries. Each word gets a\n% binary 0\u002F1 for each of Plutchik's 8 emotions plus positive\u002Fnegative; a filled\n% cell means the word is associated with that emotion.\n\\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth, font=\\scriptsize]\n  \\definecolor{acc}{HTML}{2348F2}\n  \\def\\c{0.62}\n  % column headers (rotated, ASCII only)\n  \\foreach \\i\u002F\\lab in {1\u002Fanger,2\u002Fantic,3\u002Fdisgust,4\u002Ffear,5\u002Fjoy,6\u002Fsad,7\u002Fsurprise,8\u002Ftrust,9\u002Fpos,10\u002Fneg}{\n    \\node[rotate=55, anchor=west, font=\\scriptsize] at (\\i*\\c,0.15) {\\lab};\n  }\n  % rows: word then 10 binary cells\n  \\foreach \\r\u002F\\word\u002F\\bits in {\n      1\u002Freward\u002F{0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0},\n      2\u002Fworry\u002F{0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1},\n      3\u002Fsweetheart\u002F{0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0},\n      4\u002Fgarbage\u002F{0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1}}{\n    \\node[anchor=east] at (0.55,-\\r*\\c) {\\word};\n    \\foreach \\b [count=\\i] in \\bits{\n      \\ifnum\\b=1\n        \\fill[acc!30] (\\i*\\c-0.27,-\\r*\\c-0.22) rectangle (\\i*\\c+0.27,-\\r*\\c+0.22);\n        \\draw[acc] (\\i*\\c-0.27,-\\r*\\c-0.22) rectangle (\\i*\\c+0.27,-\\r*\\c+0.22);\n        \\node[acc] at (\\i*\\c,-\\r*\\c) {1};\n      \\else\n        \\draw[black] (\\i*\\c-0.27,-\\r*\\c-0.22) rectangle (\\i*\\c+0.27,-\\r*\\c+0.22);\n        \\node[black] at (\\i*\\c,-\\r*\\c) {0};\n      \\fi\n    }\n  }\n\\end{tikzpicture}\n$$\n\n**LIWC** (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count) is different in kind: 73 curated\ncategory lists — negative-emotion, positive-emotion, anger, sadness, cognitive\nmechanisms, tentativeness, negation — built for social-psychology research\nrather than sentiment per se, but widely reused as features. Entries can be word\nprefixes (`happy*` matches _happy, happiness, happily_).\n\nFor many tasks the right first move is to use one of these off the\nshelf. But when the genre is unusual (financial text, a historical corpus, a\nnew language) the pre-built lexicons miss, and you build your own. There are\nthree ways.\n\n## Building a lexicon (1): human labeling\n\nThe oldest method, still standard, is to have humans label each word, now almost\nalways via **crowdsourcing** — split the job into tiny questions and farm them to\nmany annotators.[^jm-human] The direct question — \"how positive is _sublime_, on a\nscale of 1 to 9?\" — gives noisy answers: people\nuse the scale differently, anchor inconsistently, and struggle to be precise\nabout an absolute number.\n\n**Best-worst scaling** sidesteps this. Show an annotator four words at a time and\nask only for the two extremes — which is _most_ positive and which is _least_.\nRelative judgments among a few items are far more reliable than absolute ratings\non a long scale.\n\n$$\n% caption: Best-worst scaling. The annotator sees 4 words and marks only the best\n% (most positive) and worst (least positive); a word's score is the fraction of\n% tuples it was picked best minus the fraction it was picked worst.\n\\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth, font=\\footnotesize,\n  wbox\u002F.style={draw, minimum width=24mm, minimum height=8mm, align=center}]\n  \\definecolor{acc}{HTML}{2348F2}\n  \\definecolor{red}{HTML}{C0392B}\n  \\node[font=\\footnotesize, anchor=west] at (-0.2,2.3) {Which is MOST \u002F LEAST positive?};\n  \\node[wbox, draw=acc, text=acc] (a) at (0,1.3) {delightful};\n  \\node[wbox] (b) at (0,0.4) {ordinary};\n  \\node[wbox] (c) at (0,-0.5) {tolerable};\n  \\node[wbox, draw=red, text=red] (d) at (0,-1.4) {dreadful};\n  \\node[acc, anchor=west, font=\\scriptsize] at (1.7,1.3) {best (most)};\n  \\node[red, anchor=west, font=\\scriptsize] at (1.7,-1.4) {worst (least)};\n  % scoring on the right\n  \\node[anchor=west, align=left, font=\\scriptsize] at (5.2,0.6)\n    {score(w) = \\\\ (\\% best) - (\\% worst)};\n  \\draw[->, black] (3.4,-0.05) -- (5.0,0.3);\n\\end{tikzpicture}\n$$\n\nAcross many overlapping four-word tuples, a word's final score is the proportion\nof tuples in which it was chosen best minus the proportion in which it was chosen\nworst — a real number in $[-1, 1]$. The NRC VAD lexicon was built by this\nprocedure, run once per dimension.[^jm-bws] EmoLex used a related\ntwo-step scheme: a priming multiple-choice question fixed the intended word sense\nfirst (_startle_ is closest to _shake_, not _automobile_), then annotators rated\nassociation with each of the eight emotions on a not\u002Fweak\u002Fmoderate\u002Fstrong scale,\ncollapsed to binary. Annotation quality is checked by **split-half reliability**:\nsplit the annotators in two, and see whether the two halves' scores correlate.\n\n## Building a lexicon (2): semi-supervised induction\n\nHuman labeling is accurate but expensive. **Semi-supervised induction** produces a\nlarge lexicon from a few dozen labeled words. Hand-pick a small set\nof **seed words** at each pole of the axis — _good, excellent, love_ for positive;\n_bad, horrible, hate_ for negative — and then score every other word by how\nsimilar it is to the positive seeds and how dissimilar to the negative\nones.[^jm-semisup] \"Similar\" is where the methods differ.\n\nSeeds are chosen by hand, and the right seeds depend on genre. General sentiment,\nTwitter, and finance each need their own poles:\n\n| Domain | Positive seeds | Negative seeds |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| General | good, lovely, excellent, perfect, happy | bad, horrible, poor, disgusting, unhappy |\n| Twitter | love, awesome, nice, amazing, best | hate, terrible, nasty, awful, worst |\n| Finance | profit, gains, beneficial, improving, success | loss, volatile, litigation, damages, failure |\n\n### The semantic-axis method\n\nThe simplest similarity metric is [embedding](\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fsemantics\u002Fvector-semantics-and-embeddings)\ncosine. Embed every word, then turn the seed sets into a single **axis** vector\npointing from negative to positive. Take the centroid (mean vector) of the\npositive-seed embeddings, $V^+ = \\tfrac1n\\sum_i E(w_i^+)$, and of the negative\nseeds, $V^- = \\tfrac1m\\sum_i E(w_i^-)$, and subtract:\n\n$$\nV_{\\text{axis}} = V^+ - V^-.\n$$\n\n$V_{\\text{axis}}$ points in the direction of increasing positivity. Score any word\n$w$ by the cosine between its embedding and the axis:\n\n$$\n\\score(w) = \\cos\\!\\big(E(w),\\, V_{\\text{axis}}\\big)\n= \\frac{E(w)\\cdot V_{\\text{axis}}}{\\lVert E(w)\\rVert\\,\\lVert V_{\\text{axis}}\\rVert}.\n$$\n\nA word whose embedding aligns with the axis is positive; one pointing the other\nway is negative; one orthogonal is neutral.[^jm-axis]\n\n$$\n% caption: The semantic-axis method. Average the positive-seed embeddings and the\n% negative-seed embeddings into pole vectors, subtract to get the axis, then score\n% each word by the cosine between its embedding and the axis.\n\\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth, font=\\footnotesize]\n  \\definecolor{acc}{HTML}{2348F2}\n  \\definecolor{red}{HTML}{C0392B}\n  % pole centroids\n  \\fill[red] (-3,0) circle (2pt); \\node[red, anchor=east] at (-3.15,0) {V- (neg centroid)};\n  \\fill[acc] (3,0) circle (2pt);  \\node[acc, anchor=west] at (3.15,0) {V+ (pos centroid)};\n  % axis\n  \\draw[->, black, very thick] (-3,0) -- (3,0);\n  \\node[black, anchor=north] at (0,-0.18) {semantic axis  V+ minus V-};\n  % a word embedding projected onto the axis\n  \\coordinate (w) at (1.4,1.5);\n  \\fill[black] (w) circle (2pt); \\node[anchor=south west] at (w) {word w};\n  \\draw[black, dashed] (w) -- (1.4,0);\n  \\draw[->, acc] (0,0) -- (w) node[midway, anchor=south east, font=\\scriptsize] {E(w)};\n  % angle marker\n  \\draw[acc] (0.7,0) arc (0:47:0.7);\n  \\node[acc, font=\\scriptsize] at (0.95,0.28) {cos};\n\\end{tikzpicture}\n$$\n\n### Label propagation on a graph\n\nAn alternative, **SentProp**, propagates polarity over a graph instead of\nprojecting onto an axis.[^jm-sentprop] Build a lexical graph: each word is a node,\nconnected to its $k$ nearest neighbors by cosine, edge weights set from the\nangle between embeddings. Drop the seed labels onto their nodes and run a\n**random walk** from each pole: a word's positive score is proportional to how\noften a walk started from the positive seeds lands on it. Words tightly clustered\naround _love_ and _adore_ accumulate positive walks; those near _hate_ and _loathe_\naccumulate negative ones; and a word in between, like _find_ or _notice_, stays\nneutral because both walks reach it about equally.\n\n$$\n% caption: Label propagation (SentProp). Seed words (double outline) are planted\n% at each pole; a random walk over the k-nearest-neighbor graph carries polarity\n% to nearby words. Blue = positive-visited, red = negative-visited, black = neutral.\n\\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth, font=\\scriptsize,\n  n\u002F.style={circle, draw, minimum size=6mm, inner sep=0pt, font=\\scriptsize},\n  seed\u002F.style={circle, draw, double, minimum size=6mm, inner sep=0pt, font=\\scriptsize}]\n  \\definecolor{acc}{HTML}{2348F2}\n  \\definecolor{red}{HTML}{C0392B}\n  % positive cluster (left)\n  \\node[seed, draw=acc, text=acc] (love)  at (-3,0.9) {love};\n  \\node[n, draw=acc, text=acc]    (adore) at (-3.6,-0.3) {adore};\n  \\node[n, draw=acc, text=acc]    (like)  at (-2,0) {like};\n  \\node[n, draw=acc, text=acc]    (appr)  at (-2.4,1.4) {like2};\n  \\draw[acc] (love)--(adore); \\draw[acc] (love)--(like); \\draw[acc] (love)--(appr); \\draw[acc] (like)--(adore);\n  % negative cluster (right)\n  \\node[seed, draw=red, text=red] (hate)  at (3,0.9) {hate};\n  \\node[n, draw=red, text=red]    (loathe)at (3.6,-0.3) {loathe};\n  \\node[n, draw=red, text=red]    (dislike) at (2,0) {dislike};\n  \\node[n, draw=red, text=red]    (abhor) at (2.4,1.4) {abhor};\n  \\draw[red] (hate)--(loathe); \\draw[red] (hate)--(dislike); \\draw[red] (hate)--(abhor); \\draw[red] (dislike)--(loathe);\n  % neutral bridge (defined after both clusters)\n  \\node[n] (find)   at (0,0.4) {f\\\u002Find};\n  \\node[n] (notice) at (0,-0.9) {notice};\n  \\draw[black] (like)--(find); \\draw[black] (find)--(notice); \\draw[black] (notice)--(dislike);\n  \\draw[black] (find)--(dislike);\n\\end{tikzpicture}\n$$\n\nBoth raw scores (positive and negative walk frequencies) are combined into a\nsingle polarity, $\\score^+(w) = \\frac{r^+(w)}{r^+(w)+r^-(w)}$, and\nconfidence is estimated by re-running on random subsets of the seeds (bootstrap):\na word whose score wobbles as the seeds change is one to trust less.\n\n### PMI from co-occurrence: Turney's SO-PMI\n\nThe seed idea predates embeddings. Turney's **SO-PMI** (semantic orientation from\npointwise mutual information) needs only a search engine and two seed words:\n_excellent_ and _poor_. A word is positive to the degree it co-occurs with\n_excellent_ more than with _poor_.[^jm-pmi] Pointwise mutual information measures\nthat association,\n\n$$\n\\PMI(w_1, w_2) = \\log_2 \\frac{P(w_1, w_2)}{P(w_1)\\,P(w_2)},\n$$\n\nand the **semantic orientation** of a phrase is its PMI with the positive seed\nminus its PMI with the negative seed:\n\n$$\n\\operatorname{SO\\text{-}PMI}(w) =\n\\PMI(w, \\text{``excellent''}) - \\PMI(w, \\text{``poor''}).\n$$\n\nEstimate each probability from hit counts: $P(w_1,w_2)$ from how often the two\nappear near each other, $P(w)$ from how often $w$ appears at all. Positive SO\nmeans positive sentiment.\n\nFor a worked example: Turney estimated the counts by issuing queries to a web\nsearch engine and reading off the number of returned pages, using the `NEAR`\noperator for co-occurrence. Suppose a corpus (or index) of $N = 10^{9}$ documents,\nand for the target word _romantic_ these hit counts:\n\n| Query | Hits | Interpretation |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| `romantic` | $2{,}000{,}000$ | $P(\\text{romantic}) = 2\\times 10^{-3}$ |\n| `excellent` | $8{,}000{,}000$ | $P(\\text{excellent}) = 8\\times 10^{-3}$ |\n| `poor` | $6{,}000{,}000$ | $P(\\text{poor}) = 6\\times 10^{-3}$ |\n| `romantic NEAR excellent` | $60{,}000$ | $P(\\cdot,\\cdot) = 6\\times 10^{-5}$ |\n| `romantic NEAR poor` | $9{,}000$ | $P(\\cdot,\\cdot) = 9\\times 10^{-6}$ |\n\nDivide each count by $N$ to get a probability, then compute each PMI. For the\npositive seed,\n\n$$\n\\PMI(\\text{romantic}, \\text{excellent})\n= \\log_2 \\frac{6\\times 10^{-5}}{(2\\times 10^{-3})(8\\times 10^{-3})}\n= \\log_2 \\frac{6\\times 10^{-5}}{1.6\\times 10^{-5}}\n= \\log_2 3.75 = 1.91,\n$$\n\nand for the negative seed,\n\n$$\n\\PMI(\\text{romantic}, \\text{poor})\n= \\log_2 \\frac{9\\times 10^{-6}}{(2\\times 10^{-3})(6\\times 10^{-3})}\n= \\log_2 \\frac{9\\times 10^{-6}}{1.2\\times 10^{-5}}\n= \\log_2 0.75 = -0.42.\n$$\n\nThe semantic orientation is the difference, $\\operatorname{SO\\text{-}PMI}(\\text{romantic})\n= 1.91 - (-0.42) = 2.33$: strongly positive, because _romantic_ co-occurs with\n_excellent_ far more than chance and with _poor_ less than chance. Run the same three\nqueries for _unpredictable_ and the sign flips — it appears near _poor_ more than near\n_excellent_, so its SO comes out negative — recovering the polarity of both words from\nnothing but a search engine and two seed words. The $N$ cancels out of the difference,\nwhich is why Turney could estimate SO-PMI without ever knowing the true corpus size.\n\n$$\n% caption: A worked SO-PMI trace. \"romantic\" co-occurs far more with the positive\n% seed \"excellent\" than with \"poor\", giving positive semantic orientation;\n% \"unpredictable\" leans the other way.\n\\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth, font=\\footnotesize,\n  box\u002F.style={draw, minimum width=22mm, minimum height=8mm, align=center}]\n  \\definecolor{acc}{HTML}{2348F2}\n  \\definecolor{red}{HTML}{C0392B}\n  % target word\n  \\node[box, draw=acc, text=acc] (w) at (0,0) {romantic};\n  % seeds\n  \\node[box] (exc) at (4.3,1.1) {excellent};\n  \\node[box] (poor) at (4.3,-1.1) {poor};\n  \\draw[->, acc, thick] (w) -- (exc) node[midway, anchor=south east, font=\\scriptsize] {PMI = 1.91};\n  \\draw[->, red, thick] (w) -- (poor) node[midway, anchor=north east, font=\\scriptsize] {PMI = -0.42};\n  % result\n  \\node[anchor=west, align=left] at (6.6,0)\n    {SO = 1.91 - (-0.42) \\\\ = +2.33  (positive)};\n  \\draw[->, black] (6.0,0.1) -- (6.5,0.1);\n\\end{tikzpicture}\n$$\n\nOther similarity cues work in place of cosine or co-occurrence. Two adjectives\nconjoined by _and_ (\"fair and legitimate\") usually share polarity, while _but_\n(\"fair but brutal\") flips it; a morphological negative (_adequate \u002F inadequate_)\nflips it; a thesaurus lets you add the synonyms of positive seeds and the\nantonyms of negative seeds. All follow the same pattern: a similarity metric plus\nseed poles.\n\n## Building a lexicon (3): supervised learning from reviews\n\nSometimes supervision comes free. Online reviews carry a\n**star rating** — 1 to 5, or 1 to 10 — and the rating is a label for the whole\nreview's sentiment. Positive words cluster in 5-star reviews; negative words in\n1-star reviews. We can learn word sentiment directly from the counts, and get\nsomething richer than a binary tag: a **distribution over ratings**.[^jm-super]\n\n$$\n% caption: Supervised word sentiment from starred reviews. Counting how often each\n% word appears at each star level gives, per word, a distribution over ratings —\n% the whole polarity profile, not just a positive\u002Fnegative bit.\n\\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth, font=\\footnotesize,\n  rev\u002F.style={draw, minimum width=30mm, minimum height=7mm, align=left, font=\\scriptsize}]\n  \\definecolor{acc}{HTML}{2348F2}\n  \\definecolor{red}{HTML}{C0392B}\n  % starred reviews on the left\n  \\node[rev] (r5) at (0,1.3) {5*: a great, wonderful f\\\u002Film};\n  \\node[rev] (r3) at (0,0.3) {3*: it was fairly good};\n  \\node[rev] (r1) at (0,-0.7) {1*: the worst, disappointing};\n  \\node[anchor=west, black, font=\\scriptsize] at (-1.8,2.1) {reviews + stars};\n  % arrow to counts\n  \\draw[->, acc, thick] (2.1,0.3) -- (3.3,0.3) node[midway, above, font=\\scriptsize] {count};\n  % a per-word bar chart on the right (word \"disappointing\")\n  \\begin{scope}[xshift=4cm, yshift=-0.9cm]\n    \\draw[->, black] (0,0) -- (0,2.2) node[anchor=south, font=\\scriptsize] {P(w $\\mid$ c)};\n    \\draw[->, black] (0,0) -- (4.6,0) node[anchor=west, font=\\scriptsize] {stars};\n    \\foreach \\c\u002F\\h in {1\u002F1.7,2\u002F1.4,3\u002F0.9,4\u002F0.5,5\u002F0.3}{\n      \\fill[red!35] (\\c*0.8-0.2,0) rectangle (\\c*0.8+0.2,\\h);\n      \\draw[red] (\\c*0.8-0.2,0) rectangle (\\c*0.8+0.2,\\h);\n      \\node[black, anchor=north, font=\\scriptsize] at (\\c*0.8,-0.02) {\\c};\n    }\n    \\node[red, anchor=south, font=\\scriptsize] at (2.0,1.9) {disappointing};\n  \\end{scope}\n\\end{tikzpicture}\n$$\n\nConcretely, count how often word $w$ appears in reviews of each class $c$, and\nturn counts into a likelihood $P(w \\mid c)$. Then normalize across classes into\nthe **Potts score**, which reads as the word's sentiment profile:\n\n$$\nP(w \\mid c) = \\frac{\\count(w, c)}{\\sum_{w' \\in c}\\count(w', c)},\n\\qquad\n\\PottsScore(w, c) = \\frac{P(w \\mid c)}{\\sum_{c'} P(w \\mid c')}.\n$$\n\nWork the normalization on one word. Suppose across a review corpus the word\n_disappointing_ occurs with these raw counts by star rating, and each rating class\nhas the shown total word count:\n\n| Rating $c$ | $\\count(\\text{disappointing}, c)$ | tokens in class $c$ | $P(w \\mid c) = \\count\u002F\\text{tokens}$ |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 star | $500$ | $1{,}000{,}000$ | $5.0\\times 10^{-4}$ |\n| 2 star | $400$ | $1{,}000{,}000$ | $4.0\\times 10^{-4}$ |\n| 3 star | $250$ | $1{,}000{,}000$ | $2.5\\times 10^{-4}$ |\n| 4 star | $150$ | $1{,}000{,}000$ | $1.5\\times 10^{-4}$ |\n| 5 star | $100$ | $1{,}000{,}000$ | $1.0\\times 10^{-4}$ |\n\nThe per-class likelihoods $P(w \\mid c)$ sum to $\\sum_{c'} P(w \\mid c') = (5.0 + 4.0 +\n2.5 + 1.5 + 1.0)\\times 10^{-4} = 1.4\\times 10^{-3}$. The Potts score for each rating\nis that class's share of the total:\n\n$$\n\\PottsScore(\\text{disappointing}, 1) = \\frac{5.0\\times 10^{-4}}{1.4\\times 10^{-3}} = 0.357,\n\\qquad\n\\PottsScore(\\text{disappointing}, 5) = \\frac{1.0\\times 10^{-4}}{1.4\\times 10^{-3}} = 0.071,\n$$\n\nwith the intermediate ratings at $0.286$, $0.179$, and $0.107$. The profile\n$[0.357, 0.286, 0.179, 0.107, 0.071]$ falls monotonically from 1-star to 5-star — the\nreverse-J of a negative word — and it sums to $1$ by construction, so it reads as a\ndistribution over ratings. Normalizing by class size is what makes this fair: without\ndividing by the tokens-per-class, a rating level that simply has more reviews would\ninflate every word's count there.\n\n$$\n% caption: The worked Potts profile for \"disappointing\": the normalized share of the\n% word at each star rating, [0.357, 0.286, 0.179, 0.107, 0.071], falling from 1 to 5\n% stars. The monotone descent is the reverse-J signature of a negative word.\n\\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth, font=\\footnotesize]\n  \\definecolor{acc}{HTML}{2348F2}\n  \\definecolor{red}{HTML}{C0392B}\n  \\draw[->, black] (0,0) -- (0,2.7) node[above, black, font=\\scriptsize] {Potts share};\n  \\draw[->, black] (0,0) -- (5.4,0) node[right, black, font=\\scriptsize] {stars};\n  % bars: heights scaled x6 from [.357,.286,.179,.107,.071]\n  \\foreach \\c\u002F\\h\u002F\\lab in {1\u002F2.14\u002F0.357, 2\u002F1.72\u002F0.286, 3\u002F1.07\u002F0.179, 4\u002F0.64\u002F0.107, 5\u002F0.43\u002F0.071}{\n    \\fill[red!30] (\\c*0.9-0.28,0) rectangle (\\c*0.9+0.28,\\h);\n    \\draw[red] (\\c*0.9-0.28,0) rectangle (\\c*0.9+0.28,\\h);\n    \\node[black, anchor=north, font=\\scriptsize] at (\\c*0.9,-0.03) {\\c};\n    \\node[red, anchor=south, font=\\scriptsize] at (\\c*0.9,\\h) {\\lab};\n  }\n  \\node[red, anchor=west, font=\\scriptsize] at (4.4,1.9) {reverse J};\n\\end{tikzpicture}\n$$\n\nPlot the profile across ratings and the _shape_ tells you the word's sentiment.\nStrongly positive scalars (_excellent_) trace a rising **J**; strongly negative\nscalars (_terrible_) trace a reverse **J**; weakly polarized words (_good_,\n_disappointing_) make a hump, peaked just above or just below the middle.[^jm-potts]\n\n$$\n% caption: Potts-diagram shapes. Strongly positive words rise toward the top\n% rating (a J); strongly negative words fall (a reverse J); weakly polar words peak\n% in the middle (a hump). The shape is a typology of affective meaning.\n\\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth, font=\\footnotesize]\n  \\definecolor{acc}{HTML}{2348F2}\n  \\definecolor{red}{HTML}{C0392B}\n  % three mini-plots side by side\n  \\foreach \\dx\u002F\\lab\u002F\\col in {0\u002F{excellent (J)}\u002Facc, 5\u002F{terrible (rev J)}\u002Fred, 10\u002F{good (hump)}\u002Fblack}{\n    \\begin{scope}[xshift=\\dx cm]\n      \\draw[->, black] (0,0) -- (0,2.0);\n      \\draw[->, black] (0,0) -- (3.4,0) node[anchor=west, font=\\scriptsize] {rating};\n    \\end{scope}\n  }\n  % J for excellent\n  \\draw[acc, very thick] plot[smooth] coordinates {(0.3,0.25)(1.0,0.35)(1.7,0.55)(2.4,1.0)(3.0,1.75)};\n  \\node[acc, anchor=south, font=\\scriptsize] at (1.6,1.85) {excellent (J)};\n  % reverse J for terrible\n  \\draw[red, very thick] plot[smooth] coordinates {(5.3,1.75)(6.0,1.0)(6.7,0.55)(7.4,0.35)(8.0,0.25)};\n  \\node[red, anchor=south, font=\\scriptsize] at (6.6,1.85) {terrible (rev J)};\n  % hump for good\n  \\draw[black, very thick] plot[smooth] coordinates {(10.3,0.3)(11.0,0.9)(11.7,1.5)(12.4,0.9)(13.0,0.35)};\n  \\node[black, anchor=south, font=\\scriptsize] at (11.6,1.85) {good (hump)};\n\\end{tikzpicture}\n$$\n\nWhen the goal is instead to find the words that most _distinguish_ two classes\n(1-star versus 5-star, Democrat versus Republican), raw frequency differences\nmislead: every difference looks big for frequent words and small for rare ones.\nThe **log-odds-ratio with an informative Dirichlet prior** fixes this by shrinking\ncounts toward a large background corpus and reporting a $z$-score, so the words it\nsurfaces are genuinely over-represented, not just common. Applied to a Yelp\ncorpus, it recovers the obvious sentiment words (1-star: _worst, awful_; 5-star:\n_amazing, delicious_) but also subtler tells — 1-star reviews use logical\nnegation (_no, not_) and first-person plural (_we, us_), 5-star reviews use\nemphatics (_very, highly, always_).\n\n## Using a lexicon\n\nTwo uses, matching the two data regimes.[^jm-using] With **no training data**,\nrun a rule-based classifier: count positive-lexicon words and negative-lexicon\nwords in the document and pick the majority. If the lexicon carries weights\n$\\theta_w^+$ and $\\theta_w^-$, sum those instead, and classify by the ratio\nagainst a threshold $\\lambda$:\n\n$$\nf^+ = \\!\\!\\sum_{w \\in L^+}\\!\\! \\theta_w^+\\,\\count(w),\n\\qquad\nf^- = \\!\\!\\sum_{w \\in L^-}\\!\\! \\theta_w^-\\,\\count(w),\n\\qquad\n\\text{sentiment} =\n\\begin{cases}\n+ & \\text{if } f^+\u002Ff^- > \\lambda,\\\\\n- & \\text{if } f^-\u002Ff^+ > \\lambda,\\\\\n0 & \\text{otherwise.}\n\\end{cases}\n$$\n\nWith **training data**, the lexicon becomes a small set of features feeding a\n[logistic-regression](\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fclassification\u002Flogistic-regression)\nor SVM classifier, alongside the raw words. The simplest lexicon feature is an\nindicator — 1 if the document contains any word from lexicon $L$ — or a count,\n$f_L = \\sum_{w \\in L}\\count(w)$, optionally weighted by\n$\\theta_w^L$. This is the affect-recognition recipe too: label a training set for\nwhatever affective category you want (emotion, personality), extract word,\nbigram, and lexicon-count features, and train a standard classifier. When the\ntraining set is large and matched to the test set, using all the words as\nfeatures is very hard to beat; lexicon features help when data is\nsparse or the domains differ.\n\n## Connotation frames\n\nEvery lexicon so far pins a word to a point in affect space — one score, or one\ntriple. A **connotation frame** records something structurally richer: the\nsentiment a _predicate_ implies about each of its _arguments_.[^jm-conno] It\ncombines the affect lexicon with the frame-semantic idea that a verb has slots\n(agent, theme) each playing a role.\n\nConsider \"Country A **violated** the sovereignty of Country B.\" The verb\n_violate_ does more than express negativity; it takes a stance. It casts the\nobject (Country B) as a sympathetic victim, the subject (Country A) as the\nantagonist, and signals the writer's sympathy with B and antagonism toward A —\nall before you know anything about the countries. Contrast \"the teenager\n**survived** the bombing\": _survive_ makes its subject the sympathetic party and\nmarks the event as a hardship. The connotation is part of the verb's meaning.\n\n$$\n% caption: Connotation frames for \"survive\" and \"violate\". Arrows carry the\n% sentiment the writer implies toward each role. For survive the subject (Role1) is\n% sympathetic; for violate that positive sentiment shifts to the object (Role2).\n\\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth, font=\\scriptsize,\n  r\u002F.style={draw, minimum width=13mm, minimum height=6mm, align=center, font=\\scriptsize}]\n  \\definecolor{acc}{HTML}{2348F2}\n  \\definecolor{red}{HTML}{C0392B}\n  % --- survive (left) ---\n  \\node[font=\\footnotesize] at (0,2.4) {Role1 survives Role2};\n  \\node[r] (w1) at (0,1.4) {writer};\n  \\node[r, draw=acc, text=acc] (a1) at (-1.4,0) {Role1};\n  \\node[r, draw=red, text=red]  (b1) at (1.4,0)  {Role2};\n  \\draw[->, acc] (w1) -- (a1) node[midway, anchor=south east, font=\\scriptsize] {+};\n  \\draw[->, red] (w1) -- (b1) node[midway, anchor=south west, font=\\scriptsize] {-};\n  \\draw[->, red] (a1) -- (b1) node[midway, anchor=north, font=\\scriptsize] {-};\n  \\node[black, anchor=north, font=\\scriptsize, align=center] at (-1.4,-0.45) {sympathetic};\n  \\node[black, anchor=north, font=\\scriptsize, align=center] at (1.4,-0.45) {hardship};\n  % --- violate (right) ---\n  \\begin{scope}[xshift=6.2cm]\n    \\node[font=\\footnotesize] at (0,2.4) {Role1 violates Role2};\n    \\node[r] (w2) at (0,1.4) {writer};\n    \\node[r, draw=red, text=red]  (a2) at (-1.4,0) {Role1};\n    \\node[r, draw=acc, text=acc] (b2) at (1.4,0)  {Role2};\n    \\draw[->, red] (w2) -- (a2) node[midway, anchor=south east, font=\\scriptsize] {-};\n    \\draw[->, acc] (w2) -- (b2) node[midway, anchor=south west, font=\\scriptsize] {+};\n    \\draw[->, red] (a2) -- (b2) node[midway, anchor=north, font=\\scriptsize] {-};\n    \\node[black, anchor=north, font=\\scriptsize, align=center] at (-1.4,-0.45) {antagonist};\n    \\node[black, anchor=north, font=\\scriptsize, align=center] at (1.4,-0.45) {victim};\n  \\end{scope}\n\\end{tikzpicture}\n$$\n\nThe frame lexicons of Rashkin and Sap record several such relations per verb:\nthe writer's sentiment toward each role, the effect on each role (something bad\nhappened to it), its value, its mental state, the **power** differential (_implore_\nimplies the agent has _less_ power than the theme; _demand_ implies more), and\nthe **agency** of each argument (_waited_ is low-agency, _determined_ is high).\nTrained on such a lexicon, an entity-centric analysis of a novel or a plot\nsummary can chart each character: run it on _The Dark Knight_ and Batman comes\nout high-power, the Joker high-agency but low-sentiment, the love interest\nlow-power but high-sentiment — the affective structure of the story recovered\nfrom the connotations of its verbs.\n\n> **Definition (Connotation frame).** A lexicon entry for a predicate that\n> records the affective relations it implies among its arguments — the writer's\n> sentiment toward each role, and relations like power and agency between them —\n> rather than a single sentiment score for the word in isolation.\n\n## From lexicons to contextual sentiment\n\nA lexicon assigns a word one fixed score regardless of context, and that assumption\nis both its strength and its main limitation. Two lines of work past Jurafsky & Martin's core push\nagainst it while keeping the lexicon useful.\n\nThe first refines rule-based counting so it works on real text. **VADER** (Hutto &\nGilbert, 2014, ICWSM) is a hand-tuned, valence-aware lexicon-and-rules system built\nfor social media.[^vader] It starts from a crowd-scored lexicon but adds rules that a\nplain count ignores: punctuation and capitalization amplify intensity (`good` versus\n`GOOD!!!`), degree modifiers scale it (`extremely` up, `marginally` down), a\ncontrastive _but_ shifts the weight to the second clause, and — the case pure counting\ngets backwards — negation flips polarity, so `not good` is scored negative rather than\nas a positive word plus a negative one. Each is a failure mode of the\nthreshold classifier this lesson opened with, here handled by rules rather than learning,\nand VADER remains a strong zero-training-data baseline for short informal text.\n\nThe second line drops fixed scores entirely. A [transformer](\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ftransformers\u002Ftransformers-and-attention)\nsentiment classifier — a pretrained encoder such as BERT (Devlin et al., 2019, NAACL)\nfine-tuned on labeled reviews — represents each word _in context_, so the same word\ntakes different values in different sentences.[^devlin-sent] This resolves the case a\nlexicon cannot: _sick_ is negative in \"I feel sick\" and positive in \"that trick was\nsick,\" and _unpredictable_ praises a plot but pans a car. A fixed lexicon must pick\none sign; a contextual model reads the sign off the sentence. On benchmark sentiment\ntasks with adequate labeled data, these models are the accurate choice.\n\nLexicons remain useful for three reasons, each a limit of the\nneural approach. They need no training data, which matters for a new language or\ngenre; they are interpretable, so you can read _why_ a document scored as it did,\nwhich matters in the social-science settings LIWC and connotation frames were built\nfor; and they still supply useful features to a supervised model when labeled data is\nsparse. The methods in this lesson complement representation learning rather than\ncompete with it — and the semi-supervised induction methods, which run on\nthe same embedding geometry the neural models are built from, are the bridge between\nthe two.\n\n## Where this sits\n\nWord-level affect is the layer beneath document sentiment. Naive Bayes and\nlogistic regression pool words into a document label; a lexicon says what those\nwords mean one at a time, and can feed that meaning back as features or, with no\ntraining data at all, classify by counting. The semi-supervised induction\nmethods are the reason the next chapter matters: they run on\n[embeddings](\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fsemantics\u002Fvector-semantics-and-embeddings),\nturning the geometry of vector space into the poles and neighborhoods that carry\nsentiment from a handful of seeds to a lexicon of twenty thousand words.\n\n[^jm-intro]: **Jurafsky & Martin**, _Speech and Language Processing_ (3rd ed.), Ch. 20 — Lexicons for Sentiment, Affect, and Connotation: affective meaning as the emotion, sentiment, opinion, and evaluation a word carries; sentiment lexicons as lists of the words that cue affect most strongly, presupposing that words have fixed affective connotations.\n[^jm-emotion]: **Jurafsky & Martin**, §20.1 — Defining Emotion: the two NLP families of emotion theory — basic emotions (Ekman's six, Plutchik's eight in four opposing pairs) and dimensional models (valence, arousal, dominance), with sentiment as the valence axis.\n[^jm-lexicons]: **Jurafsky & Martin**, §20.2 — Available Sentiment and Affect Lexicons: General Inquirer, MPQA Subjectivity, the Hu & Liu opinion lexicon, NRC VAD, NRC EmoLex, and LIWC, and the binary-vs.-scored, one-vs.-multi-dimensional axes along which they differ.\n[^jm-human]: **Jurafsky & Martin**, §20.3 — Creating Affect Lexicons by Human Labeling: crowdsourced annotation, the EmoLex two-step sense-priming plus emotion-association scheme, and split-half reliability.\n[^jm-bws]: **Jurafsky & Martin**, §20.3 — best-worst scaling: annotators pick only the most and least extreme of four items; a word's score is the fraction chosen best minus the fraction chosen worst, as used to build the NRC VAD lexicon.\n[^jm-semisup]: **Jurafsky & Martin**, §20.4 — Semi-supervised Induction of Affect Lexicons: seed words at each pole plus a similarity metric, with genre-specific seed sets for general, Twitter, and financial text.\n[^jm-axis]: **Jurafsky & Martin**, §20.4.1 — Semantic Axis Methods: the Turney & Littman \u002F An et al. algorithm — pole centroids $V^+, V^-$, the axis $V_{\\text{axis}} = V^+ - V^-$, and scoring by cosine of a word's embedding with the axis.\n[^jm-sentprop]: **Jurafsky & Martin**, §20.4.2 — Label Propagation: the SentProp algorithm — a k-nearest-neighbor lexical graph, random walks from positive and negative seeds, combined polarity scores, and bootstrap confidence.\n[^jm-pmi]: **Jurafsky & Martin**, §20.4.3 and Bibliographical Notes — Turney's PMI-based semantic orientation: SO-PMI as PMI with the seed \"excellent\" minus PMI with \"poor\", estimated from co-occurrence counts.\n[^jm-super]: **Jurafsky & Martin**, §20.5 — Supervised Learning of Word Sentiment: review star ratings as free supervision, word sentiment as a distribution over rating classes, and the log-odds-ratio informative Dirichlet prior for finding class-distinguishing words.\n[^jm-potts]: **Jurafsky & Martin**, §20.5 — the Potts score and Potts diagrams: normalized likelihood across rating categories, and the J \u002F reverse-J \u002F hump shapes that distinguish strongly from weakly polar words.\n[^jm-using]: **Jurafsky & Martin**, §20.6–20.7 — Using Lexicons for Sentiment and Affect Recognition: rule-based counting with a threshold when unlabeled, and lexicon-count features (indicator, count, weighted) inside a supervised classifier when labeled.\n[^jm-conno]: **Jurafsky & Martin**, §20.9 — Connotation Frames: predicates that imply sentiment, effect, value, mental state, power, and agency about their arguments, illustrated by _survive_ and _violate_ and the entity-centric analysis of characters.\n[^vader]: **C. J. Hutto & E. Gilbert**, \"VADER: A Parsimonious Rule-based Model for Sentiment Analysis of Social Media Text,\" _Proceedings of ICWSM_, 2014 — a valence-aware lexicon plus five heuristics (punctuation and capitalization amplification, degree modifiers, contrastive _but_, and negation flipping) that make rule-based counting competitive on short informal text without training data.\n[^devlin-sent]: **J. Devlin, M.-W. Chang, K. Lee, K. Toutanova**, \"BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding,\" _Proceedings of NAACL-HLT_, 2019 — a pretrained transformer fine-tuned for sentiment, giving each word a context-dependent representation so that a word's contribution can change sign with the sentence, unlike a fixed-score lexicon.\n",{"text":9648,"minutes":9649,"time":9650,"words":9651},"18 min read",17.685,1061100,3537,{"title":5,"description":9636},[9654,9657,9659],{"book":9655,"ref":9656},"Jurafsky","Ch. 20 — Lexicons for Sentiment, Affect, and Connotation; §20.1 Defining Emotion; §20.2 Available Lexicons",{"book":9655,"ref":9658},"§20.3 Creating Affect Lexicons by Human Labeling; §20.4 Semi-supervised Induction; §20.5 Supervised Learning of Word Sentiment",{"book":9655,"ref":9660},"§20.6–20.7 Using Lexicons; §20.9 Connotation Frames","available","09.natural-language-processing\u002F02.classification\u002F04.sentiment-and-affect-lexicons","A sentiment lexicon is a list of words annotated with the affective meaning they carry — positive or negative, or scores along valence, arousal, and dominance. We fix what \"emotion\" means (basic-emotion versus dimensional models), survey the standard lexicons, and then build lexicons three ways: by human labeling with best-worst scaling, by semi-supervised induction from seed words over an embedding space, and by supervised learning from starred reviews. We close on connotation frames, which record the sentiment a verb implies about each of its arguments.\n",[9665],"Classification","n_iQqXRnEKEgfTGTo3iX1q3fHk5s9qu1sa00hY3nTvU",{"\u002Falgorithms\u002Ffoundations\u002Fwhat-is-an-algorithm":9668,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Ffoundations\u002Fproof-techniques":9669,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Ffoundations\u002Fasymptotic-analysis":9670,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Ffoundations\u002Fgrowth-rates-and-loop-analysis":9671,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Ffoundations\u002Frecurrences":9672,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Ffoundations\u002Famortized-analysis":9673,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdivide-and-conquer\u002Fmergesort":9674,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdivide-and-conquer\u002Fquicksort":9675,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdivide-and-conquer\u002Fselection":9676,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdivide-and-conquer\u002Ffast-multiplication":9677,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsorting\u002Fheaps-and-heapsort":9678,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsorting\u002Fsorting-lower-bounds":9679,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsorting\u002Flinear-time-sorting":9680,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsorting\u002Fexternal-sorting":9681,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Felementary-structures":9682,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Fhash-tables":9683,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Fbinary-search-trees":9684,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Favl-trees":9685,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Fbalanced-trees":9686,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Funion-find":9687,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Ffenwick-and-segment-trees":9688,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Fspatial-data-structures":9689,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Fskip-lists-and-probabilistic-structures":9690,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Fb-trees":9691,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Fdata-stream-algorithms":9692,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Fstreaming-sketches":9693,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsequences\u002Ftwo-pointers-and-windows":9694,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsequences\u002Fprefix-sums":9695,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsequences\u002Fmonotonic-stacks":9696,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsequences\u002Fbinary-search-on-the-answer":9697,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsequences\u002Fstring-matching":9698,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsequences\u002Fkmp-and-z-function":9699,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsequences\u002Ftries":9700,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsequences\u002Fsuffix-arrays-and-aho-corasick":9701,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Frepresentations-and-traversal":9702,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fdepth-first-search":9703,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Ftopological-sort-and-scc":9704,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fminimum-spanning-trees":9705,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fkruskal-and-prim":9706,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fshortest-paths":9707,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fall-pairs-and-negative-weights":9708,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fnetwork-flow":9709,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fmax-flow-min-cut":9710,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fbridges-and-articulation-points":9711,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Flowest-common-ancestor":9712,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Ftwo-sat":9713,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Feulerian-tours":9714,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fbipartite-matching":9715,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgreedy\u002Fthe-greedy-method":9716,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgreedy\u002Fscheduling-and-intervals":9717,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgreedy\u002Fhuffman-codes":9718,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgreedy\u002Fmatroids":9719,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgreedy\u002Fstable-matching":9720,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Fprinciples":9721,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Fsequence-dp":9722,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Flongest-increasing-subsequence":9723,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Fknapsack":9724,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Fcoin-change-and-unbounded":9725,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Finterval-dp":9726,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Ftree-dp":9727,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Fbitmask-dp":9728,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Fdp-optimizations":9729,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Fdp-on-graphs":9730,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Fdigit-and-probability-dp":9731,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fbacktracking\u002Fbacktracking-fundamentals":9732,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fbacktracking\u002Fconstraint-search":9733,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fbacktracking\u002Fbranch-and-bound":9734,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fbacktracking\u002Fgraph-backtracking":9735,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fmathematical-algorithms\u002Fnumber-theory-basics":9736,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fmathematical-algorithms\u002Fmodular-exponentiation-and-primality":9737,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fmathematical-algorithms\u002Fsieve-and-factorization":9738,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fmathematical-algorithms\u002Fcombinatorics":9739,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fmathematical-algorithms\u002Fmatrix-exponentiation":9740,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fmathematical-algorithms\u002Ffast-fourier-transform":9741,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fmathematical-algorithms\u002Fgradient-descent":9742,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fcomputational-geometry\u002Fgeometric-primitives":9743,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fcomputational-geometry\u002Fconvex-hull":9744,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fcomputational-geometry\u002Fsweep-line":9745,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fcomputational-geometry\u002Fpolygons-and-proximity":9746,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fintractability\u002Fp-np-reductions":9747,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fintractability\u002Fnp-completeness":9748,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fintractability\u002Fcoping-with-hardness":9749,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fintractability\u002Fapproximation-algorithms":9750,"\u002Falgorithms":9751,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Flimits-and-continuity\u002Ffunctions-and-models":9752,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Flimits-and-continuity\u002Fthe-limit-of-a-function":9753,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Flimits-and-continuity\u002Flimit-laws-and-the-precise-definition":9754,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Flimits-and-continuity\u002Fcontinuity":9755,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fderivatives\u002Fthe-derivative-and-rates-of-change":9756,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fderivatives\u002Fdifferentiation-rules-and-the-chain-rule":9757,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fderivatives\u002Fimplicit-differentiation-and-related-rates":9758,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fderivatives\u002Flinear-approximations-and-differentials":9759,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fapplications-of-derivatives\u002Fextrema-and-the-mean-value-theorem":9760,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fapplications-of-derivatives\u002Fhow-derivatives-shape-a-graph":9761,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fapplications-of-derivatives\u002Fcurve-sketching-and-optimization":9762,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fapplications-of-derivatives\u002Fnewtons-method-and-antiderivatives":9763,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fintegrals\u002Farea-and-the-definite-integral":9764,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fintegrals\u002Fthe-fundamental-theorem-of-calculus":9765,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fintegrals\u002Fthe-substitution-rule":9766,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fapplications-of-integration\u002Fareas-and-volumes":9767,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fapplications-of-integration\u002Fwork-average-value-and-arc-length":9768,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fapplications-of-integration\u002Fphysics-economics-and-probability":9769,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fexponential-logarithmic-and-inverse-functions\u002Finverse-functions-logarithms-and-exponentials":9770,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fexponential-logarithmic-and-inverse-functions\u002Fgrowth-decay-inverse-trig-and-hyperbolic-functions":9771,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fexponential-logarithmic-and-inverse-functions\u002Flhospitals-rule":9772,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Ftechniques-of-integration\u002Fintegration-by-parts":9773,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Ftechniques-of-integration\u002Ftrigonometric-integrals-and-substitution":9774,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Ftechniques-of-integration\u002Fpartial-fractions-and-integration-strategy":9775,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Ftechniques-of-integration\u002Fapproximate-and-improper-integrals":9776,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fparametric-and-polar\u002Fparametric-curves-and-their-calculus":9777,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fparametric-and-polar\u002Fpolar-coordinates":9778,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fparametric-and-polar\u002Fconic-sections":9779,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fsequences-and-series\u002Fsequences":9780,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fsequences-and-series\u002Fseries-and-the-integral-test":9781,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fsequences-and-series\u002Fthe-convergence-tests":9782,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fsequences-and-series\u002Fpower-series":9783,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fsequences-and-series\u002Ftaylor-and-maclaurin-series":9784,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fvectors-and-space-curves\u002Fvectors-and-the-dot-product":9785,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fvectors-and-space-curves\u002Fthe-cross-product-lines-and-planes":9766,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fvectors-and-space-curves\u002Fcylinders-and-quadric-surfaces":9786,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fvectors-and-space-curves\u002Fvector-functions-and-space-curves":9787,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fvectors-and-space-curves\u002Farc-length-curvature-and-motion":9788,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fpartial-derivatives\u002Ffunctions-of-several-variables":9756,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fpartial-derivatives\u002Fpartial-derivatives":9789,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fpartial-derivatives\u002Ftangent-planes-and-the-chain-rule":9790,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fpartial-derivatives\u002Fdirectional-derivatives-and-the-gradient":9791,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fpartial-derivatives\u002Foptimization-and-lagrange-multipliers":9792,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fmultiple-integrals-and-vector-calculus\u002Fdouble-integrals":9793,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fmultiple-integrals-and-vector-calculus\u002Ftriple-integrals-and-coordinate-systems":9794,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fmultiple-integrals-and-vector-calculus\u002Fvector-fields-and-line-integrals":9795,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fmultiple-integrals-and-vector-calculus\u002Fgreens-theorem-curl-and-divergence":9796,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fmultiple-integrals-and-vector-calculus\u002Fsurface-integrals":9797,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fmultiple-integrals-and-vector-calculus\u002Fstokes-and-the-divergence-theorem":9798,"\u002Fcalculus":9799,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Ffoundations\u002Fmeasurement-and-dimensions":9800,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Ffoundations\u002Fvector-algebra":9801,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fkinematics\u002Fone-dimensional-motion":9802,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fkinematics\u002Fmotion-graphs":9803,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fkinematics\u002Fprojectile-motion":9804,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fkinematics\u002Frelative-motion":9805,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fkinematics\u002Fcircular-motion":9806,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fdynamics\u002Fnewtons-laws":9807,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fdynamics\u002Ffree-body-diagrams":9808,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fdynamics\u002Ffriction-and-curved-motion":9809,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fdynamics\u002Fnumerical-dynamics":9810,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fdynamics\u002Fcenter-of-mass-systems":9811,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fenergy\u002Fwork-and-kinetic-energy":9812,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fenergy\u002Fpotential-energy":9813,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fenergy\u002Fmultiparticle-work":9814,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fenergy\u002Fmass-energy-and-binding":9815,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fenergy\u002Fphotons-and-quantization":9816,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fmomentum\u002Fmomentum-and-collisions":9817,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fmomentum\u002Fcenter-of-mass-collisions":9818,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fmomentum\u002Frocket-propulsion":9819,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Frotation\u002Frotational-inertia":9820,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Frotation\u002Frotational-dynamics":9821,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Frotation\u002Frolling-motion":9822,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Frotation\u002Fangular-momentum":9823,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Frotation\u002Frolling-resistance":9824,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Frotation\u002Fgyroscopic-precession":9825,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fgravity-and-matter\u002Fkeplerian-orbits":9826,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fgravity-and-matter\u002Fgravitational-fields":9827,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fgravity-and-matter\u002Fstatic-equilibrium":9828,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fgravity-and-matter\u002Ffluid-statics":9829,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fgravity-and-matter\u002Ffluid-flow":9830,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fgravity-and-matter\u002Forbital-motion":9831,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fgravity-and-matter\u002Fstress-and-elasticity":9832,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fdamped-oscillators":9833,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Ftravelling-waves":9834,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fwave-superposition":9835,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fstanding-waves":9836,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fsound-waves":9837,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fdoppler-effect":9838,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fwave-packets":9839,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fbeats-and-coupling":9840,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fsimple-harmonic-motion":9841,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fpendulum-motion":9842,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fdriven-oscillators":9843,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fwave-boundaries":9844,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fkinetic-theory-of-ideal-gases":9845,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Ffirst-law-of-thermodynamics":9846,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fentropy-and-the-second-law":9847,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fthermal-processes":9848,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fphase-changes":9849,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fthermal-machines":9850,"\u002Fmechanics":9851,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-fields\u002Fcharge-and-conductors":9852,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-fields\u002Fcoulombs-law":9853,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-fields\u002Felectric-field-and-force":9854,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-fields\u002Felectric-field-maps":9855,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-fields\u002Felectric-dipoles":9856,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fcontinuous-charge-distributions\u002Fcontinuous-charge-fields":9857,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fcontinuous-charge-distributions\u002Fgauss-law-and-conductors":9858,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-potential\u002Fpoint-charge-potential":9859,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-potential\u002Fpotential-gradients-and-equipotentials":9860,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-potential\u002Felectrostatic-energy-and-pressure":9861,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-potential\u002Flaplace-boundary-problems":9862,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-potential\u002Fcontinuous-charge-potentials":9863,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fcapacitance\u002Fcapacitance-fundamentals":9840,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fcapacitance\u002Fcapacitor-networks":9864,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fcapacitance\u002Fcapacitor-energy-and-force":9865,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fcapacitance\u002Fdielectric-polarization-and-breakdown":9866,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fdirect-current-circuits\u002Fcurrent-and-resistance":9836,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fdirect-current-circuits\u002Fkirchhoff-network-analysis":9701,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fdirect-current-circuits\u002Frc-transients":9867,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-field\u002Fmagnetic-trajectories":9827,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-field\u002Fhall-effect":9868,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-field\u002Fmagnetic-force-on-conductors":9869,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-field\u002Fmagnetic-dipoles":9870,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-field\u002Fmass-spectrometry":9871,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-sources\u002Fmoving-charge-fields":9872,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-sources\u002Fbiot-savart-law":9873,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-sources\u002Fcircular-current-loops":9874,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-sources\u002Famperes-law":9875,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-sources\u002Fgauss-law-for-magnetism":9876,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-sources\u002Fmagnetic-materials":9801,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectromagnetic-induction\u002Fmagnetic-flux":9877,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectromagnetic-induction\u002Ffaradays-law":9878,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectromagnetic-induction\u002Flenzs-law":9879,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectromagnetic-induction\u002Fmotional-emf":9880,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectromagnetic-induction\u002Feddy-currents":9881,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectromagnetic-induction\u002Fself-inductance":9882,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectromagnetic-induction\u002Fmagnetic-energy":9883,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectromagnetic-induction\u002Frl-circuits":9884,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Falternating-current\u002Fac-fundamentals":9819,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Falternating-current\u002Freactance":9818,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Falternating-current\u002Frlc-resonance":9885,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Falternating-current\u002Fac-power":9886,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Falternating-current\u002Ftransformers":9887,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmaxwell-electromagnetic-waves\u002Fdisplacement-current":9888,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmaxwell-electromagnetic-waves\u002Felectromagnetic-waves":9889,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmaxwell-electromagnetic-waves\u002Felectromagnetic-momentum":9890,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmaxwell-electromagnetic-waves\u002Fdipole-radiation":9891,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmaxwell-electromagnetic-waves\u002Fpolarization":9892,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Foptics\u002Freflection-and-refraction":9893,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Foptics\u002Fthin-lenses":9845,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Foptics\u002Fspherical-mirrors":9843,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism":9894,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Flinear-systems\u002Fsystems-and-echelon-forms":9895,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Flinear-systems\u002Fvector-and-matrix-equations":9896,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Flinear-systems\u002Fsolution-sets-and-applications":9897,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Flinear-systems\u002Flinear-independence":9898,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Flinear-systems\u002Flinear-transformations":9899,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fmatrix-algebra\u002Fmatrix-operations":9900,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fmatrix-algebra\u002Fmatrix-inverse-and-invertibility":9901,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fmatrix-algebra\u002Fpartitioned-matrices-and-lu":9902,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fmatrix-algebra\u002Fsubspaces-dimension-rank":9903,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fmatrix-algebra\u002Fapplications-leontief-and-graphics":9753,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fdeterminants\u002Fdeterminants-and-cofactors":9904,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fdeterminants\u002Fproperties-of-determinants":9905,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fdeterminants\u002Fcramer-volume-and-area":9757,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fvector-spaces\u002Fvector-spaces-and-subspaces":9906,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fvector-spaces\u002Fnull-and-column-spaces":9907,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fvector-spaces\u002Fbases-and-independent-sets":9908,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fvector-spaces\u002Fcoordinate-systems":9909,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fvector-spaces\u002Fdimension-and-rank":9910,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fvector-spaces\u002Fchange-of-basis":9911,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fvector-spaces\u002Fdifference-equations-and-markov":9912,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Feigenvalues\u002Feigenvectors-and-eigenvalues":9913,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Feigenvalues\u002Fthe-characteristic-equation":9914,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Feigenvalues\u002Fdiagonalization":9915,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Feigenvalues\u002Feigenvectors-and-linear-transformations":9916,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Feigenvalues\u002Fcomplex-eigenvalues":9917,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Feigenvalues\u002Fdynamical-systems":9918,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Feigenvalues\u002Fpower-method":9919,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Forthogonality-least-squares\u002Finner-product-length-orthogonality":9920,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Forthogonality-least-squares\u002Forthogonal-sets-and-projections":9921,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Forthogonality-least-squares\u002Fgram-schmidt-and-qr":9922,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Forthogonality-least-squares\u002Fleast-squares-problems":9923,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Forthogonality-least-squares\u002Fleast-squares-applications":9924,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Forthogonality-least-squares\u002Finner-product-spaces":9925,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fsymmetric-quadratic-svd\u002Fdiagonalizing-symmetric-matrices":9792,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fsymmetric-quadratic-svd\u002Fquadratic-forms":9926,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fsymmetric-quadratic-svd\u002Fconstrained-optimization":9927,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fsymmetric-quadratic-svd\u002Fsingular-value-decomposition":9928,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fsymmetric-quadratic-svd\u002Fsvd-applications-pca-imaging":9929,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fnumerical-linear-algebra\u002Fnumerical-thinking-and-matrix-computation":9930,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fnumerical-linear-algebra\u002Flu-and-cholesky":9931,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fnumerical-linear-algebra\u002Fconditioning-and-floating-point":9932,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fnumerical-linear-algebra\u002Fstability-and-error-analysis":9933,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fnumerical-linear-algebra\u002Fqr-and-numerical-least-squares":9934,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fnumerical-linear-algebra\u002Fnumerical-eigenvalues-and-svd":9935,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fgeometry-of-vector-spaces\u002Faffine-combinations":9936,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fgeometry-of-vector-spaces\u002Faffine-independence-and-barycentric-coordinates":9937,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fgeometry-of-vector-spaces\u002Fconvex-combinations-and-convex-sets":9938,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fgeometry-of-vector-spaces\u002Fhyperplanes-and-polytopes":9939,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fgeometry-of-vector-spaces\u002Fcurves-and-surfaces":9940,"\u002Flinear-algebra":9941,"\u002Ftheory-of-computation":9942,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Ffoundations\u002Fbits-bytes-and-words":9943,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Ffoundations\u002Finteger-representation":9944,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Ffoundations\u002Finteger-arithmetic":9945,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Ffoundations\u002Ffloating-point":9946,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Ffoundations\u002Fboolean-algebra-and-bit-manipulation":9947,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmachine-level-x86-64\u002Fthe-machines-view":9948,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmachine-level-x86-64\u002Fdata-movement":9949,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmachine-level-x86-64\u002Farithmetic-and-logic":9950,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmachine-level-x86-64\u002Fcontrol-flow":9951,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmachine-level-x86-64\u002Fprocedures":9952,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmachine-level-x86-64\u002Farrays-structs-and-alignment":9953,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmachine-level-x86-64\u002Fmemory-layout-and-buffer-overflows":9954,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Finstruction-set-architecture\u002Fwhat-an-isa-is":9955,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Finstruction-set-architecture\u002Finstruction-formats-and-operands":9956,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Finstruction-set-architecture\u002Faddressing-modes":9957,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Finstruction-set-architecture\u002Fthe-y86-64-instruction-set":9958,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Finstruction-set-architecture\u002Fy86-64-programming":9959,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fdigital-logic\u002Ftransistors-gates-and-boolean-functions":9960,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fdigital-logic\u002Fcombinational-logic-and-hcl":9961,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fdigital-logic\u002Fmultiplexers-decoders-and-the-alu":9962,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fdigital-logic\u002Fmemory-elements-latches-flip-flops-and-clocking":9963,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fdigital-logic\u002Fregister-files-and-random-access-memory":9964,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fprocessor-design\u002Fthe-fetch-decode-execute-cycle":9965,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fprocessor-design\u002Fthe-seq-stages":9966,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fprocessor-design\u002Fcontrol-logic-and-sequencing":9967,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fprocessor-design\u002Fassembling-seq":9968,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fprocessor-design\u002Ftracing-a-program":9969,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fpipelining\u002Fpipelining-principles":9970,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fpipelining\u002Ffrom-seq-to-pipe":9971,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fpipelining\u002Fdata-hazards-stalling-and-forwarding":9972,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fpipelining\u002Fcontrol-hazards-and-branch-prediction":9973,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fpipelining\u002Fthe-complete-pipe-processor":9974,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmemory-hierarchy\u002Fstorage-technologies-and-the-latency-gap":9975,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmemory-hierarchy\u002Flocality":9976,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmemory-hierarchy\u002Fcache-memories-direct-mapped":9977,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmemory-hierarchy\u002Fset-associative-and-write-policies":9978,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmemory-hierarchy\u002Fcache-performance-and-cache-friendly-code":9979,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fvirtual-memory\u002Faddress-spaces-and-translation":9980,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fvirtual-memory\u002Fpage-tables-and-page-faults":9981,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fvirtual-memory\u002Fthe-tlb-and-multi-level-page-tables":9982,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fexceptions-and-io\u002Fexceptional-control-flow":9983,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fexceptions-and-io\u002Finterrupts-and-the-kernel":9984,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmultithreading-and-multicore\u002Fprocesses-threads-and-parallelism":9985,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmultithreading-and-multicore\u002Fhardware-multithreading":9986,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmultithreading-and-multicore\u002Fcache-coherence":9987,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmultithreading-and-multicore\u002Fmemory-consistency-and-synchronization":9988,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmultithreading-and-multicore\u002Fmulticore-organization":9989,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fcapstone\u002Fthe-whole-machine":9990,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fcapstone\u002Fassembling-a-complete-cpu":9991,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture":9942,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Ffoundations\u002Fmodels-and-direction-fields":9992,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Ffoundations\u002Fclassification-and-terminology":9993,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Ffirst-order\u002Flinear-first-order-integrating-factors":9994,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Ffirst-order\u002Fseparable-and-exact":9757,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Ffirst-order\u002Fmodeling-first-order":9995,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Ffirst-order\u002Fautonomous-and-population-dynamics":9756,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Ffirst-order\u002Fexistence-uniqueness-euler":9763,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Ffirst-order\u002Ffirst-order-difference-equations":9996,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsecond-order-linear\u002Fhomogeneous-constant-coefficients":9997,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsecond-order-linear\u002Fcomplex-and-repeated-roots":9797,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsecond-order-linear\u002Fnonhomogeneous-undetermined-coefficients":9998,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsecond-order-linear\u002Fvariation-of-parameters":9999,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsecond-order-linear\u002Fmechanical-electrical-vibrations":10000,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsecond-order-linear\u002Fhigher-order-linear":10001,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fseries-solutions\u002Fpower-series-ordinary-points":10002,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fseries-solutions\u002Fregular-singular-frobenius":10003,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fseries-solutions\u002Fbessel-and-special-functions":10004,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Flaplace\u002Flaplace-definition-ivps":10005,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Flaplace\u002Fstep-impulse-convolution":10006,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsystems\u002Fmatrices-eigenvalues-review":10007,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsystems\u002Fconstant-coefficient-systems-phase-portraits":10008,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsystems\u002Frepeated-eigenvalues-fundamental-matrices":10009,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fnumerical\u002Feuler-and-runge-kutta":10004,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fnumerical\u002Fmultistep-systems-stability":10010,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fnonlinear\u002Fphase-plane-autonomous-stability":10011,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fnonlinear\u002Flocally-linear-and-liapunov":10012,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fnonlinear\u002Fcompeting-species-predator-prey-limit-cycles":10013,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fpdes-fourier-bvp\u002Ffourier-series":10014,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fpdes-fourier-bvp\u002Fheat-wave-laplace-equations":10015,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fpdes-fourier-bvp\u002Fsturm-liouville":10016,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fhistory-variations\u002Fcalculus-of-variations":10017,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fhistory-variations\u002Fhistorical-notes":10018,"\u002Fdifferential-equations":10019,"\u002Frelativity\u002Ffoundations\u002Fspecial-relativity-postulates":10020,"\u002Frelativity\u002Ffoundations\u002Florentz-transformation-spacetime":10021,"\u002Frelativity\u002Ffoundations\u002Ftime-dilation-length-contraction":10022,"\u002Frelativity\u002Ffoundations\u002Frelativistic-momentum-energy":10023,"\u002Frelativity\u002Ffoundations\u002Fgeneral-relativity":9902,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fspacetime-and-the-lorentz-group\u002Fminkowski-spacetime-and-the-interval":10024,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fspacetime-and-the-lorentz-group\u002Ffour-vectors-and-index-notation":10025,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fspacetime-and-the-lorentz-group\u002Fthe-lorentz-group-and-rapidity":10026,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fspacetime-and-the-lorentz-group\u002Fdoppler-aberration-and-appearance":10027,"\u002Frelativity\u002Frelativistic-dynamics\u002Ffour-momentum-force-and-accelerated-motion":10028,"\u002Frelativity\u002Frelativistic-dynamics\u002Fparticle-decays-and-two-body-kinematics":10029,"\u002Frelativity\u002Frelativistic-dynamics\u002Fcollisions-thresholds-and-the-cm-frame":9772,"\u002Frelativity\u002Frelativistic-dynamics\u002Fmandelstam-variables-and-invariants":10030,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcovariant-electrodynamics\u002Ffour-current-and-the-four-potential":10031,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcovariant-electrodynamics\u002Fthe-electromagnetic-field-tensor":10032,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcovariant-electrodynamics\u002Ftransformation-of-electric-and-magnetic-fields":10033,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcovariant-electrodynamics\u002Fcovariant-maxwell-and-the-stress-energy-tensor":10034,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcurved-spacetime\u002Fthe-equivalence-principle-formalized":10035,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcurved-spacetime\u002Fmanifolds-vectors-and-the-metric":10036,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcurved-spacetime\u002Fcovariant-derivative-and-christoffel-symbols":10037,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcurved-spacetime\u002Fgeodesics-and-the-geodesic-equation":10038,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcurved-spacetime\u002Fcurvature-riemann-and-geodesic-deviation":10039,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcurved-spacetime\u002Fthe-einstein-field-equations":9994,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fthe-schwarzschild-solution\u002Fthe-schwarzschild-metric":10040,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fthe-schwarzschild-solution\u002Fgeodesics-and-orbits-in-schwarzschild":10041,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fthe-schwarzschild-solution\u002Flight-bending-and-null-geodesics":10042,"\u002Frelativity\u002Ftests-of-general-relativity\u002Fperihelion-precession-of-mercury":10043,"\u002Frelativity\u002Ftests-of-general-relativity\u002Fdeflection-of-light-and-gravitational-lensing":10044,"\u002Frelativity\u002Ftests-of-general-relativity\u002Fgravitational-redshift-and-shapiro-delay":9923,"\u002Frelativity\u002Ftests-of-general-relativity\u002Frelativity-in-technology-gps":10045,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fblack-holes\u002Fhorizons-and-coordinate-singularities":10046,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fblack-holes\u002Frotating-and-charged-black-holes":9933,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fblack-holes\u002Fblack-hole-thermodynamics":10047,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fgravitational-waves\u002Flinearized-gravity-and-wave-solutions":10048,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fgravitational-waves\u002Fgeneration-and-the-quadrupole-formula":10049,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fgravitational-waves\u002Fdetection-ligo-and-the-first-events":10050,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcosmological-bridge\u002Fthe-cosmological-principle-and-flrw-metric":10051,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcosmological-bridge\u002Ffriedmann-equations-and-cosmic-dynamics":10052,"\u002Frelativity":10053,"\u002Fphysical-computing":9942,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fold-quantum-theory\u002Fblackbody-radiation-and-the-planck-quantum":10054,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fold-quantum-theory\u002Fthe-photoelectric-effect-and-the-photon":10033,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fold-quantum-theory\u002Fx-rays-and-the-compton-effect":10055,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fold-quantum-theory\u002Fthe-old-quantum-theory-bohr-and-sommerfeld":10056,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fmatter-waves\u002Fde-broglie-waves-and-electron-diffraction":10057,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fmatter-waves\u002Fwave-packets-and-the-probability-interpretation":10058,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fmatter-waves\u002Fthe-uncertainty-principle":10059,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fwave-mechanics-1d\u002Fthe-schrodinger-equation-in-one-dimension":10060,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fwave-mechanics-1d\u002Fthe-free-particle-and-wave-packet-dynamics":10061,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fwave-mechanics-1d\u002Fparticle-in-infinite-and-finite-square-wells":10009,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fwave-mechanics-1d\u002Foperators-expectation-values-and-the-harmonic-oscillator":9933,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fwave-mechanics-1d\u002Fthe-dirac-delta-potential":10062,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fwave-mechanics-1d\u002Fbarrier-penetration-and-quantum-tunneling":10063,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fformalism\u002Fhilbert-space-and-dirac-notation":10064,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fformalism\u002Fobservables-hermitian-operators-and-eigenvalues":10065,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fformalism\u002Fthe-postulates-and-quantum-measurement":10061,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fformalism\u002Fposition-momentum-and-continuous-spectra":10066,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fformalism\u002Fcommutators-and-the-generalized-uncertainty-principle":10041,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fformalism\u002Ftime-evolution-schrodinger-and-heisenberg-pictures":9794,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Foscillator-and-symmetry\u002Fladder-operators-and-the-number-states":10067,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Foscillator-and-symmetry\u002Fcoherent-and-squeezed-states":10068,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Foscillator-and-symmetry\u002Fsymmetries-generators-and-conservation-laws":9774,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Foscillator-and-symmetry\u002Fparity-time-reversal-and-discrete-symmetries":10069,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fangular-momentum\u002Forbital-angular-momentum-and-spherical-harmonics":10070,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fangular-momentum\u002Fthe-angular-momentum-algebra":10071,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fangular-momentum\u002Faddition-of-angular-momenta-and-clebsch-gordan":10072,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fcentral-potentials\u002Fthe-schrodinger-equation-in-three-dimensions":10073,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fcentral-potentials\u002Fthe-hydrogen-atom":10074,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fcentral-potentials\u002Fthe-isotropic-oscillator-and-hidden-symmetry":10075,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fspin\u002Fspin-half-pauli-matrices-and-stern-gerlach":10076,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fspin\u002Fspin-in-a-magnetic-field-precession-and-resonance":10077,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fspin\u002Ftwo-level-systems-and-the-bloch-sphere":10033,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fidentical-particles\u002Fidentical-particles-and-exchange-symmetry":10078,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fidentical-particles\u002Fthe-pauli-principle-atoms-and-the-periodic-table":10079,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fapproximation-methods\u002Ftime-independent-perturbation-theory":10080,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fapproximation-methods\u002Ffine-structure-and-the-real-hydrogen-atom":10067,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fapproximation-methods\u002Fthe-zeeman-and-stark-effects":9755,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fapproximation-methods\u002Fthe-variational-method":10081,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fapproximation-methods\u002Fthe-wkb-approximation":10082,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics":10083,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Ffoundations\u002Fsets-logic-functions":10017,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Ffoundations\u002Fordered-fields-completeness":10084,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Ffoundations\u002Fabsolute-value-bounds":10085,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Ffoundations\u002Fintervals-uncountability":9906,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fsequences-series\u002Fsequences-limits":10086,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fsequences-series\u002Flimit-laws-monotone":9792,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fsequences-series\u002Flimsup-bolzano-weierstrass":10087,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fsequences-series\u002Fcauchy-completeness":10088,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fsequences-series\u002Fseries-convergence":9929,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fsequences-series\u002Fabsolute-conditional-rearrangement":10039,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fmetric-spaces\u002Fmetric-spaces-norms":10089,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fmetric-spaces\u002Fopen-closed-sets":10090,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fmetric-spaces\u002Fconvergence-completeness":10091,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fmetric-spaces\u002Fcompactness":10092,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fmetric-spaces\u002Fconnectedness":10093,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fcontinuity\u002Flimits-of-functions":10066,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fcontinuity\u002Fcontinuous-functions":10094,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fcontinuity\u002Fevt-ivt":9899,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fcontinuity\u002Funiform-continuity":10095,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fcontinuity\u002Fcontinuity-metric-spaces":10096,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fcontinuity\u002Flimits-infinity-monotone":9753,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fdifferentiation\u002Fthe-derivative":10097,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fdifferentiation\u002Fmean-value-theorem":10098,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fdifferentiation\u002Ftaylors-theorem":10055,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fdifferentiation\u002Finverse-function-1d":9782,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Friemann-integration\u002Fdarboux-integral":9933,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Friemann-integration\u002Fintegrability-classes":10099,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Friemann-integration\u002Fproperties-of-the-integral":10100,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Friemann-integration\u002Ffundamental-theorem":9918,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Friemann-integration\u002Flog-exp-improper":10043,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Ffunction-sequences\u002Fpointwise-uniform-convergence":10101,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Ffunction-sequences\u002Finterchange-of-limits":10102,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Ffunction-sequences\u002Fpower-series-weierstrass":10103,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Ffunction-sequences\u002Fpicard-ode":9938,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fseveral-variables\u002Fdifferentiability-rn":10104,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fseveral-variables\u002Fgradient-chain-rule":10105,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fseveral-variables\u002Fhigher-derivatives-taylor-extrema":10106,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fseveral-variables\u002Finverse-implicit-theorems":10106,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fseveral-variables\u002Fmultiple-integrals":10107,"\u002Freal-analysis":10108,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffoundations\u002Fsets-functions-relations":10109,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffoundations\u002Fintegers-and-modular-arithmetic":10110,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgroups-and-symmetry\u002Fgroup-axioms-and-first-examples":10111,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgroups-and-symmetry\u002Fdihedral-and-symmetric-groups":10112,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgroups-and-symmetry\u002Fmatrix-and-quaternion-groups":10113,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgroups-and-symmetry\u002Fhomomorphisms-and-group-actions":10114,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fsubgroups-and-quotients\u002Fsubgroups-and-substructures":10115,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fsubgroups-and-quotients\u002Fcyclic-groups":10116,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fsubgroups-and-quotients\u002Fgeneration-and-subgroup-lattices":10117,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fsubgroups-and-quotients\u002Fcosets-lagrange-and-normal-subgroups":10118,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fsubgroups-and-quotients\u002Fisomorphism-theorems":10082,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fsubgroups-and-quotients\u002Fcomposition-series-and-the-alternating-group":10119,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgroup-actions-and-sylow\u002Factions-and-cayleys-theorem":10111,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgroup-actions-and-sylow\u002Fconjugation-and-the-class-equation":10028,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgroup-actions-and-sylow\u002Fsylow-theorems":10120,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgroup-actions-and-sylow\u002Fautomorphisms-and-simple-groups":10121,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fproducts-and-group-structure\u002Fdirect-products-and-finite-abelian-groups":10122,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fproducts-and-group-structure\u002Fsemidirect-products":10123,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fproducts-and-group-structure\u002Fnilpotent-and-solvable-groups":10124,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fproducts-and-group-structure\u002Fclassifying-small-groups":10125,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fring-theory\u002Frings-definitions-and-examples":10126,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fring-theory\u002Fideals-quotients-and-homomorphisms":10127,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fring-theory\u002Ffractions-and-the-chinese-remainder-theorem":10121,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffactorization-and-polynomials\u002Feuclidean-domains-pids-ufds":10128,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffactorization-and-polynomials\u002Fpolynomial-rings-over-fields":10097,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffactorization-and-polynomials\u002Fgauss-lemma-and-unique-factorization":10129,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffactorization-and-polynomials\u002Firreducibility-criteria-and-groebner":10130,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fmodule-theory\u002Fintroduction-to-modules":10131,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fmodule-theory\u002Ffree-modules-and-direct-sums":10132,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fmodule-theory\u002Ftensor-products-and-exact-sequences":10133,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fmodule-theory\u002Fvector-spaces-and-linear-maps":10134,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fmodules-over-pids\u002Fstructure-theorem-over-pids":10135,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fmodules-over-pids\u002Frational-canonical-form":10136,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fmodules-over-pids\u002Fjordan-canonical-form":10137,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffield-theory\u002Ffield-extensions-and-algebraic-elements":10138,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffield-theory\u002Fstraightedge-and-compass-constructions":9771,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffield-theory\u002Fsplitting-fields-and-algebraic-closure":10139,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffield-theory\u002Fseparable-and-cyclotomic-extensions":10140,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgalois-theory\u002Fthe-galois-correspondence":10013,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgalois-theory\u002Ffinite-fields":10141,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgalois-theory\u002Fcyclotomic-and-abelian-extensions":10142,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgalois-theory\u002Fgalois-groups-of-polynomials":10070,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgalois-theory\u002Fsolvability-by-radicals-and-the-quintic":10142,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fcapstone\u002Fcommutative-algebra-and-algebraic-geometry":10143,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fcapstone\u002Frepresentation-and-character-theory":10144,"\u002Fabstract-algebra":10145,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fearly-models-and-old-quantum-theory\u002Fatomic-spectra-rutherford":10146,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fearly-models-and-old-quantum-theory\u002Fbohr-model-hydrogen":10147,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fearly-models-and-old-quantum-theory\u002Fx-ray-spectra-franck-hertz":10148,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fearly-models-and-old-quantum-theory\u002Fbohr-sommerfeld-old-quantum-theory":10149,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fearly-models-and-old-quantum-theory\u002Fold-quantum-theory-limits-wkb":10150,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fquantum-hydrogen-atom\u002Fschrodinger-3d-hydrogen":10062,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fquantum-hydrogen-atom\u002Fhydrogen-wave-functions":10151,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fquantum-hydrogen-atom\u002Fradial-equation-in-full":10152,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fquantum-hydrogen-atom\u002Fsymmetry-degeneracy-runge-lenz":10153,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fquantum-hydrogen-atom\u002Fexpectation-values-virial":10154,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fquantum-hydrogen-atom\u002Fquantum-defects-alkali-spectra":10155,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fquantum-hydrogen-atom\u002Frydberg-atoms":10156,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Ffine-structure-and-the-dirac-atom\u002Frelativistic-kinetic-correction":10157,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Ffine-structure-and-the-dirac-atom\u002Fspin-orbit-thomas-precession":9896,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Ffine-structure-and-the-dirac-atom\u002Fdarwin-term-fine-structure-formula":10025,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Ffine-structure-and-the-dirac-atom\u002Fdirac-equation-hydrogen":9771,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fqed-corrections-and-hyperfine-structure\u002Flamb-shift-qed":10158,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fqed-corrections-and-hyperfine-structure\u002Fhyperfine-structure-21cm":9755,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fqed-corrections-and-hyperfine-structure\u002Fnuclear-effects-isotope-shift":10159,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmany-electron-atoms\u002Fperiodic-table-atomic-spectra":10160,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmany-electron-atoms\u002Fcentral-field-self-consistent":9793,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmany-electron-atoms\u002Fidentical-particles-hartree-fock":10087,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmany-electron-atoms\u002Fhelium-two-electron-atom":10161,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmany-electron-atoms\u002Fls-jj-coupling-term-symbols":10162,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmany-electron-atoms\u002Fhund-rules-ground-terms":10163,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fatoms-in-external-fields\u002Fzeeman-effect":10164,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fatoms-in-external-fields\u002Fpaschen-back-intermediate":10165,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fatoms-in-external-fields\u002Fstark-effect-polarizability":10166,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fradiative-transitions-and-line-shapes\u002Ftime-dependent-perturbation-golden-rule":10167,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fradiative-transitions-and-line-shapes\u002Fdipole-approximation-einstein-coefficients":10168,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fradiative-transitions-and-line-shapes\u002Fselection-rules-forbidden-transitions":10169,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fradiative-transitions-and-line-shapes\u002Flifetimes-and-line-shapes":10170,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Flasers-and-spectroscopy\u002Flaser-principles":10171,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Flasers-and-spectroscopy\u002Fspectroscopy-techniques":10172,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Flasers-and-spectroscopy\u002Fline-catalog-nist-asd":10173,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmodern-atomic-physics\u002Flaser-cooling-doppler":10174,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmodern-atomic-physics\u002Fsub-doppler-trapping":10118,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmodern-atomic-physics\u002Fbose-einstein-condensation":10175,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmodern-atomic-physics\u002Foptical-clocks-precision":10176,"\u002Fatomic-physics":10177,"\u002Fdatabases":9942,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Ffoundations\u002Fwhat-is-a-category":10178,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Ffoundations\u002Fexamples-of-categories":10179,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Ffoundations\u002Fspecial-morphisms":10180,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Ffoundations\u002Ffunctors":10109,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Ffoundations\u002Fnatural-transformations":10181,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Ffoundations\u002Fsize-and-set-theory":10182,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Funiversal-properties\u002Funiversal-properties":10183,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Funiversal-properties\u002Fproducts-and-coproducts":10184,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Funiversal-properties\u002Fconstructions-on-categories":10185,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Frepresentables-yoneda\u002Frepresentable-functors":10186,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Frepresentables-yoneda\u002Fyoneda-lemma":10187,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Frepresentables-yoneda\u002Fyoneda-consequences":10188,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Flimits-colimits\u002Flimits":10189,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Flimits-colimits\u002Fproducts-equalizers-pullbacks":10190,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Flimits-colimits\u002Fcolimits":10191,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Flimits-colimits\u002Fcomputing-limits":10192,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Flimits-colimits\u002Flimits-and-functors":10193,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fadjunctions\u002Fadjunctions":10194,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fadjunctions\u002Funits-and-counits":10195,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fadjunctions\u002Fadjunctions-via-universal-arrows":10196,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fadjunctions\u002Ffree-forgetful-adjunctions":10197,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fadjoints-limits\u002Flimits-via-adjoints":10198,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fadjoints-limits\u002Fpresheaf-limits-colimits":10199,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fadjoints-limits\u002Fadjoints-preserve-limits":10200,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fadjoints-limits\u002Fadjoint-functor-theorem":10191,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fmonads-algebras\u002Fmonads":10201,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fmonads-algebras\u002Falgebras-eilenberg-moore":10202,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fmonads-algebras\u002Fkleisli-and-programming":10203,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fmonads-algebras\u002Falgebras-for-endofunctors":10204,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fcartesian-closed-lambda\u002Fcartesian-closed-categories":10205,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fcartesian-closed-lambda\u002Flambda-calculus-correspondence":10150,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fcartesian-closed-lambda\u002Ffixed-points-and-recursion":10206,"\u002Fcategory-theory":10207,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fmathematical-background\u002Flinear-algebra-for-deep-learning":10208,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fmathematical-background\u002Fprobability-and-information-theory":10209,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fmathematical-background\u002Fnumerical-computation":10210,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fmathematical-background\u002Fcalculus":10211,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Fwhat-is-deep-learning":10212,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Fmachine-learning-refresher":10213,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Flinear-models-and-the-perceptron":10172,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fneural-networks\u002Fthe-multilayer-perceptron":10214,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fneural-networks\u002Factivation-functions":10215,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fneural-networks\u002Funiversal-approximation":10216,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fneural-networks\u002Fbackpropagation":10217,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fneural-networks\u002Floss-functions-and-output-units":10218,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Foptimization\u002Fgradient-descent-and-sgd":10219,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Foptimization\u002Fmomentum-and-adaptive-methods":10220,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Foptimization\u002Finitialization":10221,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Foptimization\u002Fthe-optimization-landscape":10222,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Foptimization\u002Fsecond-order-and-approximate-methods":10223,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fregularization\u002Fregularization-overview":10224,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fregularization\u002Fdropout-and-data-augmentation":10225,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fregularization\u002Fearly-stopping-and-parameter-sharing":10226,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fregularization\u002Fnormalization":10227,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Fconvolutional-networks":10228,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Fcnn-architectures":10229,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Frecurrent-networks":10230,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Flstm-and-gru":10231,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Fattention-and-transformers":10232,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Fthe-transformer-architecture":10233,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Ftransformers-in-practice":10234,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Fgraph-neural-networks":10235,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Fstate-space-models":10236,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Ftheory\u002Fgeneralization-theory":10237,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Ftheory\u002Fadversarial-robustness":10238,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Ftheory\u002Fadversarial-defenses":10239,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Ftheory\u002Fbayesian-and-ensemble-methods":10240,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Ftheory\u002Fdeep-equilibrium-models":10184,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fgenerative-models\u002Flinear-factor-models":10241,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fgenerative-models\u002Fautoencoders":10242,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fgenerative-models\u002Fvariational-autoencoders":10243,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fgenerative-models\u002Fgenerative-adversarial-networks":10244,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fgenerative-models\u002Fautoregressive-and-normalizing-flows":10245,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fgenerative-models\u002Fenergy-based-and-boltzmann-machines":10246,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fgenerative-models\u002Fdiffusion-and-score-based-models":10247,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fprobabilistic-methods\u002Fstructured-probabilistic-models":9736,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fprobabilistic-methods\u002Fmonte-carlo-and-mcmc":10248,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fprobabilistic-methods\u002Fapproximate-inference":10249,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fpractical\u002Fpractical-methodology":9972,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fpractical\u002Fhyperparameters-and-debugging":10250,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fpractical\u002Frepresentation-learning":10251,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fpractical\u002Ftransfer-learning":10252,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fpractical\u002Fapplications":10253,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fpractical\u002Fmodel-compression-and-distillation":10254,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fpractical\u002Fmeta-learning-and-few-shot":10255,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Flarge-language-models":10256,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Fscaling-inference-and-alignment":10257,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Fseq2seq-pretraining-and-bart":10258,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Ftext-to-text-transfer-and-conditional-generation":10259,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Fspeech-and-audio-models":10260,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Fself-supervised-speech-and-synthesis":10261,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Fai-agents":9945,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Fagent-memory-retrieval-and-orchestration":10262,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Fmixture-of-experts":10263,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Fmultimodal-models":10264,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Ffusion-and-vision-language-models":10265,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ffoundations-of-reinforcement-learning":9982,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodel-free-prediction-and-control":10266,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-q-networks":10267,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fpolicy-gradients-and-actor-critic":10268,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Frl-from-human-feedback":10269,"\u002Fdeep-learning":9942,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fequilibrium-state-variables-zeroth-law":10270,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Ffirst-law-heat-and-work":10067,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fsecond-law-entropy-and-the-carnot-bound":10271,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fthermodynamic-potentials-and-maxwell-relations":10272,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fstability-response-functions-and-the-third-law":10273,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffoundations\u002Fclassical-statistics-and-equipartition":10274,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffoundations\u002Fphase-space-and-liouvilles-theorem":10275,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffoundations\u002Fensembles-and-the-equal-probability-postulate":10276,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffoundations\u002Fstatistical-entropy-boltzmann-and-gibbs":10277,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fmicrocanonical\u002Fmicrocanonical-ensemble-and-entropy":10278,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fmicrocanonical\u002Fequilibrium-conditions-temperature-pressure-chemical-potential":10114,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fmicrocanonical\u002Fideal-gas-phase-space-and-the-sackur-tetrode-entropy":10279,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fmicrocanonical\u002Ftwo-state-systems-paramagnets-and-negative-temperature":10280,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fcanonical\u002Fcanonical-ensemble-and-the-boltzmann-distribution":10281,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fcanonical\u002Fpartition-function-and-the-helmholtz-free-energy":10001,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fcanonical\u002Fenergy-fluctuations-and-ensemble-equivalence":9794,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fcanonical\u002Fthe-einstein-solid-and-harmonic-systems":10282,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fcanonical\u002Fparamagnetism-and-the-schottky-anomaly":10283,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fclassical-gas\u002Fideal-gas-partition-function-and-the-gibbs-paradox":10284,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fclassical-gas\u002Fequipartition-and-the-virial-theorem":9928,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fclassical-gas\u002Fmolecular-gases-rotation-and-vibration":10285,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fgrand-canonical\u002Fgrand-canonical-ensemble-and-the-grand-partition-function":10286,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fgrand-canonical\u002Fchemical-potential-fugacity-and-number-fluctuations":10006,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fgrand-canonical\u002Fensemble-summary-and-the-thermodynamic-web":9933,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fquantum-statistics\u002Fquantum-statistics-bose-einstein-and-fermi-dirac":10287,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fquantum-statistics\u002Fderiving-the-quantum-distributions":9902,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fquantum-statistics\u002Fthe-classical-limit-and-quantum-concentration":9772,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fquantum-statistics\u002Fideal-quantum-gases-general-framework":9788,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fbose-systems\u002Fbose-einstein-condensation-and-the-fermion-gas":10288,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fbose-systems\u002Fthe-photon-gas-and-plancks-radiation-law":10289,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fbose-systems\u002Fblackbody-thermodynamics-and-radiation-pressure":10290,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fbose-systems\u002Fphonons-and-the-debye-model":9920,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fbose-systems\u002Fbose-einstein-condensation-derived":10291,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fbose-systems\u002Fthermodynamics-of-the-bose-gas-and-superfluidity":9782,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffermi-gas\u002Fthe-ideal-fermi-gas-at-zero-temperature":10292,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffermi-gas\u002Fsommerfeld-expansion-and-electrons-in-metals":10293,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffermi-gas\u002Fwhite-dwarfs-and-the-chandrasekhar-limit":10294,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffermi-gas\u002Fneutron-stars-and-nuclear-matter":10295,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Finteractions\u002Fthe-cluster-expansion-and-virial-coefficients":10116,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Finteractions\u002Fthe-van-der-waals-gas-and-liquid-gas-coexistence":10296,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Finteractions\u002Fquantum-gases-with-interactions-and-exchange":10297,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fphase-transitions\u002Fphases-coexistence-and-classification":10298,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fphase-transitions\u002Fthe-ising-model-and-exact-solutions":10299,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fphase-transitions\u002Fmean-field-theory-and-the-weiss-model":10062,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fphase-transitions\u002Fcritical-exponents-and-landau-theory":10300,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fphase-transitions\u002Fthe-renormalization-group-idea":10040,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffluctuations\u002Fthermodynamic-fluctuations-and-response":10301,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffluctuations\u002Fbrownian-motion-and-the-langevin-equation":9901,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffluctuations\u002Flinear-response-and-the-fluctuation-dissipation-theorem":10302,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics":10303,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmolecules-and-bonding\u002Fbonding-mechanisms":10304,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmolecules-and-bonding\u002Fmolecular-orbitals-and-h2-plus":9767,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmolecules-and-bonding\u002Fhydrogen-molecule-and-exchange":10027,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmolecules-and-bonding\u002Fvan-der-waals-forces":10305,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmolecular-spectra\u002Frotational-vibrational-spectra":10306,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmolecular-spectra\u002Fanharmonicity-and-rovibrational-structure":10307,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmolecular-spectra\u002Framan-and-electronic-bands":10308,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmolecular-spectra\u002Flasers-and-masers":10309,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fcrystal-structure\u002Fstructure-of-solids":10310,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fcrystal-structure\u002Fbravais-lattices-and-crystal-systems":9900,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fcrystal-structure\u002Freciprocal-lattice-and-brillouin-zones":10311,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fcrystal-structure\u002Fdiffraction-and-structure-factors":10312,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Flattice-dynamics\u002Fphonon-dispersion":10313,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Flattice-dynamics\u002Fphonons-quantization-and-dos":10314,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Flattice-dynamics\u002Fdebye-einstein-heat-capacity":10043,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Flattice-dynamics\u002Fanharmonicity-and-thermal-transport":10315,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Ffree-electron-fermi-gas\u002Ffree-electron-gas-and-conduction":10316,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Ffree-electron-fermi-gas\u002Fsommerfeld-model-and-heat-capacity":10317,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Ffree-electron-fermi-gas\u002Ftransport-and-the-hall-effect":10318,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Ffree-electron-fermi-gas\u002Fscreening-and-plasmons":10319,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fband-theory\u002Fblochs-theorem-and-energy-bands":10098,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fband-theory\u002Fnearly-free-electron-model":10042,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fband-theory\u002Ftight-binding-method":10320,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fband-theory\u002Ffermi-surfaces-and-semiclassical-dynamics":10321,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsemiconductors\u002Fsemiconductor-bands-and-junctions":10322,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsemiconductors\u002Fintrinsic-and-extrinsic-semiconductors":10323,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsemiconductors\u002Fcarrier-transport-and-recombination":10033,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsemiconductors\u002Fthe-pn-junction":10324,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsemiconductors\u002Ftransistors-and-optoelectronics":10325,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fdielectrics-and-ferroelectrics\u002Fdielectrics-and-polarization":10270,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fdielectrics-and-ferroelectrics\u002Fferroelectrics-and-piezoelectrics":10170,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmagnetism\u002Fdiamagnetism-and-paramagnetism":9897,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmagnetism\u002Fexchange-and-ferromagnetism":10326,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmagnetism\u002Fantiferromagnetism-and-domains":9763,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmagnetism\u002Fspin-waves-and-magnons":10327,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsuperconductivity\u002Fsuperconductivity-phenomenology":10328,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsuperconductivity\u002Flondon-theory-and-the-meissner-effect":9908,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsuperconductivity\u002Fginzburg-landau-theory":10329,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsuperconductivity\u002Fbcs-theory":10163,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsuperconductivity\u002Fjosephson-and-high-tc":10330,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fnanostructures\u002Fquantum-wells-wires-and-dots":9755,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fnanostructures\u002Finteger-quantum-hall-effect":10331,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fnanostructures\u002Ffractional-quantum-hall-and-topology":9766,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fnanostructures\u002Fgraphene-and-dirac-materials":10332,"\u002Fcondensed-matter":10083,"\u002Flogic\u002Ffoundations\u002Flogic-as-a-mathematical-model":10333,"\u002Flogic\u002Fsentential-logic\u002Fformal-languages-and-well-formed-formulas":10334,"\u002Flogic\u002Fsentential-logic\u002Ftruth-assignments-and-tautologies":10335,"\u002Flogic\u002Fsentential-logic\u002Funique-readability-and-parsing":10336,"\u002Flogic\u002Fsentential-logic\u002Finduction-and-recursion":9780,"\u002Flogic\u002Fsentential-logic\u002Fexpressive-completeness-and-normal-forms":10337,"\u002Flogic\u002Fsentential-logic\u002Fboolean-circuits":10338,"\u002Flogic\u002Fsentential-logic\u002Fcompactness-and-effectiveness":9780,"\u002Flogic\u002Ffirst-order-languages\u002Ffirst-order-languages":10339,"\u002Flogic\u002Ffirst-order-languages\u002Fstructures-truth-and-satisfaction":10193,"\u002Flogic\u002Ffirst-order-languages\u002Fdefinability-and-elementary-equivalence":10340,"\u002Flogic\u002Ffirst-order-languages\u002Fterms-substitution-and-parsing":10341,"\u002Flogic\u002Fdeductive-calculus\u002Fa-deductive-calculus":10342,"\u002Flogic\u002Fdeductive-calculus\u002Fdeduction-theorem-and-derived-rules":10340,"\u002Flogic\u002Fdeductive-calculus\u002Fsoundness":10343,"\u002Flogic\u002Fdeductive-calculus\u002Fcompleteness-and-consistency":10344,"\u002Flogic\u002Fmodels-and-theories\u002Fcompactness-and-lowenheim-skolem":10345,"\u002Flogic\u002Fmodels-and-theories\u002Ftheories-elementary-classes-and-categoricity":10346,"\u002Flogic\u002Fmodels-and-theories\u002Finterpretations-between-theories":10347,"\u002Flogic\u002Fmodels-and-theories\u002Fnonstandard-analysis":10348,"\u002Flogic\u002Farithmetic-and-definability\u002Fdefinability-in-arithmetic":10349,"\u002Flogic\u002Farithmetic-and-definability\u002Fnatural-numbers-with-successor":10350,"\u002Flogic\u002Farithmetic-and-definability\u002Fpresburger-and-reducts":10271,"\u002Flogic\u002Farithmetic-and-definability\u002Fa-subtheory-and-representability":10351,"\u002Flogic\u002Fincompleteness\u002Farithmetization-of-syntax":10344,"\u002Flogic\u002Fincompleteness\u002Fincompleteness-and-undecidability":10352,"\u002Flogic\u002Fincompleteness\u002Fsecond-incompleteness-theorem":10353,"\u002Flogic\u002Fcomputability-and-representability\u002Frecursive-functions":9986,"\u002Flogic\u002Fcomputability-and-representability\u002Frepresenting-exponentiation":10354,"\u002Flogic\u002Fsecond-order-logic\u002Fsecond-order-languages":10171,"\u002Flogic\u002Fsecond-order-logic\u002Fskolem-functions-and-many-sorted-logic":10355,"\u002Flogic\u002Fsecond-order-logic\u002Fgeneral-structures":10356,"\u002Flogic":10357,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Fwhat-is-reinforcement-learning":10358,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Fa-brief-history-of-rl":10359,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Fmulti-armed-bandits":9972,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Fbandit-exploration-algorithms":10360,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Fmarkov-decision-processes":10361,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Fvalue-functions-and-optimality":10362,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fdynamic-programming":10363,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fdp-async-and-gpi":10353,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fmonte-carlo-methods":10364,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fmonte-carlo-off-policy":10365,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Ftemporal-difference-learning":10366,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Ftd-control-sarsa-and-q-learning":10264,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fn-step-bootstrapping":10367,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fn-step-off-policy-methods":10368,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fplanning-and-learning":10369,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fplanning-focusing-and-decision-time":10370,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fdecision-time-planning":10371,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fmonte-carlo-tree-search":9989,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Fon-policy-prediction":10372,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Ffeature-construction-and-nonlinear":10373,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Fon-policy-control":10374,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Faverage-reward-control":10375,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Foff-policy-and-the-deadly-triad":10180,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Fbellman-error-and-gradient-td":10376,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Feligibility-traces":10352,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Ftrue-online-and-sarsa-lambda":10377,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Fpolicy-gradient-methods":10378,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Factor-critic-and-continuous-actions":10379,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Fleast-squares-and-memory-based-methods":10000,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Fmemory-and-kernel-methods":10380,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Foff-policy-eligibility-traces":10130,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Fstable-off-policy-traces":10381,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-rl\u002Fdeep-q-networks":10382,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-rl\u002Fdqn-improvements":9962,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-rl\u002Factor-critic-and-ppo":10383,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-rl\u002Fppo-and-continuous-control":10384,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-rl\u002Fcase-studies":10385,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-rl\u002Frl-beyond-games":10386,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-rl\u002Ffrontiers":10387,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-rl\u002Freward-design-and-open-problems":10240,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fdistributional-and-rainbow":10388,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fdistributional-and-rainbow-part-2":10389,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fcontinuous-control":10390,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fcontinuous-control-part-2":10275,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fmodel-based-rl":10391,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fmodel-based-rl-part-2":10392,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fexploration":10393,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fexploration-part-2":9989,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Foffline-rl":10056,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Foffline-rl-part-2":10394,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fimitation-and-inverse-rl":10395,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fimitation-and-inverse-rl-part-2":10396,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fmulti-agent-rl":10397,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fmulti-agent-rl-part-2":10398,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fhierarchical-rl":10399,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fhierarchical-rl-part-2":10400,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Frlhf-and-language-models":10401,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fpartial-observability-pomdps":10402,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fpartial-observability-pomdps-part-2":10403,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fsafe-and-constrained-rl":10404,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fsafe-and-constrained-rl-part-2":10405,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fmeta-rl-and-generalization":10406,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fminds-and-brains\u002Fpsychology-of-reinforcement":10407,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fminds-and-brains\u002Finstrumental-conditioning-and-control":10408,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fminds-and-brains\u002Fdopamine-and-td-error":10409,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fminds-and-brains\u002Fdopamine-in-the-brain":10410,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fminds-and-brains\u002Fanimal-learning-and-cognition":10411,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fminds-and-brains\u002Fcognitive-maps-and-planning":10412,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fminds-and-brains\u002Fneuroscience-of-reinforcement":10413,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fminds-and-brains\u002Fseveral-learning-systems":10414,"\u002Freinforcement-learning":9942,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffoundations\u002Fwhat-is-ai":10415,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffoundations\u002Ffoundations-of-ai":10416,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffoundations\u002Fintelligent-agents":10417,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffoundations\u002Fagent-architectures":10418,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Funinformed-search":10419,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fsearch-strategies-compared":10420,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Finformed-search":10421,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fheuristic-functions":10422,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Flocal-search":10423,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fpopulation-and-continuous-search":10424,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fadversarial-search":10425,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fgames-of-chance-and-imperfect-information":10426,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fconstraint-satisfaction":10427,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fcsp-search-and-structure":10269,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fsearch-under-uncertainty":10124,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fbelief-state-and-online-search":10428,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Fpropositional-logic":10429,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Fpropositional-inference":10430,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Ffirst-order-logic":10431,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Ffirst-order-logic-in-use":10432,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Finference-and-resolution":10433,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Ffirst-order-resolution":10251,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Fclassical-planning":10434,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Fplanning-graphs-and-graphplan":10435,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Fplanning-in-the-real-world":10436,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Fplanning-under-uncertainty":10437,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Fknowledge-representation":10438,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Freasoning-systems-and-defaults":10439,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Fprobability-and-bayes":10440,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Fbayes-rule-and-naive-bayes":10441,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Fbayesian-networks":10442,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Finference-in-bayesian-networks":10443,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Freasoning-over-time":10444,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Ftracking-and-data-association":10445,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Fmaking-decisions":10183,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Fmarkov-decision-processes":10435,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Fdecision-networks-and-game-theory":10446,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Fgame-theory-and-mechanism-design":9723,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flearning\u002Flearning-from-examples":10447,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flearning\u002Ftheory-and-model-families":10448,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flearning\u002Fprobabilistic-learning":10449,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flearning\u002Fexpectation-maximization":10450,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flearning\u002Freinforcement-learning":10451,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flearning\u002Fgeneralization-and-policy-search":10232,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flearning\u002Fknowledge-in-learning":10452,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flearning\u002Fknowledge-based-learning-methods":10453,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffrontiers\u002Fvision-and-perception":10454,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffrontiers\u002Freconstructing-the-3d-world":10455,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffrontiers\u002Frobotics":10456,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffrontiers\u002Frobot-planning-and-control":10457,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffrontiers\u002Fnatural-language-in-ai":10458,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffrontiers\u002Fnlp-grammar-translation-and-speech":10459,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffrontiers\u002Fphilosophy-and-future":10460,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffrontiers\u002Fai-ethics-and-future":10461,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence":9942,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-properties\u002Fnuclear-constituents-nuclide-chart":10199,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-properties\u002Fnuclear-size-charge-distributions":10462,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-properties\u002Fnuclear-masses-binding-energy":9759,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-properties\u002Fsemi-empirical-mass-formula":9757,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-properties\u002Fnuclear-moments-multipoles":10293,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-force-deuteron\u002Fnuclear-force-shell-overview":10463,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-force-deuteron\u002Fthe-deuteron":9785,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-force-deuteron\u002Fnucleon-nucleon-scattering":10095,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-force-deuteron\u002Fmeson-theory-isospin":10464,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-models\u002Ffermi-gas-model":10465,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-models\u002Fliquid-drop-collective-coordinates":10466,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-models\u002Fshell-model-single-particle":10155,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-models\u002Fcollective-model-rotations-vibrations":10467,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fradioactive-decay\u002Fdecay-law-modes":10468,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fradioactive-decay\u002Fdecay-kinetics-equilibrium":10469,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Falpha-decay\u002Falpha-decay-gamow-theory":10354,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Falpha-decay\u002Falpha-fine-structure-hindrance":10470,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fbeta-decay\u002Fbeta-decay-energetics-neutrino":10471,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fbeta-decay\u002Ffermi-theory-beta-decay":9769,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fbeta-decay\u002Fweak-interaction-parity-violation":9998,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fbeta-decay\u002Fdouble-beta-decay-neutrino-mass":10472,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fgamma-decay\u002Fgamma-multipole-radiation":10099,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fgamma-decay\u002Finternal-conversion-isomers":10473,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fgamma-decay\u002Fangular-correlations-mossbauer":10474,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-reactions\u002Freaction-kinematics-cross-sections":9994,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-reactions\u002Fcompound-nucleus-resonances":10082,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-reactions\u002Fdirect-reactions-optical-model":10475,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Ffission\u002Ffission-barrier-dynamics":10476,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Ffission\u002Fchain-reactions-reactor-physics":10477,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Ffusion-nucleosynthesis\u002Ffusion-reactions-confinement":9764,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Ffusion-nucleosynthesis\u002Fstellar-nucleosynthesis":10139,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Ffusion-nucleosynthesis\u002Fbig-bang-nucleosynthesis":10001,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fradiation-matter-applications\u002Fcharged-particle-stopping-power":10478,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fradiation-matter-applications\u002Fphoton-neutron-interactions":10049,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fradiation-matter-applications\u002Fradiation-detectors":10113,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fradiation-matter-applications\u002Fdosimetry-radiation-biology":10479,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fradiation-matter-applications\u002Fnuclear-applications-dating-medicine":10480,"\u002Fnuclear-physics":10481,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ffoundations\u002Fwhat-is-nlp":10482,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ffoundations\u002Fregex-and-text-normalization":10483,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ffoundations\u002Fminimum-edit-distance":10120,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ffoundations\u002Fn-gram-language-models":10484,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ffoundations\u002Fsmoothing-and-backoff":10485,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fclassification\u002Fnaive-bayes-and-sentiment":10486,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fclassification\u002Fevaluating-classifiers":9968,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fclassification\u002Flogistic-regression":10487,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fclassification\u002Fsentiment-and-affect-lexicons":9651,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fsemantics\u002Fvector-semantics-and-embeddings":10265,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fsemantics\u002Fstatic-word-embeddings":10488,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fsemantics\u002Fneural-language-models":10434,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fsequences\u002Fsequence-labeling":10489,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fsequences\u002Fcrfs-and-neural-taggers":10490,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fsequences\u002Frnns-and-lstms":10491,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ftransformers\u002Ftransformers-and-attention":10492,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ftransformers\u002Fthe-transformer-architecture":10493,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ftransformers\u002Flarge-language-models":10494,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ftransformers\u002Fllm-pretraining-and-scaling":10495,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ftransformers\u002Ffine-tuning-and-prompting":9946,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ftransformers\u002Fprompting-and-alignment":10496,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fconstituency-parsing":10497,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fcky-scoring-and-evaluation":10440,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fdependency-parsing":10498,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fgraph-based-and-neural-dependency-parsing":10499,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fword-senses-and-wsd":10500,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fwsd-in-practice-and-induction":10501,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fsemantic-roles-and-information-extraction":10502,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Frelations-events-and-templates":10503,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fcoreference-and-discourse":10504,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fcoherence-and-discourse-structure":10505,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Flogical-semantics":10364,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fcompositional-semantics-and-description-logics":10506,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fsemantic-parsing":10507,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fneural-semantic-parsing":10508,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Finformation-extraction":10509,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Ftimes-events-and-templates":10510,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fdiscourse-coherence":10511,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fentity-based-and-global-coherence":10512,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fconstituency-grammars":10513,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Ftreebanks-and-lexicalized-grammars":10514,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fapplications\u002Fmachine-translation":10515,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fapplications\u002Fmachine-translation-decoding-and-evaluation":10516,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fapplications\u002Fquestion-answering":10517,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fapplications\u002Fquestion-answering-knowledge-and-llms":10218,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fapplications\u002Fdialogue-and-chatbots":10385,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fapplications\u002Fdialogue-systems-and-assistants":9974,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fapplications\u002Ftext-summarization":10518,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fapplications\u002Fabstractive-summarization-and-evaluation":10519,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fspeech\u002Fphonetics":10520,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fspeech\u002Facoustic-phonetics":10521,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fspeech\u002Fautomatic-speech-recognition":10232,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fspeech\u002Fasr-evaluation-and-applications":10522,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing":9942,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Ffoundations\u002Fhistorical-overview-particle-zoo":10523,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Ffoundations\u002Fparticle-physics-basic-concepts":10140,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Ffoundations\u002Ffundamental-interactions-force-carriers":10524,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Funits-kinematics\u002Fnatural-units-and-scales":10285,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Funits-kinematics\u002Ffour-vectors-invariant-mass":10525,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Funits-kinematics\u002Fdecay-scattering-kinematics-mandelstam":10526,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Funits-kinematics\u002Fcross-sections-golden-rule":10475,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fsymmetries\u002Fconservation-laws-symmetries":10527,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fsymmetries\u002Fdiscrete-symmetries-cpt":10528,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fsymmetries\u002Fparity-violation-weak":10090,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fsymmetries\u002Fsu2-su3-flavor-symmetry":9792,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fquark-model\u002Feightfold-way-su3":10529,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fquark-model\u002Fmeson-spectroscopy":10044,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fquark-model\u002Fbaryon-spectroscopy":10530,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fquark-model\u002Fcolor-confinement-exotics":10077,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Frelativistic-wave-equations\u002Fklein-gordon-equation":10531,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Frelativistic-wave-equations\u002Fdirac-equation-spinors":10331,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Frelativistic-wave-equations\u002Fantiparticles-hole-theory":10532,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fqed\u002Ffeynman-rules-qed":10533,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fqed\u002Fqed-tree-processes":10300,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fqed\u002Frenormalization-running-coupling":10534,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fqed\u002Felectron-g-2":9763,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fweak-interaction\u002Fva-structure-weak":10535,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fweak-interaction\u002Fw-z-bosons-decays":10536,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fweak-interaction\u002Fckm-matrix":10537,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fweak-interaction\u002Fcp-violation-kaons-b-mesons":10081,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fqcd\u002Fcolor-su3-gluons":10297,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fqcd\u002Fasymptotic-freedom-confinement":10538,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fqcd\u002Fdeep-inelastic-scattering-partons":10539,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fqcd\u002Fjets-hadronization":10156,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Felectroweak-higgs\u002Felectroweak-su2-u1":10540,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Felectroweak-higgs\u002Fspontaneous-symmetry-breaking":10201,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Felectroweak-higgs\u002Fhiggs-mechanism":10541,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Felectroweak-higgs\u002Fhiggs-boson-discovery":10542,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Felectroweak-higgs\u002Fstandard-model":10090,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fneutrinos\u002Fneutrino-oscillations":10123,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fneutrinos\u002Fneutrino-mass-pmns":10543,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fneutrinos\u002Fdirac-majorana-experiments":10544,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fexperiment\u002Faccelerators-luminosity":10545,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fexperiment\u002Fdetectors-subsystems":10179,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fexperiment\u002Fhow-discoveries-are-made":10546,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fbeyond-standard-model\u002Fbeyond-standard-model":9920,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fbeyond-standard-model\u002Fgrand-unified-theories":10547,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fbeyond-standard-model\u002Fsupersymmetry":10023,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fbeyond-standard-model\u002Fhierarchy-problem-naturalness":10548,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fbeyond-standard-model\u002Fdark-matter-candidates":10549,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fbeyond-standard-model\u002Fmatter-antimatter-open-questions":10347,"\u002Fparticle-physics":10550,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Forientation\u002Fthe-sun-and-stars":10141,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Forientation\u002Fstellar-death-final-states":10295,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Forientation\u002Fgalaxies-and-cosmology":10551,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fobservational-foundations\u002Fmagnitudes-fluxes-and-the-distance-modulus":10080,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fobservational-foundations\u002Fstellar-spectra-and-spectral-classification":10552,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fobservational-foundations\u002Ftelescopes-and-detectors-across-the-spectrum":10140,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fobservational-foundations\u002Fthe-cosmic-distance-ladder":10052,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fradiation-and-matter\u002Fblackbody-radiation-and-specific-intensity":10553,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fradiation-and-matter\u002Fradiative-transfer-and-the-transfer-equation":10554,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fradiation-and-matter\u002Fspectral-line-formation-and-broadening":10555,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fradiation-and-matter\u002Fopacity-and-the-rosseland-mean":10556,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-structure\u002Fhydrostatic-equilibrium-and-the-virial-theorem":10557,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-structure\u002Fthe-equations-of-stellar-structure":10346,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-structure\u002Fthe-equation-of-state-and-polytropes":10277,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-structure\u002Fthe-standard-solar-model":10558,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fnuclear-astrophysics\u002Fthermonuclear-reaction-rates-and-the-gamow-peak":10559,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fnuclear-astrophysics\u002Fhydrogen-burning-pp-chains-and-cno":10560,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fnuclear-astrophysics\u002Fhelium-burning-and-the-triple-alpha-process":10561,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fnuclear-astrophysics\u002Fadvanced-burning-and-neutron-capture-nucleosynthesis":10474,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fism-and-star-formation\u002Fphases-of-the-interstellar-medium":10562,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fism-and-star-formation\u002Fmolecular-clouds-and-gravitational-collapse":10036,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fism-and-star-formation\u002Fprotostars-and-the-pre-main-sequence":10099,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-evolution\u002Fthe-main-sequence-and-its-structure":10081,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-evolution\u002Fpost-main-sequence-low-mass-evolution":10563,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-evolution\u002Fthe-evolution-of-massive-stars":10165,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-evolution\u002Fstellar-pulsation-and-the-instability-strip":9781,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-death-and-compact-remnants\u002Fwhite-dwarfs-and-the-chandrasekhar-limit":10564,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-death-and-compact-remnants\u002Fcore-collapse-supernovae":10565,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-death-and-compact-remnants\u002Fthermonuclear-supernovae-type-ia":10296,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-death-and-compact-remnants\u002Fneutron-stars-and-pulsars":10566,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-death-and-compact-remnants\u002Fblack-holes-schwarzschild-and-kerr":10567,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fbinaries-and-gravitational-waves\u002Fbinary-systems-and-mass-transfer":10568,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fbinaries-and-gravitational-waves\u002Faccreting-compact-objects":10569,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fbinaries-and-gravitational-waves\u002Fgravitational-waves-from-inspiraling-binaries":9762,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fbinaries-and-gravitational-waves\u002Fmultimessenger-astronomy-and-gamma-ray-bursts":10570,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fgalaxies\u002Fthe-milky-way":10571,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fgalaxies\u002Fgalaxy-morphology-and-classification":10023,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fgalaxies\u002Fgalaxy-rotation-curves-and-dark-matter":10572,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fgalaxies\u002Factive-galactic-nuclei-and-supermassive-black-holes":10573,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fgalaxies\u002Fgalaxy-clusters-and-large-scale-structure":10289,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fcosmology-expansion-and-dynamics\u002Fthe-expanding-universe-and-hubbles-law":9944,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fcosmology-expansion-and-dynamics\u002Fthe-frw-metric-and-cosmological-redshift":10574,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fcosmology-expansion-and-dynamics\u002Fthe-friedmann-equations-and-cosmic-dynamics":10575,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fcosmology-expansion-and-dynamics\u002Fcosmological-models-and-distances":10201,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fcosmology-expansion-and-dynamics\u002Fdark-energy-and-the-accelerating-universe":10187,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fthe-hot-big-bang\u002Fthe-thermal-history-of-the-universe":10199,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fthe-hot-big-bang\u002Fbig-bang-nucleosynthesis":10296,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fthe-hot-big-bang\u002Frecombination-and-the-cosmic-microwave-background":10576,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fthe-hot-big-bang\u002Fcmb-anisotropies-and-cosmological-parameters":9761,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fthe-hot-big-bang\u002Fcosmic-inflation":9953,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fthe-hot-big-bang\u002Fstructure-formation-and-the-growth-of-perturbations":10577,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fthe-hot-big-bang\u002Fdark-matter-dark-energy-and-open-questions":10040,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology":10145,"\u002Fcolophon":10578,"\u002F":9942},4250,4808,3626,2682,4109,4786,3878,3875,3751,3415,4067,3153,3000,4042,5461,5808,3961,3749,4327,5067,4246,4655,4154,5436,2640,4003,3601,2158,4331,4189,2273,3252,4633,4964,4172,3131,5524,3160,4031,2309,4207,3226,2648,4842,5340,3307,5701,4977,4039,2615,3472,4460,3848,4075,4400,3382,3010,3602,3737,3740,3707,3922,5191,4043,3804,4542,4214,5062,2850,4361,3443,3627,4044,3766,4140,3860,4006,5199,4334,5234,3651,5509,5680,153,1375,1073,1093,1125,1146,1014,1132,876,1541,1189,1173,984,1402,1301,950,1268,1063,1107,1408,1161,925,1012,866,964,1090,1142,1085,1020,1207,973,980,728,764,1225,1329,796,929,801,878,774,1044,1488,1175,1130,890,814,870,154,4073,5140,4961,5127,4870,5382,5195,4955,5369,4501,5576,3824,4132,4289,4307,4570,3403,5084,5105,5201,5116,5341,5175,5368,5188,5211,5499,5155,4981,5125,5415,5255,5304,5130,5167,5552,5164,5094,5239,5036,5190,5004,5099,5035,5159,5088,5026,4937,5023,5264,5244,133,5114,5078,5043,5312,5170,5342,5139,5151,5049,5212,5013,5068,5079,5102,5121,5081,5029,5379,5854,5110,2139,3798,5055,5364,4984,4935,4895,4972,5289,5112,5156,4987,5031,5025,5149,5302,5042,5002,4979,4922,4960,5279,126,1877,1180,1129,907,958,1112,1300,1053,1250,1181,1241,1234,966,1050,734,1190,484,1082,926,733,761,571,607,798,804,952,977,731,784,645,771,1017,742,1004,1000,1562,1254,1288,1101,1011,1486,1061,856,992,1169,988,137,0,2037,1782,2384,2254,2123,2332,1643,1714,2089,1751,1367,1660,2511,1998,1892,1854,1791,2438,2487,1917,2375,2525,2266,1845,2275,1810,1631,2310,2166,2233,2113,2505,2347,2672,2112,2473,2592,2380,3013,2513,3256,3218,2194,2173,2205,2326,2081,3342,3152,1799,1670,1027,960,1095,1291,986,897,1209,1055,1817,1801,1593,1465,1196,1464,1201,1230,1435,1684,1461,1926,1500,1409,1284,1774,1869,162,1487,1122,1188,1001,1351,982,1005,979,1325,1046,943,1279,824,1008,989,1798,1277,1025,987,1043,1211,1074,981,939,1002,739,1139,1108,1013,1070,978,1458,1317,157,1357,1077,2355,1116,1037,1178,1637,1314,1109,1056,1702,1474,1071,1158,832,993,1404,1024,1068,1339,1106,1264,1248,913,1848,1328,1633,1224,1143,135,1378,959,1028,998,911,1527,1203,1266,1483,1165,990,938,965,1257,1418,1099,942,1352,956,1035,1398,1003,1094,1292,138,1721,1827,1449,1354,1148,1184,1285,1281,1213,1290,1271,1252,1274,1778,1591,1503,1437,1571,1584,1957,1117,1781,1648,1342,1667,1510,1965,1607,1365,1849,1259,1303,1356,1238,2208,1564,173,1671,1286,1227,1638,1529,668,1078,918,709,865,880,940,1534,1015,874,922,841,794,1194,822,1105,1658,1359,1296,1438,1921,1844,1570,1429,1324,1400,140,1787,1558,1654,1492,1747,2224,2002,2009,1323,1349,1785,1573,1722,1829,1353,1548,1552,1583,1624,1585,1245,1364,1514,1343,1397,1355,2211,1481,1770,160,2388,2293,2256,2552,2569,2478,2039,2496,2578,2814,2519,2461,2587,2492,2714,3278,2654,3050,2447,2849,2238,2369,2061,2214,2602,2563,2186,2985,2749,3364,2038,2282,2409,2126,2573,2206,2176,2268,2182,2402,2705,2633,2414,2213,2801,3313,3410,3195,1952,2017,1509,2537,2645,2027,2415,2838,2356,1906,3184,2950,2807,2954,1683,1316,1034,1138,1763,1822,1705,1246,1701,1097,1104,1187,1032,1083,1228,916,1489,1033,1652,997,692,837,1023,888,864,1089,1231,1214,1675,1156,1075,1520,1309,139,1205,1051,735,1123,1072,915,567,768,825,1253,983,1007,762,1058,861,862,971,1208,1149,1145,1029,1084,927,810,838,857,807,936,949,2321,1622,1069,1113,1057,854,1958,1528,1618,2049,1432,1679,1796,1685,1346,1275,1476,1505,1610,2018,1599,1215,1838,1909,132,3902,2215,2240,3266,3208,3073,2454,2969,2451,1875,2728,1884,2371,2516,2842,1690,1904,2346,3146,1386,2607,1966,2668,1665,2885,1606,2577,3074,2869,2403,2433,2082,1939,1587,2460,2747,2032,2642,1619,3123,1993,2090,2339,3829,1737,2622,2340,2322,3828,4409,2305,3411,2510,4527,3030,3569,3043,2457,1946,2277,2044,2909,1693,1945,2093,2399,2115,2898,2742,2242,3895,3378,3376,2769,2223,3062,3262,2651,2949,2768,3128,2423,1977,2087,2866,3388,2830,2210,2489,2884,3945,2099,2713,3402,1692,2931,4195,3989,3206,4391,3004,3704,3494,2902,999,881,901,919,748,869,1018,1045,1049,1333,954,1092,1019,976,1771,1480,1396,953,1026,161,3533,2495,1818,3007,2595,3427,2216,1895,2304,3396,1739,2073,1962,2203,1767,2666,2264,2276,2852,1807,3735,1560,4144,1669,1676,1972,2418,3291,1525,2040,2766,2337,2220,2800,3001,2078,1759,2836,1896,2026,1758,1543,1047,896,946,1060,1384,1482,815,1414,1322,1440,1240,1468,1098,1133,847,1009,1381,1052,1191,1258,1370,1712,1441,1199,957,1079,150,1262,1417,1368,1219,1136,1064,1463,1636,1059,931,1115,1736,1174,1376,1363,1411,1247,1746,1313,1299,1617,1102,1076,1495,1265,1193,1263,80,{"\u002Falgorithms\u002Ffoundations\u002Fwhat-is-an-algorithm":10580,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Ffoundations\u002Fproof-techniques":10585,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Ffoundations\u002Fasymptotic-analysis":10589,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Ffoundations\u002Fgrowth-rates-and-loop-analysis":10593,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Ffoundations\u002Frecurrences":10597,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Ffoundations\u002Famortized-analysis":10601,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdivide-and-conquer\u002Fmergesort":10605,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdivide-and-conquer\u002Fquicksort":10610,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdivide-and-conquer\u002Fselection":10614,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdivide-and-conquer\u002Ffast-multiplication":10618,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsorting\u002Fheaps-and-heapsort":10622,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsorting\u002Fsorting-lower-bounds":10627,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsorting\u002Flinear-time-sorting":10631,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsorting\u002Fexternal-sorting":10635,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Felementary-structures":10639,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Fhash-tables":10644,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Fbinary-search-trees":10648,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Favl-trees":10652,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Fbalanced-trees":10656,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Funion-find":10660,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Ffenwick-and-segment-trees":10664,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Fspatial-data-structures":10668,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Fskip-lists-and-probabilistic-structures":10672,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Fb-trees":10676,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Fdata-stream-algorithms":10680,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Fstreaming-sketches":10684,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsequences\u002Ftwo-pointers-and-windows":10688,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsequences\u002Fprefix-sums":10693,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsequences\u002Fmonotonic-stacks":10697,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsequences\u002Fbinary-search-on-the-answer":10701,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsequences\u002Fstring-matching":10705,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsequences\u002Fkmp-and-z-function":10709,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsequences\u002Ftries":10713,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsequences\u002Fsuffix-arrays-and-aho-corasick":10717,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Frepresentations-and-traversal":10721,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fdepth-first-search":10726,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Ftopological-sort-and-scc":10730,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fminimum-spanning-trees":10734,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fkruskal-and-prim":10738,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fshortest-paths":10742,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fall-pairs-and-negative-weights":10746,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fnetwork-flow":10750,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fmax-flow-min-cut":10754,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fbridges-and-articulation-points":10758,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Flowest-common-ancestor":10762,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Ftwo-sat":10766,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Feulerian-tours":10770,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fbipartite-matching":10774,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgreedy\u002Fthe-greedy-method":10778,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgreedy\u002Fscheduling-and-intervals":10783,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgreedy\u002Fhuffman-codes":10787,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgreedy\u002Fmatroids":10791,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgreedy\u002Fstable-matching":10795,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Fprinciples":10799,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Fsequence-dp":10804,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Flongest-increasing-subsequence":10808,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Fknapsack":10812,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Fcoin-change-and-unbounded":10816,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Finterval-dp":10820,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Ftree-dp":10824,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Fbitmask-dp":10828,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Fdp-optimizations":10832,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Fdp-on-graphs":10836,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Fdigit-and-probability-dp":10840,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fbacktracking\u002Fbacktracking-fundamentals":10844,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fbacktracking\u002Fconstraint-search":10849,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fbacktracking\u002Fbranch-and-bound":10853,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fbacktracking\u002Fgraph-backtracking":10857,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fmathematical-algorithms\u002Fnumber-theory-basics":10861,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fmathematical-algorithms\u002Fmodular-exponentiation-and-primality":10866,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fmathematical-algorithms\u002Fsieve-and-factorization":10870,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fmathematical-algorithms\u002Fcombinatorics":10874,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fmathematical-algorithms\u002Fmatrix-exponentiation":10878,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fmathematical-algorithms\u002Ffast-fourier-transform":10882,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fmathematical-algorithms\u002Fgradient-descent":10886,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fcomputational-geometry\u002Fgeometric-primitives":10890,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fcomputational-geometry\u002Fconvex-hull":10895,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fcomputational-geometry\u002Fsweep-line":10899,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fcomputational-geometry\u002Fpolygons-and-proximity":10903,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fintractability\u002Fp-np-reductions":10907,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fintractability\u002Fnp-completeness":10912,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fintractability\u002Fcoping-with-hardness":10916,"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fintractability\u002Fapproximation-algorithms":10920,"\u002Falgorithms":10924,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Flimits-and-continuity\u002Ffunctions-and-models":10927,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Flimits-and-continuity\u002Fthe-limit-of-a-function":10932,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Flimits-and-continuity\u002Flimit-laws-and-the-precise-definition":10936,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Flimits-and-continuity\u002Fcontinuity":10940,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fderivatives\u002Fthe-derivative-and-rates-of-change":10944,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fderivatives\u002Fdifferentiation-rules-and-the-chain-rule":10949,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fderivatives\u002Fimplicit-differentiation-and-related-rates":10953,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fderivatives\u002Flinear-approximations-and-differentials":10957,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fapplications-of-derivatives\u002Fextrema-and-the-mean-value-theorem":10961,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fapplications-of-derivatives\u002Fhow-derivatives-shape-a-graph":10966,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fapplications-of-derivatives\u002Fcurve-sketching-and-optimization":10970,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fapplications-of-derivatives\u002Fnewtons-method-and-antiderivatives":10974,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fintegrals\u002Farea-and-the-definite-integral":10978,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fintegrals\u002Fthe-fundamental-theorem-of-calculus":10983,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fintegrals\u002Fthe-substitution-rule":10987,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fapplications-of-integration\u002Fareas-and-volumes":10991,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fapplications-of-integration\u002Fwork-average-value-and-arc-length":10996,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fapplications-of-integration\u002Fphysics-economics-and-probability":11000,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fexponential-logarithmic-and-inverse-functions\u002Finverse-functions-logarithms-and-exponentials":11004,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fexponential-logarithmic-and-inverse-functions\u002Fgrowth-decay-inverse-trig-and-hyperbolic-functions":11009,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fexponential-logarithmic-and-inverse-functions\u002Flhospitals-rule":11013,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Ftechniques-of-integration\u002Fintegration-by-parts":11017,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Ftechniques-of-integration\u002Ftrigonometric-integrals-and-substitution":11022,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Ftechniques-of-integration\u002Fpartial-fractions-and-integration-strategy":11026,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Ftechniques-of-integration\u002Fapproximate-and-improper-integrals":11030,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fparametric-and-polar\u002Fparametric-curves-and-their-calculus":11034,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fparametric-and-polar\u002Fpolar-coordinates":11039,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fparametric-and-polar\u002Fconic-sections":11043,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fsequences-and-series\u002Fsequences":11047,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fsequences-and-series\u002Fseries-and-the-integral-test":11052,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fsequences-and-series\u002Fthe-convergence-tests":11056,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fsequences-and-series\u002Fpower-series":11060,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fsequences-and-series\u002Ftaylor-and-maclaurin-series":11064,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fvectors-and-space-curves\u002Fvectors-and-the-dot-product":11068,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fvectors-and-space-curves\u002Fthe-cross-product-lines-and-planes":11073,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fvectors-and-space-curves\u002Fcylinders-and-quadric-surfaces":11077,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fvectors-and-space-curves\u002Fvector-functions-and-space-curves":11081,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fvectors-and-space-curves\u002Farc-length-curvature-and-motion":11085,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fpartial-derivatives\u002Ffunctions-of-several-variables":11089,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fpartial-derivatives\u002Fpartial-derivatives":11094,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fpartial-derivatives\u002Ftangent-planes-and-the-chain-rule":11097,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fpartial-derivatives\u002Fdirectional-derivatives-and-the-gradient":11101,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fpartial-derivatives\u002Foptimization-and-lagrange-multipliers":11105,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fmultiple-integrals-and-vector-calculus\u002Fdouble-integrals":11109,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fmultiple-integrals-and-vector-calculus\u002Ftriple-integrals-and-coordinate-systems":11114,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fmultiple-integrals-and-vector-calculus\u002Fvector-fields-and-line-integrals":11118,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fmultiple-integrals-and-vector-calculus\u002Fgreens-theorem-curl-and-divergence":11122,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fmultiple-integrals-and-vector-calculus\u002Fsurface-integrals":11126,"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fmultiple-integrals-and-vector-calculus\u002Fstokes-and-the-divergence-theorem":11130,"\u002Fcalculus":11134,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Ffoundations\u002Fmeasurement-and-dimensions":11137,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Ffoundations\u002Fvector-algebra":11141,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fkinematics\u002Fone-dimensional-motion":11145,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fkinematics\u002Fmotion-graphs":11150,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fkinematics\u002Fprojectile-motion":11154,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fkinematics\u002Frelative-motion":11158,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fkinematics\u002Fcircular-motion":11162,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fdynamics\u002Fnewtons-laws":11166,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fdynamics\u002Ffree-body-diagrams":11171,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fdynamics\u002Ffriction-and-curved-motion":11175,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fdynamics\u002Fnumerical-dynamics":11179,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fdynamics\u002Fcenter-of-mass-systems":11183,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fenergy\u002Fwork-and-kinetic-energy":11187,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fenergy\u002Fpotential-energy":11192,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fenergy\u002Fmultiparticle-work":11196,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fenergy\u002Fmass-energy-and-binding":11200,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fenergy\u002Fphotons-and-quantization":11204,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fmomentum\u002Fmomentum-and-collisions":11208,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fmomentum\u002Fcenter-of-mass-collisions":11213,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fmomentum\u002Frocket-propulsion":11217,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Frotation\u002Frotational-inertia":11221,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Frotation\u002Frotational-dynamics":11226,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Frotation\u002Frolling-motion":11230,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Frotation\u002Fangular-momentum":11234,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Frotation\u002Frolling-resistance":11238,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Frotation\u002Fgyroscopic-precession":11242,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fgravity-and-matter\u002Fkeplerian-orbits":11246,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fgravity-and-matter\u002Fgravitational-fields":11251,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fgravity-and-matter\u002Fstatic-equilibrium":11255,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fgravity-and-matter\u002Ffluid-statics":11259,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fgravity-and-matter\u002Ffluid-flow":11263,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fgravity-and-matter\u002Forbital-motion":11267,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fgravity-and-matter\u002Fstress-and-elasticity":11271,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fdamped-oscillators":11275,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Ftravelling-waves":11280,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fwave-superposition":11284,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fstanding-waves":11288,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fsound-waves":11292,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fdoppler-effect":11296,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fwave-packets":11300,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fbeats-and-coupling":11304,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fsimple-harmonic-motion":11308,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fpendulum-motion":11312,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fdriven-oscillators":11316,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fwave-boundaries":11320,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fkinetic-theory-of-ideal-gases":11324,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Ffirst-law-of-thermodynamics":11329,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fentropy-and-the-second-law":11333,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fthermal-processes":11337,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fphase-changes":11341,"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fthermal-machines":11345,"\u002Fmechanics":11349,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-fields\u002Fcharge-and-conductors":11352,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-fields\u002Fcoulombs-law":11357,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-fields\u002Felectric-field-and-force":11361,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-fields\u002Felectric-field-maps":11365,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-fields\u002Felectric-dipoles":11369,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fcontinuous-charge-distributions\u002Fcontinuous-charge-fields":11373,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fcontinuous-charge-distributions\u002Fgauss-law-and-conductors":11378,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-potential\u002Fpoint-charge-potential":11382,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-potential\u002Fpotential-gradients-and-equipotentials":11387,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-potential\u002Felectrostatic-energy-and-pressure":11391,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-potential\u002Flaplace-boundary-problems":11395,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-potential\u002Fcontinuous-charge-potentials":11399,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fcapacitance\u002Fcapacitance-fundamentals":11403,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fcapacitance\u002Fcapacitor-networks":11408,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fcapacitance\u002Fcapacitor-energy-and-force":11412,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fcapacitance\u002Fdielectric-polarization-and-breakdown":11416,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fdirect-current-circuits\u002Fcurrent-and-resistance":11420,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fdirect-current-circuits\u002Fkirchhoff-network-analysis":11425,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fdirect-current-circuits\u002Frc-transients":11429,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-field\u002Fmagnetic-trajectories":11433,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-field\u002Fhall-effect":11438,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-field\u002Fmagnetic-force-on-conductors":11442,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-field\u002Fmagnetic-dipoles":11446,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-field\u002Fmass-spectrometry":11450,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-sources\u002Fmoving-charge-fields":11454,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-sources\u002Fbiot-savart-law":11459,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-sources\u002Fcircular-current-loops":11463,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-sources\u002Famperes-law":11467,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-sources\u002Fgauss-law-for-magnetism":11471,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-sources\u002Fmagnetic-materials":11475,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectromagnetic-induction\u002Fmagnetic-flux":11479,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectromagnetic-induction\u002Ffaradays-law":11484,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectromagnetic-induction\u002Flenzs-law":11488,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectromagnetic-induction\u002Fmotional-emf":11492,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectromagnetic-induction\u002Feddy-currents":11496,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectromagnetic-induction\u002Fself-inductance":11500,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectromagnetic-induction\u002Fmagnetic-energy":11504,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectromagnetic-induction\u002Frl-circuits":11508,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Falternating-current\u002Fac-fundamentals":11512,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Falternating-current\u002Freactance":11517,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Falternating-current\u002Frlc-resonance":11521,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Falternating-current\u002Fac-power":11525,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Falternating-current\u002Ftransformers":11529,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmaxwell-electromagnetic-waves\u002Fdisplacement-current":11533,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmaxwell-electromagnetic-waves\u002Felectromagnetic-waves":11538,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmaxwell-electromagnetic-waves\u002Felectromagnetic-momentum":11542,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmaxwell-electromagnetic-waves\u002Fdipole-radiation":11546,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmaxwell-electromagnetic-waves\u002Fpolarization":11550,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Foptics\u002Freflection-and-refraction":11554,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Foptics\u002Fthin-lenses":11559,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Foptics\u002Fspherical-mirrors":11563,"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism":11567,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Flinear-systems\u002Fsystems-and-echelon-forms":11570,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Flinear-systems\u002Fvector-and-matrix-equations":11575,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Flinear-systems\u002Fsolution-sets-and-applications":11579,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Flinear-systems\u002Flinear-independence":11583,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Flinear-systems\u002Flinear-transformations":11587,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fmatrix-algebra\u002Fmatrix-operations":11591,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fmatrix-algebra\u002Fmatrix-inverse-and-invertibility":11596,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fmatrix-algebra\u002Fpartitioned-matrices-and-lu":11600,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fmatrix-algebra\u002Fsubspaces-dimension-rank":11604,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fmatrix-algebra\u002Fapplications-leontief-and-graphics":11608,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fdeterminants\u002Fdeterminants-and-cofactors":11612,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fdeterminants\u002Fproperties-of-determinants":11617,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fdeterminants\u002Fcramer-volume-and-area":11621,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fvector-spaces\u002Fvector-spaces-and-subspaces":11625,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fvector-spaces\u002Fnull-and-column-spaces":11630,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fvector-spaces\u002Fbases-and-independent-sets":11634,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fvector-spaces\u002Fcoordinate-systems":11638,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fvector-spaces\u002Fdimension-and-rank":11642,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fvector-spaces\u002Fchange-of-basis":11646,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fvector-spaces\u002Fdifference-equations-and-markov":11650,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Feigenvalues\u002Feigenvectors-and-eigenvalues":11654,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Feigenvalues\u002Fthe-characteristic-equation":11659,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Feigenvalues\u002Fdiagonalization":11663,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Feigenvalues\u002Feigenvectors-and-linear-transformations":11667,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Feigenvalues\u002Fcomplex-eigenvalues":11671,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Feigenvalues\u002Fdynamical-systems":11675,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Feigenvalues\u002Fpower-method":11679,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Forthogonality-least-squares\u002Finner-product-length-orthogonality":11683,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Forthogonality-least-squares\u002Forthogonal-sets-and-projections":11688,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Forthogonality-least-squares\u002Fgram-schmidt-and-qr":11692,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Forthogonality-least-squares\u002Fleast-squares-problems":11696,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Forthogonality-least-squares\u002Fleast-squares-applications":11700,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Forthogonality-least-squares\u002Finner-product-spaces":11704,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fsymmetric-quadratic-svd\u002Fdiagonalizing-symmetric-matrices":11708,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fsymmetric-quadratic-svd\u002Fquadratic-forms":11713,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fsymmetric-quadratic-svd\u002Fconstrained-optimization":11717,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fsymmetric-quadratic-svd\u002Fsingular-value-decomposition":11721,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fsymmetric-quadratic-svd\u002Fsvd-applications-pca-imaging":11725,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fnumerical-linear-algebra\u002Fnumerical-thinking-and-matrix-computation":11729,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fnumerical-linear-algebra\u002Flu-and-cholesky":11734,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fnumerical-linear-algebra\u002Fconditioning-and-floating-point":11738,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fnumerical-linear-algebra\u002Fstability-and-error-analysis":11742,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fnumerical-linear-algebra\u002Fqr-and-numerical-least-squares":11746,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fnumerical-linear-algebra\u002Fnumerical-eigenvalues-and-svd":11750,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fgeometry-of-vector-spaces\u002Faffine-combinations":11754,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fgeometry-of-vector-spaces\u002Faffine-independence-and-barycentric-coordinates":11759,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fgeometry-of-vector-spaces\u002Fconvex-combinations-and-convex-sets":11763,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fgeometry-of-vector-spaces\u002Fhyperplanes-and-polytopes":11767,"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fgeometry-of-vector-spaces\u002Fcurves-and-surfaces":11771,"\u002Flinear-algebra":11775,"\u002Ftheory-of-computation":11778,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Ffoundations\u002Fbits-bytes-and-words":11781,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Ffoundations\u002Finteger-representation":11785,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Ffoundations\u002Finteger-arithmetic":11789,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Ffoundations\u002Ffloating-point":11793,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Ffoundations\u002Fboolean-algebra-and-bit-manipulation":11797,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmachine-level-x86-64\u002Fthe-machines-view":11801,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmachine-level-x86-64\u002Fdata-movement":11806,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmachine-level-x86-64\u002Farithmetic-and-logic":11810,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmachine-level-x86-64\u002Fcontrol-flow":11814,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmachine-level-x86-64\u002Fprocedures":11818,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmachine-level-x86-64\u002Farrays-structs-and-alignment":11822,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmachine-level-x86-64\u002Fmemory-layout-and-buffer-overflows":11826,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Finstruction-set-architecture\u002Fwhat-an-isa-is":11830,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Finstruction-set-architecture\u002Finstruction-formats-and-operands":11835,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Finstruction-set-architecture\u002Faddressing-modes":11839,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Finstruction-set-architecture\u002Fthe-y86-64-instruction-set":11843,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Finstruction-set-architecture\u002Fy86-64-programming":11847,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fdigital-logic\u002Ftransistors-gates-and-boolean-functions":11851,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fdigital-logic\u002Fcombinational-logic-and-hcl":11856,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fdigital-logic\u002Fmultiplexers-decoders-and-the-alu":11860,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fdigital-logic\u002Fmemory-elements-latches-flip-flops-and-clocking":11864,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fdigital-logic\u002Fregister-files-and-random-access-memory":11868,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fprocessor-design\u002Fthe-fetch-decode-execute-cycle":11872,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fprocessor-design\u002Fthe-seq-stages":11877,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fprocessor-design\u002Fcontrol-logic-and-sequencing":11881,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fprocessor-design\u002Fassembling-seq":11885,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fprocessor-design\u002Ftracing-a-program":11889,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fpipelining\u002Fpipelining-principles":11893,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fpipelining\u002Ffrom-seq-to-pipe":11898,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fpipelining\u002Fdata-hazards-stalling-and-forwarding":11902,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fpipelining\u002Fcontrol-hazards-and-branch-prediction":11906,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fpipelining\u002Fthe-complete-pipe-processor":11910,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmemory-hierarchy\u002Fstorage-technologies-and-the-latency-gap":11914,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmemory-hierarchy\u002Flocality":11919,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmemory-hierarchy\u002Fcache-memories-direct-mapped":11923,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmemory-hierarchy\u002Fset-associative-and-write-policies":11927,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmemory-hierarchy\u002Fcache-performance-and-cache-friendly-code":11931,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fvirtual-memory\u002Faddress-spaces-and-translation":11935,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fvirtual-memory\u002Fpage-tables-and-page-faults":11940,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fvirtual-memory\u002Fthe-tlb-and-multi-level-page-tables":11944,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fexceptions-and-io\u002Fexceptional-control-flow":11948,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fexceptions-and-io\u002Finterrupts-and-the-kernel":11953,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmultithreading-and-multicore\u002Fprocesses-threads-and-parallelism":11957,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmultithreading-and-multicore\u002Fhardware-multithreading":11962,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmultithreading-and-multicore\u002Fcache-coherence":11966,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmultithreading-and-multicore\u002Fmemory-consistency-and-synchronization":11970,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmultithreading-and-multicore\u002Fmulticore-organization":11974,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fcapstone\u002Fthe-whole-machine":11978,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fcapstone\u002Fassembling-a-complete-cpu":11983,"\u002Fcomputer-architecture":11987,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Ffoundations\u002Fmodels-and-direction-fields":11990,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Ffoundations\u002Fclassification-and-terminology":11994,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Ffirst-order\u002Flinear-first-order-integrating-factors":11998,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Ffirst-order\u002Fseparable-and-exact":12003,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Ffirst-order\u002Fmodeling-first-order":12007,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Ffirst-order\u002Fautonomous-and-population-dynamics":12011,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Ffirst-order\u002Fexistence-uniqueness-euler":12015,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Ffirst-order\u002Ffirst-order-difference-equations":12019,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsecond-order-linear\u002Fhomogeneous-constant-coefficients":12023,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsecond-order-linear\u002Fcomplex-and-repeated-roots":12028,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsecond-order-linear\u002Fnonhomogeneous-undetermined-coefficients":12032,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsecond-order-linear\u002Fvariation-of-parameters":12036,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsecond-order-linear\u002Fmechanical-electrical-vibrations":12040,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsecond-order-linear\u002Fhigher-order-linear":12044,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fseries-solutions\u002Fpower-series-ordinary-points":12048,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fseries-solutions\u002Fregular-singular-frobenius":12053,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fseries-solutions\u002Fbessel-and-special-functions":12057,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Flaplace\u002Flaplace-definition-ivps":12061,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Flaplace\u002Fstep-impulse-convolution":12066,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsystems\u002Fmatrices-eigenvalues-review":12070,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsystems\u002Fconstant-coefficient-systems-phase-portraits":12075,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsystems\u002Frepeated-eigenvalues-fundamental-matrices":12079,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fnumerical\u002Feuler-and-runge-kutta":12083,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fnumerical\u002Fmultistep-systems-stability":12088,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fnonlinear\u002Fphase-plane-autonomous-stability":12092,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fnonlinear\u002Flocally-linear-and-liapunov":12097,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fnonlinear\u002Fcompeting-species-predator-prey-limit-cycles":12101,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fpdes-fourier-bvp\u002Ffourier-series":12105,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fpdes-fourier-bvp\u002Fheat-wave-laplace-equations":12110,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fpdes-fourier-bvp\u002Fsturm-liouville":12114,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fhistory-variations\u002Fcalculus-of-variations":12118,"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fhistory-variations\u002Fhistorical-notes":12123,"\u002Fdifferential-equations":12127,"\u002Frelativity\u002Ffoundations\u002Fspecial-relativity-postulates":12130,"\u002Frelativity\u002Ffoundations\u002Florentz-transformation-spacetime":12135,"\u002Frelativity\u002Ffoundations\u002Ftime-dilation-length-contraction":12139,"\u002Frelativity\u002Ffoundations\u002Frelativistic-momentum-energy":12143,"\u002Frelativity\u002Ffoundations\u002Fgeneral-relativity":12147,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fspacetime-and-the-lorentz-group\u002Fminkowski-spacetime-and-the-interval":12151,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fspacetime-and-the-lorentz-group\u002Ffour-vectors-and-index-notation":12156,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fspacetime-and-the-lorentz-group\u002Fthe-lorentz-group-and-rapidity":12160,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fspacetime-and-the-lorentz-group\u002Fdoppler-aberration-and-appearance":12164,"\u002Frelativity\u002Frelativistic-dynamics\u002Ffour-momentum-force-and-accelerated-motion":12168,"\u002Frelativity\u002Frelativistic-dynamics\u002Fparticle-decays-and-two-body-kinematics":12173,"\u002Frelativity\u002Frelativistic-dynamics\u002Fcollisions-thresholds-and-the-cm-frame":12177,"\u002Frelativity\u002Frelativistic-dynamics\u002Fmandelstam-variables-and-invariants":12181,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcovariant-electrodynamics\u002Ffour-current-and-the-four-potential":12185,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcovariant-electrodynamics\u002Fthe-electromagnetic-field-tensor":12190,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcovariant-electrodynamics\u002Ftransformation-of-electric-and-magnetic-fields":12194,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcovariant-electrodynamics\u002Fcovariant-maxwell-and-the-stress-energy-tensor":12198,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcurved-spacetime\u002Fthe-equivalence-principle-formalized":12202,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcurved-spacetime\u002Fmanifolds-vectors-and-the-metric":12207,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcurved-spacetime\u002Fcovariant-derivative-and-christoffel-symbols":12211,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcurved-spacetime\u002Fgeodesics-and-the-geodesic-equation":12215,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcurved-spacetime\u002Fcurvature-riemann-and-geodesic-deviation":12219,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcurved-spacetime\u002Fthe-einstein-field-equations":12223,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fthe-schwarzschild-solution\u002Fthe-schwarzschild-metric":12227,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fthe-schwarzschild-solution\u002Fgeodesics-and-orbits-in-schwarzschild":12232,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fthe-schwarzschild-solution\u002Flight-bending-and-null-geodesics":12236,"\u002Frelativity\u002Ftests-of-general-relativity\u002Fperihelion-precession-of-mercury":12240,"\u002Frelativity\u002Ftests-of-general-relativity\u002Fdeflection-of-light-and-gravitational-lensing":12245,"\u002Frelativity\u002Ftests-of-general-relativity\u002Fgravitational-redshift-and-shapiro-delay":12249,"\u002Frelativity\u002Ftests-of-general-relativity\u002Frelativity-in-technology-gps":12253,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fblack-holes\u002Fhorizons-and-coordinate-singularities":12257,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fblack-holes\u002Frotating-and-charged-black-holes":12262,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fblack-holes\u002Fblack-hole-thermodynamics":12266,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fgravitational-waves\u002Flinearized-gravity-and-wave-solutions":12270,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fgravitational-waves\u002Fgeneration-and-the-quadrupole-formula":12275,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fgravitational-waves\u002Fdetection-ligo-and-the-first-events":12279,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcosmological-bridge\u002Fthe-cosmological-principle-and-flrw-metric":12283,"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcosmological-bridge\u002Ffriedmann-equations-and-cosmic-dynamics":12288,"\u002Frelativity":12292,"\u002Fphysical-computing":12295,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fold-quantum-theory\u002Fblackbody-radiation-and-the-planck-quantum":12298,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fold-quantum-theory\u002Fthe-photoelectric-effect-and-the-photon":12303,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fold-quantum-theory\u002Fx-rays-and-the-compton-effect":12307,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fold-quantum-theory\u002Fthe-old-quantum-theory-bohr-and-sommerfeld":12311,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fmatter-waves\u002Fde-broglie-waves-and-electron-diffraction":12315,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fmatter-waves\u002Fwave-packets-and-the-probability-interpretation":12320,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fmatter-waves\u002Fthe-uncertainty-principle":12324,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fwave-mechanics-1d\u002Fthe-schrodinger-equation-in-one-dimension":12328,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fwave-mechanics-1d\u002Fthe-free-particle-and-wave-packet-dynamics":12333,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fwave-mechanics-1d\u002Fparticle-in-infinite-and-finite-square-wells":12337,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fwave-mechanics-1d\u002Foperators-expectation-values-and-the-harmonic-oscillator":12341,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fwave-mechanics-1d\u002Fthe-dirac-delta-potential":12345,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fwave-mechanics-1d\u002Fbarrier-penetration-and-quantum-tunneling":12349,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fformalism\u002Fhilbert-space-and-dirac-notation":12353,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fformalism\u002Fobservables-hermitian-operators-and-eigenvalues":12358,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fformalism\u002Fthe-postulates-and-quantum-measurement":12362,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fformalism\u002Fposition-momentum-and-continuous-spectra":12366,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fformalism\u002Fcommutators-and-the-generalized-uncertainty-principle":12370,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fformalism\u002Ftime-evolution-schrodinger-and-heisenberg-pictures":12374,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Foscillator-and-symmetry\u002Fladder-operators-and-the-number-states":12378,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Foscillator-and-symmetry\u002Fcoherent-and-squeezed-states":12383,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Foscillator-and-symmetry\u002Fsymmetries-generators-and-conservation-laws":12387,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Foscillator-and-symmetry\u002Fparity-time-reversal-and-discrete-symmetries":12391,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fangular-momentum\u002Forbital-angular-momentum-and-spherical-harmonics":12395,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fangular-momentum\u002Fthe-angular-momentum-algebra":12399,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fangular-momentum\u002Faddition-of-angular-momenta-and-clebsch-gordan":12403,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fcentral-potentials\u002Fthe-schrodinger-equation-in-three-dimensions":12407,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fcentral-potentials\u002Fthe-hydrogen-atom":12412,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fcentral-potentials\u002Fthe-isotropic-oscillator-and-hidden-symmetry":12416,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fspin\u002Fspin-half-pauli-matrices-and-stern-gerlach":12420,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fspin\u002Fspin-in-a-magnetic-field-precession-and-resonance":12425,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fspin\u002Ftwo-level-systems-and-the-bloch-sphere":12429,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fidentical-particles\u002Fidentical-particles-and-exchange-symmetry":12433,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fidentical-particles\u002Fthe-pauli-principle-atoms-and-the-periodic-table":12438,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fapproximation-methods\u002Ftime-independent-perturbation-theory":12442,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fapproximation-methods\u002Ffine-structure-and-the-real-hydrogen-atom":12447,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fapproximation-methods\u002Fthe-zeeman-and-stark-effects":12451,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fapproximation-methods\u002Fthe-variational-method":12455,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fapproximation-methods\u002Fthe-wkb-approximation":12459,"\u002Fquantum-mechanics":12463,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Ffoundations\u002Fsets-logic-functions":12466,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Ffoundations\u002Fordered-fields-completeness":12471,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Ffoundations\u002Fabsolute-value-bounds":12475,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Ffoundations\u002Fintervals-uncountability":12479,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fsequences-series\u002Fsequences-limits":12483,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fsequences-series\u002Flimit-laws-monotone":12488,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fsequences-series\u002Flimsup-bolzano-weierstrass":12492,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fsequences-series\u002Fcauchy-completeness":12496,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fsequences-series\u002Fseries-convergence":12500,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fsequences-series\u002Fabsolute-conditional-rearrangement":12504,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fmetric-spaces\u002Fmetric-spaces-norms":12508,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fmetric-spaces\u002Fopen-closed-sets":12513,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fmetric-spaces\u002Fconvergence-completeness":12517,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fmetric-spaces\u002Fcompactness":12521,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fmetric-spaces\u002Fconnectedness":12525,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fcontinuity\u002Flimits-of-functions":12529,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fcontinuity\u002Fcontinuous-functions":12533,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fcontinuity\u002Fevt-ivt":12537,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fcontinuity\u002Funiform-continuity":12541,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fcontinuity\u002Fcontinuity-metric-spaces":12545,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fcontinuity\u002Flimits-infinity-monotone":12549,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fdifferentiation\u002Fthe-derivative":12553,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fdifferentiation\u002Fmean-value-theorem":12558,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fdifferentiation\u002Ftaylors-theorem":12562,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fdifferentiation\u002Finverse-function-1d":12566,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Friemann-integration\u002Fdarboux-integral":12570,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Friemann-integration\u002Fintegrability-classes":12575,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Friemann-integration\u002Fproperties-of-the-integral":12579,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Friemann-integration\u002Ffundamental-theorem":12583,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Friemann-integration\u002Flog-exp-improper":12586,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Ffunction-sequences\u002Fpointwise-uniform-convergence":12590,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Ffunction-sequences\u002Finterchange-of-limits":12595,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Ffunction-sequences\u002Fpower-series-weierstrass":12599,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Ffunction-sequences\u002Fpicard-ode":12603,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fseveral-variables\u002Fdifferentiability-rn":12607,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fseveral-variables\u002Fgradient-chain-rule":12612,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fseveral-variables\u002Fhigher-derivatives-taylor-extrema":12616,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fseveral-variables\u002Finverse-implicit-theorems":12620,"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fseveral-variables\u002Fmultiple-integrals":12624,"\u002Freal-analysis":12628,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffoundations\u002Fsets-functions-relations":12631,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffoundations\u002Fintegers-and-modular-arithmetic":12635,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgroups-and-symmetry\u002Fgroup-axioms-and-first-examples":12639,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgroups-and-symmetry\u002Fdihedral-and-symmetric-groups":12644,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgroups-and-symmetry\u002Fmatrix-and-quaternion-groups":12648,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgroups-and-symmetry\u002Fhomomorphisms-and-group-actions":12652,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fsubgroups-and-quotients\u002Fsubgroups-and-substructures":12656,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fsubgroups-and-quotients\u002Fcyclic-groups":12661,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fsubgroups-and-quotients\u002Fgeneration-and-subgroup-lattices":12665,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fsubgroups-and-quotients\u002Fcosets-lagrange-and-normal-subgroups":12669,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fsubgroups-and-quotients\u002Fisomorphism-theorems":12673,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fsubgroups-and-quotients\u002Fcomposition-series-and-the-alternating-group":12677,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgroup-actions-and-sylow\u002Factions-and-cayleys-theorem":12681,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgroup-actions-and-sylow\u002Fconjugation-and-the-class-equation":12686,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgroup-actions-and-sylow\u002Fsylow-theorems":12690,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgroup-actions-and-sylow\u002Fautomorphisms-and-simple-groups":12694,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fproducts-and-group-structure\u002Fdirect-products-and-finite-abelian-groups":12698,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fproducts-and-group-structure\u002Fsemidirect-products":12703,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fproducts-and-group-structure\u002Fnilpotent-and-solvable-groups":12707,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fproducts-and-group-structure\u002Fclassifying-small-groups":12711,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fring-theory\u002Frings-definitions-and-examples":12715,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fring-theory\u002Fideals-quotients-and-homomorphisms":12720,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fring-theory\u002Ffractions-and-the-chinese-remainder-theorem":12724,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffactorization-and-polynomials\u002Feuclidean-domains-pids-ufds":12728,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffactorization-and-polynomials\u002Fpolynomial-rings-over-fields":12733,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffactorization-and-polynomials\u002Fgauss-lemma-and-unique-factorization":12737,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffactorization-and-polynomials\u002Firreducibility-criteria-and-groebner":12741,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fmodule-theory\u002Fintroduction-to-modules":12745,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fmodule-theory\u002Ffree-modules-and-direct-sums":12750,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fmodule-theory\u002Ftensor-products-and-exact-sequences":12754,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fmodule-theory\u002Fvector-spaces-and-linear-maps":12758,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fmodules-over-pids\u002Fstructure-theorem-over-pids":12762,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fmodules-over-pids\u002Frational-canonical-form":12767,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fmodules-over-pids\u002Fjordan-canonical-form":12771,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffield-theory\u002Ffield-extensions-and-algebraic-elements":12775,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffield-theory\u002Fstraightedge-and-compass-constructions":12780,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffield-theory\u002Fsplitting-fields-and-algebraic-closure":12784,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffield-theory\u002Fseparable-and-cyclotomic-extensions":12788,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgalois-theory\u002Fthe-galois-correspondence":12792,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgalois-theory\u002Ffinite-fields":12797,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgalois-theory\u002Fcyclotomic-and-abelian-extensions":12801,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgalois-theory\u002Fgalois-groups-of-polynomials":12805,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgalois-theory\u002Fsolvability-by-radicals-and-the-quintic":12809,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fcapstone\u002Fcommutative-algebra-and-algebraic-geometry":12813,"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fcapstone\u002Frepresentation-and-character-theory":12818,"\u002Fabstract-algebra":12822,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fearly-models-and-old-quantum-theory\u002Fatomic-spectra-rutherford":12825,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fearly-models-and-old-quantum-theory\u002Fbohr-model-hydrogen":12830,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fearly-models-and-old-quantum-theory\u002Fx-ray-spectra-franck-hertz":12834,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fearly-models-and-old-quantum-theory\u002Fbohr-sommerfeld-old-quantum-theory":12838,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fearly-models-and-old-quantum-theory\u002Fold-quantum-theory-limits-wkb":12842,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fquantum-hydrogen-atom\u002Fschrodinger-3d-hydrogen":12846,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fquantum-hydrogen-atom\u002Fhydrogen-wave-functions":12851,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fquantum-hydrogen-atom\u002Fradial-equation-in-full":12855,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fquantum-hydrogen-atom\u002Fsymmetry-degeneracy-runge-lenz":12859,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fquantum-hydrogen-atom\u002Fexpectation-values-virial":12863,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fquantum-hydrogen-atom\u002Fquantum-defects-alkali-spectra":12867,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fquantum-hydrogen-atom\u002Frydberg-atoms":12871,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Ffine-structure-and-the-dirac-atom\u002Frelativistic-kinetic-correction":12875,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Ffine-structure-and-the-dirac-atom\u002Fspin-orbit-thomas-precession":12880,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Ffine-structure-and-the-dirac-atom\u002Fdarwin-term-fine-structure-formula":12884,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Ffine-structure-and-the-dirac-atom\u002Fdirac-equation-hydrogen":12888,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fqed-corrections-and-hyperfine-structure\u002Flamb-shift-qed":12892,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fqed-corrections-and-hyperfine-structure\u002Fhyperfine-structure-21cm":12897,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fqed-corrections-and-hyperfine-structure\u002Fnuclear-effects-isotope-shift":12901,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmany-electron-atoms\u002Fperiodic-table-atomic-spectra":12905,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmany-electron-atoms\u002Fcentral-field-self-consistent":12910,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmany-electron-atoms\u002Fidentical-particles-hartree-fock":12914,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmany-electron-atoms\u002Fhelium-two-electron-atom":12918,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmany-electron-atoms\u002Fls-jj-coupling-term-symbols":12922,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmany-electron-atoms\u002Fhund-rules-ground-terms":12926,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fatoms-in-external-fields\u002Fzeeman-effect":12930,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fatoms-in-external-fields\u002Fpaschen-back-intermediate":12935,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fatoms-in-external-fields\u002Fstark-effect-polarizability":12939,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fradiative-transitions-and-line-shapes\u002Ftime-dependent-perturbation-golden-rule":12943,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fradiative-transitions-and-line-shapes\u002Fdipole-approximation-einstein-coefficients":12948,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fradiative-transitions-and-line-shapes\u002Fselection-rules-forbidden-transitions":12952,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fradiative-transitions-and-line-shapes\u002Flifetimes-and-line-shapes":12956,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Flasers-and-spectroscopy\u002Flaser-principles":12960,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Flasers-and-spectroscopy\u002Fspectroscopy-techniques":12965,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Flasers-and-spectroscopy\u002Fline-catalog-nist-asd":12969,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmodern-atomic-physics\u002Flaser-cooling-doppler":12973,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmodern-atomic-physics\u002Fsub-doppler-trapping":12978,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmodern-atomic-physics\u002Fbose-einstein-condensation":12982,"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmodern-atomic-physics\u002Foptical-clocks-precision":12986,"\u002Fatomic-physics":12990,"\u002Fdatabases":12993,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Ffoundations\u002Fwhat-is-a-category":12996,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Ffoundations\u002Fexamples-of-categories":13000,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Ffoundations\u002Fspecial-morphisms":13004,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Ffoundations\u002Ffunctors":13008,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Ffoundations\u002Fnatural-transformations":13012,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Ffoundations\u002Fsize-and-set-theory":13016,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Funiversal-properties\u002Funiversal-properties":13020,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Funiversal-properties\u002Fproducts-and-coproducts":13025,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Funiversal-properties\u002Fconstructions-on-categories":13029,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Frepresentables-yoneda\u002Frepresentable-functors":13033,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Frepresentables-yoneda\u002Fyoneda-lemma":13038,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Frepresentables-yoneda\u002Fyoneda-consequences":13042,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Flimits-colimits\u002Flimits":13046,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Flimits-colimits\u002Fproducts-equalizers-pullbacks":13051,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Flimits-colimits\u002Fcolimits":13055,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Flimits-colimits\u002Fcomputing-limits":13059,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Flimits-colimits\u002Flimits-and-functors":13063,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fadjunctions\u002Fadjunctions":13067,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fadjunctions\u002Funits-and-counits":13072,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fadjunctions\u002Fadjunctions-via-universal-arrows":13076,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fadjunctions\u002Ffree-forgetful-adjunctions":13080,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fadjoints-limits\u002Flimits-via-adjoints":13084,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fadjoints-limits\u002Fpresheaf-limits-colimits":13089,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fadjoints-limits\u002Fadjoints-preserve-limits":13093,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fadjoints-limits\u002Fadjoint-functor-theorem":13097,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fmonads-algebras\u002Fmonads":13101,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fmonads-algebras\u002Falgebras-eilenberg-moore":13106,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fmonads-algebras\u002Fkleisli-and-programming":13110,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fmonads-algebras\u002Falgebras-for-endofunctors":13114,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fcartesian-closed-lambda\u002Fcartesian-closed-categories":13118,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fcartesian-closed-lambda\u002Flambda-calculus-correspondence":13123,"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fcartesian-closed-lambda\u002Ffixed-points-and-recursion":13127,"\u002Fcategory-theory":13131,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fmathematical-background\u002Flinear-algebra-for-deep-learning":13134,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fmathematical-background\u002Fprobability-and-information-theory":13138,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fmathematical-background\u002Fnumerical-computation":13142,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fmathematical-background\u002Fcalculus":13146,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Fwhat-is-deep-learning":13149,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Fmachine-learning-refresher":13153,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Flinear-models-and-the-perceptron":13157,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fneural-networks\u002Fthe-multilayer-perceptron":13161,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fneural-networks\u002Factivation-functions":13166,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fneural-networks\u002Funiversal-approximation":13170,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fneural-networks\u002Fbackpropagation":13174,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fneural-networks\u002Floss-functions-and-output-units":13178,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Foptimization\u002Fgradient-descent-and-sgd":13182,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Foptimization\u002Fmomentum-and-adaptive-methods":13187,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Foptimization\u002Finitialization":13191,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Foptimization\u002Fthe-optimization-landscape":13195,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Foptimization\u002Fsecond-order-and-approximate-methods":13199,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fregularization\u002Fregularization-overview":13203,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fregularization\u002Fdropout-and-data-augmentation":13208,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fregularization\u002Fearly-stopping-and-parameter-sharing":13212,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fregularization\u002Fnormalization":13216,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Fconvolutional-networks":13220,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Fcnn-architectures":13225,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Frecurrent-networks":13229,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Flstm-and-gru":13233,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Fattention-and-transformers":13237,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Fthe-transformer-architecture":13241,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Ftransformers-in-practice":13245,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Fgraph-neural-networks":13249,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Fstate-space-models":13253,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Ftheory\u002Fgeneralization-theory":13257,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Ftheory\u002Fadversarial-robustness":13262,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Ftheory\u002Fadversarial-defenses":13266,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Ftheory\u002Fbayesian-and-ensemble-methods":13270,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Ftheory\u002Fdeep-equilibrium-models":13274,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fgenerative-models\u002Flinear-factor-models":13278,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fgenerative-models\u002Fautoencoders":13283,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fgenerative-models\u002Fvariational-autoencoders":13287,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fgenerative-models\u002Fgenerative-adversarial-networks":13291,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fgenerative-models\u002Fautoregressive-and-normalizing-flows":13295,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fgenerative-models\u002Fenergy-based-and-boltzmann-machines":13299,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fgenerative-models\u002Fdiffusion-and-score-based-models":13303,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fprobabilistic-methods\u002Fstructured-probabilistic-models":13307,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fprobabilistic-methods\u002Fmonte-carlo-and-mcmc":13312,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fprobabilistic-methods\u002Fapproximate-inference":13316,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fpractical\u002Fpractical-methodology":13320,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fpractical\u002Fhyperparameters-and-debugging":13325,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fpractical\u002Frepresentation-learning":13329,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fpractical\u002Ftransfer-learning":13333,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fpractical\u002Fapplications":13337,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fpractical\u002Fmodel-compression-and-distillation":13341,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fpractical\u002Fmeta-learning-and-few-shot":13345,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Flarge-language-models":13349,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Fscaling-inference-and-alignment":13354,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Fseq2seq-pretraining-and-bart":13358,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Ftext-to-text-transfer-and-conditional-generation":13362,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Fspeech-and-audio-models":13366,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Fself-supervised-speech-and-synthesis":13370,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Fai-agents":13374,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Fagent-memory-retrieval-and-orchestration":13378,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Fmixture-of-experts":13382,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Fmultimodal-models":13386,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Ffusion-and-vision-language-models":13390,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ffoundations-of-reinforcement-learning":13394,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodel-free-prediction-and-control":13399,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-q-networks":13403,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fpolicy-gradients-and-actor-critic":13407,"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Frl-from-human-feedback":13411,"\u002Fdeep-learning":13415,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fequilibrium-state-variables-zeroth-law":13418,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Ffirst-law-heat-and-work":13422,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fsecond-law-entropy-and-the-carnot-bound":13426,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fthermodynamic-potentials-and-maxwell-relations":13430,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fstability-response-functions-and-the-third-law":13434,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffoundations\u002Fclassical-statistics-and-equipartition":13438,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffoundations\u002Fphase-space-and-liouvilles-theorem":13443,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffoundations\u002Fensembles-and-the-equal-probability-postulate":13447,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffoundations\u002Fstatistical-entropy-boltzmann-and-gibbs":13451,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fmicrocanonical\u002Fmicrocanonical-ensemble-and-entropy":13455,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fmicrocanonical\u002Fequilibrium-conditions-temperature-pressure-chemical-potential":13460,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fmicrocanonical\u002Fideal-gas-phase-space-and-the-sackur-tetrode-entropy":13464,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fmicrocanonical\u002Ftwo-state-systems-paramagnets-and-negative-temperature":13468,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fcanonical\u002Fcanonical-ensemble-and-the-boltzmann-distribution":13472,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fcanonical\u002Fpartition-function-and-the-helmholtz-free-energy":13477,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fcanonical\u002Fenergy-fluctuations-and-ensemble-equivalence":13481,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fcanonical\u002Fthe-einstein-solid-and-harmonic-systems":13485,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fcanonical\u002Fparamagnetism-and-the-schottky-anomaly":13489,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fclassical-gas\u002Fideal-gas-partition-function-and-the-gibbs-paradox":13493,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fclassical-gas\u002Fequipartition-and-the-virial-theorem":13498,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fclassical-gas\u002Fmolecular-gases-rotation-and-vibration":13502,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fgrand-canonical\u002Fgrand-canonical-ensemble-and-the-grand-partition-function":13506,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fgrand-canonical\u002Fchemical-potential-fugacity-and-number-fluctuations":13511,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fgrand-canonical\u002Fensemble-summary-and-the-thermodynamic-web":13515,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fquantum-statistics\u002Fquantum-statistics-bose-einstein-and-fermi-dirac":13519,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fquantum-statistics\u002Fderiving-the-quantum-distributions":13524,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fquantum-statistics\u002Fthe-classical-limit-and-quantum-concentration":13528,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fquantum-statistics\u002Fideal-quantum-gases-general-framework":13532,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fbose-systems\u002Fbose-einstein-condensation-and-the-fermion-gas":13536,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fbose-systems\u002Fthe-photon-gas-and-plancks-radiation-law":13541,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fbose-systems\u002Fblackbody-thermodynamics-and-radiation-pressure":13545,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fbose-systems\u002Fphonons-and-the-debye-model":13549,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fbose-systems\u002Fbose-einstein-condensation-derived":13553,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fbose-systems\u002Fthermodynamics-of-the-bose-gas-and-superfluidity":13557,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffermi-gas\u002Fthe-ideal-fermi-gas-at-zero-temperature":13561,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffermi-gas\u002Fsommerfeld-expansion-and-electrons-in-metals":13566,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffermi-gas\u002Fwhite-dwarfs-and-the-chandrasekhar-limit":13570,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffermi-gas\u002Fneutron-stars-and-nuclear-matter":13574,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Finteractions\u002Fthe-cluster-expansion-and-virial-coefficients":13578,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Finteractions\u002Fthe-van-der-waals-gas-and-liquid-gas-coexistence":13583,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Finteractions\u002Fquantum-gases-with-interactions-and-exchange":13587,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fphase-transitions\u002Fphases-coexistence-and-classification":13591,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fphase-transitions\u002Fthe-ising-model-and-exact-solutions":13596,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fphase-transitions\u002Fmean-field-theory-and-the-weiss-model":13600,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fphase-transitions\u002Fcritical-exponents-and-landau-theory":13604,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fphase-transitions\u002Fthe-renormalization-group-idea":13608,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffluctuations\u002Fthermodynamic-fluctuations-and-response":13612,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffluctuations\u002Fbrownian-motion-and-the-langevin-equation":13617,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffluctuations\u002Flinear-response-and-the-fluctuation-dissipation-theorem":13621,"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics":13625,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmolecules-and-bonding\u002Fbonding-mechanisms":13628,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmolecules-and-bonding\u002Fmolecular-orbitals-and-h2-plus":13633,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmolecules-and-bonding\u002Fhydrogen-molecule-and-exchange":13637,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmolecules-and-bonding\u002Fvan-der-waals-forces":13641,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmolecular-spectra\u002Frotational-vibrational-spectra":13645,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmolecular-spectra\u002Fanharmonicity-and-rovibrational-structure":13650,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmolecular-spectra\u002Framan-and-electronic-bands":13654,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmolecular-spectra\u002Flasers-and-masers":13658,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fcrystal-structure\u002Fstructure-of-solids":13662,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fcrystal-structure\u002Fbravais-lattices-and-crystal-systems":13667,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fcrystal-structure\u002Freciprocal-lattice-and-brillouin-zones":13671,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fcrystal-structure\u002Fdiffraction-and-structure-factors":13675,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Flattice-dynamics\u002Fphonon-dispersion":13679,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Flattice-dynamics\u002Fphonons-quantization-and-dos":13684,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Flattice-dynamics\u002Fdebye-einstein-heat-capacity":13688,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Flattice-dynamics\u002Fanharmonicity-and-thermal-transport":13692,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Ffree-electron-fermi-gas\u002Ffree-electron-gas-and-conduction":13696,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Ffree-electron-fermi-gas\u002Fsommerfeld-model-and-heat-capacity":13701,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Ffree-electron-fermi-gas\u002Ftransport-and-the-hall-effect":13705,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Ffree-electron-fermi-gas\u002Fscreening-and-plasmons":13709,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fband-theory\u002Fblochs-theorem-and-energy-bands":13713,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fband-theory\u002Fnearly-free-electron-model":13718,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fband-theory\u002Ftight-binding-method":13722,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fband-theory\u002Ffermi-surfaces-and-semiclassical-dynamics":13726,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsemiconductors\u002Fsemiconductor-bands-and-junctions":13730,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsemiconductors\u002Fintrinsic-and-extrinsic-semiconductors":13735,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsemiconductors\u002Fcarrier-transport-and-recombination":13739,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsemiconductors\u002Fthe-pn-junction":13743,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsemiconductors\u002Ftransistors-and-optoelectronics":13747,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fdielectrics-and-ferroelectrics\u002Fdielectrics-and-polarization":13751,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fdielectrics-and-ferroelectrics\u002Fferroelectrics-and-piezoelectrics":13756,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmagnetism\u002Fdiamagnetism-and-paramagnetism":13760,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmagnetism\u002Fexchange-and-ferromagnetism":13765,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmagnetism\u002Fantiferromagnetism-and-domains":13769,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmagnetism\u002Fspin-waves-and-magnons":13773,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsuperconductivity\u002Fsuperconductivity-phenomenology":13777,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsuperconductivity\u002Flondon-theory-and-the-meissner-effect":13782,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsuperconductivity\u002Fginzburg-landau-theory":13786,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsuperconductivity\u002Fbcs-theory":13790,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsuperconductivity\u002Fjosephson-and-high-tc":13794,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fnanostructures\u002Fquantum-wells-wires-and-dots":13798,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fnanostructures\u002Finteger-quantum-hall-effect":13803,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fnanostructures\u002Ffractional-quantum-hall-and-topology":13807,"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fnanostructures\u002Fgraphene-and-dirac-materials":13811,"\u002Fcondensed-matter":13815,"\u002Flogic\u002Ffoundations\u002Flogic-as-a-mathematical-model":13818,"\u002Flogic\u002Fsentential-logic\u002Fformal-languages-and-well-formed-formulas":13822,"\u002Flogic\u002Fsentential-logic\u002Ftruth-assignments-and-tautologies":13827,"\u002Flogic\u002Fsentential-logic\u002Funique-readability-and-parsing":13831,"\u002Flogic\u002Fsentential-logic\u002Finduction-and-recursion":13835,"\u002Flogic\u002Fsentential-logic\u002Fexpressive-completeness-and-normal-forms":13839,"\u002Flogic\u002Fsentential-logic\u002Fboolean-circuits":13843,"\u002Flogic\u002Fsentential-logic\u002Fcompactness-and-effectiveness":13847,"\u002Flogic\u002Ffirst-order-languages\u002Ffirst-order-languages":13851,"\u002Flogic\u002Ffirst-order-languages\u002Fstructures-truth-and-satisfaction":13856,"\u002Flogic\u002Ffirst-order-languages\u002Fdefinability-and-elementary-equivalence":13860,"\u002Flogic\u002Ffirst-order-languages\u002Fterms-substitution-and-parsing":13864,"\u002Flogic\u002Fdeductive-calculus\u002Fa-deductive-calculus":13868,"\u002Flogic\u002Fdeductive-calculus\u002Fdeduction-theorem-and-derived-rules":13873,"\u002Flogic\u002Fdeductive-calculus\u002Fsoundness":13877,"\u002Flogic\u002Fdeductive-calculus\u002Fcompleteness-and-consistency":13881,"\u002Flogic\u002Fmodels-and-theories\u002Fcompactness-and-lowenheim-skolem":13885,"\u002Flogic\u002Fmodels-and-theories\u002Ftheories-elementary-classes-and-categoricity":13890,"\u002Flogic\u002Fmodels-and-theories\u002Finterpretations-between-theories":13894,"\u002Flogic\u002Fmodels-and-theories\u002Fnonstandard-analysis":13898,"\u002Flogic\u002Farithmetic-and-definability\u002Fdefinability-in-arithmetic":13902,"\u002Flogic\u002Farithmetic-and-definability\u002Fnatural-numbers-with-successor":13907,"\u002Flogic\u002Farithmetic-and-definability\u002Fpresburger-and-reducts":13911,"\u002Flogic\u002Farithmetic-and-definability\u002Fa-subtheory-and-representability":13915,"\u002Flogic\u002Fincompleteness\u002Farithmetization-of-syntax":13919,"\u002Flogic\u002Fincompleteness\u002Fincompleteness-and-undecidability":13924,"\u002Flogic\u002Fincompleteness\u002Fsecond-incompleteness-theorem":13928,"\u002Flogic\u002Fcomputability-and-representability\u002Frecursive-functions":13932,"\u002Flogic\u002Fcomputability-and-representability\u002Frepresenting-exponentiation":13937,"\u002Flogic\u002Fsecond-order-logic\u002Fsecond-order-languages":13941,"\u002Flogic\u002Fsecond-order-logic\u002Fskolem-functions-and-many-sorted-logic":13946,"\u002Flogic\u002Fsecond-order-logic\u002Fgeneral-structures":13950,"\u002Flogic":13954,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Fwhat-is-reinforcement-learning":13957,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Fa-brief-history-of-rl":13961,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Fmulti-armed-bandits":13965,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Fbandit-exploration-algorithms":13969,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Fmarkov-decision-processes":13973,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Fvalue-functions-and-optimality":13977,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fdynamic-programming":13981,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fdp-async-and-gpi":13985,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fmonte-carlo-methods":13989,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fmonte-carlo-off-policy":13993,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Ftemporal-difference-learning":13997,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Ftd-control-sarsa-and-q-learning":14001,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fn-step-bootstrapping":14005,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fn-step-off-policy-methods":14009,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fplanning-and-learning":14013,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fplanning-focusing-and-decision-time":14017,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fdecision-time-planning":14021,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fmonte-carlo-tree-search":14025,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Fon-policy-prediction":14029,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Ffeature-construction-and-nonlinear":14034,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Fon-policy-control":14038,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Faverage-reward-control":14042,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Foff-policy-and-the-deadly-triad":14046,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Fbellman-error-and-gradient-td":14050,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Feligibility-traces":14054,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Ftrue-online-and-sarsa-lambda":14058,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Fpolicy-gradient-methods":14062,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Factor-critic-and-continuous-actions":14066,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Fleast-squares-and-memory-based-methods":14070,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Fmemory-and-kernel-methods":14074,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Foff-policy-eligibility-traces":14078,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Fstable-off-policy-traces":14082,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-rl\u002Fdeep-q-networks":14086,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-rl\u002Fdqn-improvements":14090,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-rl\u002Factor-critic-and-ppo":14094,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-rl\u002Fppo-and-continuous-control":14098,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-rl\u002Fcase-studies":14102,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-rl\u002Frl-beyond-games":14106,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-rl\u002Ffrontiers":14110,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-rl\u002Freward-design-and-open-problems":14114,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fdistributional-and-rainbow":14118,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fdistributional-and-rainbow-part-2":14123,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fcontinuous-control":14127,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fcontinuous-control-part-2":14131,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fmodel-based-rl":14135,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fmodel-based-rl-part-2":14139,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fexploration":14143,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fexploration-part-2":14147,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Foffline-rl":14151,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Foffline-rl-part-2":14155,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fimitation-and-inverse-rl":14159,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fimitation-and-inverse-rl-part-2":14163,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fmulti-agent-rl":14167,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fmulti-agent-rl-part-2":14171,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fhierarchical-rl":14175,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fhierarchical-rl-part-2":14179,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Frlhf-and-language-models":14183,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fpartial-observability-pomdps":14187,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fpartial-observability-pomdps-part-2":14191,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fsafe-and-constrained-rl":14195,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fsafe-and-constrained-rl-part-2":14199,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fmeta-rl-and-generalization":14203,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fminds-and-brains\u002Fpsychology-of-reinforcement":14207,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fminds-and-brains\u002Finstrumental-conditioning-and-control":14212,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fminds-and-brains\u002Fdopamine-and-td-error":14216,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fminds-and-brains\u002Fdopamine-in-the-brain":14220,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fminds-and-brains\u002Fanimal-learning-and-cognition":14224,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fminds-and-brains\u002Fcognitive-maps-and-planning":14228,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fminds-and-brains\u002Fneuroscience-of-reinforcement":14232,"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fminds-and-brains\u002Fseveral-learning-systems":14236,"\u002Freinforcement-learning":14240,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffoundations\u002Fwhat-is-ai":14242,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffoundations\u002Ffoundations-of-ai":14246,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffoundations\u002Fintelligent-agents":14250,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffoundations\u002Fagent-architectures":14254,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Funinformed-search":14258,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fsearch-strategies-compared":14263,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Finformed-search":14267,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fheuristic-functions":14271,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Flocal-search":14275,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fpopulation-and-continuous-search":14279,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fadversarial-search":14283,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fgames-of-chance-and-imperfect-information":14287,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fconstraint-satisfaction":14291,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fcsp-search-and-structure":14295,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fsearch-under-uncertainty":14299,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fbelief-state-and-online-search":14303,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Fpropositional-logic":14307,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Fpropositional-inference":14312,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Ffirst-order-logic":14316,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Ffirst-order-logic-in-use":14320,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Finference-and-resolution":14324,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Ffirst-order-resolution":14328,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Fclassical-planning":14332,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Fplanning-graphs-and-graphplan":14336,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Fplanning-in-the-real-world":14340,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Fplanning-under-uncertainty":14344,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Fknowledge-representation":14348,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Freasoning-systems-and-defaults":14352,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Fprobability-and-bayes":14356,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Fbayes-rule-and-naive-bayes":14361,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Fbayesian-networks":14365,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Finference-in-bayesian-networks":14369,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Freasoning-over-time":14373,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Ftracking-and-data-association":14377,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Fmaking-decisions":14381,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Fmarkov-decision-processes":14385,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Fdecision-networks-and-game-theory":14388,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Fgame-theory-and-mechanism-design":14392,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flearning\u002Flearning-from-examples":14396,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flearning\u002Ftheory-and-model-families":14401,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flearning\u002Fprobabilistic-learning":14405,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flearning\u002Fexpectation-maximization":14409,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flearning\u002Freinforcement-learning":14413,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flearning\u002Fgeneralization-and-policy-search":14416,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flearning\u002Fknowledge-in-learning":14420,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flearning\u002Fknowledge-based-learning-methods":14424,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffrontiers\u002Fvision-and-perception":14428,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffrontiers\u002Freconstructing-the-3d-world":14433,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffrontiers\u002Frobotics":14437,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffrontiers\u002Frobot-planning-and-control":14441,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffrontiers\u002Fnatural-language-in-ai":14445,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffrontiers\u002Fnlp-grammar-translation-and-speech":14449,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffrontiers\u002Fphilosophy-and-future":14453,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffrontiers\u002Fai-ethics-and-future":14457,"\u002Fartificial-intelligence":14461,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-properties\u002Fnuclear-constituents-nuclide-chart":14464,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-properties\u002Fnuclear-size-charge-distributions":14469,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-properties\u002Fnuclear-masses-binding-energy":14473,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-properties\u002Fsemi-empirical-mass-formula":14477,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-properties\u002Fnuclear-moments-multipoles":14481,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-force-deuteron\u002Fnuclear-force-shell-overview":14485,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-force-deuteron\u002Fthe-deuteron":14490,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-force-deuteron\u002Fnucleon-nucleon-scattering":14494,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-force-deuteron\u002Fmeson-theory-isospin":14498,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-models\u002Ffermi-gas-model":14502,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-models\u002Fliquid-drop-collective-coordinates":14507,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-models\u002Fshell-model-single-particle":14511,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-models\u002Fcollective-model-rotations-vibrations":14515,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fradioactive-decay\u002Fdecay-law-modes":14519,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fradioactive-decay\u002Fdecay-kinetics-equilibrium":14524,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Falpha-decay\u002Falpha-decay-gamow-theory":14528,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Falpha-decay\u002Falpha-fine-structure-hindrance":14533,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fbeta-decay\u002Fbeta-decay-energetics-neutrino":14537,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fbeta-decay\u002Ffermi-theory-beta-decay":14542,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fbeta-decay\u002Fweak-interaction-parity-violation":14546,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fbeta-decay\u002Fdouble-beta-decay-neutrino-mass":14550,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fgamma-decay\u002Fgamma-multipole-radiation":14554,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fgamma-decay\u002Finternal-conversion-isomers":14559,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fgamma-decay\u002Fangular-correlations-mossbauer":14563,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-reactions\u002Freaction-kinematics-cross-sections":14567,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-reactions\u002Fcompound-nucleus-resonances":14572,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-reactions\u002Fdirect-reactions-optical-model":14576,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Ffission\u002Ffission-barrier-dynamics":14580,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Ffission\u002Fchain-reactions-reactor-physics":14585,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Ffusion-nucleosynthesis\u002Ffusion-reactions-confinement":14589,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Ffusion-nucleosynthesis\u002Fstellar-nucleosynthesis":14594,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Ffusion-nucleosynthesis\u002Fbig-bang-nucleosynthesis":14598,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fradiation-matter-applications\u002Fcharged-particle-stopping-power":14602,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fradiation-matter-applications\u002Fphoton-neutron-interactions":14607,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fradiation-matter-applications\u002Fradiation-detectors":14611,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fradiation-matter-applications\u002Fdosimetry-radiation-biology":14615,"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fradiation-matter-applications\u002Fnuclear-applications-dating-medicine":14619,"\u002Fnuclear-physics":14623,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ffoundations\u002Fwhat-is-nlp":14626,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ffoundations\u002Fregex-and-text-normalization":14630,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ffoundations\u002Fminimum-edit-distance":14634,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ffoundations\u002Fn-gram-language-models":14638,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ffoundations\u002Fsmoothing-and-backoff":14642,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fclassification\u002Fnaive-bayes-and-sentiment":14646,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fclassification\u002Fevaluating-classifiers":14649,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fclassification\u002Flogistic-regression":14653,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fclassification\u002Fsentiment-and-affect-lexicons":14656,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fsemantics\u002Fvector-semantics-and-embeddings":14657,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fsemantics\u002Fstatic-word-embeddings":14661,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fsemantics\u002Fneural-language-models":14665,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fsequences\u002Fsequence-labeling":14669,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fsequences\u002Fcrfs-and-neural-taggers":14673,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fsequences\u002Frnns-and-lstms":14677,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ftransformers\u002Ftransformers-and-attention":14681,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ftransformers\u002Fthe-transformer-architecture":14684,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ftransformers\u002Flarge-language-models":14687,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ftransformers\u002Fllm-pretraining-and-scaling":14690,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ftransformers\u002Ffine-tuning-and-prompting":14694,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ftransformers\u002Fprompting-and-alignment":14698,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fconstituency-parsing":14702,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fcky-scoring-and-evaluation":14707,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fdependency-parsing":14711,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fgraph-based-and-neural-dependency-parsing":14715,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fword-senses-and-wsd":14719,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fwsd-in-practice-and-induction":14723,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fsemantic-roles-and-information-extraction":14727,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Frelations-events-and-templates":14731,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fcoreference-and-discourse":14735,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fcoherence-and-discourse-structure":14739,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Flogical-semantics":14743,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fcompositional-semantics-and-description-logics":14747,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fsemantic-parsing":14751,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fneural-semantic-parsing":14755,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Finformation-extraction":14759,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Ftimes-events-and-templates":14763,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fdiscourse-coherence":14767,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fentity-based-and-global-coherence":14771,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fconstituency-grammars":14775,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Ftreebanks-and-lexicalized-grammars":14779,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fapplications\u002Fmachine-translation":14783,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fapplications\u002Fmachine-translation-decoding-and-evaluation":14787,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fapplications\u002Fquestion-answering":14791,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fapplications\u002Fquestion-answering-knowledge-and-llms":14795,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fapplications\u002Fdialogue-and-chatbots":14799,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fapplications\u002Fdialogue-systems-and-assistants":14803,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fapplications\u002Ftext-summarization":14807,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fapplications\u002Fabstractive-summarization-and-evaluation":14811,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fspeech\u002Fphonetics":14815,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fspeech\u002Facoustic-phonetics":14820,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fspeech\u002Fautomatic-speech-recognition":14824,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fspeech\u002Fasr-evaluation-and-applications":14828,"\u002Fnatural-language-processing":14832,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Ffoundations\u002Fhistorical-overview-particle-zoo":14835,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Ffoundations\u002Fparticle-physics-basic-concepts":14839,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Ffoundations\u002Ffundamental-interactions-force-carriers":14843,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Funits-kinematics\u002Fnatural-units-and-scales":14847,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Funits-kinematics\u002Ffour-vectors-invariant-mass":14852,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Funits-kinematics\u002Fdecay-scattering-kinematics-mandelstam":14856,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Funits-kinematics\u002Fcross-sections-golden-rule":14860,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fsymmetries\u002Fconservation-laws-symmetries":14864,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fsymmetries\u002Fdiscrete-symmetries-cpt":14869,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fsymmetries\u002Fparity-violation-weak":14873,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fsymmetries\u002Fsu2-su3-flavor-symmetry":14877,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fquark-model\u002Feightfold-way-su3":14881,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fquark-model\u002Fmeson-spectroscopy":14886,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fquark-model\u002Fbaryon-spectroscopy":14890,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fquark-model\u002Fcolor-confinement-exotics":14894,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Frelativistic-wave-equations\u002Fklein-gordon-equation":14898,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Frelativistic-wave-equations\u002Fdirac-equation-spinors":14903,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Frelativistic-wave-equations\u002Fantiparticles-hole-theory":14907,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fqed\u002Ffeynman-rules-qed":14911,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fqed\u002Fqed-tree-processes":14916,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fqed\u002Frenormalization-running-coupling":14920,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fqed\u002Felectron-g-2":14924,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fweak-interaction\u002Fva-structure-weak":14928,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fweak-interaction\u002Fw-z-bosons-decays":14933,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fweak-interaction\u002Fckm-matrix":14937,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fweak-interaction\u002Fcp-violation-kaons-b-mesons":14941,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fqcd\u002Fcolor-su3-gluons":14945,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fqcd\u002Fasymptotic-freedom-confinement":14950,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fqcd\u002Fdeep-inelastic-scattering-partons":14954,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fqcd\u002Fjets-hadronization":14958,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Felectroweak-higgs\u002Felectroweak-su2-u1":14962,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Felectroweak-higgs\u002Fspontaneous-symmetry-breaking":14967,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Felectroweak-higgs\u002Fhiggs-mechanism":14971,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Felectroweak-higgs\u002Fhiggs-boson-discovery":14975,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Felectroweak-higgs\u002Fstandard-model":14979,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fneutrinos\u002Fneutrino-oscillations":14983,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fneutrinos\u002Fneutrino-mass-pmns":14988,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fneutrinos\u002Fdirac-majorana-experiments":14992,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fexperiment\u002Faccelerators-luminosity":14996,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fexperiment\u002Fdetectors-subsystems":15001,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fexperiment\u002Fhow-discoveries-are-made":15005,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fbeyond-standard-model\u002Fbeyond-standard-model":15009,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fbeyond-standard-model\u002Fgrand-unified-theories":15013,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fbeyond-standard-model\u002Fsupersymmetry":15017,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fbeyond-standard-model\u002Fhierarchy-problem-naturalness":15021,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fbeyond-standard-model\u002Fdark-matter-candidates":15025,"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fbeyond-standard-model\u002Fmatter-antimatter-open-questions":15029,"\u002Fparticle-physics":15033,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Forientation\u002Fthe-sun-and-stars":15036,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Forientation\u002Fstellar-death-final-states":15041,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Forientation\u002Fgalaxies-and-cosmology":15045,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fobservational-foundations\u002Fmagnitudes-fluxes-and-the-distance-modulus":15049,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fobservational-foundations\u002Fstellar-spectra-and-spectral-classification":15054,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fobservational-foundations\u002Ftelescopes-and-detectors-across-the-spectrum":15058,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fobservational-foundations\u002Fthe-cosmic-distance-ladder":15062,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fradiation-and-matter\u002Fblackbody-radiation-and-specific-intensity":15066,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fradiation-and-matter\u002Fradiative-transfer-and-the-transfer-equation":15071,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fradiation-and-matter\u002Fspectral-line-formation-and-broadening":15075,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fradiation-and-matter\u002Fopacity-and-the-rosseland-mean":15079,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-structure\u002Fhydrostatic-equilibrium-and-the-virial-theorem":15083,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-structure\u002Fthe-equations-of-stellar-structure":15088,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-structure\u002Fthe-equation-of-state-and-polytropes":15092,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-structure\u002Fthe-standard-solar-model":15096,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fnuclear-astrophysics\u002Fthermonuclear-reaction-rates-and-the-gamow-peak":15100,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fnuclear-astrophysics\u002Fhydrogen-burning-pp-chains-and-cno":15105,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fnuclear-astrophysics\u002Fhelium-burning-and-the-triple-alpha-process":15109,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fnuclear-astrophysics\u002Fadvanced-burning-and-neutron-capture-nucleosynthesis":15113,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fism-and-star-formation\u002Fphases-of-the-interstellar-medium":15117,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fism-and-star-formation\u002Fmolecular-clouds-and-gravitational-collapse":15122,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fism-and-star-formation\u002Fprotostars-and-the-pre-main-sequence":15126,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-evolution\u002Fthe-main-sequence-and-its-structure":15130,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-evolution\u002Fpost-main-sequence-low-mass-evolution":15135,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-evolution\u002Fthe-evolution-of-massive-stars":15139,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-evolution\u002Fstellar-pulsation-and-the-instability-strip":15143,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-death-and-compact-remnants\u002Fwhite-dwarfs-and-the-chandrasekhar-limit":15147,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-death-and-compact-remnants\u002Fcore-collapse-supernovae":15151,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-death-and-compact-remnants\u002Fthermonuclear-supernovae-type-ia":15155,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-death-and-compact-remnants\u002Fneutron-stars-and-pulsars":15159,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-death-and-compact-remnants\u002Fblack-holes-schwarzschild-and-kerr":15163,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fbinaries-and-gravitational-waves\u002Fbinary-systems-and-mass-transfer":15167,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fbinaries-and-gravitational-waves\u002Faccreting-compact-objects":15172,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fbinaries-and-gravitational-waves\u002Fgravitational-waves-from-inspiraling-binaries":15176,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fbinaries-and-gravitational-waves\u002Fmultimessenger-astronomy-and-gamma-ray-bursts":15180,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fgalaxies\u002Fthe-milky-way":15184,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fgalaxies\u002Fgalaxy-morphology-and-classification":15189,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fgalaxies\u002Fgalaxy-rotation-curves-and-dark-matter":15193,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fgalaxies\u002Factive-galactic-nuclei-and-supermassive-black-holes":15197,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fgalaxies\u002Fgalaxy-clusters-and-large-scale-structure":15201,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fcosmology-expansion-and-dynamics\u002Fthe-expanding-universe-and-hubbles-law":15205,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fcosmology-expansion-and-dynamics\u002Fthe-frw-metric-and-cosmological-redshift":15210,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fcosmology-expansion-and-dynamics\u002Fthe-friedmann-equations-and-cosmic-dynamics":15214,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fcosmology-expansion-and-dynamics\u002Fcosmological-models-and-distances":15217,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fcosmology-expansion-and-dynamics\u002Fdark-energy-and-the-accelerating-universe":15221,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fthe-hot-big-bang\u002Fthe-thermal-history-of-the-universe":15225,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fthe-hot-big-bang\u002Fbig-bang-nucleosynthesis":15230,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fthe-hot-big-bang\u002Frecombination-and-the-cosmic-microwave-background":15234,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fthe-hot-big-bang\u002Fcmb-anisotropies-and-cosmological-parameters":15238,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fthe-hot-big-bang\u002Fcosmic-inflation":15242,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fthe-hot-big-bang\u002Fstructure-formation-and-the-growth-of-perturbations":15246,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fthe-hot-big-bang\u002Fdark-matter-dark-energy-and-open-questions":15250,"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology":15254,"\u002Fcolophon":15257,"\u002F":15260},{"path":10581,"title":10582,"module":10583,"summary":10584},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Ffoundations\u002Fwhat-is-an-algorithm","What Is an Algorithm?","Foundations","An algorithm is a finite, mechanical recipe that transforms inputs into outputs. We define what counts as an algorithm, how we write one down, and the three things we always ask of it: is it correct, is it fast, and can we prove it.\n",{"path":10586,"title":10587,"module":10583,"summary":10588},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Ffoundations\u002Fproof-techniques","Proof Techniques","An algorithm without a proof is a conjecture. This lesson collects the handful\nof arguments that certify the algorithms in this course — direct proof,\ncontrapositive, contradiction, ordinary and strong induction, construction, and\ndisproof by counterexample — each with a small worked\nexample and a picture. Loop invariants are a form of induction,\nrecursive correctness falls to strong induction, and the classic broken proofs\n(all horses are the same color) show where inductions go wrong.\n",{"path":10590,"title":10591,"module":10583,"summary":10592},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Ffoundations\u002Fasymptotic-analysis","Asymptotic Analysis","We measure an algorithm's running time as a function of its input size, then strip away machine-specific constants and lower-order terms to compare algorithms cleanly. This lesson defines the RAM model and the $O$, $\\Omega$, $\\Theta$, $o$, and $\\omega$ notations, proves the polynomial theorem, and shows how to rank growth rates with the limit test, L'Hôpital, base substitution, and the logarithm identities the arguments lean on.\n",{"path":10594,"title":10595,"module":10583,"summary":10596},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Ffoundations\u002Fgrowth-rates-and-loop-analysis","Growth Rates and Loop Analysis","With the asymptotic notations in hand, we rank the functions that actually arise in running times — from constant to factorial — proving the orderings between rungs, then read the running time of a loop nest straight off the page. Sequential blocks add, nested loops multiply, index scaling gives logarithms; a worked trace and a tour of cache-aware and galactic algorithms close the lesson.\n",{"path":10598,"title":10599,"module":10583,"summary":10600},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Ffoundations\u002Frecurrences","Recurrences and the Master Theorem","Recursive and divide-and-conquer algorithms describe their own running time with a recurrence: $T(n)$ in terms of $T$ on smaller inputs. We solve recurrences three ways — drawing the recursion tree, guessing-and-verifying by induction, and applying the Master Theorem — using merge sort as the running example, then handle unequal splits with Akra–Bazzi.\n",{"path":10602,"title":10603,"module":10583,"summary":10604},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Ffoundations\u002Famortized-analysis","Amortized Analysis","Some operations are occasionally expensive but cheap on average across any\nsequence. Amortized analysis bounds the average cost per operation over a\nworst-case sequence — not an expectation — so a rare costly step is paid for by\nthe many cheap ones around it. This lesson develops the aggregate, accounting,\nand potential methods on dynamic-array doubling, the binary counter, and a\nstack with multipop.\n",{"path":10606,"title":10607,"module":10608,"summary":10609},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdivide-and-conquer\u002Fmergesort","Divide and Conquer & Mergesort","Divide & Conquer","Divide and conquer breaks a problem into smaller copies of itself, solves\nthem recursively, and stitches the answers together. We meet the paradigm\nthrough mergesort — its merge step, its loop-invariant proof, and the\nrecursion tree that pins its cost at $\\Theta(n\\log n)$ — then count inversions\nwith the same machinery and distill the whole pattern into the master theorem.\n",{"path":10611,"title":10612,"module":10608,"summary":10613},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdivide-and-conquer\u002Fquicksort","Quicksort","Quicksort sorts in place by partitioning around a pivot and recursing on\neach side. We give Lomuto and Hoare partitioning with a correctness\ninvariant, see why a bad pivot costs $\\Theta(n^2)$ while a balanced one gives\n$\\Theta(n\\log n)$, and prove that randomizing the pivot makes the expected\ncost $\\Theta(n\\log n)$ on every input.\n",{"path":10615,"title":10616,"module":10608,"summary":10617},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdivide-and-conquer\u002Fselection","Linear-Time Selection","Finding the $k$-th smallest element looks like it should require sorting, but\nit does not. Quickselect adapts quicksort's partition to recurse on just one\nside, achieving expected $O(n)$. The median-of-medians algorithm guarantees a\ngood pivot with the groups-of-five trick, pushing the worst case down to a\nprovable $O(n)$.\n",{"path":10619,"title":10620,"module":10608,"summary":10621},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdivide-and-conquer\u002Ffast-multiplication","Fast Multiplication","Grade-school multiplication is $\\Theta(n^2)$, yet divide and conquer beats it.\nKaratsuba multiplies $n$-bit integers with three half-size products instead of\nfour, giving $\\Theta(n^{\\log_2 3})$, and Strassen multiplies matrices with\nseven block products instead of eight, giving $\\Theta(n^{\\log_2 7})$. Both\nspend cheap additions to save an expensive multiplication, and the master\ntheorem quantifies the savings.\n",{"path":10623,"title":10624,"module":10625,"summary":10626},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsorting\u002Fheaps-and-heapsort","Heaps and Heapsort","Sorting & Order Statistics","A binary heap is a tree we store flat in an array, with index arithmetic\nstanding in for pointers. We build the max-heap property bottom-up in $O(n)$\ntime, sort in place in $\\Theta(n\\log n)$ by repeatedly extracting the maximum,\nand reuse the same structure to implement a priority queue.\n",{"path":10628,"title":10629,"module":10625,"summary":10630},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsorting\u002Fsorting-lower-bounds","Lower Bounds for Comparison Sorting","Every sort we have seen runs in $\\Omega(n\\log n)$, and that is no accident.\nModeling a sort as a decision tree of comparisons, we show any such tree must\nhave $n!$ leaves, forcing height $\\ge \\log_2(n!) = \\Omega(n\\log n)$ — a bound\nno comparison sort beats in the worst case, on average, or with randomness.\n",{"path":10632,"title":10633,"module":10625,"summary":10634},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsorting\u002Flinear-time-sorting","Sorting in Linear Time","The $\\Omega(n\\log n)$ barrier only binds algorithms that compare. By instead\nusing keys as array indices we slip past it: counting sort runs in\n$\\Theta(n+k)$ and is stable, radix sort layers it digit by digit, and bucket\nsort averages $\\Theta(n)$ on uniform data. We see exactly when each applies.\n",{"path":10636,"title":10637,"module":10625,"summary":10638},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsorting\u002Fexternal-sorting","External Sorting","When the data dwarfs main memory, the cost that matters is no longer\ncomparisons but block transfers to and from disk. External merge sort sorts\nmemory-sized runs, then folds them together with a heap-driven $k$-way merge in\n$\\Theta(\\log_k(N\u002FM))$ passes. Larger fan-out cuts passes; replacement selection\nbuilds longer runs to cut them further.\n",{"path":10640,"title":10641,"module":10642,"summary":10643},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Felementary-structures","Elementary Data Structures","Data Structures","Every container is built one of two ways: **contiguous** in an array, or\n**linked** through pointers. We trade cache-friendly random access against\n$O(1)$ splicing, derive the **amortized $O(1)$** append of a doubling dynamic\narray, and assemble the two ordered access disciplines — the LIFO **stack** and\nthe FIFO **queue** (with its generalization, the **deque**) — on top of both.\n",{"path":10645,"title":10646,"module":10642,"summary":10647},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Fhash-tables","Hash Tables","A hash table implements the dictionary — insert, search, delete — in expected\n$O(1)$ time by scattering keys across an array with a hash function. We build\nup from direct addressing, handle collisions by chaining and by open\naddressing, analyze the load factor $\\alpha$, and see how universal hashing\nachieves its expected-time guarantee against every input.\n",{"path":10649,"title":10650,"module":10642,"summary":10651},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Fbinary-search-trees","Binary Search Trees","A binary search tree keeps keys ordered so that every operation follows a\nsingle root-to-leaf path. We state the BST property, trace search, insert,\nsuccessor, and all three delete cases on concrete trees, prove the inorder\nwalk sorts, and note the drawback — every operation costs $O(h)$, and a\ncarelessly built tree degrades to height $h = \\Theta(n)$, motivating balance.\n",{"path":10653,"title":10654,"module":10642,"summary":10655},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Favl-trees","AVL Trees","An AVL tree is the first balanced BST: at every node the two subtrees' heights\ndiffer by at most $1$. A Fibonacci-style minimal-node argument forces height\n$h \\le 1.44\\log_2 n = O(\\log n)$, so search, insert, and delete are all\n$O(\\log n)$. Insertion rebalances with at most one of four rotation cases\n(LL, RR, LR, RL); deletion may rotate all the way to the root.\n",{"path":10657,"title":10658,"module":10642,"summary":10659},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Fbalanced-trees","Balanced Search Trees","An ordinary BST can degrade to height $\\Theta(n)$; balanced search trees\nguarantee $h = O(\\log n)$ by maintaining invariants and repairing them after\nevery update. We meet rotations, the local restructuring primitive, then\nred-black trees, whose color invariants force logarithmic height, and finally\nB-trees, which trade tall-and-thin for short-and-wide to win on disk.\n",{"path":10661,"title":10662,"module":10642,"summary":10663},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Funion-find","Disjoint Sets (Union-Find)","The disjoint-set data structure tracks a partition of elements into groups,\nanswering \"are these two in the same group?\" and merging groups on demand. A\nforest of parent pointers, sped up by union by rank and path compression,\ndrives every operation to near-constant $O(\\alpha(n))$ amortized time — the\nstructure behind connectivity queries and Kruskal's minimum spanning tree.\n",{"path":10665,"title":10666,"module":10642,"summary":10667},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Ffenwick-and-segment-trees","Fenwick & Segment Trees","A prefix-sum array answers a range sum in $O(1)$ but pays $O(n)$ per update;\na plain array updates in $O(1)$ but pays $O(n)$ per range sum. Fenwick and\nsegment trees give us _both_ in $O(\\log n)$. The Fenwick (binary indexed) tree\nis a tiny array keyed by the low bit; the segment tree is a general balanced\ntree over canonical ranges that handles any associative aggregate and, with\nlazy propagation, range updates too.\n",{"path":10669,"title":10670,"module":10642,"summary":10671},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Fspatial-data-structures","Spatial Data Structures","A balanced BST orders keys on a line, but points in the plane have no single\nnatural order. Quadtrees subdivide space recursively into quadrants; k-d trees\nsplit on alternating coordinates at the median. Both make range and\nnearest-neighbour queries fast by carving the plane into boxes a query can\nprune away. Range trees nest a y-tree in an x-tree for fast orthogonal range\nreporting; interval trees index intervals to answer stabbing queries.\n",{"path":10673,"title":10674,"module":10642,"summary":10675},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Fskip-lists-and-probabilistic-structures","Skip Lists & Probabilistic Structures","Balanced trees achieve $O(\\log n)$ with rotations and invariants; randomization\ngives the same bound far more simply. A skip list is a layered linked list whose\nexpress lanes are chosen by coin flips, giving expected $O(\\log n)$ search and\ninsert with no rebalancing. A Bloom filter trades exactness for space: a bit\narray and a few hashes answer set membership with no false negatives and a\ntunable false-positive rate, but cannot delete.\n",{"path":10677,"title":10678,"module":10642,"summary":10679},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Fb-trees","B-Trees","When data lives on disk, the cost that dominates is block transfers, not\ncomparisons — and a binary tree of a billion keys is thirty reads deep. A\nB-tree of minimum degree $t$ is short and wide: $t-1$ to $2t-1$ keys per node,\nall leaves at one depth, height $O(\\log_t n)$. Insertion splits a full node on\nthe way down and pushes its median up; deletion borrows or merges to keep nodes\nfull enough. High fan-out is what minimizes disk I\u002FO.\n",{"path":10681,"title":10682,"module":10642,"summary":10683},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Fdata-stream-algorithms","Data-Stream Algorithms","Most of this course assumes data sits in fast memory, addressable at will.\nExternal sorting relaxed that to a re-readable disk. The streaming model goes\nfurther: items arrive one at a time, are seen once, and must be discarded, with\nonly sublinear, often polylogarithmic, memory. In exchange, the answers are\napproximate and probabilistic. We set up the model, then meet reservoir\nsampling for a uniform sample of an unknown-length stream and Morris counting\nfor an approximate tally in doubly-logarithmic space.\n",{"path":10685,"title":10686,"module":10642,"summary":10687},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdata-structures\u002Fstreaming-sketches","Streaming Sketches","Sampling and counting kept a random subset or a single approximate tally.\nSketches go further: fixed, tiny summaries that answer questions about a\nstream's frequencies. We meet the Count–Min sketch for point frequency\nestimation, Misra–Gries for heavy hitters, and HyperLogLog for distinct\ncounts, each trading a controlled error for space that never grows with the\nstream.\n",{"path":10689,"title":10690,"module":10691,"summary":10692},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsequences\u002Ftwo-pointers-and-windows","Two Pointers & Sliding Windows","Sequences & Strings","A family of array idioms that collapse an obvious $O(n^2)$ scan into a single\n$O(n)$ pass by maintaining an invariant as indices move. We meet two pointers\n(converging on a sorted array, and a fast\u002Fslow pair for in-place rewriting)\nand the sliding window (fixed and variable size, amortized $O(n)$). The\ncompanion lesson on prefix sums picks up where the window's positivity\nassumption fails.\n",{"path":10694,"title":10695,"module":10691,"summary":10696},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsequences\u002Fprefix-sums","Prefix Sums & Difference Arrays","Prefix sums precompute the running total once so that any range-sum query is a\nsingle subtraction, $P[r{+}1]-P[l]$, in $O(1)$. A hash map of prefix\nfrequencies then counts subarrays summing to $k$ in $O(n)$ — even with negative\nentries, where the sliding window fails. The difference-array dual turns $m$\nrange-adds into $O(m+n)$, and the whole idea lifts to 2-D rectangle sums by\ninclusion–exclusion.\n",{"path":10698,"title":10699,"module":10691,"summary":10700},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsequences\u002Fmonotonic-stacks","Monotonic Stacks & Queues","A **monotonic stack** keeps its contents sorted by popping every element that\nwould break the order before each push — turning a family of \"previous\u002Fnext\ngreater (or smaller) element\" questions into a single $O(n)$ scan. We trace\nthe next-greater-element routine push by push and prove its amortized bound,\nfuse two such scans to measure the **largest rectangle in a histogram** in\nlinear time, extend the idea to a **monotonic deque** that streams the\n**sliding-window maximum** in $O(n)$, and use asymmetric tie-breaking to\ncount **subarray minimums** without double-counting duplicates.\n",{"path":10702,"title":10703,"module":10691,"summary":10704},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsequences\u002Fbinary-search-on-the-answer","Binary Search on the Answer","Binary search locates the boundary of a **monotone predicate** $p(x)$ in\n$O(\\log(\\text{range}))$ probes; sorted arrays are only one instance. We first\nestablish the half-open `while (lo \u003C hi)` template for $\\textsc{lower\\_bound}$\nand $\\textsc{upper\\_bound}$, then generalize to \"binary search on the answer\":\nwhenever feasibility is monotone in a numeric parameter, we binary search the\nparameter itself, calling a feasibility check at each step.\n",{"path":10706,"title":10707,"module":10691,"summary":10708},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsequences\u002Fstring-matching","String Matching: Naive & Rabin–Karp","Given a text $T$ of length $n$ and a pattern $P$ of length $m$, find every\noccurrence of $P$ in $T$. The naive scan costs $O(nm)$ and re-reads text it has\nalready seen. Rabin–Karp fixes the first inefficiency with a **rolling hash**:\neach length-$m$ window is summarized by one number, updated in $O(1)$ per slide,\nverified on a hash match to kill collisions, for expected $O(n+m)$. A companion\nlesson removes the re-reading entirely with KMP and the Z-function.\n",{"path":10710,"title":10711,"module":10691,"summary":10712},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsequences\u002Fkmp-and-z-function","String Matching: KMP & the Z-Function","Two linear-time matchers that beat Rabin–Karp's expected bound with a\nworst-case guarantee and no randomness. KMP precomputes a **failure function**\n$\\pi$ so a mismatch slides the pattern by $q-\\pi[q-1]$ and the text pointer\nnever backs up, for $O(n+m)$. The **Z-function** computes the longest\nprefix-match at every position via the Z-box, giving the same bound from a\ndifferent angle; the two encodings of a string's self-overlap convert freely.\n",{"path":10714,"title":10715,"module":10691,"summary":10716},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsequences\u002Ftries","Tries & Prefix Trees","A **trie** stores a set of strings in a tree keyed by _characters_, so that\ninsert, search, delete, and prefix-test all run in $O(L)$ time — the length\nof the key, _independent of how many keys are stored_. Shared prefixes are\nstored once, which makes tries the natural structure for autocomplete,\nwildcard dictionaries, board word-search, and — over the alphabet $\\{0,1\\}$\n— the maximum-XOR-pair problem. Radix (Patricia) trees compress the chains.\n",{"path":10718,"title":10719,"module":10691,"summary":10720},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fsequences\u002Fsuffix-arrays-and-aho-corasick","Suffix Arrays, LCP & Aho–Corasick","A **suffix array** sorts all $n$ suffixes of a string, indexing every substring\nat once; built in $O(n\\log n)$, it locates a pattern by binary search in\n$O(m\\log n)$. Its companion **LCP array** (Kasai's $O(n)$ algorithm) counts\ndistinct substrings and finds the longest repeated substring. **Aho–Corasick**\ngeneralises KMP to a whole dictionary: a trie of patterns plus failure links\nscans the text once in $O(\\text{text} + \\text{matches})$ to report every\noccurrence of every pattern. Manacher's algorithm finds all palindromic\nsubstrings in $O(n)$.\n",{"path":10722,"title":10723,"module":10724,"summary":10725},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Frepresentations-and-traversal","Graph Representations and Traversal","Graphs","A graph captures _relationships_ — who connects to whom. We fix the\nvocabulary, weigh the two standard representations (adjacency list versus\nmatrix), then meet the single search skeleton behind everything that follows:\nWhatever-First-Search, and its breadth-first reading, which finds shortest\npaths by number of edges in $O(V + E)$.\n",{"path":10727,"title":10728,"module":10724,"summary":10729},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fdepth-first-search","Depth-First Search","Swap BFS's queue for a stack and the search plunges instead of fanning out.\nDepth-first search stamps every vertex with discovery and finish times that\nnest like parentheses, classifies each edge as tree, back, forward, or cross,\nand — through the back edge — decides in one pass whether a graph has a cycle.\nThese timestamps underpin topological sort, strong\nconnectivity, and the rest of this module.\n",{"path":10731,"title":10732,"module":10724,"summary":10733},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Ftopological-sort-and-scc","Topological Sort and Strong Connectivity","Directed acyclic graphs model dependencies: tasks that must precede other\ntasks. A _topological order_ lays such a graph out in a line so every edge\npoints forward, and depth-first finish times yield one almost for free.\nWe then ask the harder question for graphs _with_ cycles: which vertices can\nreach each other? The answer is the strongly connected components, found by a\ntwo-pass DFS.\n",{"path":10735,"title":10736,"module":10724,"summary":10737},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fminimum-spanning-trees","Minimum Spanning Trees","Given a weighted network, how do we connect everything as cheaply as possible?\nThe answer is a minimum spanning tree, and one lemma — the cut property —\njustifies _every_ correct MST algorithm. We prove the cut and cycle\nproperties by exchange arguments, use them to settle uniqueness, and meet the\noldest MST algorithm, Borůvka's, whose parallel component-merging rounds fall\nstraight out of the cut rule.\n",{"path":10739,"title":10740,"module":10724,"summary":10741},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fkruskal-and-prim","Kruskal and Prim","The two minimum-spanning-tree algorithms you will actually implement.\nKruskal grows a forest edge by edge, cheapest first, using a union-find\nstructure to reject cycle-closing edges; Prim grows one tree outward from a\nroot with a priority queue, exactly Dijkstra rekeyed by attachment cost. Both\ntraced in full on a nine-town graph, with the edge cases, the bottleneck\nproperty, and where each one wins.\n",{"path":10743,"title":10744,"module":10724,"summary":10745},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fshortest-paths","Shortest Paths","Finding the cheapest route through a weighted network is one of the most-used\nalgorithms in computing, and a single operation — _relaxation_ — underlies\nevery method. We build the primitive, prove the triangle inequality and\noptimal substructure that make it work, then meet Dijkstra's algorithm: the\ngreedy solution for non-negative weights, traced vertex by vertex, with the\ncut argument that proves each extraction is final.\n",{"path":10747,"title":10748,"module":10724,"summary":10749},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fall-pairs-and-negative-weights","All-Pairs and Negative Weights","Dijkstra's greedy schedule breaks the moment an edge goes negative. We give it\nup for dynamic programming: Bellman-Ford derived as a DP over edge budgets,\nwith its negative-cycle detector, and Floyd-Warshall computing the distance\nbetween _every_ pair of vertices via a DP over which vertices a path may pass\nthrough. We close with Johnson's algorithm and the arbitrage problems that\nnegative cycles encode.\n",{"path":10751,"title":10752,"module":10724,"summary":10753},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fnetwork-flow","Network Flow","How much can flow through a network from source to sink? We build flow\nnetworks with capacity and conservation constraints, increase a flow by\npushing along augmenting paths in the residual graph, and see how reverse\nedges let the algorithm undo earlier routing. Ford-Fulkerson and its BFS refinement\nEdmonds-Karp find a maximum flow, traced end to end on a worked network.\n",{"path":10755,"title":10756,"module":10724,"summary":10757},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fmax-flow-min-cut","Max-Flow Min-Cut and Applications","Why is the flow found when no augmenting path remains actually optimal? The\nanswer is a duality theorem: the maximum flow equals the minimum cut. We prove\nit, read the minimum cut off the final residual graph, then derive bipartite\nmatching and a catalog of modeling reductions from the flow\nabstraction — before touching the modern algorithms that supersede\nEdmonds-Karp.\n",{"path":10759,"title":10760,"module":10724,"summary":10761},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fbridges-and-articulation-points","Bridges & Articulation Points","A **bridge** is an edge whose removal disconnects the graph; an **articulation\npoint** is a vertex whose removal does. Both are single points of failure in a\nnetwork. A single depth-first search computes discovery times and **low-links**,\nand two local criteria — $low[v] > disc[u]$ for bridges, $low[v] \\ge disc[u]$\nfor cut vertices — find them all in $O(V+E)$.\n",{"path":10763,"title":10764,"module":10724,"summary":10765},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Flowest-common-ancestor","Lowest Common Ancestor & Binary Lifting","Given a rooted tree, the lowest common ancestor of $u$ and $v$ is the deepest\nnode that is an ancestor of both. A naive walk answers one query in $O(h)$;\n**binary lifting** precomputes the $2^k$-th ancestor of every node in\n$O(n\\log n)$, then answers $k$-th-ancestor and LCA queries in $O(\\log n)$ each.\nWe derive both jumps, apply them to tree distance, and compare against the\nEuler-tour + RMQ and Tarjan offline alternatives.\n",{"path":10767,"title":10768,"module":10724,"summary":10769},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Ftwo-sat","2-SAT via Implication Graphs","A boolean formula whose every clause has exactly two literals can be solved in\n_linear_ time — even though its three-literal cousin is NP-complete. The idea\nis to read each clause as a pair of implications, build a directed graph on the\n$2n$ literals, and ask a question we already know how to answer: which literals\nshare a strongly connected component? The formula is satisfiable iff no variable\nlands in the same SCC as its own negation, and the SCCs' topological order\nyields a satisfying assignment for free.\n",{"path":10771,"title":10772,"module":10724,"summary":10773},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Feulerian-tours","Eulerian Tours","An **Eulerian tour** uses every _edge_ of a graph exactly once. We give the\nexact parity and balance conditions under which one exists (even degree\nfor undirected graphs, in-degree equal to out-degree for directed) and Hierholzer's\n$O(E)$ algorithm that constructs one by splicing closed sub-tours. We contrast\nthis sharply with the **Hamiltonian** problem (visit every _vertex_ once),\nwhich is NP-complete: visiting edges is easy, visiting vertices is hard.\n",{"path":10775,"title":10776,"module":10724,"summary":10777},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgraphs\u002Fbipartite-matching","Bipartite Matching","Pairing applicants to jobs, students to slots, files to disks: all are\n**maximum bipartite matching**. We solve it combinatorially with **augmenting\npaths** (Kuhn's algorithm, $O(VE)$), speed it up to $O(E\\sqrt V)$ with\n**Hopcroft–Karp**, and uncover the structure behind it — **König's theorem**\n(max matching equals min vertex cover) and **Hall's marriage theorem** (a\nperfect matching exists iff every set has enough neighbors).\n",{"path":10779,"title":10780,"module":10781,"summary":10782},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgreedy\u002Fthe-greedy-method","The Greedy Method","Greedy Algorithms","A greedy algorithm builds a solution one locally-best choice at a time and\nnever looks back. We isolate the two properties that make this work — the\ngreedy-choice property and optimal substructure — prove the canonical\nactivity-selection algorithm correct with an exchange argument, watch greedy\nfail on the 0\u002F1 knapsack, and glimpse matroids as the theory\nthat says exactly when the greedy method is optimal.\n",{"path":10784,"title":10785,"module":10781,"summary":10786},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgreedy\u002Fscheduling-and-intervals","Scheduling & Interval Partitioning","Three classic scheduling problems all yield to greedy algorithms — and all\nthree turn on a single design decision: which key to sort by. Interval\nscheduling sorts by **finish** time to pack the most compatible jobs;\ninterval partitioning sorts by **start** time and proves the rooms needed\nequal the maximum overlap **depth**; minimizing maximum lateness sorts by\n**deadline** and is justified by an adjacent-swap exchange argument.\n",{"path":10788,"title":10789,"module":10781,"summary":10790},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgreedy\u002Fhuffman-codes","Huffman Codes","Huffman coding builds a\nprovably optimal prefix-free binary code by repeatedly merging the two least\nfrequent symbols. We develop prefix-free codes as binary trees, give the\nalgorithm with a priority queue, build a Huffman tree from example\nfrequencies, prove optimality with the same greedy-choice-plus-substructure\nargument, and pin the running time at $O(n\\log n)$.\n",{"path":10792,"title":10793,"module":10781,"summary":10794},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgreedy\u002Fmatroids","Matroids & Exchange Arguments","The capstone of the greedy module: _why_ and _when_ a greedy algorithm is\nprovably optimal. We recap the two correctness templates — **greedy-stays-ahead**\nand the **exchange argument** — then meet the **matroid** $M=(S,\\mathcal{I})$, an\nabstraction whose **exchange property** is the structure greedy needs.\nThe matroid–greedy theorem says sorting by weight and taking what stays\nindependent yields a maximum-weight basis _if and only if_ the structure is a\nmatroid. Kruskal's MST is the canonical instance; 0\u002F1 knapsack and TSP are the\ncanonical failures.\n",{"path":10796,"title":10797,"module":10781,"summary":10798},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fgreedy\u002Fstable-matching","Stable Matching (Gale–Shapley)","Two sides each rank the other; we want a matching with no **blocking pair** — no\ntwo participants who both prefer each other to their assigned partners. The\n**Gale–Shapley deferred-acceptance** algorithm has proposers propose in\npreference order while receivers tentatively hold the best offer so far. We prove\nit terminates in $\\O(n^2)$ proposals, returns a **perfect** matching, and that\nthe matching is **stable**. A sharper asymmetry follows: deferred acceptance is\n**proposer-optimal** and **receiver-pessimal**, the structural fact behind the\nresidency match and school-choice systems.\n",{"path":10800,"title":10801,"module":10802,"summary":10803},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Fprinciples","Principles of Dynamic Programming","Dynamic Programming","Dynamic programming is recursion with memory: when a recursive solution\nre-solves the same subproblems again and again, we solve each one once and\nstore the answer. We identify the two structural conditions that make this\nwork — overlapping subproblems and optimal substructure — contrast top-down\nmemoization with bottom-up tabulation, and distil the whole method into a\nfive-step recipe.\n",{"path":10805,"title":10806,"module":10802,"summary":10807},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Fsequence-dp","Sequence Alignment & LCS","Two strings can be compared by how much of one appears inside the\nother. The longest common subsequence (LCS) and edit distance are the two\nclassic measures, and they are the _same_ dynamic program with different\ncosts. We derive the LCS recurrence by examining the last characters, fill a\nworked DP table, reconstruct the subsequence, and then show edit distance as\nthe identical $\\Theta(mn)$ pattern.\n",{"path":10809,"title":10810,"module":10802,"summary":10811},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Flongest-increasing-subsequence","Longest Increasing Subsequence","Given a sequence of numbers, how long is its longest strictly increasing\nsubsequence? A first dynamic program indexes subproblems by the element each\nsubsequence _ends at_, giving an $O(n^2)$ solution with parent-pointer\nreconstruction. A sharper idea, the patience-sorting _tails_ array searched by\nbinary search, drops the time to $O(n\\log n)$. We then fold in the\nvariants: non-decreasing, counting, Russian-doll envelopes, and bitonic.\n",{"path":10813,"title":10814,"module":10802,"summary":10815},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Fknapsack","Knapsack & Subset Problems","We start from $\\textsc{Subset-sum}$ — does some sublist hit a target $t$? — and its\ninclude\u002Fexclude recurrence over a boolean table $A(i, u)$, then bolt on values\nto get 0\u002F1 knapsack as the same machine with $\\lor$ promoted to $\\max$. We fill\nboth tables, recover the chosen items, and confront the surprise that the\n$\\Theta(nt)$ running time is only _pseudo-polynomial_ — exponential in the bit\nlength $b$, and unimprovable unless $\\mathrm{P}=\\mathrm{NP}$ since subset-sum is\n$\\textsc{NP-complete}$. The fractional variant reveals the sharp line between greedy\nand dynamic programming.\n",{"path":10817,"title":10818,"module":10802,"summary":10819},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Fcoin-change-and-unbounded","Coin Change & Unbounded Knapsack","The previous lesson let each item be taken at most once. Drop that cap — items\nmay be reused _any number of times_ — and the 0\u002F1 knapsack collapses from a\ntwo-dimensional table to a one-dimensional one, because there is no longer a\nprefix of \"already-used\" items to track. We meet **unbounded knapsack**, then\nits most famous instance, **coin change**: the minimum-coins recurrence\n$C[a] = 1 + \\min_c C[a-c]$, and the counting variant where the _order of the\nloops_ decides whether you count unordered combinations or ordered sequences —\nthe classic bug. Greed fails in general but works for canonical coin systems.\n",{"path":10821,"title":10822,"module":10802,"summary":10823},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Finterval-dp","Interval DP","Many problems ask for the best way to combine a contiguous range of items, and\nthe answer is a dynamic program over subintervals $[i,j]$ that chooses a split\npoint $k$. We derive the pattern from matrix-chain multiplication —\nparenthesising a product to minimize scalar multiplications in $O(n^3)$ — distil\nit into a reusable template filled by increasing interval length, and then meet\nits sharpest variant: the \"last operation\" trick behind Burst Balloons and\ncutting a stick, where fixing the _last_ move (not the first) makes the two\nsides independent.\n",{"path":10825,"title":10826,"module":10802,"summary":10827},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Ftree-dp","Dynamic Programming on Trees","When the subproblems of a dynamic program are _rooted subtrees_, a single\npost-order DFS solves the whole thing in $O(n)$: each node combines the\nalready-computed answers of its children. We meet the archetype — maximum-weight\nindependent set on a tree — then the \"path through a node\" pattern behind tree\ndiameter and maximum path sum, and finally **rerooting**, which computes a\nper-node answer for _every_ node as root in $O(n)$ with two passes.\n",{"path":10829,"title":10830,"module":10802,"summary":10831},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Fbitmask-dp","Bitmask DP","When a subproblem depends not on an index or a prefix but on _which subset_ of\na small ground set has been used, we can encode that subset as the bits of an\ninteger and index a DP table by it. With $n \\le \\sim 20$ the $2^n$ subsets fit\nin a table, turning $\\Theta(n!)$ brute force into $O(2^n \\cdot \\text{poly}(n))$.\nWe meet the bit tricks, the Held–Karp TSP archetype, assignment by mask,\nsubset-sum partitioning, and submask enumeration with its $3^n$ bound.\n",{"path":10833,"title":10834,"module":10802,"summary":10835},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Fdp-optimizations","DP Optimizations","A correct DP recurrence is only half the battle; its naive evaluation is often\na factor of $n$ slower than necessary. This capstone surveys five techniques,\nmonotonic-queue, the convex hull trick, divide-and-conquer optimization,\nKnuth's optimization, and SOS DP, that each exploit _structure in the\ntransition_ (a sliding window, linear costs, monotone optimal splits, the\nquadrangle inequality, or subset lattices) to shave an $O(n)$, $O(\\log n)$, or\nworse factor off the running time.\n",{"path":10837,"title":10838,"module":10802,"summary":10839},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Fdp-on-graphs","Dynamic Programming on Graphs","Many graph algorithms are dynamic programs: the subproblem is the\n_best value reachable under a restricted resource_ — intermediate vertices\nallowed, edges allowed, or a topological prefix — and edge _relaxation_ is the\nDP transition. We frame Floyd–Warshall as the archetype ($O(V^3)$ all-pairs\nshortest paths), Bellman–Ford as a DP over path length (the at-most-$K$-stops\nvariant), DAG-DP in topological order ($O(V+E)$), and Warshall's transitive\nclosure as the boolean analog.\n",{"path":10841,"title":10842,"module":10802,"summary":10843},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fdynamic-programming\u002Fdigit-and-probability-dp","Digit & Probability DP","Two DP patterns with unusual state. _Digit DP_ counts the\nintegers in a range $[L, R]$ that satisfy a digit constraint by walking the\ndecimal places of the bound, carrying a _tight_ flag that marks when the prefix\nstill equals the bound's. _Probability\u002FExpectation DP_ replaces \"best value\" with\n\"expected value,\" using linearity of expectation to make each state an\naverage over its weighted transitions — the natural tool for expected step\ncounts and absorbing Markov chains.\n",{"path":10845,"title":10846,"module":10847,"summary":10848},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fbacktracking\u002Fbacktracking-fundamentals","Backtracking: Subsets, Permutations & Combinations","Backtracking & Search","Backtracking builds a solution one choice at a time and abandons a partial\nsolution the moment it cannot be completed, exploring a state-space tree by\ndepth-first search. We meet the universal choose\u002Fexplore\u002Fun-choose template,\nderive the canonical enumerations — subsets ($2^n$), permutations ($n!$), and\ncombinations ($\\binom{n}{k}$) — handle duplicate elements by skipping equal\nsiblings, and see how pruning turns an exponential search into a tractable one.\n",{"path":10850,"title":10851,"module":10847,"summary":10852},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fbacktracking\u002Fconstraint-search","Constraint Search: N-Queens & Sudoku","Many hard puzzles are **constraint satisfaction problems**: assign each\nvariable a value from its domain so that every constraint holds. Backtracking\nsolves them by assigning variables one at a time and rejecting a partial\nassignment the instant a constraint breaks. We make the rejection cheap — $O(1)$\nconflict checks for N-Queens via column and diagonal sets — and prune harder\nwith **forward checking**, **MRV** ordering, and **constraint propagation**,\nwhich is what lets an exponential search actually finish.\n",{"path":10854,"title":10855,"module":10847,"summary":10856},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fbacktracking\u002Fbranch-and-bound","Branch & Bound and Meet in the Middle","Plain backtracking prunes a search tree by _feasibility_; for _optimization_\nproblems we can prune far more aggressively by _value_. **Branch and bound**\nkeeps the best complete solution found so far and discards any partial solution\nwhose optimistic bound cannot beat it. **Meet in the middle** splits the\ninstance in two, enumerates each half, and recombines by binary search — turning\n$2^n$ into $O(2^{n\u002F2}\\,n)$ and pushing exact search out to $n \\approx 40$.\n",{"path":10858,"title":10859,"module":10847,"summary":10860},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fbacktracking\u002Fgraph-backtracking","Graph Backtracking: m-Coloring & Hamiltonian Paths","Two famous graph problems have no known efficient algorithm, yet yield cleanly\nto backtracking with the right pruning. **Graph $m$-coloring** assigns one of\n$m$ colors to each vertex so no edge is monochromatic; we color vertices in turn\nand reject a color the instant a neighbor already has it. **Hamiltonian\npath\u002Fcycle** asks for a walk visiting every vertex exactly once; we extend a path\ngreedily and backtrack on dead ends. Both are NP-complete, so the worst case is\nexponential — but feasibility pruning and good vertex ordering make real\ninstances tractable, and the contrast with the easy Eulerian condition shows why.\n",{"path":10862,"title":10863,"module":10864,"summary":10865},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fmathematical-algorithms\u002Fnumber-theory-basics","Number Theory: GCD & Modular Arithmetic","Mathematical Algorithms","This lesson opens the mathematical-algorithms module with the bedrock of\ncomputational number theory. We prove Euclid's recurrence\n$\\gcd(a,b)=\\gcd(b,\\,a\\bmod b)$ and its $O(\\log\\min(a,b))$ running time, extend\nit to recover Bézout coefficients $x,y$ with $ax+by=\\gcd(a,b)$, and build\nmodular arithmetic on residue classes — including when a modular inverse\n$a^{-1}\\bmod m$ exists and how to compute it.\n",{"path":10867,"title":10868,"module":10864,"summary":10869},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fmathematical-algorithms\u002Fmodular-exponentiation-and-primality","Modular Exponentiation & Primality","Computing $a^n \\bmod m$ naively costs $n$ multiplications; **repeated squaring**\ndoes it in $O(\\log n)$ by reading the bits of the exponent. We use this routine\nto state **Fermat's little theorem** (and the modular inverse it gives), then to\ntest primality — trial division, the probabilistic **Fermat** and **Miller–Rabin**\ntests, and the deterministic witness set that settles primality for every 64-bit\nnumber.\n",{"path":10871,"title":10872,"module":10864,"summary":10873},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fmathematical-algorithms\u002Fsieve-and-factorization","Sieves & Factorization","The previous lesson tested one number for primality; here we ask for _all_\nprimes up to $n$ at once. The **sieve of Eratosthenes** cross-cuts composites\nin $O(n\\log\\log n)$, and a **linear sieve** does it in $O(n)$ while recording\neach number's **smallest prime factor**, which then factors any $x \\le n$ in\n$O(\\log x)$. From a factorization $x = \\prod p_i^{e_i}$ the multiplicative\nfunctions $\\tau$, $\\sigma$, and Euler's totient $\\varphi$ fall out immediately.\n",{"path":10875,"title":10876,"module":10864,"summary":10877},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fmathematical-algorithms\u002Fcombinatorics","Combinatorics & Counting","Counting is the arithmetic of finite sets. We build up from permutations\n$n!$ and combinations $\\binom{n}{k}$, prove Pascal's rule by a bijection,\nand count multisets with stars and bars. The practical core is computing\n$\\binom{n}{k}\\bmod p$ in $O(1)$ from precomputed factorials and inverse\nfactorials. We close with inclusion–exclusion and the Chinese Remainder\nTheorem, both of which lean on the modular inverse from the previous lesson.\n",{"path":10879,"title":10880,"module":10864,"summary":10881},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fmathematical-algorithms\u002Fmatrix-exponentiation","Matrix Exponentiation","A linear recurrence advances by a fixed linear rule, so one step is a\n**matrix–vector** product and $n$ steps are a **matrix power**. Packaging\nFibonacci, and any $k$-term recurrence, into a transition matrix lets us jump\nto the $n$-th term in $O(k^3 \\log n)$ by **exponentiation by squaring** — the\nsame doubling trick from modular exponentiation, now over matrices.\n",{"path":10883,"title":10884,"module":10864,"summary":10885},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fmathematical-algorithms\u002Ffast-fourier-transform","Fast Fourier Transform","Multiplying two degree-$n$ polynomials by the schoolbook method costs\n$\\Theta(n^2)$. Evaluating them at the **$n$-th roots of unity** turns\nmultiplication into pointwise products, and the **Cooley–Tukey FFT** computes\nall those evaluations in $\\Theta(n\\log n)$ by splitting even and odd\ncoefficients. The inverse FFT interpolates back, giving $\\Theta(n\\log n)$\npolynomial and big-integer multiplication.\n",{"path":10887,"title":10888,"module":10864,"summary":10889},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fmathematical-algorithms\u002Fgradient-descent","Numerical Optimization and Gradient Descent","Most of this course chases **discrete** optima over finite structures; here the\nsearch space is **continuous** and the objective $f$ is differentiable. The\n**gradient** points uphill, so stepping against it —\n$x_{t+1} = x_t - \\eta\\,\\nabla f(x_t)$ — walks downhill. **Convexity** makes every\nlocal minimum global; for convex $L$-smooth $f$ gradient descent converges at\n$O(1\u002Ft)$, and **geometrically** under strong convexity. **Newton's method** uses\nthe Hessian for local quadratic convergence, and **bisection** is the robust\nbracketing fallback for roots.\n",{"path":10891,"title":10892,"module":10893,"summary":10894},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fcomputational-geometry\u002Fgeometric-primitives","Geometric Primitives & Orientation","Computational Geometry","Computational geometry is built on a single reliable primitive — the\n**orientation test**, a sign of a cross product that tells whether three points\nturn left, right, or lie collinear. From points-as-vectors and the dot and\ncross products we derive orientation, segment intersection, the shoelace area\nformula, and point-in-polygon tests, keeping all arithmetic **exact and\ninteger** so that no floating-point rounding can corrupt a sign.\n",{"path":10896,"title":10897,"module":10893,"summary":10898},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fcomputational-geometry\u002Fconvex-hull","Convex Hull","The convex hull is the smallest convex polygon enclosing a point set — the\nrubber band snapped around the nails. We build it with Andrew's monotone chain,\nsorting by $(x,y)$ and sweeping a lower and upper hull while popping any\nnon-left turn via the orientation primitive, in $O(n\\log n)$. A reduction from\nsorting shows that bound is optimal, and the hull yields diameter, smallest\nenclosing rectangle, and more through rotating calipers.\n",{"path":10900,"title":10901,"module":10893,"summary":10902},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fcomputational-geometry\u002Fsweep-line","Sweep-Line Algorithms","The plane-sweep paradigm turns a static $2$-D geometry problem into a dynamic\n$1$-D ordered-set problem: a vertical line sweeps left to right, stopping at an\n$x$-sorted **event queue** while a balanced-BST **status structure** tracks the\nobjects it currently crosses, ordered by $y$. We derive Bentley–Ottmann segment\nintersection in $O((n+k)\\log n)$, recover closest-pair in $O(n\\log n)$, and\nreduce skyline, rectangle-area, and overlap problems to $\\pm1$ event sweeps.\n",{"path":10904,"title":10905,"module":10893,"summary":10906},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fcomputational-geometry\u002Fpolygons-and-proximity","Polygons & Proximity","Four classics that live on top of the orientation primitive and the convex\nhull. **Closest pair** falls to divide-and-conquer in $\\Theta(n\\log n)$, where a\npacking argument caps the cross-boundary combine at seven neighbours per point.\n**Point-in-polygon** is the ray-casting parity test or the winding-number count\nthat also handles self-intersecting boundaries, both with their edge caveats. The **shoelace formula**\ngives signed area as a sum of cross products, and **rotating calipers** walk the\nhull to read off diameter and width in $O(n)$.\n",{"path":10908,"title":10909,"module":10910,"summary":10911},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fintractability\u002Fp-np-reductions","P, NP, and Reductions","Intractability","Most problems we have met so far have fast algorithms. A vast and important\nfamily seemingly does not. This lesson builds the vocabulary for that\ndivide: decision problems, the class $\\mathsf{P}$ of problems we can solve\nquickly, the class $\\mathsf{NP}$ of problems whose solutions we can _check_\nquickly, and polynomial-time reductions, the tool that lets us compare the\ndifficulty of two problems without solving either.\n",{"path":10913,"title":10914,"module":10910,"summary":10915},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fintractability\u002Fnp-completeness","NP-Completeness","Some problems in $\\mathsf{NP}$ are universally hardest: every other problem\nin $\\mathsf{NP}$ reduces to them. This lesson defines $\\mathsf{NP}$-hard and\n$\\mathsf{NP}$-complete, states the Cook–Levin theorem that anchors the\ntheory on **SAT**, walks the web of reductions that grows from it, and gives\nthe four-step recipe for proving a brand-new problem $\\mathsf{NP}$-complete.\n",{"path":10917,"title":10918,"module":10910,"summary":10919},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fintractability\u002Fcoping-with-hardness","Coping with NP-Hardness","An $\\mathsf{NP}$-hardness proof rules out an exact polynomial-time algorithm,\nnot the need for answers. This lesson surveys four practical responses to\nhardness: approximation algorithms with a provable ratio (worked through a\n2-approximation for vertex cover), heuristics and local search, exact\nexponential methods like branch and bound, and exploiting special structure\nin the instances you actually face.\n",{"path":10921,"title":10922,"module":10910,"summary":10923},"\u002Falgorithms\u002Fintractability\u002Fapproximation-algorithms","Approximation Algorithms","When a problem is $\\mathsf{NP}$-hard we can still ask for a solution\nprovably close to optimal. This lesson makes the approximation ratio\n$\\rho$ precise, separates absolute from relative guarantees, and proves the\nratios of four classic algorithms: greedy set cover ($H_n \\approx \\ln n$),\nthe MST-doubling $2$-approximation for metric TSP, load balancing, and the\nknapsack FPTAS. It closes with the hierarchy PTAS \u002F FPTAS and the limits of\ninapproximability.\n",{"path":10925,"title":10926,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Falgorithms","Algorithms",{"path":10928,"title":10929,"module":10930,"summary":10931},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Flimits-and-continuity\u002Ffunctions-and-models","Functions and Mathematical Models","Limits and Continuity","A function assigns exactly one output to each input and can be presented four ways: verbally, numerically, graphically, or by a formula. The elementary families — linear, polynomial, power, rational, trigonometric, exponential — model most elementary phenomena, and transformation, combination, and composition build every other function from them.\n",{"path":10933,"title":10934,"module":10930,"summary":10935},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Flimits-and-continuity\u002Fthe-limit-of-a-function","The Limit of a Function","The tangent and velocity problems both ask for a value a ratio approaches but never reaches — the limit. Its intuitive two-sided form splits into one-sided limits that must agree; a limit fails to exist when they disagree or when the function grows without bound, the latter producing a vertical asymptote.\n",{"path":10937,"title":10938,"module":10930,"summary":10939},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Flimits-and-continuity\u002Flimit-laws-and-the-precise-definition","Limit Laws and the ε–δ Definition","The Limit Laws reduce a limit to arithmetic on simpler limits, and direct substitution settles polynomials and rational functions outright. The 0\u002F0 forms that resist substitution yield to algebra or the Squeeze Theorem, and the ε–δ definition makes \"arbitrarily close\" precise as a pair of quantified inequalities.\n",{"path":10941,"title":10942,"module":10930,"summary":10943},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Flimits-and-continuity\u002Fcontinuity","Continuity","A function is continuous at a point when its limit there equals its value, so the graph has no break. Continuity fails in three geometric ways; it is closed under arithmetic and composition, so the elementary families and their combinations are continuous; and on a closed interval it forces the Intermediate Value Theorem, which locates roots.\n",{"path":10945,"title":10946,"module":10947,"summary":10948},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fderivatives\u002Fthe-derivative-and-rates-of-change","The Derivative and Rates of Change","Derivatives","A single limit with three readings: the slope of the tangent line, the instantaneous velocity of a moving object, and the rate of change of one quantity with respect to another. Built from the difference quotient, extended from a value at one point to a function of x, and undefined exactly where a corner, jump, or vertical tangent appears.\n",{"path":10950,"title":10951,"module":10947,"summary":10952},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fderivatives\u002Fdifferentiation-rules-and-the-chain-rule","Differentiation Rules and the Chain Rule","Computing every derivative from the limit definition is tedious. A short list of rules — power, constant multiple, sum, product, quotient — differentiates any polynomial or rational function by inspection. The trigonometric derivatives follow from one limit, and the chain rule extends everything to composite functions by multiplying rates along the composition.\n",{"path":10954,"title":10955,"module":10947,"summary":10956},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fderivatives\u002Fimplicit-differentiation-and-related-rates","Implicit Differentiation and Related Rates","Not every curve is the graph of y = f(x). Implicit differentiation finds a slope from an equation in x and y directly, treating y as an unknown function and differentiating both sides. The same chain-rule idea drives related rates, where one measured rate of change forces another through a geometric constraint, and interprets the derivative as a rate across the sciences.\n",{"path":10958,"title":10959,"module":10947,"summary":10960},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fderivatives\u002Flinear-approximations-and-differentials","Linear Approximations and Differentials","A differentiable curve looks like its tangent line under enough magnification, so the tangent is a usable stand-in for the function near the point of contact. The linear approximation and its linearization, written in the language of differentials dy and dx, estimate both function values and the measurement error propagated into a computed quantity.\n",{"path":10962,"title":10963,"module":10964,"summary":10965},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fapplications-of-derivatives\u002Fextrema-and-the-mean-value-theorem","Extrema and the Mean Value Theorem","Applications of Derivatives","Absolute and local extrema, the Extreme Value Theorem that guarantees them, and Fermat's Theorem pinning candidates to critical numbers. The Closed Interval Method turns the search for extrema into a finite checklist. Rolle's Theorem and the Mean Value Theorem then connect a function's values to its derivative, giving the tool that most of differential calculus rests on.\n",{"path":10967,"title":10968,"module":10964,"summary":10969},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fapplications-of-derivatives\u002Fhow-derivatives-shape-a-graph","How Derivatives Shape a Graph","The sign of the first derivative fixes where a function rises and falls, and a sign change identifies each local extremum through the First Derivative Test. The second derivative sets concavity and inflection points and gives a faster Second Derivative Test. Limits at infinity describe end behavior and the horizontal asymptotes a curve settles toward.\n",{"path":10971,"title":10972,"module":10964,"summary":10973},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fapplications-of-derivatives\u002Fcurve-sketching-and-optimization","Curve Sketching and Optimization","A checklist that synthesizes domain, symmetry, asymptotes, monotonicity, extrema, and concavity into a hand sketch of any function, plus the slant asymptote for rational functions whose degree exceeds the denominator's. The same extremum machinery, applied to a word problem, becomes the optimization template: model one quantity, reduce it to a function of a single variable, and find its absolute extremum.\n",{"path":10975,"title":10976,"module":10964,"summary":10977},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fapplications-of-derivatives\u002Fnewtons-method-and-antiderivatives","Newton's Method and Antiderivatives","Newton's method solves $f(x) = 0$ by repeatedly replacing the curve with its tangent line and jumping to the tangent's root, converging fast when it works and diverging when the derivative is small. Antiderivatives reverse differentiation: every antiderivative of a function differs from another by a constant, so the general antiderivative is a family of parallel curves, pinned to one by an initial condition.\n",{"path":10979,"title":10980,"module":10981,"summary":10982},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fintegrals\u002Farea-and-the-definite-integral","Area and the Definite Integral","Integrals","The area under a curve is defined as a limit of sums of rectangle areas. The same limit — a Riemann sum taken as the mesh shrinks to zero — defines the definite integral, a single number measuring signed area, total distance, and every accumulated quantity built the same way. Its properties, comparison bounds, and reading as net area follow directly from the limit.\n",{"path":10984,"title":10985,"module":10981,"summary":10986},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fintegrals\u002Fthe-fundamental-theorem-of-calculus","The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus","Differentiation and integration are inverse operations. Part 1 says the derivative of an area-accumulation function is the integrand; Part 2 says a definite integral equals the change in any antiderivative across the interval. Together they replace limits of Riemann sums with antiderivative lookups, define the indefinite integral, and give the Net Change Theorem for rates.\n",{"path":10988,"title":10989,"module":10981,"summary":10990},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fintegrals\u002Fthe-substitution-rule","The Substitution Rule","Substitution runs the Chain Rule backward: spotting an inner function whose derivative also appears in the integrand lets the variable change to $u$ and collapse a composite integral to a simple one. The rule applies to indefinite and definite integrals, with two ways to handle the limits, and it yields the symmetry shortcuts that double even integrands and vanish odd ones.\n",{"path":10992,"title":10993,"module":10994,"summary":10995},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fapplications-of-integration\u002Fareas-and-volumes","Areas Between Curves and Volumes","Applications of Integration","A definite integral computes any quantity that a limit of Riemann sums approximates. Applied to geometry it gives the area between two curves and the volume of a solid: by cross-sections, by disks and washers when the region is revolved, and by cylindrical shells when inverting the boundary is awkward.\n",{"path":10997,"title":10998,"module":10994,"summary":10999},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fapplications-of-integration\u002Fwork-average-value-and-arc-length","Work, Average Value, Arc Length, and Surface Area","The work done by a force that varies with position, the average value of a function and the Mean Value Theorem it satisfies, the length of a curve, and the area of a surface swept out by revolving that curve. Each is a limit of Riemann sums, hence a definite integral.\n",{"path":11001,"title":11002,"module":10994,"summary":11003},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fapplications-of-integration\u002Fphysics-economics-and-probability","Applications to Physics, Economics, and Probability","Definite integrals in physics, economics, and statistics: the force a fluid exerts on a submerged plate, the balance point of a plane region, the money consumers save at a market price, and the probability that a continuous random variable lands in an interval, together with its mean.\n",{"path":11005,"title":11006,"module":11007,"summary":11008},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fexponential-logarithmic-and-inverse-functions\u002Finverse-functions-logarithms-and-exponentials","Inverse Functions, Logarithms, and Exponentials","Exponential, Logarithmic, and Inverse Functions","A one-to-one function has an inverse that reverses it, with a graph mirrored across y = x and a derivative given by the reciprocal-slope rule. The exponential e^x is its own derivative and the natural logarithm has derivative 1\u002Fx; logarithmic differentiation turns products, quotients, and variable powers into sums.\n",{"path":11010,"title":11011,"module":11007,"summary":11012},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fexponential-logarithmic-and-inverse-functions\u002Fgrowth-decay-inverse-trig-and-hyperbolic-functions","Growth, Decay, Inverse Trigonometric, and Hyperbolic Functions","Any quantity whose rate of change is proportional to its size grows or decays exponentially, the single equation y' = ky behind populations, radioactive decay, cooling, and continuously compounded interest. The inverse trigonometric functions have algebraic derivatives, and the hyperbolic functions, built from e^x and e^{-x}, describe the hanging cable.\n",{"path":11014,"title":11015,"module":11007,"summary":11016},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fexponential-logarithmic-and-inverse-functions\u002Flhospitals-rule","Indeterminate Forms and l'Hospital's Rule","When a limit produces 0\u002F0 or infinity over infinity, the value is undetermined by the forms alone. l'Hospital's Rule resolves both by replacing the ratio of functions with the ratio of their derivatives. Products, differences, and powers reduce to a quotient the rule can handle, and repeated use ranks the growth of logarithms, powers, and exponentials.\n",{"path":11018,"title":11019,"module":11020,"summary":11021},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Ftechniques-of-integration\u002Fintegration-by-parts","Integration by Parts","Techniques of Integration","The product rule for derivatives reverses into integration by parts, trading the integral of $u\\,\\d v$ for the integral of $v\\,\\d u$ whenever the second is easier. The LIATE ordering fixes which factor to differentiate. Standard cases: a polynomial against a transcendental factor, repeated parts, cyclic integrals that solve for themselves, and reduction formulas that peel an exponent down by recursion.\n",{"path":11023,"title":11024,"module":11020,"summary":11025},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Ftechniques-of-integration\u002Ftrigonometric-integrals-and-substitution","Trigonometric Integrals and Substitution","Two related techniques. Trigonometric integrals evaluate powers and products of sine, cosine, tangent, and secant by splitting off one factor and converting the rest with a Pythagorean identity, or by dropping even powers with half-angle formulas. Trigonometric substitution runs the idea in reverse: replace x by a sine, tangent, or secant to clear a radical, integrate, then read the answer back off a reference triangle.\n",{"path":11027,"title":11028,"module":11020,"summary":11029},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Ftechniques-of-integration\u002Fpartial-fractions-and-integration-strategy","Partial Fractions and Integration Strategy","Any rational function integrates in closed form: factor the denominator, split the fraction into simple pieces by partial fractions, and integrate each piece as a logarithm or an arctangent. Four denominator cases exhaust the possibilities. A four-step strategy then sorts an arbitrary integrand by its shape to the technique that fits it, and a short catalog records elementary functions whose antiderivatives are not elementary.\n",{"path":11031,"title":11032,"module":11020,"summary":11033},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Ftechniques-of-integration\u002Fapproximate-and-improper-integrals","Approximate and Improper Integrals","Two definite integrals the Fundamental Theorem cannot reach. With no antiderivative available, the Midpoint, Trapezoidal, and Simpson rules approximate the integral from sample values, each carrying a provable error bound. With an infinite interval or an integrand that blows up, the improper integral is defined as a limit that either converges or diverges; the Comparison Test settles which without evaluating it.\n",{"path":11035,"title":11036,"module":11037,"summary":11038},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fparametric-and-polar\u002Fparametric-curves-and-their-calculus","Parametric Curves and Their Calculus","Parametric Equations and Polar Coordinates","A parametric curve gives x and y separately as functions of a third variable, recording not only a path but the direction and timing with which it is traced. Eliminating the parameter recovers a Cartesian equation; the slope, area, arc-length, and surface-area formulas run directly on the parameter, with the cycloid and astroid as worked examples.\n",{"path":11040,"title":11041,"module":11037,"summary":11042},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fparametric-and-polar\u002Fpolar-coordinates","Polar Coordinates","Polar coordinates locate a point by a distance from the pole and an angle from the polar axis, giving circles, spirals, and flower-shaped curves short equations. Conversion between the two systems is right-triangle trigonometry, and treating a polar curve as a parametric curve in the angle yields the tangent, area, and arc-length formulas.\n",{"path":11044,"title":11045,"module":11037,"summary":11046},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fparametric-and-polar\u002Fconic-sections","Conic Sections","Parabolas, ellipses, and hyperbolas are the plane curves cut from a double cone. Each has a focus-based geometric definition and a standard Cartesian equation. A single number, the eccentricity, ties the three together, and placing a focus at the pole gives all of them one polar equation that describes planetary orbits.\n",{"path":11048,"title":11049,"module":11050,"summary":11051},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fsequences-and-series\u002Fsequences","Sequences","Infinite Sequences and Series","A sequence is a function on the positive integers, and its limit is defined almost exactly like a limit at infinity. The Limit Laws and Squeeze Theorem carry over from functions, monotonic and bounded sequences give a convergence criterion, and the Monotonic Sequence Theorem guarantees a limit exists without naming it.\n",{"path":11053,"title":11054,"module":11050,"summary":11055},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fsequences-and-series\u002Fseries-and-the-integral-test","Series and the Integral Test","Adding infinitely many terms is made precise as the limit of partial sums. The two series with closed-form partial sums are geometric and telescoping; the harmonic series diverges even as its terms shrink to zero. The Integral Test compares a positive series to an improper integral, settling the p-series and supplying a remainder bound for estimating sums.\n",{"path":11057,"title":11058,"module":11050,"summary":11059},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fsequences-and-series\u002Fthe-convergence-tests","The Convergence Tests","The comparison, alternating-series, ratio, and root tests decide convergence without a closed-form partial sum. Absolute convergence is stronger than conditional convergence and is preserved under rearrangement; an alternating series errs by less than its first omitted term. A test is chosen from the shape of the general term.\n",{"path":11061,"title":11062,"module":11050,"summary":11063},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fsequences-and-series\u002Fpower-series","Power Series","A power series is a polynomial of infinite degree whose convergence set is an interval centered at $a$, with a radius the Ratio Test finds and endpoints that must be tested by hand. Inside that interval the series represents a function that can be differentiated and integrated term by term, generating new representations from the geometric series.\n",{"path":11065,"title":11066,"module":11050,"summary":11067},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fsequences-and-series\u002Ftaylor-and-maclaurin-series","Taylor and Maclaurin Series","If a function equals a power series, its coefficients are forced: the nth is the nth derivative at the center over n factorial. We derive that formula, use Taylor's Inequality to prove the standard series for the exponential, sine, and cosine, record the binomial series and a reference table, and bound the error when a Taylor polynomial replaces a function.\n",{"path":11069,"title":11070,"module":11071,"summary":11072},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fvectors-and-space-curves\u002Fvectors-and-the-dot-product","Three-Dimensional Coordinates, Vectors, and the Dot Product","Vectors and the Geometry of Space","Space needs three coordinates, so we set up the rectangular system, the distance formula, and the equation of a sphere. Vectors then package magnitude and direction into a single algebraic object with its own arithmetic. The dot product turns two vectors into a number that measures the angle between them, gives a clean test for orthogonality, and produces the projection of one vector onto another.\n",{"path":11074,"title":11075,"module":11071,"summary":11076},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fvectors-and-space-curves\u002Fthe-cross-product-lines-and-planes","The Cross Product, Lines, and Planes","The cross product multiplies two vectors into a third perpendicular to both, with length equal to the area of the parallelogram they span. That one construction supplies the direction of a line, the normal of a plane, and, through the scalar triple product, the volume of a parallelepiped. Lines carry a point and a direction vector; planes carry a point and a normal, which fixes the angle between planes and the distance from a point to a plane.\n",{"path":11078,"title":11079,"module":11071,"summary":11080},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fvectors-and-space-curves\u002Fcylinders-and-quadric-surfaces","Cylinders and Quadric Surfaces","A surface whose equation omits one variable is a cylinder: the graph of a plane curve swept along the missing axis. A second-degree equation in three variables is a quadric, and translation and rotation reduce every one to a short standard list. Traces — the curves cut by planes parallel to the coordinate planes — sort the six quadrics into ellipsoid, the two paraboloids, the cone, and the two hyperboloids.\n",{"path":11082,"title":11083,"module":11071,"summary":11084},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fvectors-and-space-curves\u002Fvector-functions-and-space-curves","Vector Functions and Space Curves","A vector function assigns a vector to each value of a parameter, and as the parameter runs its tip traces a space curve. Taking limits, derivatives, and integrals component by component carries all of single-variable calculus into three dimensions. The derivative of a vector function is the tangent vector to its curve, and normalizing it gives the unit tangent that points the way along the path.\n",{"path":11086,"title":11087,"module":11071,"summary":11088},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fvectors-and-space-curves\u002Farc-length-curvature-and-motion","Arc Length, Curvature, and Motion in Space","Integrating the speed of a vector function gives the length of its curve and a natural parameter, arc length, that depends only on the curve's shape. Curvature measures how fast the unit tangent turns, and together with the normal and binormal it builds the moving TNB frame. Reading the same vector function as a trajectory, its first two derivatives are velocity and acceleration, and acceleration splits cleanly into tangential and normal parts.\n",{"path":11090,"title":11091,"module":11092,"summary":11093},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fpartial-derivatives\u002Ffunctions-of-several-variables","Functions of Several Variables, Limits, and Continuity","Partial Derivatives","A function of several variables assigns one number to each point of a region in the plane or in space. Domain, graph, level curve, and level surface describe it; limits and continuity extend to two variables, where a limit must agree along every path of approach, not just from the left and the right.\n",{"path":11095,"title":11092,"module":11092,"summary":11096},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fpartial-derivatives\u002Fpartial-derivatives","A partial derivative holds every variable but one fixed and differentiates in the ordinary sense. Geometrically it is the slope of a trace curve cut from the surface by a coordinate plane. The freeze-and-differentiate rule computes the two first partials; the four second partials follow, and the two mixed ones agree under Clairaut's Theorem when they are continuous.\n",{"path":11098,"title":11099,"module":11092,"summary":11100},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fpartial-derivatives\u002Ftangent-planes-and-the-chain-rule","Tangent Planes, Linear Approximation, and the Chain Rule","Near a point, a smooth surface looks like its tangent plane, and the plane's equation is built from the two partial derivatives. That linearization defines the total differential and the meaning of differentiability in two variables. The chain rule then propagates derivatives through composed functions, tracked by a tree diagram, and yields clean formulas for implicit differentiation.\n",{"path":11102,"title":11103,"module":11092,"summary":11104},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fpartial-derivatives\u002Fdirectional-derivatives-and-the-gradient","Directional Derivatives and the Gradient","The partial derivatives measure slope along the two axes; the directional derivative measures slope along any chosen direction, and equals the gradient dotted with a unit vector. The gradient points in the direction of steepest increase, its length is the greatest rate, and it stands perpendicular to level curves and surfaces, which fixes the tangent plane to a level surface.\n",{"path":11106,"title":11107,"module":11092,"summary":11108},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fpartial-derivatives\u002Foptimization-and-lagrange-multipliers","Optimization and Lagrange Multipliers","Extrema of a two-variable function sit at critical points where the gradient vanishes; the Second Derivatives Test sorts them into peaks, valleys, and saddles by the sign of a discriminant. Absolute extrema on a closed region also need the boundary. When the domain is itself a constraint curve, Lagrange multipliers set the two gradients parallel and solve the constrained problem.\n",{"path":11110,"title":11111,"module":11112,"summary":11113},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fmultiple-integrals-and-vector-calculus\u002Fdouble-integrals","Double Integrals","Multiple Integrals and Vector Calculus","The double integral extends the definite integral to functions of two variables: a limit of Riemann sums that measures signed volume under a surface. Fubini's Theorem turns it into two ordinary integrations done one after the other, general regions of type I and type II fix the inner limits, polar coordinates absorb circular symmetry through the factor r, and the same machine computes mass, center of mass, and moments of a lamina.\n",{"path":11115,"title":11116,"module":11112,"summary":11117},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fmultiple-integrals-and-vector-calculus\u002Ftriple-integrals-and-coordinate-systems","Triple Integrals and Coordinate Systems","The triple integral integrates a function of three variables over a solid, as a limit of Riemann sums evaluated by three nested single integrations. Cylindrical coordinates add the factor r to handle axial symmetry, spherical coordinates add rho-squared sine-phi for radial symmetry, and the general change of variables shows both volume elements are Jacobian determinants of the coordinate map. Surface area for a graph completes the measurement toolkit.\n",{"path":11119,"title":11120,"module":11112,"summary":11121},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fmultiple-integrals-and-vector-calculus\u002Fvector-fields-and-line-integrals","Vector Fields and Line Integrals","A vector field assigns a vector to every point of space; the line integral of a field along a curve accumulates its tangential component, measuring work. Conservative fields are gradients of a potential, and for them the Fundamental Theorem for Line Integrals makes the integral depend only on the endpoints. Path independence, closed-loop integrals of zero, and the component test for a potential are three faces of the same property.\n",{"path":11123,"title":11124,"module":11112,"summary":11125},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fmultiple-integrals-and-vector-calculus\u002Fgreens-theorem-curl-and-divergence","Green's Theorem, Curl, and Divergence","Green's Theorem equates the line integral of a field around a positively oriented closed curve with a double integral over the enclosed region, turning a boundary computation into an area computation and vice versa. Curl measures local circulation and divergence measures local outflow; the two vector forms of Green's Theorem express the boundary integral as the integrated curl or divergence, the planar case of Stokes' and the Divergence Theorem.\n",{"path":11127,"title":11128,"module":11112,"summary":11129},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fmultiple-integrals-and-vector-calculus\u002Fsurface-integrals","Parametric Surfaces and Surface Integrals","A parametric surface is the image of a two-variable vector function; its area element is the magnitude of the cross product of the two tangent vectors. The surface integral of a scalar function sums it over that area, and the flux integral of a vector field sums the field's normal component, measuring flow through the surface. Orientation by a choice of unit normal makes flux well-defined, the integral Stokes' and the Divergence Theorem operate on.\n",{"path":11131,"title":11132,"module":11112,"summary":11133},"\u002Fcalculus\u002Fmultiple-integrals-and-vector-calculus\u002Fstokes-and-the-divergence-theorem","Stokes' Theorem and the Divergence Theorem","Stokes' Theorem lifts Green's Theorem into space: the line integral of a field around the boundary of a surface equals the flux of its curl through the surface. The Divergence Theorem relates the outward flux across a closed surface to the triple integral of divergence over the solid it encloses. Together with the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and its line-integral and Green counterparts, they are one theorem: the integral of a derivative over a region equals the integral of the field over its oriented boundary.\n",{"path":11135,"title":11136,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Fcalculus","Calculus",{"path":11138,"title":11139,"module":10583,"summary":11140},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Ffoundations\u002Fmeasurement-and-dimensions","Measurement and Dimensions","Every physical quantity is a number attached to a unit, and that pairing is what lets you check an equation before computing anything, since terms that add together must carry the same dimensions. We build the SI base units and the notion of dimension, then use dimensional analysis to test a proposed relation and form scaling groups — a method that fixes a formula's shape but never its numerical constants. The lesson also sets how precisely a result may be stated, through significant figures, propagated uncertainty, and order-of-magnitude checks that catch errors a raw calculator answer hides.\n",{"path":11142,"title":11143,"module":10583,"summary":11144},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Ffoundations\u002Fvector-algebra","Vector Algebra","Force, velocity, and displacement all carry a direction, so mechanics needs an arithmetic that respects it; adding magnitudes alone gives the wrong answer the moment two arrows point different ways. We set up vectors and their components in a chosen basis, then build the two products that carry most of the physics — the dot product, which extracts the part of one vector along another and yields work and power, and the cross product, which measures oriented area and yields torque and angular momentum. Rotating the axes changes the components while leaving the vector itself untouched, and the same component method resolves a force along whatever directions a constraint picks out.\n",{"path":11146,"title":11147,"module":11148,"summary":11149},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fkinematics\u002Fone-dimensional-motion","One-Dimensional Motion","Kinematics","Motion along a line already forces the two questions the whole of kinematics repeats: how fast is the object moving now, and where will it be next? Velocity and acceleration answer the first as derivatives of position; integrating them back — the signed area under a graph — answers the second. We derive the constant-acceleration equations, mark exactly where the \"constant\" assumption is load-bearing, and see why sign, not magnitude, is what carries direction.\n",{"path":11151,"title":11152,"module":11148,"summary":11153},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fkinematics\u002Fmotion-graphs","Motion Graphs","Draw a motion as a graph and its two most useful facts turn geometric: the slope of the position curve is the velocity, and the area under the velocity curve is the displacement. We read motion in both directions — differentiating a graph for the next rate, integrating it back to recover position — and handle the curved, piecewise, and noisy graphs that real measurements produce. Along the way we see why a velocity estimated from two positions belongs to the midpoint of their interval, not its end.\n",{"path":11155,"title":11156,"module":11148,"summary":11157},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fkinematics\u002Fprojectile-motion","Projectile Motion","Throw an object and it seems to trace one curved path, but the motion is really two independent one-dimensional motions running at once: constant velocity across the ground and free fall in the vertical. Splitting it that way turns every projectile question — how long it stays up, how far it lands, how high it climbs, whether it clears an obstacle — into a pair of equations you already know. We derive the parabolic trajectory, work both the forward and the inverse problems, and show why the familiar $45^\\circ$ range-maximizing angle holds only when launch and landing heights match.\n",{"path":11159,"title":11160,"module":11148,"summary":11161},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fkinematics\u002Frelative-motion","Relative Motion","A velocity is only ever measured relative to some observer, so a boat's speed through the water, over the ground, and as seen from another boat are three different vectors. Choosing the right frame — and subtracting one motion from another — collapses river crossings, crosswind headings, pursuit, and closest-approach problems into a single vector equation. We build the relative-velocity and relative-position relations for uniformly moving frames, show why acceleration is the one quantity all such observers agree on, and note where rotating frames break the simple subtraction.\n",{"path":11163,"title":11164,"module":11148,"summary":11165},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fkinematics\u002Fcircular-motion","Circular Motion","An object going around a circle at a steady speed is still accelerating, because its velocity is forever changing direction — the fact that governs everything from a car on a curve to a satellite in orbit. We tie the angular description (angle, angular velocity, angular acceleration) to the linear one through $v=r\\omega$, split the acceleration into an inward part that turns the velocity and a tangential part that changes its speed, and extend the inward $v^2\u002Fr$ result to any curved path through its local radius of curvature. Constant angular acceleration then mirrors straight-line motion equation for equation.\n",{"path":11167,"title":11168,"module":11169,"summary":11170},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fdynamics\u002Fnewtons-laws","Newton's Laws","Dynamics","What makes a body change its motion, and in which frames does the answer take its simplest form? Newton's three laws settle both: inertial frames are the ones where a force-free body coasts, force is whatever changes momentum, and every interaction pushes back on its source. We write the second law as $\\sum\\vec F=\\d\\vec p\u002F\\d t$, reduce it to $m\\vec a$ at constant mass, and separate what a scale actually reads — the support force — from the weight $m\\vec g$ it is so often mistaken for.\n",{"path":11172,"title":11173,"module":11169,"summary":11174},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fdynamics\u002Ffree-body-diagrams","Free-Body Diagrams","Once several forces act on a body at once, the reliable way to predict its motion is to isolate that one body and draw every external push and pull on it — nothing more, nothing less. The free-body diagram is that discipline. We fix a system boundary, resolve $\\sum\\vec F=m\\vec a$ into components along axes chosen to fit the geometry, and solve for the unknowns a problem hands us — normal forces, tensions, friction, and the acceleration a constraint permits — seeing why internal forces drop out only when the boundary encloses both bodies that share them.\n",{"path":11176,"title":11177,"module":11169,"summary":11178},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fdynamics\u002Ffriction-and-curved-motion","Friction and Curved Motion","Real surfaces grip before they slip, fluids push back harder the faster you move through them, and anything rounding a bend must be pulled toward the inside of the curve by something. This lesson supplies the force laws for those three cases. We bound static friction by $|f_s|\\leq\\mu_sN$ and switch to kinetic friction $\\mu_kN$ once sliding starts, model drag as a speed-dependent resistance that levels off at a terminal speed, and show that circular motion demands an inward net force $mv^2\u002Fr$ furnished by real interactions — friction, a banked normal force, tension — never by an invented outward one.\n",{"path":11180,"title":11181,"module":11169,"summary":11182},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fdynamics\u002Fnumerical-dynamics","Numerical Dynamics","Most force laws — quadratic drag, coupled oscillators, anything nonlinear — admit no closed-form trajectory, so we advance the motion one small time step at a time and let arithmetic do what algebra cannot. This lesson turns $\\d\\vec y\u002F\\d t=f(t,\\vec y)$ into a marching rule. We derive the Euler, Euler--Cromer, midpoint, and Verlet updates, weigh their accuracy and stability, watch a drifting energy expose a bad scheme, and use step-halving and conserved quantities to separate the error of the method from the error of the model.\n",{"path":11184,"title":11185,"module":11169,"summary":11186},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fdynamics\u002Fcenter-of-mass-systems","Center-of-Mass Systems","A firework bursts into a dozen fragments, yet one point keeps gliding along the original parabola as though nothing had happened. That point is the centre of mass, and following it collapses a many-body tangle into a single equation of motion. We define $\\vec R=\\frac1M\\sum_i m_i\\vec r_i$ and its continuous form, show that internal forces cancel so that only external ones move it, $M\\vec A_{\\rm cm}=\\sum\\vec F_{\\rm ext}$, and put the result to work on recoil, collisions viewed from the centre-of-mass frame, and rocket propulsion, where mass leaving the boundary carries momentum with it.\n",{"path":11188,"title":11189,"module":11190,"summary":11191},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fenergy\u002Fwork-and-kinetic-energy","Work and Kinetic Energy","Energy","A constant push along a straight path is trivial to score, but real forces vary and bend along curved trajectories, and only the component along the motion transfers any energy. Work captures exactly that transfer as the line integral $W=\\int\\vec F\\cdot\\d\\vec r$, and the work-kinetic-energy theorem turns it into a statement about speed: the net work on a particle equals the change in its $\\tfrac12 mv^2$. We build work up from the dot product to the signed area under a force curve, derive the theorem from Newton's second law, and read power as its instantaneous rate $P=\\vec F\\cdot\\vec v$.\n",{"path":11193,"title":11194,"module":11190,"summary":11195},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fenergy\u002Fpotential-energy","Potential Energy","When a force does the same work no matter which path a particle takes, that work can be stored as a function of position alone, and solving for the motion becomes bookkeeping instead of integration. We single out the forces that qualify — the conservative ones, for which $\\oint\\vec F\\cdot\\d\\vec r=0$ — define their potential energy through $\\vec F=-\\nabla U$, and use conservation of mechanical energy to read speeds, turning points, and equilibria straight off a potential curve. Friction breaks the shortcut, so we also track where mechanical energy leaks away as heat.\n",{"path":11197,"title":11198,"module":11190,"summary":11199},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fenergy\u002Fmultiparticle-work","Multiparticle Work","A single particle has one velocity and one kinetic energy; a system of many can spin, deform, explode, and warm up while its centre of mass glides along as if nothing happened. Splitting the motion into a centre-of-mass part and an internal part separates the energy that momentum already fixes from the energy left free for relative motion, $K=\\tfrac12MV_{\\rm cm}^2+K'$. We derive the centre-of-mass work theorem, see why an explosion or a released spring can raise total kinetic energy with no external work at all, and use the reduced-mass and centre-of-mass frames to make collisions and internal transfers clean.\n",{"path":11201,"title":11202,"module":11190,"summary":11203},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fenergy\u002Fmass-energy-and-binding","Mass-Energy and Binding","Relativity puts rest itself on the energy ledger: a mass $m$ carries energy $mc^2$ even when it sits still, so weighing a system's separated pieces and weighing the assembled whole give different answers, and the gap is binding energy. We convert freely between mass units and MeV, compute the energy that holds a nucleus together, and read the binding-energy-per-nucleon curve that explains why fusing light nuclei and splitting heavy ones both release energy. Reaction $Q$ values, thresholds, and recoil then follow from the same mass-difference accounting, once the frame and mass convention are fixed.\n",{"path":11205,"title":11206,"module":11190,"summary":11207},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fenergy\u002Fphotons-and-quantization","Photons and Quantization","Light delivers its energy in indivisible lumps: a photon of frequency $f$ carries exactly $hf$, and this one fact explains why a dim blue lamp ejects electrons that an intense red one cannot. We fix a photon's energy and momentum from its wavelength, follow the quanta through emission, absorption, and the photoelectric threshold $K_{\\rm max}=hf-\\phi$, and watch energy and momentum conservation together produce the Compton wavelength shift when a photon scatters from an electron. The recurring discipline is unit and frame care, where a stray factor of $10^9$ or a forgotten rest energy quietly ruins an answer.\n",{"path":11209,"title":11210,"module":11211,"summary":11212},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fmomentum\u002Fmomentum-and-collisions","Momentum and Collisions","Momentum","When two objects collide, the forces between them are too brief and too tangled to integrate directly, yet the result is fixed by one conserved quantity. Linear momentum $\\vec p=m\\vec v$ turns Newton's second law into the impulse-momentum theorem $\\vec J=\\Delta\\vec p$, and for an isolated system into a conservation law that holds through any internal collision, however dissipative. We use it to separate elastic from inelastic collisions, follow the centre of mass, and read impulse as the signed area under a force-time curve — always tracking which external impulses the chosen system and interval let us drop.\n",{"path":11214,"title":11215,"module":11211,"summary":11216},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fmomentum\u002Fcenter-of-mass-collisions","Center-of-Mass Collisions","A two-body collision that looks asymmetric in the laboratory becomes almost trivial in the frame that rides along with the centre of mass, where the total momentum is zero and the two momenta stay equal and opposite. We build that frame, reduce the pair to a single relative coordinate carrying the reduced mass $\\mu$, and show that an elastic collision there only rotates one momentum vector while its length holds fixed. Transforming back to the laboratory then handles elastic and inelastic collisions, scattering angles, and reaction thresholds with the same construction — and shows why relative speed, not laboratory kinetic energy, measures what a collision can convert.\n",{"path":11218,"title":11219,"module":11211,"summary":11220},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fmomentum\u002Frocket-propulsion","Rocket Propulsion","A rocket speeds up by throwing mass backward, so its own mass drops as it flies and $\\vec F=m\\vec a$ no longer applies to a fixed body. Tracking the momentum the exhaust carries across the vehicle boundary gives thrust $T=Ru_e$ and, for a force-free burn, the rocket equation $\\Delta v=u_e\\ln(m_i\u002Fm_f)$ — a logarithm that makes large velocity changes expensive in propellant and forces staging. We then add the forces a real ascent cannot ignore, gravity, drag, and steering, and show how thrust and mass-flow records are cross-checked to infer the exhaust speed.\n",{"path":11222,"title":11223,"module":11224,"summary":11225},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Frotation\u002Frotational-inertia","Rotational Inertia","Rotation","Push a wheel and a merry-go-round with the same force and they speed up at wildly different rates: the same mass resists rotation differently depending on where it sits relative to the axis. That single fact is the moment of inertia, $I=\\int r_\\perp^2\\,\\d m$, and this lesson builds it from the ground up. We tie angular motion to linear through $s=r\\theta$, $v=r\\omega$, and $a_t=r\\alpha$, derive $I$ for rods, disks, and spheres, and use the parallel- and perpendicular-axis theorems to move between axes — always naming the axis, because the same body has as many moments of inertia as it has lines to spin about.\n",{"path":11227,"title":11228,"module":11224,"summary":11229},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Frotation\u002Frotational-dynamics","Rotational Dynamics","A force applied to a wheel does nothing unless it acts off the axis: what turns a rigid body is torque, force times lever arm. This lesson makes that precise and turns it into the rotational Newton's second law, $\\sum\\tau=I\\alpha$ about a fixed axis, the exact analogue of $\\sum F=ma$. From there we get rotational work $W=\\int\\tau\\,\\d\\theta$ and power $P=\\tau\\omega$, size a motor to a load, and solve pulleys and Atwood machines where the pulley's own inertia can no longer be ignored — always insisting that every torque be measured about the same axis.\n",{"path":11231,"title":11232,"module":11224,"summary":11233},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Frotation\u002Frolling-motion","Rolling Motion","A rolling wheel is doing two things at once — translating and spinning — but the no-slip condition $v_{cm}=R\\omega$ locks them together, and that single constraint is what makes rolling tractable. We use it to split the kinetic energy into $\\tfrac12Mv_{cm}^2+\\tfrac12I\\omega^2$, find how fast a cylinder reaches the bottom of an incline, and show why the contact point is instantaneously at rest. The static friction that enforces rolling does no work; we track its direction from the tendency to slip, and mark exactly where the model breaks once the required friction exceeds $\\mu_sN$.\n",{"path":11235,"title":11236,"module":11224,"summary":11237},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Frotation\u002Fangular-momentum","Angular Momentum","A skater pulls in her arms and spins faster, with no torque acting: that is angular momentum conservation, and it lets us answer questions that would be hopeless force by force. We build $\\vec L=\\vec r\\times\\vec p$, show it obeys $\\vec\\tau_{ext}=\\d\\vec L\u002F\\d t$, and use its conservation under zero external torque to link before and after in collisions, reconfigurations, and coupled rotors without ever resolving the internal forces. The catch is bookkeeping: the origin, the system boundary, and the frame must be fixed first, and a change in total $\\vec L$ always points to an external impulse someone forgot.\n",{"path":11239,"title":11240,"module":11224,"summary":11241},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Frotation\u002Frolling-resistance","Rolling Resistance","Ideal rolling should coast forever, yet every real wheel slows down. The reason is that a deformable tire and road do not press through a single point: the contact patch spreads, the normal-force resultant shifts ahead of the axle, and that offset is a resisting moment even with no gross sliding. We package it as an equivalent force $F_{rr}=C_{rr}N$, tie the coefficient to load, surface, speed, and temperature, and use coast-down, towing, and traction tests to separate this contact loss from aerodynamic drag, bearing friction, and the adhesion limit where rolling gives way to skidding.\n",{"path":11243,"title":11244,"module":11224,"summary":11245},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Frotation\u002Fgyroscopic-precession","Gyroscopic Precession","A spinning top leans over but does not fall — it swings its axis in a slow horizontal circle instead. The paradox dissolves once torque is read as the rate of change of a vector: gravity's torque is perpendicular to the spin angular momentum, so it turns $\\vec L$ rather than toppling it. We derive the steady precession rate $\\Omega\\simeq Mgr\u002F(I_s\\omega_s)$ in the fast-top limit, state the assumptions it leans on — dominant spin, slow tilt, negligible bearing torque — and read nutation, support motion, and a decaying spin as the ways real gyroscopes depart from it.\n",{"path":11247,"title":11248,"module":11249,"summary":11250},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fgravity-and-matter\u002Fkeplerian-orbits","Keplerian Orbits","Gravitation and Matter","Why do the planets trace ellipses rather than any other curve? Newton's inverse-square law collapses the two-body problem onto a single conic section, and the answer falls out of two conserved quantities: a central force can exert no torque, so angular momentum is fixed, and gravity is conservative, so energy is fixed. We read an orbit's size and shape straight off those invariants, recover all three of Kepler's laws, and derive escape speed, the vis-viva relation, and the timing of a pass. We also mark where the ideal ellipse breaks down — drag, oblateness, and a third body slowly move a real orbit.\n",{"path":11252,"title":11253,"module":11249,"summary":11254},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fgravity-and-matter\u002Fgravitational-fields","Gravitational Fields","Instead of tracking the force between every pair of masses, we attach a field to the source and ask a test mass to read it off locally. That move pays off because gravity is conservative: the field is the gradient of a single scalar potential, and potentials from many sources simply add. We build the field-potential picture, use spherical symmetry and the shell theorem to get the point-mass exterior field and the zero interior field of a shell, and read tides straight out of the field's gradient. Along the way we mark exactly when the constant-$g$ and point-mass shortcuts hold and when a shape correction is needed.\n",{"path":11256,"title":11257,"module":11249,"summary":11258},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fgravity-and-matter\u002Fstatic-equilibrium","Static Equilibrium","What does it take for a loaded structure to stay put? A body at rest needs its forces to cancel and its turning effects to cancel — $\\sum\\vec F=0$ and $\\sum\\vec\\tau=0$ about any point — and almost all of statics is the craft of turning a physical setup into those equations. We build free-body diagrams, replace supports, cables, friction, couples, and distributed loads with their idealized reactions, and locate the centre of gravity that decides whether a body tips. We also count equations against unknowns to separate a determinate problem from one that needs the material's deformation to resolve, and read every negative or inconsistent reaction as a sign that a contact or a boundary was chosen wrong.\n",{"path":11260,"title":11261,"module":11249,"summary":11262},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fgravity-and-matter\u002Ffluid-statics","Fluid Statics","A fluid at rest cannot support a shear, so the only stress it carries is a pressure that must grow with depth to hold up the fluid above it. That single balance, $\\d p\u002F\\d z=-\\rho g$, runs the whole subject: it sets manometer readings, the force on a dam, and — integrated over a submerged boundary — Archimedes' buoyant force $F_B=\\rho g V_{\\rm disp}$. We derive these, use them to decide when a body floats and whether it floats upright, and mark where acceleration, rotation, compressibility, or capillarity forces a richer pressure model.\n",{"path":11264,"title":11265,"module":11249,"summary":11266},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fgravity-and-matter\u002Ffluid-flow","Fluid Flow","Two accounting rules carry most of steady flow: mass cannot pile up, so the same volume crosses every section each second, and mechanical energy is conserved along a streamline when the fluid is ideal. From those we get continuity, Bernoulli's relation between pressure, speed, and height, and the results that follow — Torricelli's efflux speed, the Venturi meter, the Pitot tube. We then let go of the ideal assumptions one at a time: viscosity adds wall shear and head loss, Reynolds number decides laminar versus turbulent, and Mach number marks where a gas stops behaving as incompressible.\n",{"path":11268,"title":11269,"module":11249,"summary":11270},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fgravity-and-matter\u002Forbital-motion","Orbital Motion","A circular orbit is nothing but free fall with enough sideways speed to keep missing the ground, and setting gravity equal to the centripetal requirement fixes that speed and the period once and for all. From the same energy bookkeeping we read off escape speed, sort orbits into bound, parabolic, and hyperbolic by the sign of their specific energy, and see why a tangential burn is the efficient way to change an orbit. We build the Hohmann transfer and its launch window, work the numbers for a geostationary orbit and an escape burn, and mark where finite thrust, perturbations, and an uncertain initial state pull a real trajectory off the ideal.\n",{"path":11272,"title":11273,"module":11249,"summary":11274},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fgravity-and-matter\u002Fstress-and-elasticity","Stress and Elasticity","Rigid bodies are a fiction; every real material stretches, shears, or squeezes under load, and the useful question is how much. We define stress as force per area and strain as fractional deformation, then find that for small deformations the two are simply proportional — Hooke's law — with Young's, shear, and bulk moduli as the constants for stretch, twist, and volume change. From these we compute extensions, torsional twist, and stored elastic energy, and read a tensile curve for the yield, ultimate, and fracture points where linear elasticity ends. We also mark the practical limits: stress concentrations, fatigue, and the multiaxial states a single uniaxial modulus cannot capture.\n",{"path":11276,"title":11277,"module":11278,"summary":11279},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fdamped-oscillators","Damped Oscillators","Oscillations and Waves","Every real oscillator eventually stops: friction, drag, and internal loss drain its energy, so free motion is a decay rather than a permanent swing. Adding a velocity-proportional resistance to the spring-mass equation produces one dimensionless number, $b\u002F(2\\sqrt{mk})$, that decides whether the mass rings down through many cycles, returns once without overshoot, or crawls back slowly. We solve the three regimes, tie the observed decay to the power balance $b\\dot x^2$, and turn a measured ring-down into the decay rate and quality factor of the apparatus — reading damping off the data instead of assuming it.\n",{"path":11281,"title":11282,"module":11278,"summary":11283},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Ftravelling-waves","Travelling Waves","A wave carries a shape, not the material: each element of a rope or air column oscillates in place while the disturbance travels through it. Writing that shape as $f(x\\mp vt)$ turns \"the pattern moves\" into a statement about the cosine's argument, and a local force balance on one string segment fixes the speed at $v=\\sqrt{T\u002F\\mu}$ — restoring stiffness over inertia, with amplitude nowhere in it. We build the sinusoidal wave and its phase, derive the wave equation from Newton's second law, and follow the energy a travelling wave transports, then check speed and power against those predictions.\n",{"path":11285,"title":11286,"module":11278,"summary":11287},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fwave-superposition","Wave Superposition","When two waves cross the same point, what does a probe read? In a linear medium the answer is arithmetic: the displacements add, $y=y_1+y_2$, and the pulses pass through each other unchanged. That one rule produces interference — reinforcement where the signs agree, cancellation where they oppose — and it guards against a common mistake, since displacement can vanish at an instant while the energy sits in transverse motion instead. We work out the signed sum, the phase bookkeeping for equal-frequency components, and why a null in the record is not a null in the wave.\n",{"path":11289,"title":11290,"module":11278,"summary":11291},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fstanding-waves","Standing Waves","Clamp a string at both ends and only certain frequencies survive: the ends must be nodes, and that single geometric demand quantizes the wave into a discrete set of modes $f_n=nv\u002F(2L)$. The travelling wave becomes a fixed pattern of nodes and antinodes — standing, not moving — because equal waves running in opposite directions superpose. We build the standing wave from its counter-propagating pieces, read the harmonic sequence off the boundary conditions (half-wavelengths for a fixed-fixed string, odd quarter-wavelengths for a closed pipe), and test the ideal model against node scans and resonance peaks.\n",{"path":11293,"title":11294,"module":11278,"summary":11295},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fsound-waves","Sound Waves","Sound is a pressure wave so small that a loud tone displaces air molecules by less than the width of an atom, yet a microphone reads it easily — because pressure, not displacement, is what the ear and the instrument sense. The acoustic impedance $Z=\\rho c$ ties pressure, density, and particle velocity together, fixes the intensity a wave carries, and sets the reference for the decibel, a logarithm that tames a $10^{12}$ range in power. We derive the sound speed from the gas's stiffness, convert between pressure and intensity levels, and treat the measurement itself — calibration, geometry, background, averaging — as part of the physics.\n",{"path":11297,"title":11298,"module":11278,"summary":11299},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fdoppler-effect","Doppler Effect","A passing siren drops in pitch not because the source changes but because motion repacks the wavefronts: an approaching source crowds its crests, a receding one stretches them, and a moving listener samples them at a different rate. For mechanical waves every velocity is measured against the medium, and one signed ratio $f_r=f_s(v-u_r)\u002F(v-u_s)$ captures both effects at once. We separate source motion, which sets crest spacing, from receiver motion, which sets arrival rate, invert the shift to recover radial velocity, and mark where the model breaks — supersonic sources, moving air, and reflected paths that carry two shifts, not one.\n",{"path":11301,"title":11302,"module":11278,"summary":11303},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fwave-packets","Wave Packets","No real signal is a single frequency: a disturbance that starts and stops is built from a band of wave numbers, and the width of that band is what makes it local. We ask how such a packet moves — carrier crests at the phase velocity $v_\\mathrm p=\\omega\u002Fk$, the envelope at the group velocity $v_\\mathrm g=\\d\\omega\u002F\\d k$ — and why the two differ once a medium is dispersive. Curvature $\\d^2\\omega\u002F\\d k^2$ spreads and chirps the packet as it travels, and the Fourier reciprocity that ties bandwidth to duration explains why a finite record, aliasing, or a coarse probe can imitate that spreading unless the sampling limits are respected.\n",{"path":11305,"title":11306,"module":11278,"summary":11307},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fbeats-and-coupling","Beats and Coupling","Add two tones a few hertz apart and the sum swells and fades at their difference frequency — a beat — though neither source is changing. We work out that envelope, then ask the mechanical version of the same question: join two oscillators and a single resonance splits into normal modes, with energy sloshing between the coordinates at their frequency difference. The lesson identifies when a slow amplitude envelope signals genuine coupling rather than two independent sources, drift, or deliberate modulation, reading it from envelope timing, spectral sidebands, and the mode shapes.\n",{"path":11309,"title":11310,"module":11278,"summary":11311},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fsimple-harmonic-motion","Simple Harmonic Motion","Any system pushed back toward equilibrium by a force proportional to its displacement obeys one equation, $\\ddot x+\\omega_0^2x=0$, and so moves sinusoidally at $\\omega_0=\\sqrt{k\u002Fm}$ whatever the amplitude. We derive that motion, follow its energy $E=mv^2\u002F2+kx^2\u002F2$ trading between kinetic and potential form at constant total, and read the elliptical phase-space orbit Hooke's law implies. Period, amplitude, velocity, and acceleration then supply redundant checks: an amplitude-dependent period or a curved force residual is the signature that the linear model has failed, and mass-loading and offset tests separate a calibration error from a real frequency shift.\n",{"path":11313,"title":11314,"module":11278,"summary":11315},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fpendulum-motion","Pendulum Motion","A pendulum keeps time only because, for small swings, gravity supplies a restoring torque proportional to the angle — and $T=2\\pi\\sqrt{L\u002Fg}$ then follows without the mass appearing at all. We derive that result, mark exactly which assumptions carry it (small angle, negligible pivot loss, a rigid support), then relax them: finite amplitude lengthens the period through an elliptic integral, and an extended body replaces $L$ with the ratio of its moment of inertia to its center-of-mass distance. How the period drifts with amplitude or pivot position is what diagnoses the geometric, damping, and distributed-mass corrections.\n",{"path":11317,"title":11318,"module":11278,"summary":11319},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fdriven-oscillators","Driven Oscillators","Drive a damped oscillator at a frequency you control and it eventually forgets its own: $m\\ddot x+b\\dot x+kx=F_0\\cos\\omega t$ settles into a steady response whose amplitude and phase depend sharply on how close the drive sits to resonance. We solve for that response, show how damping alone fixes the resonance width, the peak power, and the settling time, and treat base excitation as the same problem with a different input. The steady-state formulas hold only for constant $m$, $b$, and $k$; level-dependent peaks or hysteresis between up- and down-sweeps are how nonlinearity or an extra mode announces itself.\n",{"path":11321,"title":11322,"module":11278,"summary":11323},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Foscillations-waves\u002Fwave-boundaries","Wave Boundaries","A pulse traveling along a string does something abrupt where the string's properties change: part reflects, part transmits, and which is which is set by the impedance mismatch alone. We impose continuity of displacement and transverse force at the join to get the reflection and transmission coefficients in terms of $Z=\\sqrt{T\\mu}$, fix their signs and the polarity flip, and balance the energy. The clean result assumes linear, nondispersive segments meeting at a localized join; pulse polarity, return timing, and energy ratios are the measurements that expose a real connector's mass, loss, or distributed transition.\n",{"path":11325,"title":11326,"module":11327,"summary":11328},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fkinetic-theory-of-ideal-gases","Kinetic Theory of Ideal Gases","Thermodynamics","A gas has no springs and no gears, yet it pushes on its container with a definite pressure and stores energy in a lawful way. Kinetic theory explains both from the motion of the molecules alone: pressure is the accumulated recoil of countless elastic impacts, and temperature is the average translational kinetic energy each molecule carries. We derive $pV=\\tfrac13Nm\\overline{v^2}$ from momentum transfer, read off $\\overline{K}_{\\rm tr}=\\tfrac32kT$, and use the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution to separate the most probable, mean, and rms speeds — each the right average for a different question — while marking where the dilute, classical assumptions stop holding.\n",{"path":11330,"title":11331,"module":11327,"summary":11332},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Ffirst-law-of-thermodynamics","First Law of Thermodynamics","Heat a gas and it may warm, expand, or both; compress it and the same energy can reappear as a temperature rise. The first law settles the bookkeeping: internal energy is a state property whose change equals the heat added plus the work done on the system, $\\Delta E_{\\rm int}=Q_{\\rm in}+W_{\\rm on}$. We fix a system boundary and one sign convention, compute boundary work as $\\int p\\,\\d V$ along a path, and use calorimetry to measure heat and heat capacities. The recurring point is that heat and work are path-dependent transfers while their sum is not, so an energy ledger closes only once every boundary crossing is named.\n",{"path":11334,"title":11335,"module":11327,"summary":11336},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fentropy-and-the-second-law","Entropy and the Second Law","The first law lets energy flow either way; it never says which way heat actually goes. The second law supplies the missing arrow. Entropy, defined through the reversible transfer $\\d S=\\delta Q_{\\rm rev}\u002FT$, can only increase in an isolated system, and that single inequality fixes the direction of heat flow and caps every engine, refrigerator, and heat pump at its Carnot value. We build entropy ledgers for reservoirs and working substances, separate the entropy carried by heat from the entropy generated by irreversibility, and read the sign of the total as a hard check on any proposed thermal machine.\n",{"path":11338,"title":11339,"module":11327,"summary":11340},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fthermal-processes","Thermal Processes","Heat rarely sits still: it stretches solids, pushes real gases off their ideal isotherms, and leaks across walls by conduction, convection, and radiation. Each behavior becomes a number a designer can use. Thermal expansion sets the gaps in a bridge and the stress in a clamped rod; the van der Waals equation and a phase diagram fix when $pV=nRT$ or a latent-heat term applies; Fourier's law, Newton cooling, and Stefan–Boltzmann radiation give the rate of heat flow. We assemble these into thermal-resistance networks and transient time constants, then mark where contact resistance, phase change, or a hidden thermal bridge breaks the simple model.\n",{"path":11342,"title":11343,"module":11327,"summary":11344},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fphase-changes","Phase Changes","Add heat to ice and its temperature climbs — until it reaches $0\\ ^\\circ\\mathrm C$, where the thermometer stalls while the ice melts. That plateau is the whole subject: at a phase boundary the energy rearranges molecules, $Q=mL$, instead of raising temperature, which resumes only once one phase is gone. We stage a heating path into sensible-heat legs ($Q=mc\\Delta T$) and latent plateaus, use the Clausius–Clapeyron relation to track how a boiling point moves with pressure, and solve calorimetry by testing each coexistence endpoint — so a melt fraction that lands outside $[0,1]$ flags a wrong final-state guess rather than a real state.\n",{"path":11346,"title":11347,"module":11327,"summary":11348},"\u002Fmechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fthermal-machines","Thermal Machines","An engine, a refrigerator, and a heat pump are one machine read three ways: each shuttles heat between a hot and a cold reservoir while trading work at the boundary, and only the flow you call useful separates them. A heat engine turns part of $Q_h$ into work, $W=Q_h-Q_c$; a refrigerator spends work to pull $Q_c$ from the cold side; a heat pump counts the warm-side delivery instead. We measure each with its own ratio — efficiency or coefficient of performance — bound them all by the Carnot limit that reservoir temperatures alone set, and track how finite temperature differences, throttling, and friction generate entropy and pull real machines below that bound.\n",{"path":11350,"title":11351,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Fmechanics","Mechanics & Dynamics",{"path":11353,"title":11354,"module":11355,"summary":11356},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-fields\u002Fcharge-and-conductors","Charge and Conductors","Electric Fields","Rub two objects together and one pulls electrons from the other; nothing is created, only moved. We define what electric charge is — conserved, additive, and quantized in units of $e$ — and why a conductor's mobile carriers rearrange until its interior field vanishes and its surface sits at one potential. We follow charge through contact, induction, and grounding, treat the field-free cavity that turns a conductor into a shield, and mark where finite conductivity and leakage set the limits of the electrostatic picture.\n",{"path":11358,"title":11359,"module":11355,"summary":11360},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-fields\u002Fcoulombs-law","Coulomb's Law","Two charges at rest push or pull along the line joining them, and the whole of electrostatics is assembled by adding up such pairs. We measure that force — its inverse-square falloff, its linear dependence on each charge, the sign that says attract or repel — and write it as a vector so direction survives superposition. We work the magnitude and component forms on real numbers, check them against limiting cases and dimensions, and fix the point-charge approximation to source sizes small against every separation.\n",{"path":11362,"title":11363,"module":11355,"summary":11364},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-fields\u002Felectric-field-and-force","Electric Field and Force","Rather than ask how one charge reaches across empty space to another, we credit the source with a field that fills the space and let a second charge respond to whatever field sits at its own location. Electric field is force per unit positive test charge, $\\vec E=kq\\hat r\u002Fr^2$ for a point source, and source fields add before any receiving charge is placed. We compute those fields and the force $\\vec F=q\\vec E$ they exert, then follow a charge along its parabolic path through a uniform field and into nonuniform fields where the dynamics turn position-dependent.\n",{"path":11366,"title":11367,"module":11355,"summary":11368},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-fields\u002Felectric-field-maps","Electric Field Maps","A field is a vector at every point of space, and the quickest way to grasp one is to draw it. We build the two standard pictures — continuous field lines tangent to $\\vec E$, and scaled vector arrows — and read direction, magnitude, and the location of nulls straight off them. We fix what a line drawing can and cannot say: density encodes magnitude only under a stated seeding rule, and integral curves never cross at a regular point. From there we work the topology near sources, sinks, and conductor surfaces, and state the step-size and interpolation checks a numerical map must pass.\n",{"path":11370,"title":11371,"module":11355,"summary":11372},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-fields\u002Felectric-dipoles","Electric Dipoles","Most neutral matter carries no net charge yet still responds to an electric field, because its positive and negative charge sit slightly apart. That separation is a dipole, moment $\\vec p=q\\vec d$ pointing from the negative to the positive charge, and it is the leading term in how any neutral distribution looks from far away. We derive the torque $\\vec p\\times\\vec E$ and energy $-\\vec p\\cdot\\vec E$ a uniform field imposes, the net force a field gradient adds, and the axial and equatorial $1\u002Fr^3$ fields the pair produces, then measure how far out the point-dipole approximation still holds.\n",{"path":11374,"title":11375,"module":11376,"summary":11377},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fcontinuous-charge-distributions\u002Fcontinuous-charge-fields","Continuous Charge Fields","Continuous Charge Distributions","A charged rod, ring, or disk is not a point, yet its field is still nothing but Coulomb's law added up over the charge it carries. We replace the discrete sum by an integral, with $\\d q=\\lambda\\d\\ell$, $\\sigma\\d A$, or $\\rho\\d V$, so the real work becomes geometry: writing the vector from each source element to the field point, and letting symmetry cancel the components that must cancel before any integral is attempted. We carry the line, ring, and disk fields through in full, then check each result against its near field, its far field, and its dimensions.\n",{"path":11379,"title":11380,"module":11376,"summary":11381},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fcontinuous-charge-distributions\u002Fgauss-law-and-conductors","Gauss's Law and Conductors","Adding up Coulomb's law over a whole distribution is laborious; Gauss's law trades that sum for a single statement, that the flux of $\\vec E$ out of any closed surface counts the charge inside, $\\oint\\vec E\\cdot\\d\\vec A=Q_{\\rm enc}\u002F\\varepsilon_0$. The law is always true, but it hands over the field only when the source is symmetric enough to pull $E$ outside the integral. We apply it to spheres, lines, and sheets, then turn it on conductors, where the zero interior field drives every excess charge to the surface and fixes the normal-field jump $\\sigma\u002F\\varepsilon_0$, the charge induced on a cavity wall, and electrostatic shielding.\n",{"path":11383,"title":11384,"module":11385,"summary":11386},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-potential\u002Fpoint-charge-potential","Point-Charge Potential","Electric Potential","The electrostatic force is conservative, so the work it does between two points\ndepends only on the endpoints. That lets us trade the vector field for a single\nscalar attached to each point, the electric potential, the potential energy a unit\ncharge would have there. We build potential from the work integral, fix the usual\nreference at infinity, and add point sources as scalars, $V=k\\sum_i q_i\u002Fr_i$,\navoiding the vector bookkeeping the field demands. Signed charges, the reference\nchoice, equipotential motion, and far-field expansions each give an independent\ncheck on a result.\n",{"path":11388,"title":11389,"module":11385,"summary":11390},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-potential\u002Fpotential-gradients-and-equipotentials","Potential Gradients and Equipotentials","Given the potential everywhere, how do we recover the field? The field is the\nnegative gradient, $\\vec E=-\\nabla V$: it points down the steepest local drop in\npotential, and its magnitude is set by how fast $V$ changes, not by the shape of a\ncontour. We read off components with directional derivatives, reconstruct fields\nfrom measured potential grids using centered differences, and use closed-loop\nintegrals and grid refinement to test whether a reconstructed field is physically\nconsistent.\n",{"path":11392,"title":11393,"module":11385,"summary":11394},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-potential\u002Felectrostatic-energy-and-pressure","Electrostatic Energy and Pressure","Assembling a charge configuration takes work, and that work is stored, but where\nis it kept and how much is there? We total it two ways: as a sum over the charges,\n$U=\\tfrac12\\sum_i q_iV_i$, and as an integral over the field itself,\n$u_E=\\tfrac12\\varepsilon_0E^2$, energy the field carries in every region it fills.\nDifferentiating the stored energy at fixed charge or at fixed voltage recovers the\nmechanical force on a conductor, and at a charged surface the same field scale\nappears as an outward electrostatic pressure. We work the parallel-plate case in\nfull and mark where curvature and fringing make the pressure nonuniform.\n",{"path":11396,"title":11397,"module":11385,"summary":11398},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-potential\u002Flaplace-boundary-problems","Laplace Boundary Problems","Often the charges are not given, only the conductors and the voltages held on\nthem, and the potential in the empty space between has to be found. There $V$ obeys\nLaplace's equation $\\nabla^2V=0$, and the boundary data alone determine a unique solution.\nWe solve it two ways: separation of variables into boundary-matched modes, whose\nhigher spatial frequencies die away with depth into the domain, and finite-difference\nrelaxation for boundaries no analytic mode fits. Residual norms, boundary error, and\nflux balance tell us when the computed potential and its field can be trusted.\n",{"path":11400,"title":11401,"module":11385,"summary":11402},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectric-potential\u002Fcontinuous-charge-potentials","Continuous Charge Potentials","When charge is spread over a line, a surface, or a volume, the sum over point\nsources becomes an integral, $V(\\vec r)=k\\int \\d q\u002F|\\vec r-\\vec r'|$. Because\npotential is a scalar, this integral sidesteps the component algebra the field\nwould force, until the field is actually wanted through $\\vec E=-\\nabla V$. We set\nup the right density element for each geometry, choose a workable reference, handle\nthe integrable singularities that arise when the observation point sits on the\ncharge, and check every result against symmetry, dimensions, and the far-field\nmultipole limit.\n",{"path":11404,"title":11405,"module":11406,"summary":11407},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fcapacitance\u002Fcapacitance-fundamentals","Capacitance Fundamentals","Capacitance","How much charge must you separate onto two conductors to hold a given voltage between\nthem? That ratio, $C=Q\u002F\\Delta V$, is fixed by the conductor geometry and the medium,\nnot by how much charge is presently stored. We compute it from the field for the\nparallel-plate, isolated-sphere, concentric-sphere, and coaxial geometries, trace how\nsurface charge and boundary conditions set each result, and see where fringing,\nguarding, and stray coupling separate the ideal formula from what a bridge measures.\n",{"path":11409,"title":11410,"module":11406,"summary":11411},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fcapacitance\u002Fcapacitor-networks","Capacitor Networks","Wire several capacitors together and the source sees one equivalent capacitance — but\nwhich? The answer comes not from how the symbols are drawn but from which conductors\nshare a node: parallel branches hold a common voltage and add, $C_{\\rm eq}=\\sum_iC_i$,\nwhile series branches share a common charge and add reciprocally. We derive both rules\nfrom charge conservation on the floating internal node, then extend the node-charge\nmethod to unequal, precharged, and stray-coupled branches and carry a worked reduction\nthrough to the charge and voltage on every element.\n",{"path":11413,"title":11414,"module":11406,"summary":11415},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fcapacitance\u002Fcapacitor-energy-and-force","Capacitor Energy and Force","Charging a capacitor takes work, because every increment of charge is pushed through\nthe voltage the earlier charge already established. We total that work three\nequivalent ways, $U=Q^2\u002F(2C)=Q\\Delta V\u002F2=C(\\Delta V)^2\u002F2$, locate it in the field as\na density $u=\\tfrac12\\epsilon_0E^2$, then let the plates move. Differentiating the\nstored energy at fixed charge, or the coenergy at fixed voltage, gives the mechanical\nforce; the two boundaries differ only by the work the source supplies. We work the\nparallel-plate attraction and its electrostatic pressure in full, and follow the same\ngradient into pull-in, tilt, comb drives, and traceable force calibration.\n",{"path":11417,"title":11418,"module":11406,"summary":11419},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fcapacitance\u002Fdielectric-polarization-and-breakdown","Dielectric Polarization and Breakdown","Slide a dielectric between the plates and the capacitance rises — but why, and how\nhard can you drive it before the insulator fails? Bound charge answers the first:\npolarization $\\vec P$ sets up surface and volume charge that partly cancels the\napplied field, so $\\vec D=\\varepsilon_0\\vec E+\\vec P$ separates what the circuit\ncontrols from what the material contributes. We follow the field across layered\ndielectrics and interfaces, tie permittivity and loss to their frequency dependence,\nand treat dielectric strength as a measured, geometry-dependent limit rather than one\nmaterial number.\n",{"path":11421,"title":11422,"module":11423,"summary":11424},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fdirect-current-circuits\u002Fcurrent-and-resistance","Current and Resistance","Direct-Current Circuits","What does it mean, physically, for charge to flow, and what sets how hard a wire resists that flow? Current counts charge crossing a surface, $I=\\int\\vec J\\cdot\\d\\vec A$, and traces back to a slow drift of many carriers, $\\vec J=nq\\vec v_d$. We establish when the linear law $V=IR$ actually holds, how resistivity and geometry combine into bulk resistance, why real sources sag under load through their internal resistance, and how the three power forms $P=IV=I^2R=V^2\u002FR$ tie electrical work to heating and component ratings.\n",{"path":11426,"title":11427,"module":11423,"summary":11428},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fdirect-current-circuits\u002Fkirchhoff-network-analysis","Kirchhoff Network Analysis","Once a circuit has more than one loop, no amount of series-parallel folding will reduce it — you need the two conservation laws written as equations. Kirchhoff's junction law is charge conservation at a node; his loop law is energy conservation around a closed path. We turn a labelled network into a linear system in node voltages or mesh currents, fix the sign conventions so a negative answer just means a reversed arrow, and use power balance as an independent check that the algebra describes the circuit that was actually built.\n",{"path":11430,"title":11431,"module":11423,"summary":11432},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fdirect-current-circuits\u002Frc-transients","RC Transients","How does a circuit get from one steady state to the next when a capacitor refuses to change its voltage all at once? Because a jump would demand infinite current, an RC circuit slides between states exponentially, with a single time constant $\\tau=RC$ that sets the whole schedule: charging fills as $1-e^{-t\u002F\\tau}$, discharge empties as $e^{-t\u002F\\tau}$. We solve the first-order loop equation, read the response off three numbers — the switch-instant voltage, the final dc voltage, and the Thevenin resistance the capacitor sees — and mark where source and probe resistance shift $\\tau$ or where a second storage element hides a mode a one-$\\tau$ fit misses.\n",{"path":11434,"title":11435,"module":11436,"summary":11437},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-field\u002Fmagnetic-trajectories","Magnetic Trajectories","Magnetic Field","A charged particle in a magnetic field never speeds up or slows down, yet its path curves relentlessly. We work out why: the magnetic force is always perpendicular to velocity, so it does no work and bends the transverse motion into a circle of radius $r=mv_\\perp\u002F(|q|B)$ while leaving the parallel motion untouched, producing a helix. We derive the cyclotron frequency, show why it is independent of speed until relativity intervenes, and turn the geometry around: a measured curvature reads back a particle's momentum, which is how tracking detectors weigh what they cannot see.\n",{"path":11439,"title":11440,"module":11436,"summary":11441},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-field\u002Fhall-effect","Hall Effect","Current tells you charge is moving, but not whether the movers are positive or negative, nor how many there are. A magnetic field settles both questions. Push current through a strip in a transverse field and the carriers pile up on one edge until a transverse electric field just balances the magnetic deflection; the sign of the resulting Hall voltage names the carrier's charge and its size counts the carriers per volume. We derive the balance $q\\vec E+q\\vec v_d\\times\\vec B=0$, read off $V_H=IB\u002F(nqt)$, and see why field-and-current reversal is what separates the real Hall signal from the offsets that mimic it.\n",{"path":11443,"title":11444,"module":11436,"summary":11445},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-field\u002Fmagnetic-force-on-conductors","Magnetic Force on Conductors","A magnet pushes on a current-carrying wire even though the wire is electrically neutral. The reason is that each moving carrier feels the Lorentz force, and those microscopic pushes add up to a force the wire's supports must hold. We sum them into $\\d\\vec F=I\\,\\d\\vec\\ell\\times\\vec B$, collapse it to $\\vec F=I\\vec L\\times\\vec B$ for a straight segment in a uniform field, and see exactly when that shortcut fails and the full path integral is needed. The same law runs backward as a measurement: a force-versus-current slope weighs a magnetic field against a known length.\n",{"path":11447,"title":11448,"module":11436,"summary":11449},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-field\u002Fmagnetic-dipoles","Magnetic Dipoles","A compass needle turns to point north; a current loop in a field does the same thing, and for the same reason. Both are magnetic dipoles, and a uniform field cannot push a dipole anywhere, only twist it. We package a loop's response into one vector, the magnetic moment $\\vec\\mu=IA\\hat n$, from which torque $\\vec\\tau=\\vec\\mu\\times\\vec B$ and orientation energy $U=-\\vec\\mu\\cdot\\vec B$ both follow. Stable alignment sits at the energy minimum, a field gradient is what it takes to produce a net force $\\vec F=\\nabla(\\vec\\mu\\cdot\\vec B)$, and the same moment reappears whenever anything from an electron to a planet acts magnetic.\n",{"path":11451,"title":11452,"module":11436,"summary":11453},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-field\u002Fmass-spectrometry","Mass Spectrometry","To weigh a single atom you cannot use a scale, so you use a magnetic field instead. A charged ion of unknown mass bends in a field by an amount that depends on its momentum and charge, so if every ion enters with the same velocity, its landing position reads off its mass-to-charge ratio directly. We build the instrument in two stages: crossed electric and magnetic fields that pass only ions with $v=E\u002FB$, and a magnetic sector that bends the survivors along $r=mv\u002F(|q|B)$. Then we ask what blurs a spectral line and how reference ions turn a position into a calibrated mass.\n",{"path":11455,"title":11456,"module":11457,"summary":11458},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-sources\u002Fmoving-charge-fields","Moving-Charge Fields","Magnetic Sources","Every magnetic field comes from charge in motion, and the simplest source is a single point charge drifting past. We work out the field it produces — normal to both the velocity and the line of sight, falling off as the inverse square — and read off why it vanishes straight ahead of the charge and peaks broadside. Summing many such charges is the bridge to steady currents, valid while speeds stay far below $c$ and the motion changes little during the time its field takes to propagate outward.\n",{"path":11460,"title":11461,"module":11457,"summary":11462},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-sources\u002Fbiot-savart-law","Biot–Savart Law","A steady current is a continuous stream of current elements, and the Biot–Savart law hands each one a magnetic contribution — a right-hand cross product that falls off as the inverse square of distance. Summing the contributions along a conductor is a vector line integral, which we carry out for the straight wire to get the endpoint-angle formula. The infinite-wire field $B=\\mu_0 I\u002F2\\pi s$ falls out as the limit where both ends recede, and we mark how fast a finite wire departs from it and when a thin-filament model is safe.\n",{"path":11464,"title":11465,"module":11457,"summary":11466},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-sources\u002Fcircular-current-loops","Circular Current Loops","A ring of current is the simplest source with a well-defined magnetic axis, and it is the building block of every coil and electromagnet. Symmetry kills the transverse Biot–Savart contributions along that axis and leaves a single clean integral; we evaluate it to get $B_z=\\mu_0 I R^2\u002F[2(R^2+z^2)^{3\u002F2}]$, read off the centre field $\\mu_0 I\u002F2R$, and watch it fall into the $1\u002Fz^3$ tail of a magnetic dipole far away. Stacking turns just adds their axial contributions, which is what makes a solenoid out of a pile of loops.\n",{"path":11468,"title":11469,"module":11457,"summary":11470},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-sources\u002Famperes-law","Ampère’s Law","When a current arrangement is symmetric enough, the Biot–Savart integral is overkill: Ampère's law, $\\oint_C\\vec B\\cdot\\d\\vec\\ell=\\mu_0 I_{\\rm enc}$, gets the field from a single line of reasoning about how much current a loop encloses. We see why the law holds for any steady current, then use cylindrical, planar, and toroidal symmetry to turn the circulation into simple algebra — the field inside and outside a wire, an infinite sheet, a solenoid, and a toroid. We also mark the catch: without symmetry the law still holds but no longer hands you the field pointwise.\n",{"path":11472,"title":11473,"module":11457,"summary":11474},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-sources\u002Fgauss-law-for-magnetism","Gauss’s Law for Magnetism","Electric field lines start and end on charges; magnetic field lines do neither, because no one has ever found an isolated magnetic pole. That single experimental fact is Gauss's law for magnetism: the flux of $\\vec B$ through any closed surface is zero, $\\oint\\vec B\\cdot\\d\\vec A=0$, or in differential form $\\nabla\\cdot\\vec B=0$. We work through what it says — every field line that enters a closed surface must leave it, so field lines close on themselves — and, just as important, what it does not say, since flux through an open surface is generally nonzero.\n",{"path":11476,"title":11477,"module":11457,"summary":11478},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmagnetic-sources\u002Fmagnetic-materials","Magnetic Materials","Put matter in a magnetic field and its atoms respond, each acting as a tiny current loop; the aligned moments per unit volume are the magnetization $\\vec M$, whose bound currents add to the field. Separating what we control (the free current) from what the material supplies leads to $\\vec H$ and the relation $\\vec B=\\mu_0(\\vec H+\\vec M)$. We sort materials into diamagnets, paramagnets, and ferromagnets by how $\\vec M$ answers, follow a ferromagnet around its hysteresis loop, and see why the loop's area is the energy dissipated per cycle and why a sample's shape changes the field it actually feels.\n",{"path":11480,"title":11481,"module":11482,"summary":11483},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectromagnetic-induction\u002Fmagnetic-flux","Magnetic Flux","Electromagnetic Induction","A magnetic field threading a loop collapses to one signed number, the flux, and every induced voltage in this module turns out to be a rate of change of that number — so defining the flux and its sign comes first. We define it as the surface integral of $\\vec B$ over an oriented surface, reduce it to $BA\\cos\\theta$ for a uniform field on a flat loop, and carry the flux linkage $N\\Phi_B$ of a coil. The chosen normal fixes the sign; reversing it flips the sign without touching the field. Nonuniform fields and curved surfaces force the integral, so we also build the numerical estimate and the checks that separate a reliable value from a nominal field-times-area product.\n",{"path":11485,"title":11486,"module":11482,"summary":11487},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectromagnetic-induction\u002Ffaradays-law","Faraday's Law","Move a magnet toward a coil, or ramp the current in a nearby circuit, and a voltage appears with no battery in sight. Faraday's law names the cause: the emf around a loop equals minus the rate of change of the magnetic flux through it, so any change of field, area, orientation, or position that alters the flux drives an emf. We separate the emf, which lives around the boundary whether or not current can flow, from the current that follows only when the path is closed; fix the single sign convention that ties flux to loop orientation; and read the emf off rotating coils and off flux sampled at discrete times.\n",{"path":11489,"title":11490,"module":11482,"summary":11491},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectromagnetic-induction\u002Flenzs-law","Lenz's Law","The minus sign in Faraday's law is not decoration: it decides which way the induced current flows, and it always chooses the direction that fights the change that produced it. Lenz's law reads that sign off energy conservation — a current that aided the change would be free energy — and turns it into a repeatable procedure. We fix a surface normal and a positive loop direction so the sign is calculable, then work through approaching magnets, expanding loops, coupled coils, and rotating generators, using mechanical work and Joule heating as an independent check on every direction we draw.\n",{"path":11493,"title":11494,"module":11482,"summary":11495},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectromagnetic-induction\u002Fmotional-emf","Motional EMF","Push a wire through a magnetic field and its free charges feel a sideways magnetic force that piles them up at the ends — a battery made of motion. Motional emf is that effect: the work per unit charge a moving conductor supplies is the line integral of $\\vec v\\times\\vec B$ along it, which for a rod moving perpendicular to both its length and the field collapses to $B\\ell v$. We chase where the energy comes from — the hand or motor fighting the magnetic drag, never the magnetic force itself — solve the sliding-rail circuit from both flux and carrier forces, and carry the idea into rotating rods, homopolar disks, generators, and the back emf of a motor.\n",{"path":11497,"title":11498,"module":11482,"summary":11499},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectromagnetic-induction\u002Feddy-currents","Eddy Currents","A wire carries current along one path; a solid block of metal offers a continuum of them, and any changing flux threading that block sets charge circulating in closed loops it chooses for itself. We ask what those eddy currents do — where they heat, where they drag, and how Lenz's law fixes their direction — and why the same circulation is a feature in an induction furnace and a loss to be suppressed in a transformer core. From a representative-loop estimate we get the scaling (heating grows with the square of frequency and flux rate) and the two design levers, lamination and resistivity, that break the paths a solid conductor would otherwise hand the current.\n",{"path":11501,"title":11502,"module":11482,"summary":11503},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectromagnetic-induction\u002Fself-inductance","Self-Inductance","A coil resists changes to its own current. Drive current through it and the flux it produces threads its own turns; change that current and Faraday's law turns the coil against the source with a back emf $\\mathcal E_L=-L\\,\\d I\u002F\\d t$. We define self-inductance as the flux linkage per ampere fixed by winding and core geometry, derive the long-solenoid value $L=\\mu_0 N^2A\u002F\\ell$, and follow the consequence that dominates circuits: because a finite voltage can only sustain a finite $\\d I\u002F\\d t$, an inductor's current cannot jump — which is why opening a switch on a live coil throws a spark.\n",{"path":11505,"title":11506,"module":11482,"summary":11507},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectromagnetic-induction\u002Fmagnetic-energy","Magnetic Energy","Building current in a coil means working against its back emf, and that work does not vanish — it sits in the magnetic field as recoverable energy $U_B=\\tfrac12LI^2$, spread through space at density $u_B=B^2\u002F(2\\mu_0)$. We derive both forms, show they agree for a solenoid, and read a force out of the same energy: an armature is pulled toward higher inductance, and $B^2\u002F(2\\mu_0)$ doubles as a magnetic pressure. The lesson closes on the accounting a real switching event demands, where recoverable energy, copper heating, core loss, and clamp dissipation must balance a single ledger.\n",{"path":11509,"title":11510,"module":11482,"summary":11511},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Felectromagnetic-induction\u002Frl-circuits","RL Circuits","Put a resistor and an inductor in series and the current cannot switch on or off at will: it climbs to $V_0\u002FR$ and falls away exponentially on a single time scale $\\tau=L\u002FR$ set by how much flux the coil hoards against how fast the resistor bleeds it. We solve the turn-on and turn-off, then confront the practical sting — because the coil's current refuses to stop instantly, breaking its path throws up a large voltage, which is why real inductive circuits carry freewheel diodes and clamps that trade voltage stress against how quickly the current dies.\n",{"path":11513,"title":11514,"module":11515,"summary":11516},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Falternating-current\u002Fac-fundamentals","AC Fundamentals","Alternating Current","A wall socket delivers a voltage that averages to zero over each cycle, yet it still heats a filament and runs a motor. The resolution is that dissipation follows the mean of the square, not the mean, so we define the root-mean-square value that makes an alternating source the equal of a DC one for resistive heating. We show a sinusoid's RMS is its peak divided by $\\sqrt2$, work out the average power an ideal resistor draws when its current stays in phase with the applied voltage, and separate the peak, average, and RMS descriptions that a single number cannot combine.\n",{"path":11518,"title":11519,"module":11515,"summary":11520},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Falternating-current\u002Freactance","Reactance","A resistor obeys Ohm's law instant by instant, but a capacitor responds to how fast its voltage changes and an inductor to how fast its current changes. Under a steady sinusoid that rate-dependence collapses to a fixed quarter-cycle phase shift and a frequency-dependent amplitude ratio, the reactance. We derive $X_C=1\u002F(\\omega C)$ and $X_L=\\omega L$, adopt phasors to turn the defining derivatives into multiplication by $j\\omega$ so a single complex impedance carries amplitude and phase together, and track the energy an ideal reactance stores and returns without dissipating it. Real windings and dielectrics add loss, leakage, and self-resonance that bound where the ideal formulas hold.\n",{"path":11522,"title":11523,"module":11515,"summary":11524},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Falternating-current\u002Frlc-resonance","RLC Resonance","Put a resistor, inductor, and capacitor in one loop and their reactances work against each other: inductive reactance grows with frequency while capacitive reactance shrinks, and at one frequency they cancel exactly. There the branch looks purely resistive, the current peaks, and the inductor and capacitor voltages can swing far above the source. We locate that resonance at $\\omega_0=1\u002F\\sqrt{LC}$, measure how sharp the peak is with the quality factor $Q=\\omega_0L\u002FR$, tie its half-power bandwidth $R\u002FL$ to the ringdown of the unforced circuit, and read the same poles off as bandpass and peaked filters at the R, L, or C terminals.\n",{"path":11526,"title":11527,"module":11515,"summary":11528},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Falternating-current\u002Fac-power","AC Power","Multiply an AC load's RMS voltage by its RMS current and you get an answer in volt-amperes that the wiring must carry, but not in general the watts the load consumes. The phase between voltage and current splits that product into a part that does net work and a part that merely sloshes energy back and forth. We derive the average power $P=V_{\\rm rms}I_{\\rm rms}\\cos\\phi$, package amplitude and phase into complex power $S=P+jQ$ so that real, reactive, and apparent power form one right triangle, and see why a harmonic-rich current forces the time-domain definition $P=\\langle vi\\rangle$ in place of a single phase angle.\n",{"path":11530,"title":11531,"module":11515,"summary":11532},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Falternating-current\u002Ftransformers","Transformers","Two coils sharing an iron core exchange no charge, yet a changing current in one drives a voltage in the other, and the ratio of their turns sets how voltage and current trade off between the windings. That lets a transformer step a voltage up or down, isolate two circuits, and make a load look larger or smaller to the source by the square of the turns ratio. We build the ideal ratio element from Faraday's law and the dot convention, derive the reflected-impedance rule, then add the winding resistance, leakage, magnetizing current, and core loss that turn the ideal ratios into real regulation, efficiency, and a bounded voltage-frequency range.\n",{"path":11534,"title":11535,"module":11536,"summary":11537},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmaxwell-electromagnetic-waves\u002Fdisplacement-current","Displacement Current","Maxwell’s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves","Ampère's law asks for the current through a surface bounded by a loop, but a charging capacitor breaks it: slide the surface off the wire and into the gap and the enclosed conduction current drops to zero, while the magnetic field around the loop plainly does not. Maxwell's repair is to count a changing electric flux as itself a source of magnetic circulation. We derive the displacement-current term $\\varepsilon_0\\,\\d\\Phi_E\u002F\\d t$, show that charge continuity demands it, compute the magnetic field it produces inside a charging capacitor, and see how it closes the Ampère–Maxwell law so that electric and magnetic fields can sustain one another as a wave.\n",{"path":11539,"title":11540,"module":11536,"summary":11541},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmaxwell-electromagnetic-waves\u002Felectromagnetic-waves","Electromagnetic Waves","Once a changing electric flux can drive a magnetic field, the two curl laws feed each other: a disturbance in one regenerates the other, and the pair walks off through empty space with no medium holding it up. We take the curl of Faraday's law, land on a wave equation whose speed is fixed entirely by $\\mu_0$ and $\\varepsilon_0$, and find that $c=1\u002F\\sqrt{\\mu_0\\varepsilon_0}$ falls out of purely electric and magnetic constants. The plane-wave solution then fixes the geometry — $\\vec E$, $\\vec B$, and the propagation direction mutually perpendicular, oscillating in phase, with amplitudes locked at $E=cB$ — a set of independent predictions any real measurement must meet at once.\n",{"path":11543,"title":11544,"module":11536,"summary":11545},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmaxwell-electromagnetic-waves\u002Felectromagnetic-momentum","Electromagnetic Momentum","A light beam carries no mass, yet it pushes: shine it on a surface and the surface feels a force. We trace that force back to the fields, which store energy with density $\\varepsilon_0E^2$ and carry it along the Poynting vector $\\vec S=\\vec E\\times\\vec B\u002F\\mu_0$. Because that energy also carries momentum $U\u002Fc$, an absorbed beam presses with $I\u002Fc$ and a mirror with $2I\u002Fc$. We derive the Poynting theorem as local energy conservation, tie intensity to field amplitude, and work the momentum balance carefully enough that oblique incidence, partial reflection, and finite beams all drop out of one accounting.\n",{"path":11547,"title":11548,"module":11536,"summary":11549},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmaxwell-electromagnetic-waves\u002Fdipole-radiation","Dipole Radiation","Only accelerating charge radiates, and the simplest accelerator is a charge sloshing back and forth: an oscillating electric dipole. We work out the field it throws off, keeping the part that survives to large distance — the $1\u002Fr$ radiation field whose intensity goes as $\\sin^2\\theta\u002Fr^2$, zero along the dipole axis and strongest broadside. From it follow the $\\omega^4$ scaling of total radiated power, radiation resistance as the feed's view of that escaping power, and, through reciprocity, the fact that a good transmitter receives well in the same directions. The near-zone terms that fall off faster carry no net power, and we mark carefully where each description is allowed to be used.\n",{"path":11551,"title":11552,"module":11536,"summary":11553},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Fmaxwell-electromagnetic-waves\u002Fpolarization","Polarization","A plane wave still leaves one thing free: which way its electric field points as it oscillates. That freedom is polarization, set entirely by the relative amplitude and phase of the two transverse field components — in phase gives a line, equal amplitudes a quarter cycle apart give a circle, everything else an ellipse. We work out how a linear analyzer reads a state through Malus's law $I=I_0\\cos^2\\theta$, why that scan alone cannot tell circular light from unpolarized, and how a quarter-wave plate plus a few analyzer settings recover the full Stokes vector and the degree of polarization.\n",{"path":11555,"title":11556,"module":11557,"summary":11558},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Foptics\u002Freflection-and-refraction","Reflection and Refraction","Geometrical Optics","Light meeting a boundary between two transparent media splits into a reflected ray and a bent transmitted one, and predicting where those rays go is the whole starting point of geometrical optics. Fixing one convention — every angle measured from the surface normal — we get reflection's equal angles and derive Snell's law $n_1\\sin\\theta_1=n_2\\sin\\theta_2$ from wavefront timing. That single relation, applied once or twice, yields the critical angle and total internal reflection, prism deviation, the lateral shift through a window, apparent depth, and a fiber's acceptance cone; a wavelength-dependent index then adds dispersion. We mark throughout where the ray picture is trustworthy: feature sizes large against the wavelength and clean interface geometry.\n",{"path":11560,"title":11561,"module":11557,"summary":11562},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Foptics\u002Fthin-lenses","Thin Lenses","A lens gathers the light spreading from one point back onto another, and a single paraxial relation $1\u002Fs+1\u002Fs'=1\u002Ff$ predicts where that image lands and how large it is. We collapse two refractions into one bending plane, read image position and orientation off the three principal rays, and trace focal length back to glass and curvature through the lensmaker equation. Sign conventions carry the physics here — they separate real from virtual images and upright from inverted — so we drill them before chaining lenses in sequence and in contact. The lesson ends on how focal length is actually measured on a bench, and where finite thickness, aperture, and dispersion break the thin-lens picture.\n",{"path":11564,"title":11565,"module":11557,"summary":11566},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism\u002Foptics\u002Fspherical-mirrors","Spherical Mirrors","Curve a mirror and it stops merely reflecting an image and starts forming one: the same $1\u002Fs+1\u002Fs'=1\u002Ff$ that governs lenses reappears, now with $f=R\u002F2$ and reflected rays and object sharing one side of the glass. We derive the mirror equation from the reflection geometry of a single paraxial ray, then let signed distances do the sorting — real inverted images on the near branch, virtual upright ones behind the surface — and check the concave, convex, and plane-mirror limits against each other. The second half turns to how focal length is actually measured on a bench, by finite conjugates, distant targets, return imaging, and sagitta, and to the aperture and off-axis aberrations the single paraxial focus cannot capture.\n",{"path":11568,"title":11569,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Felectricity-and-magnetism","Electricity & Magnetism",{"path":11571,"title":11572,"module":11573,"summary":11574},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Flinear-systems\u002Fsystems-and-echelon-forms","Systems of Linear Equations and Row Reduction","Linear Equations in Linear Algebra","A linear system is a finite set of linear equations in shared variables. Elementary row operations rewrite it without changing its solution set, and reducing the augmented matrix to echelon form decides both existence and uniqueness. Pivot positions say whether the solution set is empty, a single point, or infinite.\n",{"path":11576,"title":11577,"module":11573,"summary":11578},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Flinear-systems\u002Fvector-and-matrix-equations","Vector Equations and the Matrix Equation Ax = b","The same linear system reads three equivalent ways: a system of equations, a vector equation asking whether b is a linear combination of fixed vectors, and a matrix equation Ax = b. Ax is the linear combination of A's columns weighted by x, so consistency for a given b means b lies in the span of the columns, and consistency for every b means the columns span all of R^m.\n",{"path":11580,"title":11581,"module":11573,"summary":11582},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Flinear-systems\u002Fsolution-sets-and-applications","Solution Sets and Applied Linear Systems","A homogeneous system Ax = 0 has a solution set that is a span through the origin; a consistent Ax = b has that same span translated by any one particular solution. Parametric vector form writes both explicitly. The structure shows up in applied systems with many solutions: equilibrium prices, balanced chemical reactions, network flows, weight-loss diets, and migration models.\n",{"path":11584,"title":11585,"module":11573,"summary":11586},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Flinear-systems\u002Flinear-independence","Linear Independence","A set of vectors is linearly independent when the only linear combination equal to zero is the trivial one; otherwise a dependence relation writes one vector in terms of the others. For the columns of A the question becomes whether Ax = 0 has only the trivial solution — a pivot in every column. Counting pivots settles independence, and any set with more vectors than entries is automatically dependent.\n",{"path":11588,"title":11589,"module":11573,"summary":11590},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Flinear-systems\u002Flinear-transformations","Linear Transformations and Their Matrices","Reading A as an action rather than an array, x maps to Ax is a transformation from R^n to R^m. The ones that preserve addition and scalar multiplication are the linear transformations, and every one is x maps to Ax for a unique standard matrix whose columns are the images of the standard basis vectors. Onto and one-to-one translate into the span and independence of those columns.\n",{"path":11592,"title":11593,"module":11594,"summary":11595},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fmatrix-algebra\u002Fmatrix-operations","Matrix Operations","Matrix Algebra","Matrices add and scale entrywise, but their product is defined so that multiplication corresponds to composition of linear maps: the columns of AB are A applied to the columns of B. From that requirement follow the row-column rule, the algebra of products (associative and distributive but not commutative), powers, and the transpose.\n",{"path":11597,"title":11598,"module":11594,"summary":11599},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fmatrix-algebra\u002Fmatrix-inverse-and-invertibility","The Inverse and the Invertible Matrix Theorem","The inverse of a square matrix is the matrix analogue of a reciprocal, defined by AA⁻¹ = I. A closed form settles the 2×2 case; the Gauss–Jordan algorithm row reduces [A | I] to [I | A⁻¹] in general; and elementary matrices record single row operations. The Invertible Matrix Theorem collects a dozen equivalent conditions for invertibility into one statement.\n",{"path":11601,"title":11602,"module":11594,"summary":11603},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fmatrix-algebra\u002Fpartitioned-matrices-and-lu","Block Matrices and the LU Factorization","Partitioning a matrix into blocks lets sums, products, and inverses be computed block by block, as if the submatrices were scalars. Block structure also underlies the LU factorization A = LU, which splits solving Ax = b into two fast triangular solves and repays the cost whenever many systems share one coefficient matrix.\n",{"path":11605,"title":11606,"module":11594,"summary":11607},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fmatrix-algebra\u002Fsubspaces-dimension-rank","Subspaces of Rⁿ, Dimension, and Rank","A subspace is a set closed under addition and scalar multiplication. Every matrix carries two: the column space of all attainable outputs Ax, and the null space of all solutions of Ax = 0. A basis measures each with a minimal spanning set, dimension counts it, and the Rank Theorem ties pivots and free variables together as rank + nullity = n.\n",{"path":11609,"title":11610,"module":11594,"summary":11611},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fmatrix-algebra\u002Fapplications-leontief-and-graphics","Applications: Leontief Economics and Computer Graphics","The Leontief input–output model balances an economy through (I − C)x = d and expands the inverse as a geometric series in the consumption matrix. Computer graphics moves figures with matrix products, using homogeneous coordinates so that translation and perspective projection become matrix multiplications too.\n",{"path":11613,"title":11614,"module":11615,"summary":11616},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fdeterminants\u002Fdeterminants-and-cofactors","Introduction to Determinants","Determinants","The determinant of a square matrix is defined recursively by cofactor expansion: an n-by-n determinant is a signed sum of (n-1)-by-(n-1) determinants built from the first row. The expansion can equally run along any row or down any column, and a triangular matrix has determinant equal to the product of its diagonal.\n",{"path":11618,"title":11619,"module":11615,"summary":11620},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fdeterminants\u002Fproperties-of-determinants","Properties of Determinants","Row operations act on the determinant in three predictable ways, and this turns row reduction into a fast algorithm: the determinant is the product of the pivots times a sign for the interchanges. The same properties yield the invertibility test det A is nonzero, the transpose identity, and the multiplicative law det(AB) equals det A times det B.\n",{"path":11622,"title":11623,"module":11615,"summary":11624},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fdeterminants\u002Fcramer-volume-and-area","Cramer's Rule, Volume, and Linear Transformations","Cramer's rule writes each unknown of an invertible system as a ratio of determinants, and the same idea gives a closed formula for the inverse through the adjugate. Geometrically the absolute determinant is the area of the parallelogram or the volume of the parallelepiped spanned by the columns, so a linear map scales every region's measure by that factor.\n",{"path":11626,"title":11627,"module":11628,"summary":11629},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fvector-spaces\u002Fvector-spaces-and-subspaces","Vector Spaces and Subspaces","Vector Spaces","A vector space is any set closed under addition and scalar multiplication that obeys ten algebraic axioms. The same axioms that govern arrows in the plane govern polynomials, functions, matrices, and infinite signals, so one theory covers them all. A subspace is a subset that is a vector space in its own right, tested by three conditions, and the span of any set of vectors is the smallest subspace containing them.\n",{"path":11631,"title":11632,"module":11628,"summary":11633},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fvector-spaces\u002Fnull-and-column-spaces","Null Spaces, Column Spaces, and Linear Transformations","Two subspaces sit inside every matrix. The null space collects all solutions of $Ax = 0$ and lives in the domain; the column space collects every attainable $Ax$ and lives in the codomain. One is defined implicitly by a condition, the other explicitly by a spanning set, and the same pair appears for an abstract linear transformation as its kernel and range.\n",{"path":11635,"title":11636,"module":11628,"summary":11637},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fvector-spaces\u002Fbases-and-independent-sets","Linearly Independent Sets and Bases","A basis is a spanning set with no redundancy: linearly independent and still large enough to reach every vector. The spanning-set theorem shows any spanning set can be trimmed to a basis by discarding dependent vectors, and the pivot columns of a matrix give a basis for its column space. Independence and spanning are defined for abstract spaces exactly as in $\\mathbb{R}^n$.\n",{"path":11639,"title":11640,"module":11628,"summary":11641},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fvector-spaces\u002Fcoordinate-systems","Coordinate Systems","Fixing a basis assigns every vector a unique list of coordinates, turning an abstract space into $\\mathbb{R}^n$. The coordinate mapping is a one-to-one linear transformation onto $\\mathbb{R}^n$ — an isomorphism — so any $n$-dimensional space is indistinguishable from $\\mathbb{R}^n$ as far as vector-space computations go. In $\\mathbb{R}^n$ the change-of-coordinates matrix $P_B$ and its inverse convert between basis coordinates and standard coordinates.\n",{"path":11643,"title":11644,"module":11628,"summary":11645},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fvector-spaces\u002Fdimension-and-rank","The Dimension of a Vector Space and Rank","Every basis of a space has the same number of vectors, and that number is the dimension. Rank is the dimension of the column space, equal to the dimension of the row space and to the number of pivots. The Rank Theorem, rank plus nullity equals the number of columns, ties the four fundamental subspaces of a matrix together and adds six lines to the Invertible Matrix Theorem.\n",{"path":11647,"title":11648,"module":11628,"summary":11649},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fvector-spaces\u002Fchange-of-basis","Change of Basis","Two bases give the same vector two different coordinate vectors, and a single invertible matrix converts between them. Its columns are the coordinate vectors of the old basis expressed in the new one, and its inverse reverses the conversion. In $\\mathbb{R}^n$ the change-of-coordinates matrix between two bases is found by one row reduction.\n",{"path":11651,"title":11652,"module":11628,"summary":11653},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fvector-spaces\u002Fdifference-equations-and-markov","Applications: Difference Equations and Markov Chains","The solutions of an nth-order linear difference equation form an $n$-dimensional vector space, so finding $n$ independent solutions gives them all. A Markov chain evolves a probability distribution by repeated multiplication by a stochastic matrix, and a regular chain converges to a unique steady-state vector fixed by that matrix. Both applications turn a dynamic process into a subspace or a fixed-point question.\n",{"path":11655,"title":11656,"module":11657,"summary":11658},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Feigenvalues\u002Feigenvectors-and-eigenvalues","Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues","Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors","An eigenvector of a square matrix is a nonzero vector the matrix only stretches; its eigenvalue is the stretch factor. The eigenspace of an eigenvalue is the null space of A minus lambda times the identity, the eigenvalues of a triangular matrix are its diagonal entries, and eigenvectors for distinct eigenvalues are linearly independent.\n",{"path":11660,"title":11661,"module":11657,"summary":11662},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Feigenvalues\u002Fthe-characteristic-equation","The Characteristic Equation","The eigenvalues of a matrix are the roots of its characteristic polynomial det(A minus lambda I). This degree-n polynomial carries an algebraic multiplicity at each repeated root, a nonzero determinant is equivalent to zero not being an eigenvalue, and similar matrices share a characteristic polynomial and hence the same eigenvalues.\n",{"path":11664,"title":11665,"module":11657,"summary":11666},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Feigenvalues\u002Fdiagonalization","Diagonalization","A matrix is diagonalizable when it factors as A equals P D P inverse with D diagonal, which happens exactly when it has n linearly independent eigenvectors. The factorization computes matrix powers cheaply, distinct eigenvalues guarantee it, and a repeated eigenvalue permits it only when its eigenspace dimension equals its multiplicity.\n",{"path":11668,"title":11669,"module":11657,"summary":11670},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Feigenvalues\u002Feigenvectors-and-linear-transformations","Eigenvectors and Linear Transformations","Every linear transformation between finite-dimensional spaces has a matrix relative to chosen bases, built from the coordinate vectors of the images of the basis vectors. For a map from a space to itself, an eigenvector basis makes that matrix diagonal, and that change of basis is diagonalization; the matrices similar to A are the representations of the map in every basis.\n",{"path":11672,"title":11673,"module":11657,"summary":11674},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Feigenvalues\u002Fcomplex-eigenvalues","Complex Eigenvalues","A real matrix with no real eigenvalues still has complex ones, occurring in conjugate pairs. A real 2-by-2 matrix with eigenvalue a plus b i is similar to a rotation-scaling matrix, whose rotation angle is the argument of the eigenvalue and whose scale factor is its modulus; the modulus decides whether the trajectories close up, spiral in, or spiral out.\n",{"path":11676,"title":11677,"module":11657,"summary":11678},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Feigenvalues\u002Fdynamical-systems","Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems","Eigenvalues govern the long-term behavior of a system that evolves by x becomes A x or by x prime equals A x. An eigenvector basis decouples both kinds of system into independent scalar equations; the eigenvalues then classify the origin as attractor, repeller, saddle, or spiral, and the dominant eigenpair fixes the growth rate and limiting direction.\n",{"path":11680,"title":11681,"module":11657,"summary":11682},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Feigenvalues\u002Fpower-method","Iterative Estimates for Eigenvalues","When only a numerical eigenvalue is needed, iteration is preferred over the characteristic polynomial. The power method repeatedly multiplies by A to converge on the dominant eigenvalue and its eigenvector; the Rayleigh quotient sharpens the estimate for symmetric matrices; and the inverse power method targets any eigenvalue near a known guess.\n",{"path":11684,"title":11685,"module":11686,"summary":11687},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Forthogonality-least-squares\u002Finner-product-length-orthogonality","Inner Product, Length, and Orthogonality","Orthogonality and Least Squares","The dot product turns the algebra of vectors in R^n into geometry: length, distance, and perpendicularity. The inner product yields the norm, the Pythagorean theorem, and the orthogonal complement, and the null space of a matrix is the orthogonal complement of its row space.\n",{"path":11689,"title":11690,"module":11686,"summary":11691},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Forthogonality-least-squares\u002Forthogonal-sets-and-projections","Orthogonal Sets and Orthogonal Projections","An orthogonal basis makes coordinates trivial: each weight is a single dot product, no linear system required. Orthogonal and orthonormal bases give a direct projection formula onto a line and onto a subspace, the orthogonal decomposition and best-approximation theorems, and the matrix form U U-transpose of a projection.\n",{"path":11693,"title":11694,"module":11686,"summary":11695},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Forthogonality-least-squares\u002Fgram-schmidt-and-qr","The Gram-Schmidt Process and QR Factorization","Gram-Schmidt turns any basis into an orthogonal one by repeatedly subtracting off projections onto the span already built. Normalizing the result and recording the coefficients factors the matrix as A = QR, with Q orthonormal and R upper triangular, the factorization behind stable least-squares and eigenvalue algorithms.\n",{"path":11697,"title":11698,"module":11686,"summary":11699},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Forthogonality-least-squares\u002Fleast-squares-problems","Least-Squares Problems","When Ax = b has no solution, the least-squares solution makes Ax as close to b as possible. The closest Ax is the projection of b onto the column space, and the vector that produces it solves the normal equations A-transpose A x = A-transpose b. Uniqueness, the residual error, and the stabler QR route follow.\n",{"path":11701,"title":11702,"module":11686,"summary":11703},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Forthogonality-least-squares\u002Fleast-squares-applications","Applications to Linear Models","Curve fitting is a least-squares problem in statistical notation. The least-squares line, polynomial fits, and multiple regression all reduce to X beta = y with a design matrix X built from the data, solved by the same normal equations.\n",{"path":11705,"title":11706,"module":11686,"summary":11707},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Forthogonality-least-squares\u002Finner-product-spaces","Inner Product Spaces","Promoting the four properties of the dot product to axioms defines an inner product on any vector space, including spaces of functions. Length, distance, orthogonality, Gram-Schmidt, and best approximation all carry over, along with the Cauchy-Schwarz and triangle inequalities and the integral inner product behind Fourier approximation.\n",{"path":11709,"title":11710,"module":11711,"summary":11712},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fsymmetric-quadratic-svd\u002Fdiagonalizing-symmetric-matrices","Diagonalization of Symmetric Matrices","Symmetric Matrices, Quadratic Forms, and the SVD","A symmetric matrix is one that equals its own transpose. Every such matrix can be diagonalized by an orthogonal change of basis, A = PDPᵀ, with real eigenvalues and perpendicular eigenvectors. This is the Spectral Theorem, and it rewrites A as a weighted sum of rank-one projections onto its eigenvectors.\n",{"path":11714,"title":11715,"module":11711,"summary":11716},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fsymmetric-quadratic-svd\u002Fquadratic-forms","Quadratic Forms","A quadratic form xᵀAx is the second-degree analogue of a linear map, attached to a symmetric matrix A. Orthogonal diagonalization changes variables to the eigenbasis, removing all cross-terms and rotating the form into standard position. The signs of the eigenvalues then classify it as definite or indefinite.\n",{"path":11718,"title":11719,"module":11711,"summary":11720},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fsymmetric-quadratic-svd\u002Fconstrained-optimization","Constrained Optimization","Maximizing a quadratic form xᵀAx over the unit sphere has an exact answer: the maximum is the largest eigenvalue of A, attained at its eigenvector, and the minimum is the smallest eigenvalue. Adding orthogonality constraints peels off the eigenvalues in order, characterizing the whole spectrum by optimization.\n",{"path":11722,"title":11723,"module":11711,"summary":11724},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fsymmetric-quadratic-svd\u002Fsingular-value-decomposition","The Singular Value Decomposition","The singular value decomposition factors any m×n matrix as A = UΣVᵀ, with orthogonal U and V and a nonnegative diagonal Σ of singular values. The singular values are the square roots of the eigenvalues of AᵀA, and they describe the matrix geometrically as a rotation, an axiswise stretch, and another rotation, exposing rank, the four fundamental subspaces, and a best low-rank approximation.\n",{"path":11726,"title":11727,"module":11711,"summary":11728},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fsymmetric-quadratic-svd\u002Fsvd-applications-pca-imaging","Applications: Image Processing and Statistics","Principal component analysis diagonalizes the covariance matrix of a data set, producing uncorrelated variables ordered by variance. The leading components capture most of the variation, which reduces dimension, compresses images through low-rank SVD approximation, and connects directly to the singular values of the data matrix.\n",{"path":11730,"title":11731,"module":11732,"summary":11733},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fnumerical-linear-algebra\u002Fnumerical-thinking-and-matrix-computation","Numerical Thinking and Matrix Computation","Numerical Linear Algebra","Numerical analysis builds efficient discrete algorithms for continuous problems, and its cost is dominated as much by memory traffic as by arithmetic. Block matrix calculus, flop counts, and the BLAS efficiency ratio fix the cost model; triangular and unitary matrices are the two computational building blocks every factorization rests on.\n",{"path":11735,"title":11736,"module":11732,"summary":11737},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fnumerical-linear-algebra\u002Flu-and-cholesky","LU and Cholesky Factorization in Practice","Gaussian elimination, read as a factorization A = LU, turns a linear system into two triangular solves. A single near-zero pivot wrecks it, so partial pivoting reorders rows to pick the largest available pivot and makes the method work for every invertible matrix. For symmetric positive-definite systems, Cholesky halves the cost and needs no pivoting.\n",{"path":11739,"title":11740,"module":11732,"summary":11741},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fnumerical-linear-algebra\u002Fconditioning-and-floating-point","Conditioning and Floating-Point Arithmetic","A problem's condition number measures how much its answer moves when its data is perturbed, independent of any algorithm. Subtraction is ill-conditioned under cancellation, and for a linear system the amplifier is the matrix condition number κ(A). Floating-point arithmetic supplies the perturbation: every real number is rounded to within a relative machine precision, so even perfect computation inherits an error of order κ times the unit roundoff.\n",{"path":11743,"title":11744,"module":11732,"summary":11745},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fnumerical-linear-algebra\u002Fstability-and-error-analysis","Numerical Stability and Backward Error Analysis","An algorithm is backward stable when its computed answer is the exact answer to a slightly perturbed problem. Combined with the condition number this gives the governing rule of thumb: forward error is at most condition times stability. Three cancellation case studies make the point, then the residual-based backward error applies it to Ax = b and shows why partial pivoting keeps Gaussian elimination stable.\n",{"path":11747,"title":11748,"module":11732,"summary":11749},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fnumerical-linear-algebra\u002Fqr-and-numerical-least-squares","QR, Householder, and Numerical Least Squares","The least-squares problem reduces to the normal equations, but forming AᵀA squares the condition number and can wreck accuracy. The stable route computes a QR factorization directly on A and solves Rx = Qᵀb. Householder reflectors build that QR one column at a time using length-preserving reflections, the unconditionally backward-stable building block behind every serious least-squares solver.\n",{"path":11751,"title":11752,"module":11732,"summary":11753},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fnumerical-linear-algebra\u002Fnumerical-eigenvalues-and-svd","Numerical Eigenvalue Problems and the SVD","Eigenvalues cannot be found by a formula for large matrices, so they are found by iteration. Power and inverse iteration converge to one eigenvector at a rate set by the eigenvalue gap; the QR algorithm sweeps a matrix to Schur form and, with a good shift and a Hessenberg reduction, computes the whole spectrum in cubic time. Singular values follow from the same machinery applied without ever forming AᵀA.\n",{"path":11755,"title":11756,"module":11757,"summary":11758},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fgeometry-of-vector-spaces\u002Faffine-combinations","Affine Combinations","Geometry of Vector Spaces","An affine combination is a linear combination whose weights sum to one. The affine hull of a set is the smallest flat containing it: a point, a line, a plane, or a translated subspace. Homogeneous coordinates turn every affine combination into an ordinary linear combination one dimension up.\n",{"path":11760,"title":11761,"module":11757,"summary":11762},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fgeometry-of-vector-spaces\u002Faffine-independence-and-barycentric-coordinates","Affine Independence and Barycentric Coordinates","Affine independence is linear independence for the translated or lifted points, and it guarantees each point of an affine hull a unique weight vector. Those weights are barycentric coordinates: centers of mass, ratios of triangle areas, and the interpolation rule behind smooth shading in computer graphics.\n",{"path":11764,"title":11765,"module":11757,"summary":11766},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fgeometry-of-vector-spaces\u002Fconvex-combinations-and-convex-sets","Convex Combinations and Convex Sets","A convex combination is an affine combination with nonnegative weights, and the convex hull of a set is the smallest convex set containing it. Convex sets are closed under intersection, and Carathéodory's theorem bounds how many points a convex combination in $\\mathbb{R}^n$ ever needs: at most $n+1$.\n",{"path":11768,"title":11769,"module":11757,"summary":11770},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fgeometry-of-vector-spaces\u002Fhyperplanes-and-polytopes","Hyperplanes and Polytopes","A hyperplane is a level set of a linear functional, the set where an inner product equals a constant. Hyperplanes separate disjoint convex sets and support them at their boundaries. Polytopes are convex hulls of finite point sets; their vertices are the extreme points, and a linear functional attains its extremes there.\n",{"path":11772,"title":11773,"module":11757,"summary":11774},"\u002Flinear-algebra\u002Fgeometry-of-vector-spaces\u002Fcurves-and-surfaces","Curves and Surfaces","Bézier curves are affine combinations of control points with polynomial weights, so they lie in the convex hull of those points and bend toward them. The de Casteljau algorithm evaluates them by repeated interpolation, a matrix form factors them for computation, and matching endpoints and tangents joins segments into smooth curves and surfaces.\n",{"path":11776,"title":11777,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Flinear-algebra","Linear Algebra",{"path":11779,"title":11780,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Ftheory-of-computation","Theory of Computation",{"path":11782,"title":11783,"module":10583,"summary":11784},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Ffoundations\u002Fbits-bytes-and-words","Bits, Bytes, and Words","Everything a machine stores is a string of bits grouped into bytes. We set out binary and hexadecimal, the byte as the unit of addressing, the word as the machine's natural integer size, and byte ordering — why the same four bytes read as 0x01234567 on one machine and 0x67452301 on another.\n",{"path":11786,"title":11787,"module":10583,"summary":11788},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Ffoundations\u002Finteger-representation","Integer Representation","A fixed-width byte string is just a pattern; what makes it a number is the rule we read it by. We define unsigned encoding and two's complement — where the top bit carries a negative weight — derive the ranges UMax, TMin, and TMax, and show how the same bits reinterpret between signed and unsigned, how widening sign-extends, and what truncation throws away.\n",{"path":11790,"title":11791,"module":10583,"summary":11792},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Ffoundations\u002Finteger-arithmetic","Integer Arithmetic","Fixed-width integer arithmetic is arithmetic modulo a power of two: add past the top and the result wraps. We work out unsigned and two's-complement addition and the rules that detect their overflow, why negation is a complement-plus-one, how multiplication truncates to the low-order bits and how compilers turn constant multiplies into shifts and adds, why C declares signed overflow undefined, and the bias fix that keeps shift-based signed division rounding toward zero.\n",{"path":11794,"title":11795,"module":10583,"summary":11796},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Ffoundations\u002Ffloating-point","Floating Point","IEEE-754 trades the exactness of integers for enormous range by storing numbers as sign, exponent, and fraction — scientific notation in binary. We lay out the single and double formats, the bias that encodes the exponent, the three regimes (normalized, denormalized, special), a worked encode\u002Fdecode, the four rounding modes and round-to-even at the bit level, why addition is not associative, the pitfalls of float-int conversion, and why 0.1 has no exact binary representation.\n",{"path":11798,"title":11799,"module":10583,"summary":11800},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Ffoundations\u002Fboolean-algebra-and-bit-manipulation","Boolean Algebra and Bit Manipulation","Treat a word as a vector of independent bits and the bitwise operators become an algebra. We define AND, OR, NOT, and XOR as bit vectors, build the masking idioms that set, clear, toggle, and test individual bits, extract fields with zero- and sign-extension, count set bits three ways, derive the classic x & (x - 1) family of tricks, and distinguish bitwise operators from C's short-circuiting logical operators.\n",{"path":11802,"title":11803,"module":11804,"summary":11805},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmachine-level-x86-64\u002Fthe-machines-view","The Machine's View","Machine-Level Programming","The instruction set architecture is the contract a compiler writes against: the program counter, sixteen integer registers with their sub-register widths, and the condition codes. We follow one C function down through gcc to assembly, learn to read an instruction as operation plus operands, and fix the vocabulary the rest of the module uses.\n",{"path":11807,"title":11808,"module":11804,"summary":11809},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmachine-level-x86-64\u002Fdata-movement","Data Movement","Most instructions a program runs simply move data. We cover the mov family and its size suffixes, the three operand forms, the full memory addressing mode D(Rb,Ri,S) and its special cases, lea for address arithmetic, and how push and pop manipulate the stack pointer %rsp on a stack that grows toward lower addresses.\n",{"path":11811,"title":11812,"module":11804,"summary":11813},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmachine-level-x86-64\u002Farithmetic-and-logic","Arithmetic and Logic","The ALU instructions that compute on register and memory values: add, sub, and imul; the unary inc\u002Fdec\u002Fneg\u002Fnot; the shifts sal\u002Fshr\u002Fsar; the bitwise and\u002For\u002Fxor; and lea reused as a fast arithmetic trick. Each binary operation also sets the condition-code flags CF, ZF, SF, and OF, which cmp and test compute without keeping a result.\n",{"path":11815,"title":11816,"module":11804,"summary":11817},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmachine-level-x86-64\u002Fcontrol-flow","Control Flow","How a flat instruction stream realizes branches and loops. The conditional jumps read the condition-code flags; set instructions turn flags into a 0\u002F1 byte. We translate if\u002Felse into the standard compare-and-branch pattern, while\u002Ffor loops into the guarded-do form, and dense switches into jump tables that index a target directly.\n",{"path":11819,"title":11820,"module":11804,"summary":11821},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmachine-level-x86-64\u002Fprocedures","Procedures","How a function call works at the machine level: the run-time stack, call and ret passing control through a saved return address, the System V convention that routes the first six arguments through %rdi..%r9 and the result through %rax, the caller-saved versus callee-saved split, the stack frame, and a recursive factorial traced through its frames.\n",{"path":11823,"title":11824,"module":11804,"summary":11825},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmachine-level-x86-64\u002Farrays-structs-and-alignment","Arrays, Structs, and Alignment","How aggregate data lays out in memory. Arrays as base-plus-scaled-index, the row-major ordering of multidimensional arrays, pointer arithmetic in units of the pointed-to type, struct fields at fixed byte offsets, the overlapping storage of unions, and the alignment rules that force padding into a struct.\n",{"path":11827,"title":11828,"module":11804,"summary":11829},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmachine-level-x86-64\u002Fmemory-layout-and-buffer-overflows","Memory Layout and Buffer Overflows","The process address space — text, data, heap, and stack — and the classic vulnerability it enables. A stack buffer that is written past its end can overwrite the saved return address and redirect ret, so we sketch the mechanism defensively and then the three standard protections: stack canaries, a non-executable stack, and address-space layout randomization.\n",{"path":11831,"title":11832,"module":11833,"summary":11834},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Finstruction-set-architecture\u002Fwhat-an-isa-is","What an ISA Is","Instruction Set Architecture","The instruction set architecture is the contract that lets a compiler and a chip be written by people who never meet: the stable interface software targets and hardware implements. We separate architecture from microarchitecture, read RISC and CISC as opposite answers to where complexity should live, price out what each choice costs in decode hardware, code density, and pipeline friendliness, and see how x86-64 endures by translating its instructions into RISC-like operations on the fly.\n",{"path":11836,"title":11837,"module":11833,"summary":11838},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Finstruction-set-architecture\u002Finstruction-formats-and-operands","Instruction Formats and Operands","An instruction is an opcode plus a way to name its operands. We count operands — 3-address, 2-address, 1-address accumulator, and 0-address stack machines — by writing the same C = A + B four ways, weigh register operands against memory operands, then lay out the same add byte by byte in x86-64 (REX prefix, opcode, ModRM) and in Y86-64, and what fixed versus variable length costs at fetch time.\n",{"path":11840,"title":11841,"module":11833,"summary":11842},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Finstruction-set-architecture\u002Faddressing-modes","Addressing Modes","Once an operand field exists, it needs a rule for turning its bits into the data it names. That rule is the addressing mode. We walk the standard set — immediate, register, direct, register-indirect, displacement, scaled-indexed, and PC-relative — fixing the effective-address computation for each, run every mode against one concrete machine state, and price out what Y86-64 loses by keeping only base plus displacement.\n",{"path":11844,"title":11845,"module":11833,"summary":11846},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Finstruction-set-architecture\u002Fthe-y86-64-instruction-set","The Y86-64 Instruction Set","Y86-64 is a teaching ISA — a stripped-down x86-64 simple enough to implement by hand yet real enough to compile to. We fix its programmer-visible state (fifteen registers, three condition codes, the PC, memory, and a status code), give the instruction set with exact byte encodings, spell out how the condition codes decide every jXX and cmovXX, and run the encoding both directions: assembly to bytes and raw bytes back to meaning.\n",{"path":11848,"title":11849,"module":11833,"summary":11850},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Finstruction-set-architecture\u002Fy86-64-programming","Y86-64 Programming","With the encodings fixed, we write real Y86-64 assembly: the .pos, .align, and .quad directives, the calling convention borrowed from x86-64, a stack set up by hand, and complete programs — an array sum and a branch-free max. We watch the assembler turn the listing into the exact byte image the processor will execute, and trace the stack across the call.\n",{"path":11852,"title":11853,"module":11854,"summary":11855},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fdigital-logic\u002Ftransistors-gates-and-boolean-functions","Transistors, Gates, and Boolean Functions","Digital Logic","A processor is built from millions of transistor switches. We start at the MOS transistor as a voltage-controlled switch, build the CMOS inverter and NAND transistor by transistor, meet the seven standard gates with their truth tables, show that NAND alone is functionally complete, price each gate in transistors and in time, and turn any truth table into a sum-of-products circuit.\n",{"path":11857,"title":11858,"module":11854,"summary":11859},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fdigital-logic\u002Fcombinational-logic-and-hcl","Combinational Logic and HCL","A combinational circuit is a pure Boolean function of its current inputs — no memory, no clock. We draw the line between combinational and sequential logic, do the gate-delay accounting that finds a circuit's critical path and bounds the clock, meet don't-cares, then introduce CS:APP's Hardware Control Language: bit-level operators, word-level signals, equality nets, and the case expression that compiles to a multiplexer tree.\n",{"path":11861,"title":11862,"module":11854,"summary":11863},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fdigital-logic\u002Fmultiplexers-decoders-and-the-alu","Multiplexers, Decoders, and the ALU","The combinational building blocks that make a datapath. We build the 2:1 and 4:1 multiplexer and tie it back to HCL's case expression, the n-to-2^n decoder, a one-bit full adder (sum is XOR, carry is majority), the ripple-carry adder that chains them, and finally the ALU — a function unit that selects among add, sub, and, and xor under a control input and exposes condition flags.\n",{"path":11865,"title":11866,"module":11854,"summary":11867},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fdigital-logic\u002Fmemory-elements-latches-flip-flops-and-clocking","Memory Elements: Latches, Flip-Flops, and Clocking","A combinational circuit holds no state; feeding a circuit's output back to its input creates memory. We build the SR latch from cross-coupled gates, the level-sensitive D latch, and the master\u002Fslave edge-triggered D flip-flop, then introduce the clock and the synchronous design discipline, the setup\u002Fhold timing window, clock skew, metastability, and the register as n flip-flops sharing one clock.\n",{"path":11869,"title":11870,"module":11854,"summary":11871},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fdigital-logic\u002Fregister-files-and-random-access-memory","Register Files and Random-Access Memory","Storage organized for access by address. We build the register file (a small bank of registers with addressed read ports and clocked write ports, the exact structure Y86-64's decode and write-back stages use), then descend to the SRAM and DRAM cells of main memory, why one is fast and dear and the other dense and slow, and how a row decoder picks a word out of a memory array.\n",{"path":11873,"title":11874,"module":11875,"summary":11876},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fprocessor-design\u002Fthe-fetch-decode-execute-cycle","The Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle","Processor Design","A processor is a machine that repeats one loop forever: read the next instruction from memory, figure out what it asks for, do it, and advance. We fix the stored-program idea, lay out the datapath at a high level — PC, instruction memory, register file, ALU, data memory — and the control unit that sequences them, break the work into the six stages the rest of the module builds in hardware, and work out exactly how fetch parses variable-length instructions and computes the next PC.\n",{"path":11878,"title":11879,"module":11875,"summary":11880},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fprocessor-design\u002Fthe-seq-stages","The SEQ Stages","The six SEQ stages, made exact. For every Y86-64 instruction — halt, nop, the moves, OPq, the jumps, call and ret, pushq and popq — we write down what Fetch, Decode, Execute, Memory, Write-back, and PC update each compute, as per-instruction stage tables with every row justified. Once the tables are filled in, the processor is fully specified; the remaining lessons turn them into wires.\n",{"path":11882,"title":11883,"module":11875,"summary":11884},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fprocessor-design\u002Fcontrol-logic-and-sequencing","Control Logic and Sequencing","The stage tables say what each instruction needs; the control logic computes it from icode. We write the HCL for the register-port selections (srcA, srcB, dstE, dstM), the ALU function and input selection, the memory read\u002Fwrite and address, the branch condition, and the next-PC mux — each a case expression on icode that compiles to a mux — and see how one blob of combinational logic serves every instruction at once. We close by contrasting hardwired control with the microprogrammed alternative.\n",{"path":11886,"title":11887,"module":11875,"summary":11888},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fprocessor-design\u002Fassembling-seq","Assembling SEQ","We wire the whole thing together. The functional units from digital logic and the control signals from the last lesson assemble into the complete SEQ datapath, laid out the way CS:APP draws it — six stages stacked bottom to top, Fetch at the floor and PC update at the ceiling, signals flowing up the margins. Then the timing analysis: why everything must settle in one cycle, the no-reading-back principle that makes single-cycle execution consistent, and the critical path that sets the clock. We close by walking an OPq and a ret through the assembled machine.\n",{"path":11890,"title":11891,"module":11875,"summary":11892},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fprocessor-design\u002Ftracing-a-program","Tracing a Program","To close the module, we take a complete Y86-64 program — a loop that sums 1 through 3 — and run it through SEQ one cycle at a time, recording the PC, the fetched instruction, every stage computation, and the registers, condition codes, and memory after each cycle. Then we examine single cycles in detail: every named signal of an OPq in concrete hex, and a second program whose call and ret we trace through the stack. The traces confirm that the assembled datapath and control logic behave as a processor.\n",{"path":11894,"title":11895,"module":11896,"summary":11897},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fpipelining\u002Fpipelining-principles","Pipelining Principles","Pipelining","A processor that runs one instruction to completion before starting the next wastes most of its hardware most of the time. Pipelining splits the work into stages separated by registers so several instructions are in flight at once. We separate throughput from latency, work the 300 ps example through one, two, and three stages, and derive the three ceilings on the gain: uneven stages, register overhead, and the dependencies between instructions.\n",{"path":11899,"title":11900,"module":11896,"summary":11901},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fpipelining\u002Ffrom-seq-to-pipe","From SEQ to PIPE","We turn the sequential Y86-64 processor into a pipelined one by inserting pipeline registers between its stages so each cycle holds one instruction per stage. Doing it correctly forces a rearrangement: the next-PC computation must move into Fetch as a prediction, because the later stages that used to compute it are now busy with other instructions. We walk SEQ to SEQ+ to PIPE, spell out exactly what each pipeline register carries, and fix the naming discipline (D_stat versus d_stat) that keeps five in-flight instructions straight.\n",{"path":11903,"title":11904,"module":11896,"summary":11905},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fpipelining\u002Fdata-hazards-stalling-and-forwarding","Data Hazards: Stalling and Forwarding","Overlapping instructions collide when a later one needs a value an earlier one has not finished computing: a read-after-write data hazard. We map exactly which instruction distances are dangerous, fix hazards the slow way by stalling (three bubbles), then the fast way by forwarding from five distinct sources into Decode, in a priority order that sequential semantics forces. Forwarding handles almost everything; the load-use hazard still needs exactly one stall.\n",{"path":11907,"title":11908,"module":11896,"summary":11909},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fpipelining\u002Fcontrol-hazards-and-branch-prediction","Control Hazards and Branch Prediction","A pipeline must fetch an instruction every cycle, but after a conditional jump or a ret the next address is not yet known: a control hazard. We measure the branch penalty, weigh predict-taken against its alternatives with real loop arithmetic, watch PIPE detect a misprediction in Execute and squash the two wrong-path instructions, and meet the ret hazard, which has nothing to predict and stalls three cycles. A 2-bit counter gives a taste of dynamic prediction.\n",{"path":11911,"title":11912,"module":11896,"summary":11913},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fpipelining\u002Fthe-complete-pipe-processor","The Complete PIPE Processor","We assemble the full pipelined Y86-64: five stages, five pipeline registers, forwarding paths, and a small control unit that decides, each cycle, whether to stall or bubble each register. The subtle part is when hazards combine: one pairing hides a genuine bug. A fourth control case reads stat and keeps exceptions precise. Performance reduces to CPI = 1 + lp + mp + rp, worked out to 1.27 with realistic frequencies, and PIPE beats SEQ by several times despite every penalty.\n",{"path":11915,"title":11916,"module":11917,"summary":11918},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmemory-hierarchy\u002Fstorage-technologies-and-the-latency-gap","Storage Technologies and the Latency Gap","The Memory Hierarchy","No single memory is both fast and large and cheap. We survey the technologies a machine can store bits in — SRAM, DRAM, flash, and rotating disk — open up a DRAM chip to find the row buffer, work a disk access down to the millisecond, and rank everything by speed, density, and cost per bit. Then we watch the processor outrun memory decade after decade. That widening gap is the whole reason a machine stacks fast small storage on top of slow large storage into a hierarchy.\n",{"path":11920,"title":11921,"module":11917,"summary":11922},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmemory-hierarchy\u002Flocality","Locality","A hierarchy only pays off because programs do not touch memory at random. They reuse recently-used data (temporal locality) and touch nearby data soon after (spatial locality). We make both precise and then quantitative: miss rates for stride-1 and stride-k traversals against a concrete block size, and the loop-order pair on a 2-D array where the same sum misses 16 times one way and 64 times the other — why row-major versus column-major order can change a program's speed by an order of magnitude.\n",{"path":11924,"title":11925,"module":11917,"summary":11926},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmemory-hierarchy\u002Fcache-memories-direct-mapped","Cache Memories and Direct Mapping","A cache is fast SRAM that holds copies of recently-used blocks of main memory. We fix its organization — S sets, E lines per set, B bytes per block — and the way it dissects an address into tag, set index, and block offset, worked bit by bit on a concrete 16-byte cache. Then we run the direct-mapped (E=1) access algorithm end to end on a seven-access trace: index to a set, compare the tag, hit or miss, evict. Cold and conflict misses fall out of the structure, and a two-array ping-pong shows conflict thrashing and its padding fix.\n",{"path":11928,"title":11929,"module":11917,"summary":11930},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmemory-hierarchy\u002Fset-associative-and-write-policies","Set-Associative Caches and Write Policies","Give each set several lines and a block has a choice of homes — fewer conflict misses, at the cost of comparing E tags in parallel and choosing a victim to evict. We re-run the direct-mapped ping-pong trace on a 2-way cache and watch the conflicts vanish, weigh LRU against random replacement, then turn to writes: write-through versus write-back with a dirty bit on a hit, write-allocate versus no-write-allocate on a miss, and a worked traffic count showing when each pairing wins.\n",{"path":11932,"title":11933,"module":11917,"summary":11934},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmemory-hierarchy\u002Fcache-performance-and-cache-friendly-code","Cache Performance and Cache-Friendly Code","Turn the cache mechanism into a number. Hit time, miss rate, and miss penalty combine into the average memory access time; we compute AMAT for a two-level hierarchy with real numbers, weigh the design knobs against each other, and read the memory mountain. Then we write cache-friendly code — the matrix-multiply loop-order case study (ijk versus kij, misses counted per iteration) and loop blocking, where cache-sized tiles turn evicted reuse back into hits.\n",{"path":11936,"title":11937,"module":11938,"summary":11939},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fvirtual-memory\u002Faddress-spaces-and-translation","Address Spaces and Translation","Virtual Memory","Every process runs as if it owns a private, contiguous span of memory — its virtual address space — while the hardware maps those addresses onto a single shared physical memory. We fix virtual memory's three jobs (a cache for disk, a memory manager, a protection boundary), the page as the unit of mapping, and the MMU replacing the virtual page number while the offset passes through untouched — then run one translation end to end at the bit level and trace the control flow of a page hit against a page fault.\n",{"path":11941,"title":11942,"module":11938,"summary":11943},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fvirtual-memory\u002Fpage-tables-and-page-faults","Page Tables and Page Faults","The page table is an array of page-table entries indexed by virtual page number; each entry's valid bit says whether the page is in DRAM, on disk, or unallocated, and its permission, reference, and dirty bits drive protection and replacement. We walk translation as a table lookup, the page fault and demand paging, the clock algorithm the OS uses to approximate LRU, memory mapping and copy-on-write (why fork is cheap), the taxonomy of bad references, and thrashing.\n",{"path":11945,"title":11946,"module":11938,"summary":11947},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fvirtual-memory\u002Fthe-tlb-and-multi-level-page-tables","The TLB and Multi-Level Page Tables","A page-table read on every access would double memory traffic; a flat table for a 48-bit space would occupy 512 GB per process. The TLB fixes the first: a small set-associative cache of PTEs inside the MMU whose tag and index come from the VPN. Multi-level page tables fix the second, allocating only the sub-tables a process uses; x86-64 walks four levels with a 9+9+9+9+12 split. We trace one reference end to end through TLB, walk, and cache, and close with the overlap trick that lets the L1 cache start before translation ends.\n",{"path":11949,"title":11950,"module":11951,"summary":11952},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fexceptions-and-io\u002Fexceptional-control-flow","Exceptional Control Flow","Exceptions & I\u002FO","Beyond the sequential, branch, and call flow a program controls itself, the hardware can divert the processor in response to events. We sort these into four classes — interrupts (asynchronous, from devices), traps (intentional syscalls), faults (recoverable, like a page fault), and aborts (unrecoverable) — then take the mechanism apart: exception numbers and the table dispatch, what the hardware pushes and why it differs from a procedure call, the divide-error \u002F page-fault \u002F general-protection trio on x86-64, the full syscall round trip with a worked write in assembly, and processes and signals as the abstractions ECF makes possible.\n",{"path":11954,"title":11955,"module":11951,"summary":11956},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fexceptions-and-io\u002Finterrupts-and-the-kernel","Interrupts and the Kernel","An I\u002FO device signals completion by raising an interrupt, crossing the privilege boundary from user mode into the kernel. We fix that boundary, follow an interrupt from device through the interrupt controller to its vectored handler, and use the timer interrupt to drive preemptive scheduling and the context switch. Then the I\u002FO mechanics: polling versus interrupt-driven I\u002FO with a cycle count, device registers and memory-mapped I\u002FO versus port I\u002FO, DMA's full transfer walkthrough and its cache hazard, and a disk read traced end to end, from the read syscall to the completion interrupt.\n",{"path":11958,"title":11959,"module":11960,"summary":11961},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmultithreading-and-multicore\u002Fprocesses-threads-and-parallelism","Processes, Threads, and Parallelism","Multithreading & Multicore","Around 2004 the single core stopped getting faster, and the industry's answer was to hand programmers more cores instead. This lesson builds the vocabulary that shift demands: process versus thread and exactly which hardware state each one owns, concurrency versus parallelism, the three kinds of parallelism a machine can exploit, why Dennard scaling ended and forced the multicore turn, and Amdahl's law — the arithmetic that bounds the speedup those cores can deliver.\n",{"path":11963,"title":11964,"module":11960,"summary":11965},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmultithreading-and-multicore\u002Fhardware-multithreading","Hardware Multithreading","A pipeline spends much of its life waiting — on cache misses, on dependences, on branches. Hardware multithreading fills the dead cycles with instructions from another thread. We compare coarse-grained switching (change threads on a long stall), fine-grained interleaving (change every cycle), and simultaneous multithreading (mix threads inside a single cycle), work out exactly which hardware a second thread context duplicates and which it shares, and weigh when SMT pays off and when two threads just fight over one cache.\n",{"path":11967,"title":11968,"module":11960,"summary":11969},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmultithreading-and-multicore\u002Fcache-coherence","Cache Coherence","Give each core its own cache and the same address can live in two places at once, with copies that disagree. We reproduce the stale-copy bug with a two-core trace, then fix it the way hardware does: snooping caches that watch a shared bus and keep every line in a protocol state. We build MSI in full, upgrade it to MESI, contrast invalidation with updating, add coherence misses as the fourth C, and end with false sharing: the performance bug where cores fight over a line while never touching the same byte.\n",{"path":11971,"title":11972,"module":11960,"summary":11973},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmultithreading-and-multicore\u002Fmemory-consistency-and-synchronization","Memory Consistency and Synchronization","Coherence keeps cores agreeing about one location; consistency is the contract about many. We define sequential consistency, then watch real hardware break it: the store buffer lets a load slip ahead of an older store, and the classic two-thread litmus test ends with both sides reading zero. We state x86-TSO precisely, restore order with mfence, build atomic read-modify-write from the lock prefix, xchg, and cmpxchg, and write a spinlock twice — once naively, once bus-friendly — closing with what lock-free progress actually guarantees.\n",{"path":11975,"title":11976,"module":11960,"summary":11977},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fmultithreading-and-multicore\u002Fmulticore-organization","Multicore Organization","Where everything sits on the die. A modern die gives each core private L1 and L2 caches, spreads a shared last-level cache across slices, and wires it all together with a ring or mesh; multi-socket servers add NUMA, where memory is local to one socket and every remote access pays a latency penalty. We walk the floorplan, put numbers on local versus remote latency, meet thread affinity, and account for the two shared resources — coherence traffic and LLC capacity — that decide how far a parallel program scales.\n",{"path":11979,"title":11980,"module":11981,"summary":11982},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fcapstone\u002Fthe-whole-machine","The Whole Machine","Capstone","We take one line of C down the whole tower the course built — compiler to assembly, assembly to machine-code bytes, the bytes into the fetch–decode–execute datapath — then trace one load and one add through the pipelined, cached, translated, interruptible machine, each step cross-linked to the lesson that built it. We close with the map of the course as a stack of layers and an accounting of what we simplified: out-of-order execution, superscalar issue, and speculation past the branch predictor.\n",{"path":11984,"title":11985,"module":11981,"summary":11986},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture\u002Fcapstone\u002Fassembling-a-complete-cpu","Assembling a Complete CPU","We bolt the parts the course built — PC, instruction memory and its fetch logic, register file, ALU, condition codes, data memory, and the control unit — into one complete CPU, name the lesson that built each, wire them in a deliberate order, and power the machine on from reset. Then we assemble a real test program (sum a four-element array through a call\u002Fret procedure), give its exact bytes and memory layout, and trace it cycle by cycle to the answer 0xabcdabcdabcd. We close with how to validate such a machine, and what it takes to put two of them on one die.\n",{"path":11988,"title":11989,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Fcomputer-architecture","Computer Architecture",{"path":11991,"title":11992,"module":10583,"summary":11993},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Ffoundations\u002Fmodels-and-direction-fields","Models, Direction Fields, and Solution Curves","A differential equation relates an unknown function to its own rates of change. Three first-order models — a falling body, a cooling object, a population under predation — share the form dy\u002Fdt = ay - b; the slope field fixes their equilibria and long-run behavior before any formula is found. Solving the linear case gives the general solution, its integral curves, and the particular solution selected by an initial condition.\n",{"path":11995,"title":11996,"module":10583,"summary":11997},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Ffoundations\u002Fclassification-and-terminology","Classifying Equations: Order, Linearity, ODE vs. PDE","Every solution method targets a specific class of equation, so the first question about any differential equation is which classes it belongs to. Four independent axes sort them: ordinary versus partial, order, linear versus nonlinear, and homogeneous versus nonhomogeneous. Systems, verification of a solution by substitution, and the split between initial and boundary value problems complete the vocabulary.\n",{"path":11999,"title":12000,"module":12001,"summary":12002},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Ffirst-order\u002Flinear-first-order-integrating-factors","Linear Equations and Integrating Factors","First-Order Equations","A first-order linear equation has the unknown and its derivative to the first power only. Multiplying by an integrating factor collapses the left side into a single derivative, and one integration gives the general solution in closed form. The solution exists wherever the coefficients are continuous, and for a constant coefficient it splits into a decaying transient and a steady state set by the forcing.\n",{"path":12004,"title":12005,"module":12001,"summary":12006},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Ffirst-order\u002Fseparable-and-exact","Separable and Exact Equations","Two nonlinear first-order classes solve by direct integration. A separable equation splits so that each variable can be integrated on its own side, giving an implicit relation. An exact equation is the total differential of a hidden potential function, recognized by a symmetry test on its coefficients; when the test fails, an integrating factor can sometimes restore exactness. A change of variable brings homogeneous equations into the separable class.\n",{"path":12008,"title":12009,"module":12001,"summary":12010},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Ffirst-order\u002Fmodeling-first-order","Modeling with First-Order Equations","A rate law is a differential equation. Each first-order model starts from one governing principle: conservation of mass for a mixing tank, proportional change for interest and radioactive decay, Newton's law of cooling, a force balance for a body falling against drag, and Kirchhoff's law for a series circuit. Setting the derivative to zero recovers the steady state, and the transient records how the initial condition relaxes toward it.\n",{"path":12012,"title":12013,"module":12001,"summary":12014},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Ffirst-order\u002Fautonomous-and-population-dynamics","Autonomous Equations, Phase Lines, and Population Dynamics","An autonomous equation y' = f(y) can be analyzed qualitatively without being solved. Its constant solutions are the zeros of f, and the sign of f between them fixes whether nearby solutions rise or fall, which the phase line records as a column of arrows. The logistic and threshold models, constant- and effort-proportional harvesting, and the properties nonlinear equations lose all follow from this reading.\n",{"path":12016,"title":12017,"module":12001,"summary":12018},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Ffirst-order\u002Fexistence-uniqueness-euler","Existence, Uniqueness, and Euler's Method","Existence and uniqueness can be settled before any attempt to solve. The existence-uniqueness theorem gives sufficient conditions on f, and a standard example shows what fails when they do not hold. Picard's successive approximations build the solution as the limit of an iteration, and Euler's method turns the same tangent-line idea into a numerical procedure for the equations no formula reaches.\n",{"path":12020,"title":12021,"module":12001,"summary":12022},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Ffirst-order\u002Ffirst-order-difference-equations","First-Order Difference Equations","A difference equation advances a sequence one index at a time by a rule y_{n+1} = f(y_n). The linear case y_{n+1} = rho*y_n + b solves in closed form and converges to its equilibrium exactly when the ratio has magnitude below one, which underlies compound-interest and loan calculations. The logistic difference equation shows the nonlinear counterpart: an exchange of stability, a cascade of period doublings, and the onset of chaos.\n",{"path":12024,"title":12025,"module":12026,"summary":12027},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsecond-order-linear\u002Fhomogeneous-constant-coefficients","Homogeneous Equations, the Wronskian, and Real Roots","Second-Order Linear Equations","A second-order linear homogeneous equation with constant coefficients is solved by guessing an exponential and reducing to the quadratic characteristic equation. Two solutions span every solution exactly when their Wronskian is nonzero; that condition, superposition, and Abel's formula give the full structure of the general solution for the case of two distinct real roots.\n",{"path":12029,"title":12030,"module":12026,"summary":12031},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsecond-order-linear\u002Fcomplex-and-repeated-roots","Complex Roots, Repeated Roots, and Reduction of Order","When the characteristic equation has complex conjugate roots, Euler's formula converts the complex exponentials into a real fundamental set of decaying or growing oscillations. When it has a repeated root, one exponential is lost and reduction of order recovers the missing second solution as $t\\,e^{rt}$. The same substitution $y = v(t)y_1(t)$ finds a second solution from any known one.\n",{"path":12033,"title":12034,"module":12026,"summary":12035},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsecond-order-linear\u002Fnonhomogeneous-undetermined-coefficients","Nonhomogeneous Equations: Undetermined Coefficients","The general solution of a nonhomogeneous linear equation is a complementary solution plus any one particular solution. When the forcing term is a polynomial, exponential, sine, or cosine, a particular solution can be found by assuming a trial form of the same shape with unknown coefficients and solving for them. The one complication is resonance, handled by multiplying the trial by a power of $t$.\n",{"path":12037,"title":12038,"module":12026,"summary":12039},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsecond-order-linear\u002Fvariation-of-parameters","Variation of Parameters","Variation of parameters finds a particular solution of any nonhomogeneous linear equation from a fundamental set of the homogeneous one. Replacing the constants in the complementary solution by functions and imposing one convenient constraint reduces the problem to a two-by-two linear system whose solution is expressed through the Wronskian, giving an integral formula that works for forcing terms undetermined coefficients cannot touch.\n",{"path":12041,"title":12042,"module":12026,"summary":12043},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsecond-order-linear\u002Fmechanical-electrical-vibrations","Mechanical and Electrical Vibrations","A spring-mass-damper obeys a second-order linear equation, and so does a series RLC circuit, with the same mathematics governing both. Free undamped motion is a pure sinusoid; damping adds a decaying envelope with three regimes; periodic forcing produces a transient that dies out and a steady-state oscillation whose amplitude peaks sharply near the natural frequency, the phenomenon of resonance.\n",{"path":12045,"title":12046,"module":12026,"summary":12047},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsecond-order-linear\u002Fhigher-order-linear","Higher-Order Linear Equations","The second-order theory extends directly to order $n$: the solution space is $n$-dimensional, spanned by any $n$ solutions with nonzero Wronskian. For constant coefficients the characteristic polynomial has degree $n$, and its roots (counted with multiplicity, real and complex) build the basis by the same rules as before. Coupled oscillators are the natural application that raises the order.\n",{"path":12049,"title":12050,"module":12051,"summary":12052},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fseries-solutions\u002Fpower-series-ordinary-points","Power Series Solutions Near Ordinary Points","Series Solutions and Special Functions","A linear equation with variable coefficients has no characteristic equation. A power series substituted into the equation matches coefficients to a recurrence relation, which near an ordinary point yields two independent analytic solutions. The radius of convergence is at least the distance from the expansion point to the nearest singular point in the complex plane.\n",{"path":12054,"title":12055,"module":12051,"summary":12056},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fseries-solutions\u002Fregular-singular-frobenius","Euler Equations, Regular Singular Points, and Frobenius","The Euler equation x^2 y'' + a x y' + b y = 0 is solved outright by y = x^r, and its three root cases fix the behavior at any regular singular point. The Frobenius method multiplies x^r by a power series; the indicial equation chooses the exponents, and equal or integer-separated roots force a logarithm in the second solution. Gauss's hypergeometric equation is the archetype containing most classical functions as special cases.\n",{"path":12058,"title":12059,"module":12051,"summary":12060},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fseries-solutions\u002Fbessel-and-special-functions","Bessel's Equation, Legendre Polynomials, and Special Functions","Bessel's equation puts the Frobenius machinery through all three of its cases and produces the functions J and Y that govern anything vibrating or diffusing with circular symmetry. The gamma function extends the factorial so that Bessel functions of every order make sense; Legendre's equation, run through the hypergeometric form, yields the polynomials that play the same role in spherical geometry. Orthogonality ties both families to the eigenfunction expansions of Sturm–Liouville theory.\n",{"path":12062,"title":12063,"module":12064,"summary":12065},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Flaplace\u002Flaplace-definition-ivps","The Laplace Transform: Definition, Properties, and Solving IVPs","The Laplace Transform","The Laplace transform sends a function of time to a function of a complex frequency by integrating it against the kernel e^{-st}. Differentiation in t becomes multiplication by s, so a linear constant-coefficient initial value problem turns into an algebraic equation. Existence rests on piecewise continuity and exponential order; the derivative rule folds in the initial data; and inversion runs through a transform table and partial fractions.\n",{"path":12067,"title":12068,"module":12064,"summary":12069},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Flaplace\u002Fstep-impulse-convolution","Step Functions, Discontinuous Forcing, Impulses, and Convolution","The Heaviside step function and the second shifting theorem transform switches and discontinuous forcing into exponential factors on the transform. The Dirac delta idealizes an instantaneous impulse and transforms to a pure exponential. The convolution theorem inverts a product of transforms, writes the forced response as the impulse response convolved with the input, and solves Abel's tautochrone by transform.\n",{"path":12071,"title":12072,"module":12073,"summary":12074},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsystems\u002Fmatrices-eigenvalues-review","Matrices, Linear Systems, and the Eigenvalue Toolkit","Systems of First-Order Linear Equations","Any nth-order linear equation, and any coupled collection of them, rewrites as a single first-order system x' = P(t)x + g(t). The matrix and vector algebra behind that form, the eigenvalue problem det(A - λI) = 0 that drives every solution method, and the fundamental theory — superposition, the Wronskian, Abel's theorem — together establish that n independent solutions span all solutions.\n",{"path":12076,"title":12077,"module":12073,"summary":12078},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsystems\u002Fconstant-coefficient-systems-phase-portraits","Homogeneous Constant-Coefficient Systems and Phase Portraits","For x' = Ax with A constant, the trial x = ξe^{rt} turns the differential equation into the eigenvalue problem Aξ = rξ. The eigenvalues fix the geometry of the phase plane: real opposite signs give a saddle, real same sign a node, complex a spiral, purely imaginary a center. Worked in the plane, these cases form the eigenvalue-type classification of equilibria.\n",{"path":12080,"title":12081,"module":12073,"summary":12082},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fsystems\u002Frepeated-eigenvalues-fundamental-matrices","Repeated Eigenvalues, Fundamental Matrices, and Nonhomogeneous Systems","When a repeated eigenvalue supplies too few eigenvectors, a generalized eigenvector supplies the missing solution as ξte^{ρt} + ηe^{ρt}, giving an improper node. A fundamental set packaged as a matrix Φ(t) yields the matrix exponential e^{At}, the propagator mapping initial states to later ones. Variation of parameters solves the nonhomogeneous system x' = Ax + g(t).\n",{"path":12084,"title":12085,"module":12086,"summary":12087},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fnumerical\u002Feuler-and-runge-kutta","Euler, Improved Euler, and Runge–Kutta","Numerical Methods","Most initial value problems have no closed-form solution, so the solution is approximated on a grid. Euler's method steps along the tangent line, the improved Euler method averages two slopes, and the classical Runge–Kutta method averages four. Each added stage raises the order of accuracy at the cost of more evaluations per step, measured by how the local and global truncation errors scale with the step size.\n",{"path":12089,"title":12090,"module":12086,"summary":12091},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fnumerical\u002Fmultistep-systems-stability","Multistep Methods, Systems, and Stability","One-step methods discard everything but the last point. Multistep methods fit a polynomial to several past values and integrate it forward: the explicit Adams–Bashforth formulas, the implicit and more accurate Adams–Moulton formulas, and predictor–corrector pairs that combine them. The same rules extend verbatim to systems in vector form. A separate concern is stability: round-off can dominate truncation, and stiff equations force a tiny step for stability even when accuracy would allow a large one.\n",{"path":12093,"title":12094,"module":12095,"summary":12096},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fnonlinear\u002Fphase-plane-autonomous-stability","The Phase Plane, Critical Points, and Stability","Nonlinear Systems and Stability","Most nonlinear systems cannot be solved in closed form, so they are studied geometrically. The phase plane turns an autonomous planar system into a family of trajectories; the five archetypes of critical point follow from the eigenvalues of the coefficient matrix; the trace-determinant plane reads off type and stability directly; and epsilon-delta definitions make stability, asymptotic stability, and instability precise.\n",{"path":12098,"title":12099,"module":12095,"summary":12100},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fnonlinear\u002Flocally-linear-and-liapunov","Locally Linear Systems and Liapunov's Method","Near a critical point a nonlinear system looks linear, and the linear part is the Jacobian. The linearization fixes the type and stability of the nonlinear critical point in every case except a center or a repeated eigenvalue. Liapunov's direct method settles those cases and bounds the basin of attraction by constructing an energy-like function, without solving the system.\n",{"path":12102,"title":12103,"module":12095,"summary":12104},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fnonlinear\u002Fcompeting-species-predator-prey-limit-cycles","Population Models, Limit Cycles, and Chaos","The phase-plane methods apply directly to interacting-population models. Competing species either coexist or drive one another to extinction, decided by a single inequality among the interaction constants; the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey system produces closed population cycles. Limit cycles and the Poincaré-Bendixson theorem, the van der Pol oscillator, and the Lorenz equations with their strange attractor carry the theory into chaos.\n",{"path":12106,"title":12107,"module":12108,"summary":12109},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fpdes-fourier-bvp\u002Ffourier-series","Fourier Series and Convergence","PDEs, Fourier Series, and Boundary Value Problems","A two-point boundary value problem has nontrivial solutions only at a discrete set of eigenvalues, the same trichotomy that governs a singular linear system. For y'' + lambda y = 0 with zero endpoints the eigenfunctions are sines and cosines, and their orthogonality gives the Euler-Fourier coefficient formulas. The convergence theorem fixes when the series returns the function, the Gibbs phenomenon measures the overshoot at a jump, and even\u002Fodd symmetry produces half-range sine and cosine series.\n",{"path":12111,"title":12112,"module":12108,"summary":12113},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fpdes-fourier-bvp\u002Fheat-wave-laplace-equations","Separation of Variables: Heat, Wave, and Laplace Equations","Separation of variables replaces a partial differential equation by a pair of ordinary ones joined through a shared separation constant. Applied to the heat equation it produces the eigenvalue problem X'' + lambda X = 0, and the solution assembles as a Fourier series in the eigenfunctions. The same steps solve the wave equation, whose modes are standing waves, and Laplace's equation, the steady-state limit posed on a region rather than an interval.\n",{"path":12115,"title":12116,"module":12108,"summary":12117},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fpdes-fourier-bvp\u002Fsturm-liouville","Sturm-Liouville Theory","The eigenvalue problem behind separation of variables generalizes to the self-adjoint Sturm-Liouville form. Lagrange's identity makes the operator symmetric, and from that one fact follow real eigenvalues, orthogonal eigenfunctions, and eigenfunction expansions that behave like Fourier series. Singular problems admit Bessel and Legendre functions, and Sturm's separation and comparison theorems describe how the eigenfunctions oscillate.\n",{"path":12119,"title":12120,"module":12121,"summary":12122},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fhistory-variations\u002Fcalculus-of-variations","The Calculus of Variations","Historical Notes and the Calculus of Variations","Ordinary calculus finds the point where a function is stationary; the calculus of variations finds the whole curve where an integral is stationary. Euler's differential equation is the necessary condition for an extremal, and it becomes integrable in three cases, solving the shortest-path, minimal-surface, and brachistochrone problems. Lagrange multipliers extend the method to isoperimetric constraints, and Hamilton's principle recovers Newton's law from a single stationary integral.\n",{"path":12124,"title":12125,"module":12121,"summary":12126},"\u002Fdifferential-equations\u002Fhistory-variations\u002Fhistorical-notes","Great Problems and the People Who Solved Them","Differential equations grew out of specific problems, not a plan: the invention of calculus by Newton and Leibniz, the Bernoulli brachistochrone challenge, Euler's flood of methods, Lagrange's analytical mechanics, Gauss and Riemann's rigor, Laplace's celestial mechanics, and Poincaré's qualitative theory. Each method descends from a named problem, and reading the subject forward from those problems explains why its parts fit together.\n",{"path":12128,"title":12129,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Fdifferential-equations","Differential Equations",{"path":12131,"title":12132,"module":12133,"summary":12134},"\u002Frelativity\u002Ffoundations\u002Fspecial-relativity-postulates","The Postulates of Special Relativity","Foundations of Relativity","Newton's laws are the same in every inertial frame, but Maxwell's are not: the equations of electromagnetism single out one speed, c, and the nineteenth century read that as the speed of light relative to a medium, the ether. The Michelson-Morley experiment looked for Earth's motion through that medium and found nothing. Einstein's two postulates replace the ether, and their first consequence is that simultaneity is frame-dependent.\n",{"path":12136,"title":12137,"module":12133,"summary":12138},"\u002Frelativity\u002Ffoundations\u002Florentz-transformation-spacetime","The Lorentz Transformation and Spacetime","Requiring that a light sphere stay a light sphere in every inertial frame fixes the coordinate change between frames uniquely: the Lorentz transformation, with its factor gamma. Differentiating it gives relativistic velocity addition, which caps composed speeds at c. Plotting the same events on skewed spacetime axes turns the algebra into geometry, with calibration hyperbolae, an invariant interval, and a light cone that sorts events into past, future, and elsewhere.\n",{"path":12140,"title":12141,"module":12133,"summary":12142},"\u002Frelativity\u002Ffoundations\u002Ftime-dilation-length-contraction","Time Dilation, Length Contraction, and Paradoxes","A light clock and the constancy of c give the two headline effects directly: a moving clock runs slow by gamma, and a moving rod is short by the same factor. Cosmic-ray muons reaching sea level are the standing experimental proof. The relativistic Doppler effect adds the time-dilation factor to the classical shift, and the twin and pole-barn paradoxes dissolve once the relativity of simultaneity is taken seriously.\n",{"path":12144,"title":12145,"module":12133,"summary":12146},"\u002Frelativity\u002Ffoundations\u002Frelativistic-momentum-energy","Relativistic Momentum and Energy","Conserving momentum in every inertial frame forces the redefinition p = gamma m u, which diverges as the speed approaches c. Integrating the corresponding force gives the total energy E = gamma m c-squared, whose rest term m c-squared is Einstein's mass-energy equivalence. Energy and momentum join into a four-vector whose invariant length is the rest energy, giving E-squared = (pc)-squared + (m c-squared)-squared, massless particles, and nuclear binding energy.\n",{"path":12148,"title":12149,"module":12133,"summary":12150},"\u002Frelativity\u002Ffoundations\u002Fgeneral-relativity","A Taste of General Relativity","Einstein's happiest thought was that a freely falling observer feels no gravity: a uniform gravitational field is locally indistinguishable from an accelerating frame. That equivalence principle predicts that light bends near a mass, that clocks run slow deep in a gravitational well, that Mercury's orbit precesses, and that radar echoes are delayed. Every prediction has been confirmed, and pushing the redshift to its limit gives the black hole.\n",{"path":12152,"title":12153,"module":12154,"summary":12155},"\u002Frelativity\u002Fspacetime-and-the-lorentz-group\u002Fminkowski-spacetime-and-the-interval","Minkowski Spacetime and the Interval","Spacetime and the Lorentz Group","The Lorentz transformation of the foundations module is repackaged as the geometry of a four-dimensional space whose invariant is not a distance but the spacetime interval. Events, worldlines, and the metric signature define a causal structure that every observer shares. Proper time is the length of a timelike worldline, and the twin paradox becomes the statement that a straight worldline accumulates the most proper time.\n",{"path":12157,"title":12158,"module":12154,"summary":12159},"\u002Frelativity\u002Fspacetime-and-the-lorentz-group\u002Ffour-vectors-and-index-notation","Four-Vectors and Index Notation","The index calculus that the rest of the course runs on. Contravariant and covariant components, the Minkowski metric as the machine that raises and lowers indices, and the Einstein summation convention are assembled into scalar products that are the same in every frame. The four-velocity and four-acceleration follow, together with the identity that the four-velocity has constant invariant length.\n",{"path":12161,"title":12162,"module":12154,"summary":12163},"\u002Frelativity\u002Fspacetime-and-the-lorentz-group\u002Fthe-lorentz-group-and-rapidity","The Lorentz Group and Rapidity","The Lorentz transformations are the linear maps that preserve the Minkowski metric, and they form the group O(1,3). Boosts are hyperbolic rotations parametrized by rapidity, which adds along a line where velocity does not. The boost and rotation generators fix the group's local structure; its four disconnected components are set by two signs; and two non-collinear boosts compose into a boost plus a rotation, the Wigner rotation behind Thomas precession.\n",{"path":12165,"title":12166,"module":12154,"summary":12167},"\u002Frelativity\u002Fspacetime-and-the-lorentz-group\u002Fdoppler-aberration-and-appearance","Doppler, Aberration, and Appearance","Light carries a null four-momentum, and boosting it produces every optical effect of relativity at once. The covariant Doppler formula follows from the transformation of frequency, aberration from the transformation of direction, and the headlight effect from the resulting concentration of light forward. The Terrell-Penrose result shows that a fast object photographs as rotated, not contracted.\n",{"path":12169,"title":12170,"module":12171,"summary":12172},"\u002Frelativity\u002Frelativistic-dynamics\u002Ffour-momentum-force-and-accelerated-motion","Four-Momentum, Four-Force, and Accelerated Motion","Relativistic Dynamics","The four-momentum packages energy and momentum into a single vector whose invariant length is the rest mass. Its proper-time derivative is the four-force, always orthogonal to the four-velocity, and a constant orthogonal four-force produces hyperbolic motion. Constant proper acceleration gives rapidity linear in proper time, the relativistic rocket equation, and the Rindler horizon behind an eternally accelerating observer.\n",{"path":12174,"title":12175,"module":12171,"summary":12176},"\u002Frelativity\u002Frelativistic-dynamics\u002Fparticle-decays-and-two-body-kinematics","Particle Decays and Two-Body Kinematics","Conservation of four-momentum fixes the kinematics of a decay from the masses alone. In the center-of-momentum frame a parent breaks into two daughters with equal and opposite momenta and energies set by the Kallen triangle function. Boosting to the lab opens the decay into a cone, and the invariant mass built from the daughters reconstructs the parent as a peak. Worked cases: the two-photon decay of the neutral pion and a heavy two-body hadronic decay.\n",{"path":12178,"title":12179,"module":12171,"summary":12180},"\u002Frelativity\u002Frelativistic-dynamics\u002Fcollisions-thresholds-and-the-cm-frame","Relativistic Collisions and Threshold Energies","Two-body collisions run on the same conserved four-momentum as decays. The invariant s sets the total energy available in the center-of-momentum frame and therefore the threshold for producing new particles. Fixed-target energy grows only as the square root of beam energy while a collider grows linearly, which is why colliders reach high energy. Compton scattering follows as a worked photon-electron collision giving the wavelength shift.\n",{"path":12182,"title":12183,"module":12171,"summary":12184},"\u002Frelativity\u002Frelativistic-dynamics\u002Fmandelstam-variables-and-invariants","Mandelstam Variables and Lorentz Invariants","For a two-to-two process the three Mandelstam invariants s, t, and u encode all the kinematics in frame-independent form. They obey a single linear constraint, the sum of the four squared masses, so only two are independent. s is the center-of-momentum energy squared, t and u are momentum transfers tied to the scattering angle, and crossing symmetry relates one amplitude across three channels through these variables.\n",{"path":12186,"title":12187,"module":12188,"summary":12189},"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcovariant-electrodynamics\u002Ffour-current-and-the-four-potential","The Four-Current and Four-Potential","Covariant Electromagnetism","Charge density and current combine into a single four-vector whose divergence is charge conservation. The scalar and vector potentials combine likewise into the four-potential, whose gauge freedom fixes to the Lorenz condition, reducing Maxwell's equations for the potentials to a single wave equation sourced by the four-current.\n",{"path":12191,"title":12192,"module":12188,"summary":12193},"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcovariant-electrodynamics\u002Fthe-electromagnetic-field-tensor","The Electromagnetic Field Tensor","The antisymmetric derivative of the four-potential is the field-strength tensor F, gauge invariant by construction, with the electric and magnetic fields as its components. Its dual exchanges E and B, and its two contractions form the Lorentz invariants that classify a field as electric, magnetic, or radiative in every frame.\n",{"path":12195,"title":12196,"module":12188,"summary":12197},"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcovariant-electrodynamics\u002Ftransformation-of-electric-and-magnetic-fields","How E and B Transform","Transforming the field tensor under a boost gives explicit rules for the electric and magnetic fields: components along the motion are unchanged, transverse components mix and pick up a gamma. The field of a uniformly moving charge compresses transversely, and the force between a current and a moving charge shows that magnetism is the relativistic shadow of electrostatics.\n",{"path":12199,"title":12200,"module":12188,"summary":12201},"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcovariant-electrodynamics\u002Fcovariant-maxwell-and-the-stress-energy-tensor","Covariant Maxwell and the Stress–Energy Tensor","Maxwell's four equations collapse into two tensor equations, one sourced by the four-current and one an identity on the field strength, with charge conservation automatic. The Lorentz force becomes a four-vector law, and the field's energy, momentum, and stress assemble into a symmetric, conserved stress–energy tensor — the object that will source gravity.\n",{"path":12203,"title":12204,"module":12205,"summary":12206},"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcurved-spacetime\u002Fthe-equivalence-principle-formalized","The Equivalence Principle","Curved Spacetime","The equality of gravitational and inertial mass promotes to a physical principle in three graded strengths — weak, Einstein, and strong. A freely falling laboratory is locally indistinguishable from an inertial frame, but the qualifier \"locally\" is essential: the size of the patch over which gravity vanishes is set by the tidal field, which no change of frame can remove. Tidal forces are the true, coordinate-independent signature of gravity, and they are what curvature will measure.\n",{"path":12208,"title":12209,"module":12205,"summary":12210},"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcurved-spacetime\u002Fmanifolds-vectors-and-the-metric","Manifolds, Vectors, and the Metric","A manifold is a space that looks locally like flat space, described by overlapping coordinate charts. Tangent vectors are directional derivatives with the coordinate basis vectors as partial-derivative operators; one-forms live in the dual space; and the metric tensor turns a coordinate line element into an invariant length. The 2-sphere and Rindler metrics serve as worked examples, including the coordinate singularities that are artefacts of the chart, not of the geometry.\n",{"path":12212,"title":12213,"module":12205,"summary":12214},"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcurved-spacetime\u002Fcovariant-derivative-and-christoffel-symbols","Parallel Transport and the Covariant Derivative","The ordinary derivative of a vector field is not a tensor, because it subtracts vectors living in different tangent spaces. A connection supplies the missing comparison: the covariant derivative adds Christoffel-symbol correction terms that cancel the coordinate artefacts. Requiring the connection to be torsion-free and to preserve the metric fixes the Christoffel symbols uniquely in terms of derivatives of the metric, giving the Levi-Civita connection that general relativity uses.\n",{"path":12216,"title":12217,"module":12205,"summary":12218},"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcurved-spacetime\u002Fgeodesics-and-the-geodesic-equation","Geodesics and the Newtonian Limit","Free fall is geodesic motion: a freely falling particle follows the straightest possible worldline, obtained either by parallel-transporting its own tangent vector or by extremizing proper time. Both routes give the geodesic equation. Affine parameters, and conserved quantities from symmetries via Killing vectors, make it solvable. In the weak-field slow-motion limit the geodesic equation reproduces Newton's law of gravity, fixing the time-time metric component as the Newtonian potential.\n",{"path":12220,"title":12221,"module":12205,"summary":12222},"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcurved-spacetime\u002Fcurvature-riemann-and-geodesic-deviation","Curvature and the Riemann Tensor","Curvature is the failure of parallel transport to commute: carrying a vector around an infinitesimal loop returns it rotated, and the rotation per unit area is the Riemann tensor. Its symmetries cut the components to twenty in four dimensions. Geodesic deviation makes it the equation of tidal forces, and its contractions — the Ricci tensor, the Ricci scalar, and the divergence-free Einstein tensor — assemble the objects the field equation is built from.\n",{"path":12224,"title":12225,"module":12205,"summary":12226},"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcurved-spacetime\u002Fthe-einstein-field-equations","The Einstein Field Equations","The field equation is assembled from a short list of requirements: a symmetric, divergence-free, second-order geometric tensor set proportional to the stress–energy tensor, with the coefficient fixed by the Newtonian limit. The cosmological constant is the one extra term the requirements allow. The Einstein–Hilbert action gives the same equation from a variational principle, and the coupled system closes the logic of the module: matter curves spacetime, and spacetime tells matter how to move.\n",{"path":12228,"title":12229,"module":12230,"summary":12231},"\u002Frelativity\u002Fthe-schwarzschild-solution\u002Fthe-schwarzschild-metric","The Schwarzschild Metric","The Schwarzschild Solution","The first exact solution of Einstein's equation follows from two assumptions, staticity and spherical symmetry, imposed on the vacuum outside a mass. Solving the vacuum field equations fixes two metric functions and produces the Schwarzschild geometry, whose one length scale is the Schwarzschild radius $r_s = 2GM\u002Fc^2$. Birkhoff's theorem shows this is the only spherical vacuum, and the far field reduces to Newtonian gravity.\n",{"path":12233,"title":12234,"module":12230,"summary":12235},"\u002Frelativity\u002Fthe-schwarzschild-solution\u002Fgeodesics-and-orbits-in-schwarzschild","Orbits in the Schwarzschild Geometry","The two Killing symmetries of the Schwarzschild metric give a conserved energy and angular momentum per unit mass, reducing geodesic motion to a one-dimensional problem in an effective potential. The potential carries an extra attractive $1\u002Fr^3$ term absent from Newton's, which caps the centrifugal barrier, produces an innermost stable circular orbit at $6GM\u002Fc^2$, and makes bound orbits precess instead of closing.\n",{"path":12237,"title":12238,"module":12230,"summary":12239},"\u002Frelativity\u002Fthe-schwarzschild-solution\u002Flight-bending-and-null-geodesics","Null Geodesics and the Photon Sphere","Light follows null geodesics, governed by a photon effective potential with a single unstable maximum at $3GM\u002Fc^2$, the photon sphere. The impact parameter sorts rays into those that escape with a deflection and those captured, with the critical value $b_c = 3\\sqrt{3}\\,GM\u002Fc^2$ dividing them. A grazing ray bends by $4GM\u002F(c^2 b)$, twice the naive Newtonian value, and the critical impact parameter sets the edge of a black hole's shadow.\n",{"path":12241,"title":12242,"module":12243,"summary":12244},"\u002Frelativity\u002Ftests-of-general-relativity\u002Fperihelion-precession-of-mercury","The Perihelion Precession of Mercury","Tests of General Relativity","A single extra term in the Schwarzschild orbit equation, cubic in the inverse radius, keeps a bound orbit from closing. The perturbation advances the perihelion by 6πGM\u002F(c²a(1−e²)) per revolution, which for Mercury is 43 arcseconds per century — exactly the anomaly left after Newtonian planetary perturbations are subtracted. A note on frame dragging closes the lesson.\n",{"path":12246,"title":12247,"module":12243,"summary":12248},"\u002Frelativity\u002Ftests-of-general-relativity\u002Fdeflection-of-light-and-gravitational-lensing","Light Deflection and Gravitational Lensing","A light ray grazing the Sun bends by 4GM\u002F(c²b), exactly twice the value a Newtonian corpuscle would give; the extra factor is the curvature of space. The 1919 eclipse confirmed it. The same bending focuses light from distant sources into Einstein rings, multiple images, and microlensing brightenings, making lensing a direct probe of mass, including mass that emits no light.\n",{"path":12250,"title":12251,"module":12243,"summary":12252},"\u002Frelativity\u002Ftests-of-general-relativity\u002Fgravitational-redshift-and-shapiro-delay","Gravitational Redshift and the Shapiro Delay","A clock deeper in a gravitational well ticks slower, and a photon climbing out loses frequency by the ratio of the metric's time-time components. Pound and Rebka measured the 2.5×10⁻¹⁵ shift over a 22.5-metre tower. Radar signals grazing the Sun return late by about 250 microseconds, the Shapiro delay. Both probe the time part of the metric directly.\n",{"path":12254,"title":12255,"module":12243,"summary":12256},"\u002Frelativity\u002Ftests-of-general-relativity\u002Frelativity-in-technology-gps","Relativity and the Global Positioning System","A GPS satellite clock runs slow by 7 microseconds a day from its orbital speed and fast by 46 from its higher gravitational potential, a net gain of about 38 microseconds a day. Left uncorrected, the timing error would grow into kilometres of position error within a day and exceed navigation tolerance within minutes. The satellites carry a pre-launch frequency offset to cancel it.\n",{"path":12258,"title":12259,"module":12260,"summary":12261},"\u002Frelativity\u002Fblack-holes\u002Fhorizons-and-coordinate-singularities","Horizons and Coordinate Singularities","Black Holes","The Schwarzschild radius is a coordinate singularity, not a curvature singularity: the metric blows up there only because the static coordinates fail, while the geometry stays finite. Eddington–Finkelstein and Kruskal– Szekeres coordinates cross the horizon smoothly and show the light cones tipping toward the center. A freely falling observer reaches the true singularity at r=0 in finite proper time, while a distant observer sees the infall freeze and redden at the horizon.\n",{"path":12263,"title":12264,"module":12260,"summary":12265},"\u002Frelativity\u002Fblack-holes\u002Frotating-and-charged-black-holes","Rotating and Charged Black Holes","A stationary black hole is fixed by three numbers: mass, angular momentum, and charge. The Reissner–Nordström metric adds charge and splits the horizon in two; the Kerr metric adds rotation, drags inertial frames, and wraps the horizon in an ergosphere where nothing can stay still. Inside the ergosphere the Penrose process extracts rotational energy, and the no-hair theorem states that no other detail of the collapsed matter survives.\n",{"path":12267,"title":12268,"module":12260,"summary":12269},"\u002Frelativity\u002Fblack-holes\u002Fblack-hole-thermodynamics","Black-Hole Thermodynamics","The four laws of black-hole mechanics mirror the four laws of thermodynamics term for term, with horizon area playing the role of entropy and surface gravity the role of temperature. Hawking's calculation makes the analogy literal: a black hole radiates at a temperature set by its surface gravity, carries a real entropy proportional to its horizon area, and slowly evaporates. The thermal spectrum raises the information paradox.\n",{"path":12271,"title":12272,"module":12273,"summary":12274},"\u002Frelativity\u002Fgravitational-waves\u002Flinearized-gravity-and-wave-solutions","Linearized Gravity and Wave Solutions","Gravitational Waves","Weak gravity is a small perturbation of flat spacetime, and the linearized Einstein equation in the Lorenz gauge is an ordinary wave equation propagating at the speed of light. The trace-reversed perturbation carries the dynamics, residual gauge freedom fixes the transverse-traceless form, and the two physical polarizations deform a ring of freely falling masses into oscillating ellipses whose fractional size change is the strain.\n",{"path":12276,"title":12277,"module":12273,"summary":12278},"\u002Frelativity\u002Fgravitational-waves\u002Fgeneration-and-the-quadrupole-formula","The Quadrupole Formula","The retarded solution of the linearized field equation gives the field of a moving source, and conservation of mass and momentum forbids monopole and dipole radiation, leaving the mass quadrupole as the leading emitter. The quadrupole formula fixes the strain and the radiated luminosity, and applied to a compact binary it predicts the inspiral chirp of rising frequency and amplitude. The Hulse-Taylor pulsar's orbital decay confirmed it to a fraction of a percent.\n",{"path":12280,"title":12281,"module":12273,"summary":12282},"\u002Frelativity\u002Fgravitational-waves\u002Fdetection-ligo-and-the-first-events","LIGO and the First Detections","A gravitational wave is measured as a differential length change of the two arms of a kilometre-scale Michelson interferometer, a strain of order ten to the minus twenty-one that moves the mirrors by a fraction of a proton radius. GW150914 recorded the inspiral, merger, and ringdown of two black holes, fixing their masses and the energy radiated, and GW170817 with its coincident gamma-ray burst and kilonova opened multimessenger astronomy.\n",{"path":12284,"title":12285,"module":12286,"summary":12287},"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcosmological-bridge\u002Fthe-cosmological-principle-and-flrw-metric","The Cosmological Principle and the FLRW Metric","A Bridge to Cosmology","Homogeneity and isotropy restrict the spacetime of the universe to a single family of metrics: a flat cosmic-time slicing of spatial sections of constant curvature, scaled by a time-dependent factor a(t). This lesson builds the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric from those symmetries, separates comoving from proper distance, and derives cosmological redshift as the stretching of wavelengths with the scale factor.\n",{"path":12289,"title":12290,"module":12286,"summary":12291},"\u002Frelativity\u002Fcosmological-bridge\u002Ffriedmann-equations-and-cosmic-dynamics","The Friedmann Equations and Cosmic Dynamics","The Einstein equation applied to the FLRW metric with a perfect-fluid source yields the two Friedmann equations and the conservation law that ties them together. This lesson derives them, defines the critical density and the density parameters that fix the spatial geometry, works out how matter, radiation, and a cosmological constant dilute and drive the expansion, and hands off to a dedicated cosmology subject.\n",{"path":12293,"title":12294,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Frelativity","Relativity",{"path":12296,"title":12297,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Fphysical-computing","Physical Computing",{"path":12299,"title":12300,"module":12301,"summary":12302},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fold-quantum-theory\u002Fblackbody-radiation-and-the-planck-quantum","Blackbody Radiation and the Planck Quantum","Origins of the Quantum","Millikan's oil-drop experiment fixed the electron charge as an indivisible unit, and the spectrum of thermal radiation forced a second, deeper quantum. Classical physics predicts an infinite energy density at short wavelengths; Planck removed the divergence by allowing a cavity oscillator to hold only energies that are integer multiples of hf, the first appearance of the quantum of action.\n",{"path":12304,"title":12305,"module":12301,"summary":12306},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fold-quantum-theory\u002Fthe-photoelectric-effect-and-the-photon","The Photoelectric Effect and the Photon","Light shone on a clean metal ejects electrons, but the details defied the wave theory: the electrons' maximum energy depends on the light's frequency, not its brightness, and there is a sharp threshold frequency below which nothing happens. Einstein resolved every anomaly by treating light as a stream of energy quanta hf, each absorbed whole by one electron, and Millikan's measurement of the stopping-potential slope confirmed h to a decade before anyone expected.\n",{"path":12308,"title":12309,"module":12301,"summary":12310},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fold-quantum-theory\u002Fx-rays-and-the-compton-effect","X-Rays and the Compton Effect","X-rays are short-wavelength electromagnetic waves produced when fast electrons are braked in a target, and their diffraction by crystals lets Bragg's law measure atomic spacings. Compton then scattered X-rays off electrons and found the wavelength shifted by an amount that only a photon carrying momentum hf\u002Fc could explain, closing the case for the particle nature of light.\n",{"path":12312,"title":12313,"module":12301,"summary":12314},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fold-quantum-theory\u002Fthe-old-quantum-theory-bohr-and-sommerfeld","The Old Quantum Theory: Bohr, Sommerfeld, and Correspondence","Between Bohr's 1913 atom and Schrödinger's 1926 equation, physics ran on a provisional recipe: keep classical orbits, but admit only those whose action integral is a whole multiple of Planck's constant. This lesson develops the Wilson-Sommerfeld phase-integral rule, applies it to the oscillator and to the elliptical Kepler orbits of hydrogen, derives Sommerfeld's relativistic fine structure and the quantization of orbit orientation, and shows how the correspondence principle fixed intensities and selection rules. The systematic failures — helium, line intensities, the anomalous Zeeman effect — mark exactly where a theory of orbits had to give way to a theory of waves.\n",{"path":12316,"title":12317,"module":12318,"summary":12319},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fmatter-waves\u002Fde-broglie-waves-and-electron-diffraction","De Broglie Waves and Electron Diffraction","The Wave Nature of Matter","In 1924 de Broglie proposed that every particle carries a wave of wavelength h\u002Fp. The hypothesis explains Bohr's quantized orbits as standing waves, and Davisson and Germer, then G. P. Thomson, confirmed it by diffracting electrons from crystals exactly as X-rays diffract. We derive the electron wavelength, work the Bragg analysis of the data, and give the relativistic form.\n",{"path":12321,"title":12322,"module":12318,"summary":12323},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fmatter-waves\u002Fwave-packets-and-the-probability-interpretation","Wave Packets and the Probabilistic Wave Function","A single de Broglie wave fills all space, but a particle is localized. Adding many waves of nearby wavelength builds a wave packet that is confined and moves at the group velocity, which equals the particle velocity. Born's rule reads the squared amplitude of the wave function as a probability density, the meaning confirmed by electron interference building up one detection at a time.\n",{"path":12325,"title":12326,"module":12318,"summary":12327},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fmatter-waves\u002Fthe-uncertainty-principle","The Uncertainty Principle and Wave-Particle Duality","The packet relations delta-k delta-x about 1 become Heisenberg's principle once momentum is hbar times wave number: position and momentum cannot both be sharp, nor energy and time. The gamma-ray microscope shows the limit is physical, not technical. It fixes the zero-point energy of a confined particle, the size of the hydrogen atom, and the natural width of spectral lines, and it frames the wave-particle duality of all matter and radiation.\n",{"path":12329,"title":12330,"module":12331,"summary":12332},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fwave-mechanics-1d\u002Fthe-schrodinger-equation-in-one-dimension","The Schrödinger Equation in One Dimension","Wave Mechanics in One Dimension","The wave equation for matter cannot be derived; it is postulated and judged by experiment. We build the time-dependent Schrödinger equation from the de Broglie relations, read Born's probability rule off the complex wave function, and separate the time and space dependence to get the time-independent equation whose bound-state solutions are the stationary states. The five acceptability conditions on the wave function are what force energy to be quantized.\n",{"path":12334,"title":12335,"module":12331,"summary":12336},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fwave-mechanics-1d\u002Fthe-free-particle-and-wave-packet-dynamics","The Free Particle and Wave-Packet Dynamics","The free particle has no bound states: its stationary solutions are non-normalizable plane waves forming a continuum. Physical states are wave packets built by superposing them, and the superposition is a Fourier transform. We delta-normalize the plane waves, assemble a Gaussian packet, solve for its exact time evolution, and read off the two facts that reconcile the wave picture with mechanics: the packet moves at the group velocity ħk\u002Fm, the classical velocity, and it spreads because its component momenta travel at different speeds.\n",{"path":12338,"title":12339,"module":12331,"summary":12340},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fwave-mechanics-1d\u002Fparticle-in-infinite-and-finite-square-wells","Particle in Infinite and Finite Square Wells","The infinite square well is the simplest bound-state problem: two boundary conditions quantize the energy into a ladder E_n = n² E_1, and the eigenfunctions are the standing waves of a string fixed at both ends. Relaxing the walls to a finite depth lets the wave function leak into the classically forbidden region, keeps the number of bound states finite, and turns the eigenvalue condition into a transcendental equation solved graphically.\n",{"path":12342,"title":12343,"module":12331,"summary":12344},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fwave-mechanics-1d\u002Foperators-expectation-values-and-the-harmonic-oscillator","Operators, Expectation Values, and the Harmonic Oscillator","Measurable quantities are extracted from the wave function as expectation values, and each observable is represented by an operator that acts between Ψ* and Ψ — position by multiplication, momentum by a derivative, energy by the Hamiltonian. Applied to the harmonic oscillator, the machinery yields evenly spaced levels E_n = (n+½)ℏω, Gaussian- times-Hermite eigenfunctions of definite parity, and the selection rule Δn = ±1.\n",{"path":12346,"title":12347,"module":12331,"summary":12348},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fwave-mechanics-1d\u002Fthe-dirac-delta-potential","The Dirac-Delta Potential: A Single Bound State and Scattering","A potential concentrated at a single point is solvable in closed form and isolates the physics of matching a wave function across a discontinuity. Integrating the Schrödinger equation across the spike gives a jump condition on the derivative; the attractive delta well then supports exactly one bound state, of energy set by the strength alone, while the same spike scatters an incoming beam with a transmission that rises from zero to one. The attractive well and the repulsive barrier scatter identically yet only the well binds.\n",{"path":12350,"title":12351,"module":12331,"summary":12352},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fwave-mechanics-1d\u002Fbarrier-penetration-and-quantum-tunneling","Barrier Penetration and Quantum Tunneling","Unbound states scatter rather than bind. A particle meeting a step is partly reflected even when it has more than enough energy to pass, and a particle meeting a barrier taller than its energy has a nonzero chance of appearing on the far side. Matching the wave function across the boundaries gives the reflection and transmission coefficients and the exponential tunneling probability that explains alpha decay, the scanning tunneling microscope, and the ammonia clock.\n",{"path":12354,"title":12355,"module":12356,"summary":12357},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fformalism\u002Fhilbert-space-and-dirac-notation","Hilbert Space and Dirac Bra–Ket Notation","The Formalism of Quantum Mechanics","Wave mechanics is one representation of a deeper structure: quantum states are vectors in a complex inner-product space, and observables act on them as linear operators. We build that space from the axioms, introduce Dirac's kets and bras as vectors and the linear functionals that measure them, and identify the wavefunction as the components of an abstract state in the position basis. The resolution of the identity is the single algebraic tool that ties every basis, expansion, and matrix element together.\n",{"path":12359,"title":12360,"module":12356,"summary":12361},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fformalism\u002Fobservables-hermitian-operators-and-eigenvalues","Observables, Hermitian Operators, and the Spectral Theorem","Every measurable quantity is represented by a Hermitian operator, and the reason is forced: a measurement needs real eigenvalues, orthogonal eigenvectors, and a complete eigenbasis, and Hermiticity delivers precisely those. We derive those properties from self-adjointness, state the spectral theorem, handle degeneracy, and show that two observables share an eigenbasis precisely when they commute — the algebraic condition behind compatible and incompatible measurements.\n",{"path":12363,"title":12364,"module":12356,"summary":12365},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fformalism\u002Fthe-postulates-and-quantum-measurement","The Postulates and Quantum Measurement","With states as vectors and observables as Hermitian operators, the physical content of quantum mechanics reduces to a short list of postulates. We state them precisely, derive the Born probability rule for discrete and continuous spectra, work out projective collapse and its idempotence, compute expectation values and their variance, and state the measurement problem cleanly — the one place the postulates split unitary evolution from measurement without explaining the seam.\n",{"path":12367,"title":12368,"module":12356,"summary":12369},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fformalism\u002Fposition-momentum-and-continuous-spectra","Position, Momentum, and Continuous Spectra","Position and momentum are the observables with no normalizable eigenstates: their spectra are continuous, their eigenkets are delta-normalized, and the two are Fourier conjugates. We derive the canonical commutator from the momentum operator, build the continuous-basis machinery (Dirac deltas replacing Kronecker deltas), show the position and momentum wavefunctions are a Fourier-transform pair, and compute expectation values in either representation.\n",{"path":12371,"title":12372,"module":12356,"summary":12373},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fformalism\u002Fcommutators-and-the-generalized-uncertainty-principle","Commutators and the Generalized Uncertainty Principle","The commutator of two observables measures the obstruction to sharing an eigenbasis, and it bounds how sharply both can be known at once. We derive the generalized uncertainty relation from the Schwarz inequality, recover the position–momentum bound as a special case, characterize the minimum-uncertainty states that saturate it as Gaussians, and give the energy–time relation its correct reading as a lifetime bound rather than a commutator relation.\n",{"path":12375,"title":12376,"module":12356,"summary":12377},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fformalism\u002Ftime-evolution-schrodinger-and-heisenberg-pictures","Time Evolution, Propagators, and the Heisenberg Picture","Time evolution is generated by the Hamiltonian and implemented by a unitary operator that preserves probability. We build that operator, expand a state in stationary states to see why probability densities freeze while phases wind, introduce the propagator, transfer the time dependence onto operators in the Heisenberg picture, and derive Ehrenfest's theorem — which recovers classical equations of motion for expectation values and identifies conserved quantities as observables commuting with the Hamiltonian.\n",{"path":12379,"title":12380,"module":12381,"summary":12382},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Foscillator-and-symmetry\u002Fladder-operators-and-the-number-states","Ladder Operators and the Number States","The Oscillator Algebraically, and Symmetry","The harmonic oscillator can be solved without touching a differential equation. Factoring the Hamiltonian into a lowering operator and its adjoint turns the spectrum into pure algebra: the commutator relation fixes the ladder, the vacuum condition fixes the ground state, and the energies fall out as equally spaced rungs. The same operators give the matrix elements of position and momentum for free.\n",{"path":12384,"title":12385,"module":12381,"summary":12386},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Foscillator-and-symmetry\u002Fcoherent-and-squeezed-states","Coherent and Squeezed States","A single number state never moves — its position expectation is pinned at the origin. The superposition that oscillates like a classical particle is the eigenstate of the annihilation operator: the coherent state. It is a displaced vacuum, carries Poissonian photon statistics, saturates the uncertainty bound, and traces a rigid Gaussian orbit in phase space. Squeezing deforms that circle, trading precision in one quadrature for noise in the other.\n",{"path":12388,"title":12389,"module":12381,"summary":12390},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Foscillator-and-symmetry\u002Fsymmetries-generators-and-conservation-laws","Symmetries, Generators, and Conservation Laws","Every continuous symmetry of a quantum system is a unitary operator built by exponentiating a Hermitian generator: momentum generates translations, angular momentum generates rotations, the Hamiltonian generates time evolution. When a generator commutes with the Hamiltonian, the transformation leaves the dynamics unchanged and the generator is conserved — the quantum form of Noether's theorem — and any symmetry that mixes states within a level forces degeneracy.\n",{"path":12392,"title":12393,"module":12381,"summary":12394},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Foscillator-and-symmetry\u002Fparity-time-reversal-and-discrete-symmetries","Parity, Time Reversal, and Discrete Symmetries","Parity and time reversal are symmetries no continuous generator can reach. Parity is a unitary involution whose eigenvalues label states even or odd, fixing the dipole selection rules. Time reversal is antiunitary: it conjugates i, flips momenta and spins, and for half-integer spin squares to minus one, which by Kramers' theorem makes every level of a time-reversal-invariant Hamiltonian at least doubly degenerate.\n",{"path":12396,"title":12397,"module":11236,"summary":12398},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fangular-momentum\u002Forbital-angular-momentum-and-spherical-harmonics","Orbital Angular Momentum and Spherical Harmonics","Orbital angular momentum is the operator triple built from position and momentum. Its components fail to commute, so no state carries sharp values of more than one of them, but each commutes with the total square. Solving the common eigenvalue problem in spherical coordinates quantizes both the magnitude and the projection and produces the spherical harmonics, the angular part of every central-force wavefunction.\n",{"path":12400,"title":12401,"module":11236,"summary":12402},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fangular-momentum\u002Fthe-angular-momentum-algebra","The Angular-Momentum Algebra and Ladder Operators","The eigenvalues of angular momentum follow from the commutation relations alone, with no reference to coordinates or wavefunctions. Raising and lowering operators built from the components generate finite multiplets, force the total quantum number to be a non-negative integer or half-integer, and fix the matrix elements of every component. The half-integer values excluded by orbital motion appear here, and they are what spin realizes.\n",{"path":12404,"title":12405,"module":11236,"summary":12406},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fangular-momentum\u002Faddition-of-angular-momenta-and-clebsch-gordan","Addition of Angular Momenta and Clebsch–Gordan Coefficients","Two angular momenta combine into a total whose allowed magnitudes run from the difference to the sum of the parts in integer steps. The change from the uncoupled product basis to the coupled total-angular-momentum basis is carried out with the lowering operator and orthogonality, and its matrix of overlaps is the table of Clebsch–Gordan coefficients. Two spin-halves split into a triplet and a singlet, the prototype for every composite spin.\n",{"path":12408,"title":12409,"module":12410,"summary":12411},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fcentral-potentials\u002Fthe-schrodinger-equation-in-three-dimensions","The Schrödinger Equation in Three Dimensions","Central Potentials","A central potential depends only on the distance from a force center, so the three-dimensional Schrödinger equation separates in spherical coordinates. The angular factor is a spherical harmonic; the radial factor obeys a one-dimensional equation with an effective potential whose centrifugal barrier depends on the angular-momentum quantum number. The free particle and the spherical box fix the two limiting cases through the spherical Bessel functions.\n",{"path":12413,"title":12414,"module":12410,"summary":12415},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fcentral-potentials\u002Fthe-hydrogen-atom","The Hydrogen Atom","The Coulomb potential turns the radial equation into one whose bound states exist only for a discrete set of energies. A power-series solution truncated to keep the wavefunction normalizable forces the principal quantum number, and the energy comes out proportional to minus one over its square, recovering the Rydberg spectrum. The bound states are the associated Laguerre functions times spherical harmonics, and their energy depends on the principal number alone, giving an n-squared degeneracy larger than rotational symmetry can explain.\n",{"path":12417,"title":12418,"module":12410,"summary":12419},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fcentral-potentials\u002Fthe-isotropic-oscillator-and-hidden-symmetry","The Isotropic Oscillator and Hidden Symmetry","The three-dimensional isotropic harmonic oscillator solves in both Cartesian and spherical bases, and the two solutions must agree on the degeneracy of every level. That agreement, and the accidental degeneracy of hydrogen, both come from a symmetry larger than rotation: the oscillator carries an SU(3) invariance built from a conserved quadrupole tensor, and the Coulomb problem carries an SO(4) invariance built from the conserved Runge–Lenz vector. These hidden symmetries pin the degeneracies that rotational invariance alone leaves unexplained.\n",{"path":12421,"title":12422,"module":12423,"summary":12424},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fspin\u002Fspin-half-pauli-matrices-and-stern-gerlach","Spin-½, the Pauli Matrices, and Stern–Gerlach","Spin","A silver atom passing through an inhomogeneous magnetic field splits into two beams, not a smear. That single fact fixes the internal angular momentum of the electron to a two-valued quantity with no spatial wavefunction. We build the two-dimensional spin space, the Pauli matrices and their algebra, the spinor for measurement along an arbitrary axis, and the sequential Stern–Gerlach filters that expose measurement disturbance.\n",{"path":12426,"title":12427,"module":12423,"summary":12428},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fspin\u002Fspin-in-a-magnetic-field-precession-and-resonance","Spin in a Magnetic Field: Precession and Resonance","A spin coupled to a magnetic field is the simplest nontrivial quantum dynamics. A static field makes the spin expectation precess on a cone at the Larmor frequency while the energy levels split linearly. Adding a weak oscillating field and passing to the rotating frame produces Rabi oscillations and a resonance lineshape — the physics of NMR and ESR, and the driven qubit.\n",{"path":12430,"title":12431,"module":12423,"summary":12432},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fspin\u002Ftwo-level-systems-and-the-bloch-sphere","Two-Level Systems and the Bloch Sphere","Every two-state quantum system is a spin-½ in disguise. Its Hamiltonian is an effective magnetic field, its pure states are points on the Bloch sphere, and its unitary evolution is a rigid rotation of that sphere. The same structure produces avoided level crossings, the ammonia inversion doublet and its maser, and the qubit.\n",{"path":12434,"title":12435,"module":12436,"summary":12437},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fidentical-particles\u002Fidentical-particles-and-exchange-symmetry","Identical Particles and Exchange Symmetry","Identical Particles","Two electrons carry no label that distinguishes one from the other, and that bare fact reshapes the state space. The exchange operator that swaps particle labels commutes with any Hamiltonian built from identical particles, so its eigenvalue is conserved, and nature admits only its two extremes: totally symmetric states for bosons and totally antisymmetric states for fermions. The antisymmetry forces a statistical correlation, the exchange \"force,\" that keeps fermions apart and draws bosons together even with no interaction between them.\n",{"path":12439,"title":12440,"module":12436,"summary":12441},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fidentical-particles\u002Fthe-pauli-principle-atoms-and-the-periodic-table","The Pauli Principle, Atoms, and the Periodic Table","Antisymmetry packaged as a Slater determinant turns the exclusion principle into an operating rule for building atoms. Helium shows the machinery in full: the electron-electron repulsion splits into a direct Coulomb integral and an exchange integral, and the exchange term alone pushes the spin-triplet (orthohelium) below the spin-singlet (parahelium) with no magnetic interaction in sight. Screening, the aufbau order, and Hund's rules then assemble the whole periodic table from the same antisymmetry.\n",{"path":12443,"title":12444,"module":12445,"summary":12446},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fapproximation-methods\u002Ftime-independent-perturbation-theory","Time-Independent Perturbation Theory","Approximation Methods for Bound States","Almost no realistic Hamiltonian can be solved exactly. Perturbation theory treats a hard Hamiltonian as a solvable one plus a small correction and expands the eigenvalues and eigenstates in powers of that correction. We derive the first- and second-order energy shifts and the first-order state correction for a nondegenerate level, expose the small-denominator failure that degeneracy forces, and fix it by diagonalizing the perturbation inside the degenerate subspace to find the \"good\" zeroth-order states.\n",{"path":12448,"title":12449,"module":12445,"summary":12450},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fapproximation-methods\u002Ffine-structure-and-the-real-hydrogen-atom","Fine Structure and the Real Hydrogen Atom","The Bohr spectrum is only the leading term. Two relativistic corrections of order alpha-squared — the relativistic kinetic-energy correction and spin–orbit coupling, joined by the Darwin term for s states — split the hydrogen levels into fine structure that depends on the total angular momentum j. We derive each shift as a first-order perturbation, combine them into a formula depending only on n and j, and continue down the energy ladder to the Lamb shift and the hyperfine 21 cm line.\n",{"path":12452,"title":12453,"module":12445,"summary":12454},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fapproximation-methods\u002Fthe-zeeman-and-stark-effects","The Zeeman and Stark Effects","An atom in an external field is a perturbation problem whose good basis depends on which interaction wins. A magnetic field competes with the internal spin–orbit coupling: the weak-field limit gives the anomalous Zeeman splitting set by the Landé g-factor, the strong-field limit gives the Paschen–Back pattern in the uncoupled basis, and the intermediate regime is a matrix diagonalization. An electric field gives a quadratic shift for the nondegenerate ground state and a linear splitting for the degenerate n = 2 level.\n",{"path":12456,"title":12457,"module":12445,"summary":12458},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fapproximation-methods\u002Fthe-variational-method","The Variational Method","The expectation of the Hamiltonian in any trial state is an upper bound on the true ground-state energy. Minimizing that expectation over a parametrized family of trial functions turns the ground-state problem into ordinary calculus and needs no small parameter. We prove the bound, apply it to the helium atom with a screened effective charge, use a two-center trial to predict binding in the hydrogen molecular ion, and extend the method to excited states through orthogonality.\n",{"path":12460,"title":12461,"module":12445,"summary":12462},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics\u002Fapproximation-methods\u002Fthe-wkb-approximation","The WKB Approximation","When the potential varies slowly on the scale of the de Broglie wavelength, the wavefunction is locally a plane wave with a position-dependent wavelength. This semiclassical picture builds the wavefunction from the classical momentum, breaks down at the turning points where the momentum vanishes, and is repaired there by connection formulas. The result recovers the Bohr–Sommerfeld quantization rule with its half-integer correction and gives the exponential tunneling rate through a smooth barrier, the Gamow factor.\n",{"path":12464,"title":12465,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Fquantum-mechanics","Quantum Mechanics",{"path":12467,"title":12468,"module":12469,"summary":12470},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Ffoundations\u002Fsets-logic-functions","Sets, Logic, and Functions","Foundations and the Real Number System","The working language of analysis: quantifiers and the proof patterns (contrapositive, contradiction, induction), sets and their operations, relations and equivalence classes, and functions with their images, injections, surjections, and bijections. Cardinality is measured by bijection, and Cantor's theorem that no set surjects onto its power set forces uncountable sets to exist.\n",{"path":12472,"title":12473,"module":12469,"summary":12474},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Ffoundations\u002Fordered-fields-completeness","Ordered Fields and the Completeness Axiom","The real numbers are the unique ordered field with the least-upper-bound property. The field and order axioms, the exact failure of the rationals (no supremum for the set of rationals below √2), and completeness as the defining axiom of ℝ lead to the first consequences: the existence of √2, the Archimedean property, and the density of ℚ in ℝ.\n",{"path":12476,"title":12477,"module":12469,"summary":12478},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Ffoundations\u002Fabsolute-value-bounds","Absolute Value, Bounded Sets, and Inequalities","The absolute value turns the order on ℝ into a notion of distance, with the triangle inequality as the estimate underlying most later proofs. Covered: its algebra, the triangle and reverse-triangle inequalities, and the extension of the sup\u002Finf vocabulary from sets to bounded functions.\n",{"path":12480,"title":12481,"module":12469,"summary":12482},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Ffoundations\u002Fintervals-uncountability","Intervals, Uncountability, and Decimals","Intervals are classified, and ℝ is proved uncountable two ways: a nested-interval construction and the decimal diagonal argument. Decimal expansions are built as suprema of truncations, which pins the source of their non-uniqueness (the 0.4999… equals 0.5000… identity) and the identification of the rationals with the eventually-repeating expansions. The middle-thirds Cantor set is an uncountable set of measure zero.\n",{"path":12484,"title":12485,"module":12486,"summary":12487},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fsequences-series\u002Fsequences-limits","Sequences and Their Limits","Sequences and Series","A sequence is a function on the natural numbers; it converges to a limit when its terms eventually stay within any prescribed tolerance of that number. The epsilon-M definition fixes the order of the quantifiers, and from it the limit is unique, every convergent sequence is bounded, and only the tail matters. Divergence to plus or minus infinity records terms that outgrow every bound.\n",{"path":12489,"title":12490,"module":12486,"summary":12491},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fsequences-series\u002Flimit-laws-monotone","Limit Laws and Monotone Convergence","Limits commute with sums, products, quotients, roots, and absolute values and preserve non-strict inequalities, so a limit can be assembled from the limits of its parts without returning to epsilon and M. The squeeze lemma transfers a limit through two envelopes; the monotone convergence theorem produces a limit from boundedness alone; and the ratio test settles the geometric and factorial standard limits.\n",{"path":12493,"title":12494,"module":12486,"summary":12495},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fsequences-series\u002Flimsup-bolzano-weierstrass","Subsequences, Limit Superior, and Bolzano–Weierstrass","A bounded sequence need not converge, but it always has convergent subsequences, and its terms cluster between two extreme values. The limit superior and inferior are the limits of the tail suprema and infima; they always exist for a bounded sequence, coincide exactly when it converges, and are its largest and smallest subsequential limits. Bolzano–Weierstrass extracts a convergent subsequence from boundedness alone.\n",{"path":12497,"title":12498,"module":12486,"summary":12499},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fsequences-series\u002Fcauchy-completeness","Cauchy Sequences and the Completeness of the Reals","The Cauchy criterion tests convergence without knowing the limit: a sequence converges exactly when its terms eventually all lie within any tolerance of one another. Cauchy sequences are bounded, in the reals Cauchy and convergent are equivalent, and this completeness property is interchangeable with the least-upper-bound axiom — the single feature that separates the real line from the rationals.\n",{"path":12501,"title":12502,"module":12486,"summary":12503},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fsequences-series\u002Fseries-convergence","Series and Convergence Tests","A series converges when its sequence of partial sums does, so every fact about sequences transfers. Geometric and telescoping series sum in closed form; the n-th term test rejects series whose terms miss zero, though the harmonic series shows the converse fails; and the comparison test against the geometric and p-series benchmarks settles most nonnegative-term series.\n",{"path":12505,"title":12506,"module":12486,"summary":12507},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fsequences-series\u002Fabsolute-conditional-rearrangement","Absolute Convergence, the Ratio and Root Tests, and Rearrangements","Absolute convergence is the strong form of convergence that permits free manipulation; conditional convergence is fragile. Absolute convergence implies convergence, and the ratio and root tests detect it by comparison with the geometric series. The alternating series test supplies conditionally convergent series, Riemann's theorem rearranges any of them to any sum, and Mertens' theorem multiplies series when at least one converges absolutely.\n",{"path":12509,"title":12510,"module":12511,"summary":12512},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fmetric-spaces\u002Fmetric-spaces-norms","Metric Spaces, Norms, and Examples","Metric Spaces and Topology","A metric is a function $d(x,y)$ obeying four axioms: nonnegativity, identity of indiscernibles, symmetry, and the triangle inequality. The Euclidean, taxicab, sup, discrete, and great-circle metrics all qualify, as does the sup metric on $C[a,b]$. Every norm induces a metric, and strongly equivalent metrics share the same open sets.\n",{"path":12514,"title":12515,"module":12511,"summary":12516},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fmetric-spaces\u002Fopen-closed-sets","Open and Closed Sets, Interior, Closure","Open sets are those in which every point has room to move; closed sets are their complements. From the single ball construction come the topology axioms (arbitrary unions, finite intersections), the interior, closure, and boundary of a set, and the fact that openness is always relative to the ambient space.\n",{"path":12518,"title":12519,"module":12511,"summary":12520},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fmetric-spaces\u002Fconvergence-completeness","Convergence, Cauchy Sequences, and Completeness","The $\\varepsilon$-$N$ definition of a limit transfers verbatim to any metric space once $|x-y|$ is replaced by $d(x,y)$. Convergent sequences characterize closed sets and closures; Cauchy sequences and completeness capture spaces with no missing limits, with $\\mathbb{R}^n$ and $C[a,b]$ complete and $\\mathbb{Q}$ and $(0,1]$ not.\n",{"path":12522,"title":12523,"module":12511,"summary":12524},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fmetric-spaces\u002Fcompactness","Compactness","A set is compact if every open cover has a finite subcover. In a metric space this is equivalent to sequential compactness and to being complete and totally bounded. Compact sets are closed and bounded; the Heine–Borel theorem gives the converse in $\\mathbb{R}^n$ but nowhere else in general.\n",{"path":12526,"title":12527,"module":12511,"summary":12528},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fmetric-spaces\u002Fconnectedness","Connectedness","A space is connected when it cannot be split into two nonempty open pieces. The connected subsets of $\\mathbb{R}$ are precisely the intervals, path- connectedness gives a constructive sufficient condition, and connectedness is a topological invariant preserved by continuous maps, the fact behind the intermediate value theorem.\n",{"path":12530,"title":12531,"module":10930,"summary":12532},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fcontinuity\u002Flimits-of-functions","Limits of Functions","The limit of a function at a point is an epsilon–delta condition pinning one value L as the target of f(x) as x approaches c, mirroring the sequence definition with distance replacing index. It is stated only at cluster points of the domain, is unique when it exists, and reduces to sequential limits through the Heine criterion. The algebra of limits and one-sided limits follow from that reduction.\n",{"path":12534,"title":12535,"module":10930,"summary":12536},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fcontinuity\u002Fcontinuous-functions","Continuous Functions","A function is continuous at c when its limit there equals its own value, lim f(x) = f(c). The epsilon–delta and sequential forms agree; sums, products, quotients, and compositions of continuous functions are continuous; and the failures split into jump, Dirichlet, popcorn, and removable types. The topological reading is that preimages of open sets are open.\n",{"path":12538,"title":12539,"module":10930,"summary":12540},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fcontinuity\u002Fevt-ivt","Extreme and Intermediate Value Theorems","On a closed bounded interval a continuous function attains an absolute maximum and minimum (the extreme value theorem, compactness preserved by continuity) and takes every value between its endpoint values (the intermediate value theorem, connectedness preserved). Both proofs run through Bolzano–Weierstrass and bisection, and yield root-finding, existence of k-th roots, and fixed-point theorems.\n",{"path":12542,"title":12543,"module":10930,"summary":12544},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fcontinuity\u002Funiform-continuity","Uniform Continuity","Uniform continuity strengthens continuity by demanding one delta that works at every point of the domain, not a delta re-chosen at each point. It separates x^2 on a compact interval from x^2 on the whole line and from 1\u002Fx near zero; continuity on a closed bounded interval is automatically uniform; uniformly continuous functions preserve Cauchy sequences and extend to endpoints; and Lipschitz continuity is the strongest of the three, through its secant-slope bound.\n",{"path":12546,"title":12547,"module":10930,"summary":12548},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fcontinuity\u002Fcontinuity-metric-spaces","Continuity on Metric Spaces","The epsilon–delta definition used only distances, so continuity transfers to maps between metric spaces by replacing absolute values with the two metrics. In this generality continuity still admits a sequential form, preserves compactness and connectedness, is uniform on a compact domain, and reads topologically as preimages of open sets being open, the formulation that defines homeomorphisms.\n",{"path":12550,"title":12551,"module":10930,"summary":12552},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fcontinuity\u002Flimits-infinity-monotone","Limits at Infinity and Monotone Functions","Treating infinity as a cluster point extends the epsilon–delta limit to x approaching plus or minus infinity, giving horizontal asymptotes and infinite limits. For monotone functions the one-sided limits always exist as suprema and infima, the discontinuities are jumps and at most countably many, the continuity is equivalent to the image being an interval, and a strictly monotone function always has a continuous inverse.\n",{"path":12554,"title":12555,"module":12556,"summary":12557},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fdifferentiation\u002Fthe-derivative","The Derivative","Differentiation","The derivative is the limit of the difference quotient, the slope the secant lines approach as the second point slides into the first. Differentiability forces continuity; linearity and the product, quotient, and chain rules follow from the definition; and a continuous function can fail to be differentiable, as the absolute value does at the origin.\n",{"path":12559,"title":12560,"module":12556,"summary":12561},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fdifferentiation\u002Fmean-value-theorem","The Mean Value Theorem","A relative extremum in the interior forces the derivative to vanish; Rolle's theorem and the mean value theorem turn that local fact into global control. The sign of the derivative fixes monotonicity, a bounded derivative yields a Lipschitz bound, and Darboux's theorem shows derivatives have the intermediate value property even where they are discontinuous.\n",{"path":12563,"title":12564,"module":12556,"summary":12565},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fdifferentiation\u002Ftaylors-theorem","Taylor's Theorem","Taylor's theorem generalizes the mean value theorem: an n-times differentiable function is matched near a point by a degree-n polynomial, with a Lagrange remainder that names the error exactly through one higher derivative. Iterating the mean value theorem proves it; the second-derivative test is the order-one case; and a smooth non-analytic bump separates a Taylor series from the function it fails to represent.\n",{"path":12567,"title":12568,"module":12556,"summary":12569},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fdifferentiation\u002Finverse-function-1d","The Inverse Function Theorem in One Variable","A nonzero derivative certifies a local inverse and fixes its slope. A strictly monotone differentiable function has a differentiable inverse whose derivative is the reciprocal of the original; the inverse function theorem removes the monotonicity hypothesis, and the reciprocal formula constructs nth roots and the logarithm's derivative, failing exactly where the derivative vanishes.\n",{"path":12571,"title":12572,"module":12573,"summary":12574},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Friemann-integration\u002Fdarboux-integral","Partitions, Darboux Sums, and Integrability","The Riemann Integral","The Riemann integral is defined by trapping the area under a bounded function between under- and over-estimates. Partitions cut the domain into strips; lower and upper Darboux sums bracket the area; refining a partition tightens the bracket. A function is integrable exactly when the bracket can be made arbitrarily thin, and the tagged Riemann-sum limit gives the same number.\n",{"path":12576,"title":12577,"module":12573,"summary":12578},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Friemann-integration\u002Fintegrability-classes","Which Functions Are Integrable","The Cauchy criterion certifies whole classes of functions as integrable. Continuous functions are integrable because uniform continuity makes every oscillation cap small; monotone functions are integrable because their caps telescope to a single total jump; bounded functions with finitely many discontinuities are integrable by isolating the bad points. The Dirichlet function fails, and the Lebesgue criterion names the exact boundary.\n",{"path":12580,"title":12581,"module":12573,"summary":12582},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Friemann-integration\u002Fproperties-of-the-integral","Properties of the Integral","The integral is a linear, order-preserving, additive operator on the integrable functions. It splits across subintervals, respects inequalities, bounds the size of a function by the integral of its absolute value, and preserves products. The mean value theorem for integrals identifies the integral with an attained average height on a fixed rectangle.\n",{"path":12584,"title":10985,"module":12573,"summary":12585},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Friemann-integration\u002Ffundamental-theorem","The fundamental theorem ties the integral to the derivative in two forms. The evaluation form computes a definite integral from any antiderivative; the differentiation form shows the area function has derivative equal to the integrand at points of continuity. Together they make differentiation and integration inverse operations, and yield integration by parts and change of variables.\n",{"path":12587,"title":12588,"module":12573,"summary":12589},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Friemann-integration\u002Flog-exp-improper","The Logarithm, Exponential, and Improper Integrals","The integral defines transcendental functions. The logarithm is the area under 1\u002Ft, the exponential is its inverse, and their calculus properties follow from the fundamental theorem. Improper integrals extend integration to unbounded intervals and unbounded integrands as limits of proper integrals, with a p-test, a comparison test, absolute versus conditional convergence, and the integral test linking integrals to series.\n",{"path":12591,"title":12592,"module":12593,"summary":12594},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Ffunction-sequences\u002Fpointwise-uniform-convergence","Pointwise and Uniform Convergence","Sequences and Series of Functions","A sequence of functions has two natural notions of limit. Pointwise convergence fixes each input and takes the limit of numbers; uniform convergence demands one rate that works for every input at once. The uniform norm turns the second into a statement about a single sequence of numbers, and the uniform Cauchy criterion and the Weierstrass M-test let us certify it.\n",{"path":12596,"title":12597,"module":12593,"summary":12598},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Ffunction-sequences\u002Finterchange-of-limits","Interchange of Limits: Continuity, Integration, Differentiation","Passing to a limit inside a continuity statement, an integral, or a derivative is an interchange of two limits, and the two limits do not always commute. Uniform convergence licenses the first two swaps: the uniform limit of continuous functions is continuous, and the limit of the integrals is the integral of the limit. Differentiation needs uniform convergence of the derivatives, and counterexamples show why each hypothesis is required.\n",{"path":12600,"title":12601,"module":12593,"summary":12602},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Ffunction-sequences\u002Fpower-series-weierstrass","Power Series and the Weierstrass Approximation Theorem","A power series converges uniformly on every closed subinterval inside its radius of convergence, together with all of its derivatives. That makes it continuous, differentiable, and integrable term by term, so a power series defines an infinitely differentiable function. The Weierstrass approximation theorem then shows that polynomials come uniformly close to any continuous function on a closed bounded interval.\n",{"path":12604,"title":12605,"module":12593,"summary":12606},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Ffunction-sequences\u002Fpicard-ode","Picard's Existence and Uniqueness Theorem","The Banach fixed-point theorem says a contraction of a complete metric space has exactly one fixed point, found by iterating from any start. Applied to the space of continuous functions with the uniform norm, it proves Picard's theorem: a first-order differential equation with a Lipschitz right-hand side has a unique local solution. Picard iteration constructs that solution explicitly, and worked examples show the Lipschitz condition is not optional.\n",{"path":12608,"title":12609,"module":12610,"summary":12611},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fseveral-variables\u002Fdifferentiability-rn","The Derivative of a Map ℝⁿ → ℝᵐ","Functions of Several Variables (Introduction)","The derivative of a map between Euclidean spaces is the linear transformation of vanishing relative error, unique when it exists and represented in coordinates by the Jacobian matrix of partial derivatives. Differentiability forces continuity through a local Lipschitz bound. Existence of the partial derivatives alone does not suffice; continuity of the partials does.\n",{"path":12613,"title":12614,"module":12610,"summary":12615},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fseveral-variables\u002Fgradient-chain-rule","Directional Derivatives, the Gradient, and the Chain Rule","The directional derivative measures the rate of change of a scalar field along a chosen heading and equals the derivative applied to that direction. The gradient collects these into a vector that points along steepest ascent and sits orthogonal to level sets. The chain rule composes derivatives by multiplying Jacobians, and a mean value theorem holds for scalar fields but fails for vector-valued maps.\n",{"path":12617,"title":12618,"module":12610,"summary":12619},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fseveral-variables\u002Fhigher-derivatives-taylor-extrema","Higher Derivatives, Taylor's Theorem, and Extrema","Iterating the derivative gives a symmetric second derivative, the Hessian, whose mixed partials agree when they are continuous. Taylor's theorem expands a smooth map to any order with a Lagrange-type remainder, and at a critical point the definiteness of the Hessian decides between a local minimum, a local maximum, and a saddle.\n",{"path":12621,"title":12622,"module":12610,"summary":12623},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fseveral-variables\u002Finverse-implicit-theorems","The Inverse and Implicit Function Theorems","A nonlinear map with a nonsingular Jacobian is locally invertible, with the inverse's derivative given by the inverse matrix. The contraction mapping principle supplies the local inverse; the implicit function theorem then solves a system for some variables in terms of the rest whenever the relevant Jacobian block is invertible. Worked coordinate changes show both theorems in use.\n",{"path":12625,"title":12626,"module":12610,"summary":12627},"\u002Freal-analysis\u002Fseveral-variables\u002Fmultiple-integrals","Multiple Integrals","The Riemann integral of a bounded function over a closed rectangle in Euclidean space is built from Darboux upper and lower sums on a grid of subrectangles, with the same squeeze criterion that governs the one-variable integral. Continuous integrands are integrable, and a set of content zero can be ignored. Fubini's theorem evaluates a multiple integral as an iterated one in either order, and the indicator trick extends the theory to regions bounded by curves.\n",{"path":12629,"title":12630,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Freal-analysis","Real Analysis",{"path":12632,"title":12633,"module":10583,"summary":12634},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffoundations\u002Fsets-functions-relations","Sets, Functions, and Equivalence Relations","Algebra is built on three prior notions: the set, the map between sets, and the equivalence relation that reorganizes a set into disjoint classes. Sets, maps (injective, surjective, bijective), fibers and preimages, and the correspondence between equivalence relations and partitions — the one structural fact reused in every later quotient construction.\n",{"path":12636,"title":12637,"module":10583,"summary":12638},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffoundations\u002Fintegers-and-modular-arithmetic","The Integers and Modular Arithmetic","The integers carry the template every ring later imitates: well-ordering drives induction, induction drives the division algorithm, and division drives the Euclidean algorithm, gcd, Bézout's identity, and unique factorization into primes. Quotienting by congruence mod n builds the first finite arithmetic, Z\u002FnZ, whose invertible elements form the group of units.\n",{"path":12640,"title":12641,"module":12642,"summary":12643},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgroups-and-symmetry\u002Fgroup-axioms-and-first-examples","Group Axioms and First Examples","Groups and Symmetry","A group is a set with one associative operation that has an identity and inverses. We state the axioms, prove that the identity, inverses, and cancellation behave as expected, define the order of a group and of an element, and catalogue the running examples: the integers, the additive group of residues mod n, and the multiplicative group of units mod n.\n",{"path":12645,"title":12646,"module":12642,"summary":12647},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgroups-and-symmetry\u002Fdihedral-and-symmetric-groups","Dihedral and Symmetric Groups","The dihedral group D_{2n} is the symmetries of a regular n-gon, generated by a rotation r and a reflection s subject to three relations. The symmetric group S_n is all permutations of n objects, written in cycle notation. Orders, generators and relations, cycle decomposition, the order of a permutation from its cycle type, and the parity that splits S_n in half.\n",{"path":12649,"title":12650,"module":12642,"summary":12651},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgroups-and-symmetry\u002Fmatrix-and-quaternion-groups","Matrix and Quaternion Groups","Invertible matrices over a field form the general linear group GL_n(F), with the determinant-one matrices as the subgroup SL_n(F). Over a finite field the order of GL_n(F) has a clean product formula. The quaternion group Q_8 is a second small nonabelian group, distinct from the dihedral group of the same order; its multiplication and subgroup structure sharpen the contrast between the two.\n",{"path":12653,"title":12654,"module":12642,"summary":12655},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgroups-and-symmetry\u002Fhomomorphisms-and-group-actions","Homomorphisms, Isomorphisms, and Actions","A homomorphism is a map between groups that respects the operation; an isomorphism is a bijective one, making two groups the same up to relabeling. The kernel and image measure how far a homomorphism is from injective and surjective. A group action realizes a group as permutations of a set, and actions correspond exactly to homomorphisms into a symmetric group, with orbits and stabilizers as the first tools for counting.\n",{"path":12657,"title":12658,"module":12659,"summary":12660},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fsubgroups-and-quotients\u002Fsubgroups-and-substructures","Subgroups and Their Substructures","Subgroups and Quotients","A subgroup is a subset that is a group under the inherited operation. One test decides it: nonempty and closed under the map $(x,y) \\mapsto xy^{-1}$. From an arbitrary subset $A$ we build the centralizer, normalizer, and center, and from an action the stabilizer and kernel, all of them subgroups nested in a fixed chain inside $G$.\n",{"path":12662,"title":12663,"module":12659,"summary":12664},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fsubgroups-and-quotients\u002Fcyclic-groups","Cyclic Groups","A cyclic group is generated by one element. Two facts organize the whole theory: the order of an element equals the order of the subgroup it generates, and cyclic groups of equal order are isomorphic, so $\\mathbb{Z}$ and $\\mathbb{Z}\u002Fn\\mathbb{Z}$ are the only ones. From there the generators ($\\varphi(n)$ of them), the subgroups (one per divisor of $n$), and a fast exponentiation algorithm all follow.\n",{"path":12666,"title":12667,"module":12659,"summary":12668},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fsubgroups-and-quotients\u002Fgeneration-and-subgroup-lattices","Generation and the Lattice of Subgroups","The subgroup generated by a subset $A$ is the smallest subgroup containing it, described top-down as an intersection and bottom-up as the set of words in $A$ and its inverses. Collecting all subgroups and ordering them by containment produces the subgroup lattice, whose Hasse diagram shows the joins, meets, and containment relations among all subgroups.\n",{"path":12670,"title":12671,"module":12659,"summary":12672},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fsubgroups-and-quotients\u002Fcosets-lagrange-and-normal-subgroups","Cosets, Lagrange, and Normal Subgroups","The left cosets of a subgroup partition a group into equal-sized blocks, so the order of a subgroup divides the order of the group: Lagrange's theorem. When the blocks can be multiplied consistently — exactly when the subgroup is normal — they form the quotient group $G\u002FN$. Fermat's and Euler's theorems fall out as index computations.\n",{"path":12674,"title":12675,"module":12659,"summary":12676},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fsubgroups-and-quotients\u002Fisomorphism-theorems","The Isomorphism Theorems","Four theorems relate homomorphisms, quotients, and subgroup lattices. The first identifies the image of a homomorphism with the quotient by its kernel; the second and third compute quotients built from two subgroups and quotients of quotients; the fourth matches the subgroups of $G\u002FN$ with the subgroups of $G$ lying above $N$. Together they make quotient groups computable.\n",{"path":12678,"title":12679,"module":12659,"summary":12680},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fsubgroups-and-quotients\u002Fcomposition-series-and-the-alternating-group","Composition Series and the Alternating Group","A composition series breaks a finite group into simple quotient factors, and Jordan-Hölder says those factors are unique up to order. This turns classification into two problems: list the simple groups, and describe how to reassemble them. The sign homomorphism splits $S_n$ into even and odd permutations, defining the alternating group $A_n$, simple for $n \\ge 5$.\n",{"path":12682,"title":12683,"module":12684,"summary":12685},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgroup-actions-and-sylow\u002Factions-and-cayleys-theorem","Actions, Orbits, and Cayley's Theorem","Group Actions and Sylow Theory","A group action turns abstract elements into permutations of a set. The action splits the set into orbits, and the orbit-stabilizer theorem ties each orbit's size to the index of a stabilizer. Applied to a group acting on itself by left multiplication, this gives Cayley's theorem: every group is a group of permutations.\n",{"path":12687,"title":12688,"module":12684,"summary":12689},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgroup-actions-and-sylow\u002Fconjugation-and-the-class-equation","Conjugation and the Class Equation","A group acts on itself by conjugation, and the orbits are the conjugacy classes. Orbit-stabilizer turns the resulting partition into the class equation, which forces every group of prime-power order to have a nontrivial center. Conjugacy in the symmetric group is cycle type, and Burnside's lemma counts orbits by averaging fixed points.\n",{"path":12691,"title":12692,"module":12684,"summary":12693},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgroup-actions-and-sylow\u002Fsylow-theorems","The Sylow Theorems","Lagrange's theorem forbids subgroups whose order fails to divide the group order; Sylow's theorems supply a partial converse for prime powers. A Sylow p-subgroup always exists, all of them are conjugate, and their count satisfies two congruence-and-divisibility constraints tight enough to prove many groups non-simple from their order alone.\n",{"path":12695,"title":12696,"module":12684,"summary":12697},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgroup-actions-and-sylow\u002Fautomorphisms-and-simple-groups","Automorphisms and Simplicity of Aₙ","Conjugation makes a group act on itself and on its normal subgroups by automorphisms, giving the inner automorphism group G\u002FZ(G) and the embedding of N(H)\u002FC(H) into Aut(H). Characteristic subgroups are those every automorphism fixes, and the automorphism group of a cyclic group is its unit group. The lesson closes by proving the alternating group Aₙ is simple for n ≥ 5.\n",{"path":12699,"title":12700,"module":12701,"summary":12702},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fproducts-and-group-structure\u002Fdirect-products-and-finite-abelian-groups","Direct Products and Finite Abelian Groups","Products and Group Structure","The direct product assembles a larger group from componentwise copies of smaller ones, and a recognition theorem reverses the process when two normal subgroups meet trivially and span the group. The Fundamental Theorem of Finitely Generated Abelian Groups then classifies every such group by two equivalent invariants, invariant factors and elementary divisors.\n",{"path":12704,"title":12705,"module":12701,"summary":12706},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fproducts-and-group-structure\u002Fsemidirect-products","Semidirect Products","The semidirect product relaxes the direct product by requiring only one factor to be normal, with the other acting on it through a homomorphism into its automorphism group. This single twisting map lets abelian pieces assemble into non-abelian groups, realizes the dihedral groups as $\\mathbb{Z}_n \\rtimes \\mathbb{Z}_2$, and, with a recognition theorem, classifies groups of several small orders.\n",{"path":12708,"title":12709,"module":12701,"summary":12710},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fproducts-and-group-structure\u002Fnilpotent-and-solvable-groups","p-Groups, Nilpotent, and Solvable Groups","Finite p-groups have nontrivial center, and iterating the center upward builds the nilpotent groups, which decompose as the direct product of their Sylow subgroups. Iterating the commutator downward builds the solvable groups, whose factors are abelian. The chain cyclic, abelian, nilpotent, solvable orders these classes, and A_5 breaks the last link.\n",{"path":12712,"title":12713,"module":12701,"summary":12714},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fproducts-and-group-structure\u002Fclassifying-small-groups","Classifying Groups of Small Order","With Sylow's theorem to force normal subgroups, direct and semidirect products to assemble them, and presentations to name the result, every group up to order fifteen can be listed explicitly. Free groups make presentations precise: generators with no relations, from which any group is a quotient by the normal closure of its relations.\n",{"path":12716,"title":12717,"module":12718,"summary":12719},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fring-theory\u002Frings-definitions-and-examples","Rings: Definitions and Examples","Ring Theory","A ring carries two operations: an abelian group under addition and an associative multiplication linked by the distributive laws. The named special cases — commutative rings, integral domains, division rings, and fields — differ only in how their multiplication behaves. Standard examples include quadratic integer rings, polynomial rings, matrix rings, and group rings.\n",{"path":12721,"title":12722,"module":12718,"summary":12723},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fring-theory\u002Fideals-quotients-and-homomorphisms","Ideals, Quotient Rings, and Homomorphisms","Ring homomorphisms have kernels that absorb multiplication; such subsets are ideals, and every ideal is the kernel of the projection onto a quotient ring. The quotient construction yields the ring isomorphism theorems and classifies ideals by their quotients: R\u002FI is a field exactly when I is maximal, an integral domain exactly when I is prime.\n",{"path":12725,"title":12726,"module":12718,"summary":12727},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fring-theory\u002Ffractions-and-the-chinese-remainder-theorem","Fields of Fractions and the CRT","Rings of fractions invert a multiplicatively closed set, enlarging an integral domain into its field of fractions the way Z becomes Q. The Chinese Remainder Theorem splits a quotient by comaximal ideals into a direct product, generalizing Z\u002FmnZ ≅ Z\u002FmZ × Z\u002FnZ and explaining why the Euler function is multiplicative.\n",{"path":12729,"title":12730,"module":12731,"summary":12732},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffactorization-and-polynomials\u002Feuclidean-domains-pids-ufds","Euclidean Domains, PIDs, and UFDs","Factorization and Polynomial Rings","Three classes of integral domain, ordered by how much of elementary arithmetic survives: Euclidean domains carry a division algorithm, principal ideal domains make every ideal a single multiple, and unique factorization domains factor every element into irreducibles in one way. We prove the chain ED implies PID implies UFD, the classes are separated by explicit counterexamples, and irreducible and prime coincide exactly in a UFD.\n",{"path":12734,"title":12735,"module":12731,"summary":12736},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffactorization-and-polynomials\u002Fpolynomial-rings-over-fields","Polynomial Rings over Fields","When the coefficients form a field, polynomial long division works exactly as it does over the rationals, and it works with a unique quotient and remainder. That single fact makes F[x] a Euclidean domain, hence a PID and a UFD: every ideal is the multiples of one polynomial, roots correspond to linear factors, and F[x]\u002F(f) is a field precisely when f is irreducible.\n",{"path":12738,"title":12739,"module":12731,"summary":12740},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffactorization-and-polynomials\u002Fgauss-lemma-and-unique-factorization","Gauss's Lemma and Unique Factorization","A UFD is not a field, so its polynomial ring is not a PID — yet unique factorization survives the passage from R to R[x]. Gauss's lemma supplies the passage: a polynomial that factors over the fraction field already factors over R, once content is factored out. This gives the theorem that R[x] is a UFD whenever R is, so Z[x] and Q[x,y] factor uniquely even though neither is a PID.\n",{"path":12742,"title":12743,"module":12731,"summary":12744},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffactorization-and-polynomials\u002Firreducibility-criteria-and-groebner","Irreducibility Criteria and Gröbner Bases","Deciding whether a given polynomial is irreducible, and computing in multivariate polynomial rings. In one variable: the rational root test, reduction modulo a prime, and Eisenstein's criterion. In several variables, where division fails, a monomial order gives leading terms, a Gröbner basis restores a well-defined remainder, and Buchberger's algorithm computes it.\n",{"path":12746,"title":12747,"module":12748,"summary":12749},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fmodule-theory\u002Fintroduction-to-modules","Introduction to Modules","Module Theory","A module is an abelian group on which a ring acts, generalizing both vector spaces (when the ring is a field) and abelian groups (when the ring is the integers). Submodules, homomorphisms, quotients, and the isomorphism theorems carry over from groups, and an F[x]-module is the same datum as a vector space with a chosen linear operator — the correspondence behind the canonical forms.\n",{"path":12751,"title":12752,"module":12748,"summary":12753},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fmodule-theory\u002Ffree-modules-and-direct-sums","Generation, Direct Sums, and Free Modules","A generating set spans a module by R-linear combinations; a direct sum decomposes it into independent pieces; a free module has a basis and the universal property that a homomorphism is determined by arbitrary values on that basis. Rank is well defined over a commutative ring, torsion blocks a basis, and every module is a quotient of a free one — a presentation by generators and relations.\n",{"path":12755,"title":12756,"module":12748,"summary":12757},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fmodule-theory\u002Ftensor-products-and-exact-sequences","Tensor Products and Exact Sequences","The tensor product builds a module in which elements of two modules can be multiplied, characterized by a universal property turning bilinear maps into linear ones; extension of scalars is its guiding case. Exact sequences track how a module is assembled from a submodule and a quotient, when that assembly splits, and which modules — projective, injective, flat — make the Hom and tensor functors preserve exactness.\n",{"path":12759,"title":12760,"module":12748,"summary":12761},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fmodule-theory\u002Fvector-spaces-and-linear-maps","Vector Spaces and Linear Maps","A vector space is a module over a field, and the field hypothesis removes every pathology a general module can have: every vector space is free, so it has a basis, a well-defined dimension, and a coordinate isomorphism with F^n. Linear maps become matrices, change of basis becomes similarity, every space pairs with a dual of the same dimension, and the determinant is the unique alternating multilinear normalized form.\n",{"path":12763,"title":12764,"module":12765,"summary":12766},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fmodules-over-pids\u002Fstructure-theorem-over-pids","The Structure Theorem for Modules over a PID","Modules over PIDs and Canonical Forms","Every finitely generated module over a principal ideal domain splits as a free part plus a direct sum of cyclic torsion pieces, in two canonical ways: invariant factors, tied together by a divisibility chain, and elementary divisors, one prime power at a time. Existence follows from the stacked-basis theorem, both lists are unique, and the case $R = \\mathbb{Z}$ is the classification of finitely generated abelian groups.\n",{"path":12768,"title":12769,"module":12765,"summary":12770},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fmodules-over-pids\u002Frational-canonical-form","Rational Canonical Form","A linear operator turns its vector space into a module over the polynomial ring $F[x]$, with $x$ acting as the operator. The structure theorem's invariant factors then become polynomials, each cyclic summand becomes a companion matrix, and the block-diagonal assembly is the rational canonical form. It is unique, it is computed inside the base field, and two matrices are similar exactly when their rational canonical forms agree.\n",{"path":12772,"title":12773,"module":12765,"summary":12774},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fmodules-over-pids\u002Fjordan-canonical-form","Jordan Canonical Form","When the base field contains all the eigenvalues, the elementary divisors of an operator are powers of linear polynomials, and each cyclic summand becomes a Jordan block: an eigenvalue on the diagonal with ones just above it. Stacking the blocks gives the Jordan canonical form, unique up to reordering, as close to diagonal as the operator allows. Diagonalizability reads off the minimal polynomial, and the block sizes are counted by ranks of powers of the operator minus the eigenvalue.\n",{"path":12776,"title":12777,"module":12778,"summary":12779},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffield-theory\u002Ffield-extensions-and-algebraic-elements","Field Extensions and Algebraic Elements","Field Theory","A field extension makes a larger field K into a vector space over a smaller field F, and its degree [K:F] is that dimension. Adjoining a root of an irreducible polynomial builds a simple extension F(α) isomorphic to F[x]\u002F(m), whose degree is the degree of the minimal polynomial. The tower law makes these degrees multiply, which turns algebra over fields into bookkeeping with integers.\n",{"path":12781,"title":12782,"module":12778,"summary":12783},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffield-theory\u002Fstraightedge-and-compass-constructions","Straightedge-and-Compass Constructions","The lengths a straightedge and compass can build from a unit form a field closed under square roots, and every constructible number lies in a tower of quadratic extensions. So its degree over the rationals is a power of two. That single obstruction settles three problems the Greeks left open: doubling the cube, trisecting a general angle, and squaring the circle are all impossible.\n",{"path":12785,"title":12786,"module":12778,"summary":12787},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffield-theory\u002Fsplitting-fields-and-algebraic-closure","Splitting Fields and Algebraic Closure","The splitting field of a polynomial is the smallest extension in which it factors into linear pieces, obtained by adjoining all its roots. Every polynomial has one, its degree is at most n factorial, and any two splitting fields are isomorphic. Pushing this to all polynomials at once gives the algebraic closure, a field in which every polynomial splits and which is unique up to isomorphism.\n",{"path":12789,"title":12790,"module":12778,"summary":12791},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Ffield-theory\u002Fseparable-and-cyclotomic-extensions","Separable Extensions and Cyclotomic Fields","A polynomial is separable when its roots are distinct, detected by whether it shares a factor with its formal derivative. Over perfect fields — characteristic zero and finite fields — every irreducible is separable, and the existence and uniqueness of the finite fields follow. Cyclotomic polynomials package the roots of unity by order, are irreducible over the rationals, and give the cyclotomic field its degree phi(n).\n",{"path":12793,"title":12794,"module":12795,"summary":12796},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgalois-theory\u002Fthe-galois-correspondence","The Galois Correspondence","Galois Theory","Galois theory attaches to a field extension its group of symmetries and shows that, for the right extensions, the subgroups of that group are in exact order-reversing correspondence with the intermediate fields. The automorphism group, Artin's theorem, the characterization of Galois extensions, and the Fundamental Theorem together turn questions about fields into questions about finite groups.\n",{"path":12798,"title":12799,"module":12795,"summary":12800},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgalois-theory\u002Ffinite-fields","Finite Fields","Every finite field has prime-power order, is the splitting field of $x^{p^n} - x$, and is unique up to isomorphism. Its extension over the prime field is Galois with cyclic group generated by the Frobenius map $x \\mapsto x^p$, so the Galois correspondence reduces the subfield lattice to the divisor lattice of $n$. Möbius inversion counts the irreducible polynomials of each degree, and cyclic error-correcting codes are one application.\n",{"path":12802,"title":12803,"module":12795,"summary":12804},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgalois-theory\u002Fcyclotomic-and-abelian-extensions","Cyclotomic and Abelian Extensions","The Galois group of the $n$th cyclotomic field over $\\mathbb{Q}$ is the unit group $(\\mathbb{Z}\u002Fn\\mathbb{Z})^\\times$, which makes cyclotomic fields the worked catalogue of abelian extensions of $\\mathbb{Q}$. The isomorphism identifies subfields with subgroups, realizes every finite abelian group as a Galois group over $\\mathbb{Q}$, and leads to Kronecker–Weber. Composites of Galois extensions and the primitive element theorem supply the machinery.\n",{"path":12806,"title":12807,"module":12795,"summary":12808},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgalois-theory\u002Fgalois-groups-of-polynomials","Galois Groups of Polynomials","Ordering the roots of a separable polynomial embeds its Galois group in the symmetric group $S_n$, and the group is transitive exactly when the polynomial is irreducible. The discriminant decides membership in $A_n$; for cubics and quartics the resolvent cubic pins the group down; and reduction modulo a prime produces elements of prescribed cycle type, the standard tool for computing Galois groups over $\\mathbb{Q}$.\n",{"path":12810,"title":12811,"module":12795,"summary":12812},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fgalois-theory\u002Fsolvability-by-radicals-and-the-quintic","Solvability by Radicals and the Quintic","A polynomial is solvable by radicals exactly when its Galois group is solvable. Cyclic extensions are radical extensions once roots of unity are present, which turns a radical tower into a solvable subnormal series. Since $S_n$ is solvable only for $n \\le 4$, the general quintic has no radical formula, and an explicit quintic with Galois group $S_5$ has roots provably not expressible in radicals.\n",{"path":12814,"title":12815,"module":12816,"summary":12817},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fcapstone\u002Fcommutative-algebra-and-algebraic-geometry","A Glimpse of Commutative Algebra and Algebraic Geometry","Capstone: Where Algebra Goes Next","Commutative algebra reads geometry off the ring of polynomial functions. The dictionary runs through Noetherian rings and the ascending chain condition, Hilbert's Basis Theorem, affine algebraic sets and the two maps connecting ideals to zero sets, radicals, the Zariski topology, and Hilbert's Nullstellensatz, which over an algebraically closed field makes radical ideals and algebraic sets the same object.\n",{"path":12819,"title":12820,"module":12816,"summary":12821},"\u002Fabstract-algebra\u002Fcapstone\u002Frepresentation-and-character-theory","A Glimpse of Representation and Character Theory","Representation theory studies a group by the ways it can act linearly on a vector space. Representations are equivalent to modules over the group ring; Maschke's theorem gives complete reducibility, the Wedderburn consequences bound the irreducible degrees, and character theory reduces a representation to a trace invariant governed by the orthogonality relations and displayed in the character table of a small group.\n",{"path":12823,"title":12824,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Fabstract-algebra","Abstract Algebra",{"path":12826,"title":12827,"module":12828,"summary":12829},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fearly-models-and-old-quantum-theory\u002Fatomic-spectra-rutherford","Atomic Spectra and Rutherford's Nucleus","Early Atomic Models and the Old Quantum Theory","Atoms emit light only at sharp, reproducible wavelengths, and by 1890 those wavelengths were captured by the Rydberg-Ritz formula. Neither empirical regularity had a mechanical explanation. Rutherford's alpha-scattering experiment supplied the missing structure: the atom's positive charge and nearly all its mass sit in a tiny central nucleus, with the electrons far outside.\n",{"path":12831,"title":12832,"module":12828,"summary":12833},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fearly-models-and-old-quantum-theory\u002Fbohr-model-hydrogen","The Bohr Model of Hydrogen","Bohr grafted three quantum postulates onto Rutherford's nuclear atom: certain orbits do not radiate, radiation accompanies a jump between them, and quantization must match classical physics for large orbits. Quantizing the angular momentum fixes the orbit radii and energies, reproduces the Rydberg-Ritz formula, and predicts the Rydberg constant from fundamental constants alone.\n",{"path":12835,"title":12836,"module":12828,"summary":12837},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fearly-models-and-old-quantum-theory\u002Fx-ray-spectra-franck-hertz","X-Ray Spectra and the Franck-Hertz Experiment","Two 1913-14 experiments confirmed the Bohr-Rutherford atom independently of optical spectra. Moseley found that the square root of a characteristic X-ray frequency is linear in atomic number, fixing Z as nuclear charge and ordering the periodic table. Franck and Hertz measured discrete atomic energy levels directly by scattering electrons through a mercury vapor.\n",{"path":12839,"title":12840,"module":12828,"summary":12841},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fearly-models-and-old-quantum-theory\u002Fbohr-sommerfeld-old-quantum-theory","The Bohr-Sommerfeld Old Quantum Theory","Bohr fixed the hydrogen levels with a single quantum number by quantizing angular momentum. Sommerfeld replaced that ad hoc rule with a general prescription: quantize the action of each separable coordinate. The rule produces elliptical orbits, a second (azimuthal) quantum number, space quantization, and — once the relativistic mass variation is included — a fine-structure splitting that matches experiment to order alpha squared.\n",{"path":12843,"title":12844,"module":12828,"summary":12845},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fearly-models-and-old-quantum-theory\u002Fold-quantum-theory-limits-wkb","Limits of the Old Quantum Theory and the WKB Bridge","The old quantum theory works only where the classical motion is separable into independent periodic coordinates. It fails for helium, forbids the correct zero angular momentum of the hydrogen ground state, and misses the half-integer in the oscillator and in molecular spectra. The WKB quantization condition, derived from the Schrodinger equation, is the modern descendant of the Sommerfeld rule and repairs the half-integer through the Maslov correction.\n",{"path":12847,"title":12848,"module":12849,"summary":12850},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fquantum-hydrogen-atom\u002Fschrodinger-3d-hydrogen","The Schrödinger Equation in Three Dimensions and Hydrogen","The Quantum Hydrogen Atom","Extending the Schrödinger equation to three dimensions and separating it in spherical coordinates produces three ordinary differential equations, one per coordinate. Their boundary conditions generate the quantum numbers n, ℓ, and mℓ, quantize the angular momentum to √(ℓ(ℓ+1))ℏ with projections mℏ, and fix the bound-state energies of hydrogen at −Z²(13.6 eV)\u002Fn².\n",{"path":12852,"title":12853,"module":12849,"summary":12854},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fquantum-hydrogen-atom\u002Fhydrogen-wave-functions","Hydrogen Wave Functions and Orbitals","The hydrogen wave functions factor into a radial part Rₙℓ(r) and an angular spherical harmonic Yℓm(θ,φ). Squaring gives the probability cloud; the radial distribution P(r) = r²|ψ|² peaks at the Bohr radius for the ground state and at the Bohr orbits for excited states. The angular part fixes the s, p, and d orbital shapes that govern chemical bonding.\n",{"path":12856,"title":12857,"module":12849,"summary":12858},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fquantum-hydrogen-atom\u002Fradial-equation-in-full","Solving the Radial Equation in Full","The hydrogen radial equation is solved from the differential equation up. The substitution u = rR turns it into a one-dimensional problem with a centrifugal barrier; matching the asymptotic behaviour at the origin and at infinity peels off the factors r^(ℓ+1) and e^(−r\u002Fna₀); a Frobenius series for the remainder must terminate, and that termination condition yields the quantization n ≥ ℓ+1 with E = −Z²Ry\u002Fn². The surviving polynomials are the associated Laguerre functions, whose degree n−ℓ−1 counts the radial nodes.\n",{"path":12860,"title":12861,"module":12849,"summary":12862},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fquantum-hydrogen-atom\u002Fsymmetry-degeneracy-runge-lenz","Accidental Degeneracy and the Runge-Lenz Symmetry","Hydrogen energies depend only on n, so states of different ℓ at the same n are degenerate. This is not a coincidence but the mark of a hidden symmetry: the quantum Runge-Lenz vector is conserved for the 1\u002Fr potential alone, and together with angular momentum it generates the group SO(4). The Casimir invariant of that group reproduces E = −Z²Ry\u002Fn² and its representations count the n² states. Any departure from 1\u002Fr breaks the symmetry and lifts the ℓ-degeneracy.\n",{"path":12864,"title":12865,"module":12849,"summary":12866},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fquantum-hydrogen-atom\u002Fexpectation-values-virial","Expectation Values, the Virial Theorem, and Scaling","The radial matrix elements ⟨r^k⟩ of hydrogenic states are the raw material of every later correction. This lesson derives ⟨1\u002Fr⟩ from the virial theorem, builds the full family ⟨r⟩, ⟨r²⟩, ⟨1\u002Fr²⟩, ⟨1\u002Fr³⟩ from Kramers' recursion and the Feynman-Hellmann theorem, and reads off their scaling with n, ℓ, and Z. The virial balance ⟨T⟩ = −½⟨V⟩ = −E fixes the energy budget of every bound state.\n",{"path":12868,"title":12869,"module":12849,"summary":12870},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fquantum-hydrogen-atom\u002Fquantum-defects-alkali-spectra","Quantum Defects and Alkali Spectra","An alkali atom is one valence electron outside a closed-shell core, and to a good approximation it is hydrogen with a modified quantum number. Core penetration makes low-ℓ states more bound than the Coulomb formula predicts, and the shortfall is captured by a single number per ℓ, the quantum defect δℓ. The spectrum then follows the Rydberg formula with n replaced by the effective n − δℓ, and the sodium D-line doublet is the worked case.\n",{"path":12872,"title":12873,"module":12849,"summary":12874},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fquantum-hydrogen-atom\u002Frydberg-atoms","Rydberg Atoms","A Rydberg atom is an atom excited to a very high principal quantum number, and every hydrogenic property becomes exaggerated by a power of n. Size grows as n², binding falls as n⁻², radiative lifetime lengthens as n³, and the static polarizability explodes as n⁷. The levels crowd toward the ionization limit, and the enormous dipole interaction between two Rydberg atoms produces the blockade that underlies neutral-atom quantum computing.\n",{"path":12876,"title":12877,"module":12878,"summary":12879},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Ffine-structure-and-the-dirac-atom\u002Frelativistic-kinetic-correction","The Relativistic Kinetic-Energy Correction","Fine Structure and the Dirac Atom","The Bohr energies treat the electron as slowly moving, but its speed is of order αc, so the kinetic energy needs a relativistic correction. Expanding √(p²c²+m²c⁴) to order (v\u002Fc)² produces the perturbation −p⁴\u002F8m³c², whose first-order shift on a hydrogenic state is evaluated with the trick p²=2m(E−V). The result depends on n and ℓ, is smaller than the gross structure by α²≈5×10⁻⁵, and is one of the three pieces that combine into the fine-structure formula.\n",{"path":12881,"title":12882,"module":12878,"summary":12883},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Ffine-structure-and-the-dirac-atom\u002Fspin-orbit-thomas-precession","Spin-Orbit Coupling and Thomas Precession","In the electron's rest frame the nucleus orbits it, and the resulting current produces a magnetic field that couples to the electron's spin moment. The interaction is ξ(r) L·S, with ξ built from the Coulomb potential and the radial expectation ⟨1\u002Fr³⟩. A relativistic subtlety, Thomas precession, halves the naive coefficient because the electron's rest frame is accelerating. The result splits each ℓ≥1 level into a j=ℓ±½ doublet and makes (n, ℓ, j, mⱼ) the good quantum numbers.\n",{"path":12885,"title":12886,"module":12878,"summary":12887},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Ffine-structure-and-the-dirac-atom\u002Fdarwin-term-fine-structure-formula","The Darwin Term and the Fine-Structure Formula","The third fine-structure correction, the Darwin term, is a contact interaction proportional to ∇²V that acts only on s-states, physically a smearing of the electron over a Compton wavelength. Adding the relativistic, spin-orbit, and Darwin shifts, the ℓ-dependence cancels and the total collapses to a formula in n and j alone. The n=2 shell splits into 2S₁\u002F₂, 2P₁\u002F₂, 2P₃\u002F₂, with the two j=½ levels exactly degenerate, a coincidence the Dirac theory explains.\n",{"path":12889,"title":12890,"module":12878,"summary":12891},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Ffine-structure-and-the-dirac-atom\u002Fdirac-equation-hydrogen","The Dirac Equation for Hydrogen","The fine-structure formula was assembled from three perturbations; the Dirac equation produces it in one stroke and exactly. A first-order relativistic wave equation forces a four-component spinor, from which spin s=½, the g-factor of 2, the spin-orbit term, and antiparticles all emerge automatically. Its exact Coulomb spectrum depends only on n and j, and expanding in Zα reproduces the perturbative result, including the 2S₁\u002F₂–2P₁\u002F₂ degeneracy that sets up the Lamb shift.\n",{"path":12893,"title":12894,"module":12895,"summary":12896},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fqed-corrections-and-hyperfine-structure\u002Flamb-shift-qed","The Lamb Shift and QED Radiative Corrections","QED Corrections and Hyperfine Structure","The Dirac equation makes the 2S₁\u002F₂ and 2P₁\u002F₂ levels of hydrogen exactly degenerate. Lamb and Retherford measured a splitting of about 1058 MHz that the Dirac theory cannot produce. The gap comes from the electron's coupling to the quantized electromagnetic field: self-energy, vacuum polarization, and the anomalous magnetic moment. Welton's vacuum-fluctuation estimate reproduces the size and shows why the effect lands almost entirely on s-states, and the same radiative corrections make hydrogen the most stringent test of QED.\n",{"path":12898,"title":12899,"module":12895,"summary":12900},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fqed-corrections-and-hyperfine-structure\u002Fhyperfine-structure-21cm","Hyperfine Structure and the 21 cm Line","The proton carries a magnetic moment, and it interacts with the magnetic field the electron produces at the nucleus. For s-states that interaction is the Fermi contact term, proportional to the electron density at the origin and to the dot product of the nuclear and electronic spins. Coupling I and J into F = I + J splits each level by a Landé interval rule; in hydrogen's ground state it produces the F = 0\u002FF = 1 doublet whose 1420 MHz, 21 cm transition maps neutral hydrogen across the galaxy.\n",{"path":12902,"title":12903,"module":12895,"summary":12904},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fqed-corrections-and-hyperfine-structure\u002Fnuclear-effects-isotope-shift","Nuclear Size, Moments, and Isotope Shifts","A real nucleus has a finite size, a mass that changes between isotopes, and, when its spin is at least one, an electric quadrupole moment. Each leaves a fingerprint in the atomic spectrum: the volume shift from s-electrons sampling the charge distribution, the mass and field isotope shifts that separate on a King plot, the quadrupole interaction that breaks the Landé interval rule, and the hyperfine anomaly from the magnetization distribution. Atomic spectroscopy reads nuclear properties out of these shifts.\n",{"path":12906,"title":12907,"module":12908,"summary":12909},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmany-electron-atoms\u002Fperiodic-table-atomic-spectra","The Periodic Table and Atomic Spectra","Many-Electron Atoms","Identical electrons demand antisymmetric wave functions, which is the Pauli exclusion principle: no two electrons share all four quantum numbers. Filling shells in order of increasing energy — shifted by penetration and shielding — builds the periodic table and its recurring ionization pattern. Selection rules govern optical spectra, and an external field splits lines by the Zeeman effect.\n",{"path":12911,"title":12912,"module":12908,"summary":12913},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmany-electron-atoms\u002Fcentral-field-self-consistent","The Central-Field Approximation and the Self-Consistent Field","The N-electron Hamiltonian does not separate because every pair of electrons repels. The central-field approximation replaces that pairwise repulsion with an averaged spherical potential each electron feels, restoring hydrogen-like orbitals labelled by n and ℓ. The Thomas-Fermi statistical model fixes the shape of the screened charge from Fermi-gas thermodynamics; the Hartree self-consistent field determines it exactly by iterating orbitals against the potential they generate until the two agree.\n",{"path":12915,"title":12916,"module":12908,"summary":12917},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmany-electron-atoms\u002Fidentical-particles-hartree-fock","Exchange, Slater Determinants, and Hartree-Fock","A product wave function ignores that electrons are identical fermions. Enforcing antisymmetry writes the state as a Slater determinant, which vanishes whenever two electrons share a spin-orbital — the exclusion principle made algebraic. The energy of a determinant carries a new term with no classical analogue, the exchange integral, nonzero only for parallel spins; it lowers the energy of aligned electrons and carves a Fermi hole around each one. Adding the exchange operator to the mean field gives the Hartree-Fock equations, and what they still miss defines the correlation energy.\n",{"path":12919,"title":12920,"module":12908,"summary":12921},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmany-electron-atoms\u002Fhelium-two-electron-atom","Helium: the Prototype Two-Electron Atom","Helium is the smallest atom the Schrödinger equation cannot solve exactly, and the smallest that shows every many-electron effect. Ignoring the electron repulsion overbinds the ground state by 30 eV; first-order perturbation theory and a one-parameter variational calculation with an effective charge close most of the gap. The excited configurations split into para (singlet) and ortho (triplet) states separated by the exchange integral, with the triplet lower — and the absence of a 1s² triplet is the Pauli principle in its plainest form.\n",{"path":12923,"title":12924,"module":12908,"summary":12925},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmany-electron-atoms\u002Fls-jj-coupling-term-symbols","LS and jj Coupling; Term Symbols","A configuration is not a single energy level. The residual electrostatic repulsion and the spin-orbit interaction split it, and which one dominates fixes the coupling scheme. In light atoms the electrostatic term wins: orbital and spin angular momenta couple separately into L and S, then into J, giving Russell- Saunders term symbols. In heavy atoms spin-orbit wins and each electron's j forms first. The Pauli principle prunes the allowed terms of equivalent electrons, the Landé interval rule spaces the fine-structure multiplet, and the scheme crosses over from LS to jj down a column.\n",{"path":12927,"title":12928,"module":12908,"summary":12929},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmany-electron-atoms\u002Fhund-rules-ground-terms","Hund's Rules and Ground-State Terms","A configuration allows several terms; Hund's three rules pick the ground one. Maximize the spin S first, then the orbital L, then set J to |L−S| for a less-than-half shell and L+S for a more-than-half shell. The first two rules come from exchange lowering the energy of apart-kept electrons; the third comes from the sign of the spin-orbit coupling, which flips as a shell passes half-filling and turns the multiplet from normal to inverted. Worked ground terms for carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and iron show the rules in action.\n",{"path":12931,"title":12932,"module":12933,"summary":12934},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fatoms-in-external-fields\u002Fzeeman-effect","The Zeeman Effect","Atoms in External Fields","A magnetic field couples to the atom through its magnetic moment, splitting each level into equally spaced sublevels labelled by the projection of the total angular momentum. When spin is present the spacing is not the classical one: it carries the Landé g-factor, a projection of the spin and orbital moments onto the total angular momentum. We derive the weak-field Hamiltonian from minimal coupling, evaluate the shift with the projection theorem, and read off the polarization of the emitted components.\n",{"path":12936,"title":12937,"module":12933,"summary":12938},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fatoms-in-external-fields\u002Fpaschen-back-intermediate","The Paschen-Back and Intermediate-Field Regimes","When the magnetic interaction grows past the fine-structure coupling, spin and orbital angular momentum decouple and precess independently about the field. The anomalous Zeeman pattern reverts to a simple triplet, the Paschen-Back effect. Between the two limits neither coupling dominates and the level positions follow from diagonalizing the combined spin-orbit and Zeeman Hamiltonian. We build the two-by-two problem for a single valence electron, solve it in closed form, and show both limits emerge from one expression.\n",{"path":12940,"title":12941,"module":12933,"summary":12942},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fatoms-in-external-fields\u002Fstark-effect-polarizability","The Stark Effect and Field Ionization","An electric field shifts atomic levels by coupling to the electron's position. Parity forbids a first-order shift for a non-degenerate state, so most atoms respond only at second order through their polarizability, a quadratic Stark shift. Hydrogen is the exception: its accidental degeneracy admits a permanent dipole and a linear shift, cleanest in parabolic coordinates. At large fields the Coulomb well develops a saddle, and Rydberg states field-ionize at a threshold that falls as the fourth power of the principal quantum number.\n",{"path":12944,"title":12945,"module":12946,"summary":12947},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fradiative-transitions-and-line-shapes\u002Ftime-dependent-perturbation-golden-rule","Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory and the Golden Rule","Radiative Transitions and Spectral Lines","An atom in a weak oscillating field makes transitions between its stationary states. First-order time-dependent perturbation theory gives the transition amplitude as a Fourier component of the perturbation at the Bohr frequency, and the resulting probability is a sinc-squared resonance that sharpens as the field acts longer. For a two-level system the same coupling produces Rabi oscillations; for a transition into a continuum the long-time limit collapses the sinc-squared into a delta function and yields Fermi's golden rule, a constant transition rate set by the coupling strength and the density of final states.\n",{"path":12949,"title":12950,"module":12946,"summary":12951},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fradiative-transitions-and-line-shapes\u002Fdipole-approximation-einstein-coefficients","The Dipole Approximation and Einstein Coefficients","The coupling between an atom and light is the interaction of the electron with the electromagnetic field. Because an optical wavelength dwarfs the atom, the spatial variation of the field across the atom can be dropped, leaving the electric-dipole interaction and its matrix element. That matrix element defines the oscillator strength, which obeys the Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn sum rule. Einstein's three rate coefficients (absorption, stimulated emission, spontaneous emission) follow from detailed balance with thermal radiation, fixing the ratio of spontaneous to stimulated rates and its steep growth with frequency.\n",{"path":12953,"title":12954,"module":12946,"summary":12955},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fradiative-transitions-and-line-shapes\u002Fselection-rules-forbidden-transitions","Selection Rules and Forbidden Transitions","The dipole matrix element vanishes for most pairs of states, and the pattern of which survive is the set of selection rules. Parity forces the orbital angular momentum to change by one; the angular integral of three spherical harmonics restricts the magnetic quantum number to change by zero or one; the photon's spin restricts the total angular momentum. When the dipole element vanishes, higher multipoles (magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole) can still drive the transition at rates smaller by powers of the fine-structure constant, and states with no allowed decay become metastable.\n",{"path":12957,"title":12958,"module":12946,"summary":12959},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fradiative-transitions-and-line-shapes\u002Flifetimes-and-line-shapes","Lifetimes, Line Widths, and Line Shapes","A spectral line is never infinitely sharp. The finite lifetime of the excited state gives every line a natural Lorentzian width set by the total decay rate, the Fourier transform of an exponentially damped emission. Thermal motion adds a Gaussian Doppler width that usually dominates in a gas; collisions add a further Lorentzian pressure width; the observed profile is the Voigt convolution of the Gaussian and Lorentzian parts. Strong driving fields broaden the line further through saturation. Each mechanism has a distinct dependence on temperature, density, and intensity that lets it be identified and, where possible, removed.\n",{"path":12961,"title":12962,"module":12963,"summary":12964},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Flasers-and-spectroscopy\u002Flaser-principles","Population Inversion, Gain, and the Laser","Lasers and Spectroscopy","A laser is an optical amplifier placed inside a resonant cavity. Amplification requires that stimulated emission outrun absorption, which requires more atoms in the upper level than the lower one — a population inversion that the Einstein relations forbid in thermal equilibrium and that no two-level pump can produce. Three- and four-level schemes reach it by routing atoms through auxiliary states. The gain coefficient sets how strongly a weak beam grows, the cavity fixes the threshold and selects a comb of longitudinal modes, and gain saturation clamps the steady-state inversion at its threshold value.\n",{"path":12966,"title":12967,"module":12963,"summary":12968},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Flasers-and-spectroscopy\u002Fspectroscopy-techniques","Spectroscopic Techniques and Frequency Combs","A tunable laser turns spectroscopy from photographing a spectrum into interrogating a single transition, but at room temperature the Doppler width buries the natural linewidth under a thousandfold-broader Gaussian. Saturated absorption and two-photon spectroscopy defeat the first-order Doppler shift by selecting the zero-velocity class or cancelling the shift between counter-propagating photons, recovering natural-width features. Laser-induced fluorescence pushes sensitivity to single atoms, and the optical frequency comb converts an optical frequency into a countable radio-frequency beat, giving absolute frequency measurement across the visible spectrum.\n",{"path":12970,"title":12971,"module":12963,"summary":12972},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Flasers-and-spectroscopy\u002Fline-catalog-nist-asd","Reading Real Spectra with the NIST Database","Every quantity computed in this course — energy levels, transition frequencies, oscillator strengths, lifetimes — is tabulated for real atoms in the NIST Atomic Spectra Database. This lesson reads that data as physics: how levels are labelled by term symbols and energies in wavenumbers, how a transition list encodes wavelength, Einstein coefficient, and line strength, how a Grotrian diagram is reconstructed from the tables, and how a measured spectrum is matched to catalog lines. The residual between computed and tabulated positions is the running score of atomic theory.\n",{"path":12974,"title":12975,"module":12976,"summary":12977},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmodern-atomic-physics\u002Flaser-cooling-doppler","Laser Cooling and Optical Molasses","Modern Atomic Physics","A near-resonant laser beam pushes an atom because every absorbed photon delivers one unit of momentum and the subsequent spontaneous emission averages to zero. Two counter-propagating red-detuned beams turn that push into friction: the Doppler shift brings a moving atom closer to resonance with the beam it moves against, so the net force opposes the velocity. Six beams give optical molasses in three dimensions. The random recoil of spontaneous emission heats against the friction, and the balance sets the Doppler cooling limit. Adding a magnetic-field gradient makes the force position-dependent as well, giving the magneto-optical trap.\n",{"path":12979,"title":12980,"module":12976,"summary":12981},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmodern-atomic-physics\u002Fsub-doppler-trapping","Sub-Doppler Cooling and Atom Traps","Optical molasses cools multilevel atoms below the Doppler limit. A polarization gradient plus optical pumping makes an atom repeatedly climb a light-shift hill and be pumped to the valley, losing kinetic energy each cycle — Sisyphus cooling. The floor is the recoil limit, one photon momentum of residual motion. Below it, cooling must avoid scattering photons: conservative magnetic and optical-dipole traps hold the atoms while forced evaporation removes the hot tail, driving the phase-space density up toward quantum degeneracy.\n",{"path":12983,"title":12984,"module":12976,"summary":12985},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmodern-atomic-physics\u002Fbose-einstein-condensation","Bose-Einstein Condensation of Atomic Gases","Below a critical temperature a gas of identical bosons places a macroscopic fraction of its atoms in the single lowest-energy state. The transition occurs when the thermal de Broglie wavelength grows to the interparticle spacing, so the phase- space density reaches order unity. The critical temperature follows from the Bose-Einstein distribution and the density of states, the condensate fraction grows as one minus (T\u002FTc) to the three-halves, and the condensate reveals itself in time-of-flight as a sharp bimodal peak in the momentum distribution. The 1995 rubidium and sodium experiments realized it in dilute trapped gases.\n",{"path":12987,"title":12988,"module":12976,"summary":12989},"\u002Fatomic-physics\u002Fmodern-atomic-physics\u002Foptical-clocks-precision","Optical Atomic Clocks and Precision Measurement","An atomic clock counts the oscillations of a field locked to an atomic transition. The cesium microwave standard defines the second through the 9.19 GHz ground-state hyperfine transition, interrogated by Ramsey's separated-oscillatory-field method whose fringe width is set by the free-precession time. Optical clocks replace the microwave transition with an optical one five orders of magnitude higher in frequency, raising the quality factor and the fractional stability in proportion. Lattice and single-ion clocks reach fractional uncertainties near ten-to-the-minus- eighteen by trapping the atoms at a magic wavelength that cancels the light shift, and at that level they measure the gravitational redshift over centimetres of height.\n",{"path":12991,"title":12992,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Fatomic-physics","Atomic Physics",{"path":12994,"title":12995,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Fdatabases","Databases",{"path":12997,"title":12998,"module":10583,"summary":12999},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Ffoundations\u002Fwhat-is-a-category","Categories, Objects, and Arrows","A category is objects, arrows between them, a rule for composing arrows, and an identity arrow on every object, subject to associativity and the unit laws. The axioms mention no elements: arrows need not be functions, and an object is known only through the arrows into and out of it. Isomorphism, commutative diagrams, duality, and the terminal object are the first consequences.\n",{"path":13001,"title":13002,"module":10583,"summary":13003},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Ffoundations\u002Fexamples-of-categories","A Zoo of Categories","The axioms admit two very different kinds of model: large categories of structured sets and their structure-preserving maps (Set, Mon, Grp, Top, Vect), and small categories that are themselves single algebraic objects — a monoid as a one-object category, a poset as a thin category. The awkward cases Rel and Pfn have sets as objects but relations and partial functions as arrows, and a typed programming language presents its types and programs as a category.\n",{"path":13005,"title":13006,"module":10583,"summary":13007},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Ffoundations\u002Fspecial-morphisms","Isomorphisms, Monos, and Epis","Injectivity and surjectivity mention elements, so a general category re-expresses them by cancellation: monomorphisms cancel on the left, epimorphisms on the right. Sections and retractions are the split versions with an explicit one-sided inverse. Mono plus epi does not force an isomorphism, and subobjects are equivalence classes of monos into a fixed object.\n",{"path":13009,"title":13010,"module":10583,"summary":13011},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Ffoundations\u002Ffunctors","Functors: Maps Between Categories","A functor sends objects to objects and arrows to arrows while preserving composition and identities. Covariant and contravariant functors, the standard stock (forgetful, free, hom, and powerset), and the classification by faithfulness, fullness, and essential surjectivity all follow. Functors compose, so categories and functors form a category themselves.\n",{"path":13013,"title":13014,"module":10583,"summary":13015},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Ffoundations\u002Fnatural-transformations","Natural Transformations and Functor Categories","A natural transformation is a map between two parallel functors: one component arrow per object, subject to a commuting square for every arrow of the source. Naturality is verified for the determinant, the double dual, and list operations; functors and natural transformations form the functor category [C, D]; and vertical and horizontal composition satisfy the Godement interchange law.\n",{"path":13017,"title":13018,"module":10583,"summary":13019},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Ffoundations\u002Fsize-and-set-theory","Size: Small, Large, Locally Small","The objects of Set do not form a set, and pretending otherwise reproduces the classical paradoxes. Classes make the small\u002Flarge distinction precise, with locally small and essentially small as the intermediate notions. Cantor's theorem shows Set and its algebraic relatives are large, and the function-based axiomatization of sets is the one category theory prefers to ZFC.\n",{"path":13021,"title":13022,"module":13023,"summary":13024},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Funiversal-properties\u002Funiversal-properties","Universal Properties, Initial and Terminal Objects","Universal Properties and Basic Constructions","A universal property characterizes an object by a for-all\u002Fexists-unique condition on the arrows into or out of it, and any two objects satisfying the same property are isomorphic by a unique isomorphism. Initial and terminal objects are the simplest cases; the free vector space, the discrete topology, and the ring of integers show the pattern at work.\n",{"path":13026,"title":13027,"module":13023,"summary":13028},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Funiversal-properties\u002Fproducts-and-coproducts","Products and Coproducts","The product of two objects is a wedge of projections through which every other wedge factors uniquely; the coproduct is the dual, built from injections. In Set these are the cartesian product and the disjoint union, in a poset the meet and join, and in abelian groups the two coincide. The mediating-arrow discipline established here is the template for all limits.\n",{"path":13030,"title":13031,"module":13023,"summary":13032},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Funiversal-properties\u002Fconstructions-on-categories","Opposite, Product, Slice, and Comma Categories","Categories are themselves mathematical structures, and the standard algebraic constructions apply: opposites, products, subcategories, slices, and the comma category that subsumes them. The opposite category yields the duality principle, halving the subject's proofs; slice and comma categories repackage every universal property as an initial or terminal object.\n",{"path":13034,"title":13035,"module":13036,"summary":13037},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Frepresentables-yoneda\u002Frepresentable-functors","Hom-Functors and Representables","Representables and the Yoneda Lemma","Fixing an object A of a locally small category produces a set-valued functor, the hom-functor A(A,-), that records every map out of A. A functor is representable when it is naturally isomorphic to such a hom-functor. We define the covariant and contravariant hom-functors, collect the standard representables (identity, forgetful, powerset), and read maps as generalized elements of varying shape.\n",{"path":13039,"title":13040,"module":13036,"summary":13041},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Frepresentables-yoneda\u002Fyoneda-lemma","The Yoneda Lemma","The Yoneda lemma computes the natural transformations out of a representable presheaf: they form a set in natural bijection with X(A). The proof fixes a single degree of freedom, the image of the identity arrow, and shows naturality forces everything else. We prove the bijection, verify naturality in both variables, and read off that a natural transformation out of a representable is just one element.\n",{"path":13043,"title":13044,"module":13036,"summary":13045},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Frepresentables-yoneda\u002Fyoneda-consequences","The Yoneda Embedding and Its Uses","Three corollaries turn the Yoneda lemma into working machinery. A representation of a presheaf is the same thing as a universal element; the Yoneda embedding of a category into its presheaf category is full and faithful; and two objects are isomorphic exactly when their representables are. Together they justify constructing arrows by constructing natural transformations between hom-functors, and they contain Cayley's theorem as the one-object case.\n",{"path":13047,"title":13048,"module":13049,"summary":13050},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Flimits-colimits\u002Flimits","Cones and Limits","Limits and Colimits","A diagram is a functor from a small shape category; a cone over it is an object with compatible legs to every node; and a limit is the terminal cone, the one every other cone factors through uniquely. Products and terminal objects reappear as limits over particular shapes, and the whole construction is unique up to a single isomorphism.\n",{"path":13052,"title":13053,"module":13049,"summary":13054},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Flimits-colimits\u002Fproducts-equalizers-pullbacks","Equalizers and Pullbacks","The equalizer of a parallel pair is the universal arrow that makes the two composites agree; the pullback of a cospan is the universal commutative square. In Set they are solution sets and fibered products, every equalizer is monic, monics are stable under pullback, and products plus equalizers together generate all limits.\n",{"path":13056,"title":13057,"module":13049,"summary":13058},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Flimits-colimits\u002Fcolimits","Colimits: Coproducts, Coequalizers, Pushouts","Colimits are limits in the opposite category: cocones replace cones, and the universal cocone is initial rather than terminal. Coproducts glue objects side by side, coequalizers impose relations and produce quotients, pushouts glue along a shared part, and in Set every colimit is a quotient of a disjoint union. Directed colimits admit a clean elementwise description.\n",{"path":13060,"title":13061,"module":13049,"summary":13062},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Flimits-colimits\u002Fcomputing-limits","Computing Limits in Concrete Categories","In Set the limit of any diagram is the set of threads: choice functions through the nodes that commute with every edge. In Pos, Mon, and Top the recipe is the same limit downstairs plus the unique structure that makes the projections structure-preserving — pointwise order, componentwise operations, the topology generated by the projections. The pattern is what \"the forgetful functor creates limits\" means concretely.\n",{"path":13064,"title":13065,"module":13049,"summary":13066},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Flimits-colimits\u002Flimits-and-functors","Preservation, Reflection, and Creation of Limits","A functor preserves limits if it sends limit cones to limit cones, reflects them if it recognizes them, and creates them if limits downstairs lift uniquely upstairs. Representable functors preserve all limits, forgetful functors from algebra create them, and limits in functor categories are computed pointwise, one evaluation at a time.\n",{"path":13068,"title":13069,"module":13070,"summary":13071},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fadjunctions\u002Fadjunctions","Adjoint Functors via Hom-Set Bijections","Adjunctions","An adjunction is a natural bijection between two hom-sets: maps out of $F(A)$ in one category correspond to maps into $G(B)$ in the other. We give the definition, spell out the naturality axioms that make the correspondence compatible with composition, and work the flagship examples — free vector spaces, free groups, discrete and indiscrete topologies, and currying.\n",{"path":13073,"title":13074,"module":13070,"summary":13075},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fadjunctions\u002Funits-and-counits","Units, Counits, and the Triangle Identities","The whole hom-set bijection of an adjunction is generated by two natural transformations: the unit, obtained by transposing identity maps on one side, and the counit, by transposing them on the other. Two triangle identities are all they must satisfy, and any pair satisfying them determines a unique adjunction. The same correspondence specializes to order-preserving maps between posets and to free constructions.\n",{"path":13077,"title":13078,"module":13070,"summary":13079},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fadjunctions\u002Fadjunctions-via-universal-arrows","Adjunctions from Universal Arrows","The unit component at a single object is an initial object of a comma category, and this universal property alone rebuilds the whole adjunction. A functor has a left adjoint exactly when every object admits such a universal arrow, and the left adjoint is assembled from them one object at a time. We prove the equivalence of all three formulations of adjointness.\n",{"path":13081,"title":13082,"module":13070,"summary":13083},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fadjunctions\u002Ffree-forgetful-adjunctions","Free Constructions and Free–Forgetful Adjunctions","Free monoids, free groups, and free vector spaces are left adjoints to forgetful functors, and the universal mapping property is all one needs to prove it. Some forgetful functors also have right adjoints (co-free constructions like the indiscrete topology), producing three-functor chains. Contravariant adjunctions, symmetric in their two functors, close the lesson with the pattern behind duality and representation theorems.\n",{"path":13085,"title":13086,"module":13087,"summary":13088},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fadjoints-limits\u002Flimits-via-adjoints","Limits as Adjoints and as Representables","Adjoints, Representables, and Limits Together","A cone on a diagram is a natural transformation from a constant diagram, so a limit is a representation of the cone functor and, equivalently, a value of the right adjoint to the diagonal functor. We prove both rephrasings, derive uniqueness and functoriality of limits from them, and record the dual statement that a colimit is the left adjoint to the diagonal.\n",{"path":13090,"title":13091,"module":13087,"summary":13092},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fadjoints-limits\u002Fpresheaf-limits-colimits","Limits and Colimits of Presheaves","Representables preserve limits, and limits in a functor category are computed one object at a time, so a presheaf category is complete and cocomplete with all its structure inherited pointwise from Set. The Yoneda embedding then preserves limits but not colimits, and the density theorem repairs the colimit side: every presheaf is a canonical colimit of representables.\n",{"path":13094,"title":13095,"module":13087,"summary":13096},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fadjoints-limits\u002Fadjoints-preserve-limits","Right Adjoints Preserve Limits (RAPL)","A functor with a left adjoint preserves every limit that exists, and dually a functor with a right adjoint preserves colimits. The proof is a four-line chain of natural isomorphisms through the adjunction and the continuity of representables. The theorem yields product-and-exponential arithmetic in Set, another proof that limits commute with limits, and a standard test for proving that a functor has no adjoint.\n",{"path":13098,"title":13099,"module":13087,"summary":13100},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fadjoints-limits\u002Fadjoint-functor-theorem","The Adjoint Functor Theorem","RAPL makes limit preservation necessary for having a left adjoint; the adjoint functor theorems identify when it is sufficient. For ordered sets no extra hypothesis is needed. In general the candidate adjoint is a limit over a comma category that may be large, and the general adjoint functor theorem tames it with a weakly initial set. We prove GAFT in full and apply it to free groups and, through the special adjoint functor theorem, the Stone–Čech compactification.\n",{"path":13102,"title":13103,"module":13104,"summary":13105},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fmonads-algebras\u002Fmonads","Monads from Adjunctions","Monads and Algebras","A monad on a category is an endofunctor equipped with a unit and a multiplication satisfying associativity and unit laws — the data of a monoid, written internally to the category of endofunctors. Every adjunction induces one, and the list, exception, and state constructions that model computational effects are all monads on Set.\n",{"path":13107,"title":13108,"module":13104,"summary":13109},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fmonads-algebras\u002Falgebras-eilenberg-moore","Algebras for a Monad","An algebra for a monad is an object with a structure map that interacts correctly with the unit and multiplication. The algebras form the Eilenberg–Moore category, whose free–forgetful adjunction induces the monad back; a comparison functor relates any other inducing adjunction to it, and for the list monad the algebras are exactly monoids.\n",{"path":13111,"title":13112,"module":13104,"summary":13113},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fmonads-algebras\u002Fkleisli-and-programming","The Kleisli Category and Monads in Programming","The Kleisli category of a monad has the same objects as the base but takes arrows A to TB, composed by mapping and flattening. These arrows are effectful programs, Kleisli composition is the bind of functional programming, and the Kleisli adjunction is the initial resolution of the monad, with Eilenberg–Moore at the terminal end.\n",{"path":13115,"title":13116,"module":13104,"summary":13117},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fmonads-algebras\u002Falgebras-for-endofunctors","Algebras for an Endofunctor and Recursion","Dropping the monad laws leaves algebras for a bare endofunctor, whose initial objects are the least fixed points of the functor by Lambek's lemma. The natural numbers, lists, and trees are initial algebras; the unique map out of an initial algebra is the fold of functional programming; and the Smyth–Plotkin fixed-point technique builds Scott domains the same way.\n",{"path":13119,"title":13120,"module":13121,"summary":13122},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fcartesian-closed-lambda\u002Fcartesian-closed-categories","Cartesian Closed Categories","Cartesian Closed Categories and Typed Lambda Calculus","A cartesian closed category has a terminal object, binary products, and for every pair of objects an exponential object that internalizes the hom-set as an object of the category. The defining data is an evaluation arrow and a currying operation, packaged by the adjunction between product-with-A and exponential-by-A. Set, Boolean and Heyting algebras, functor categories, and Cat are all cartesian closed.\n",{"path":13124,"title":13125,"module":13121,"summary":13126},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fcartesian-closed-lambda\u002Flambda-calculus-correspondence","Typed Lambda Calculus and CCCs","The typed lambda calculus and the cartesian closed category are two presentations of the same theory. Types become objects, terms with one free variable become arrows, product types become products, and function types become exponentials, with abstraction matching currying and application matching evaluation. Building the category of a lambda theory and the internal language of a category are mutually inverse up to equivalence.\n",{"path":13128,"title":13129,"module":13121,"summary":13130},"\u002Fcategory-theory\u002Fcartesian-closed-lambda\u002Ffixed-points-and-recursion","Fixed Points in Cartesian Closed Categories","The untyped lambda calculus has a fixed-point combinator; the typed calculus cannot, and Lawvere's fixed-point theorem explains why: any point-surjection onto an exponential forces every endomap to have a fixed point, which is the abstract form of Cantor's diagonal argument. Recursion is recovered instead by restricting to omega-complete partially ordered objects, where every continuous endomap has a least fixed point built by iterating from bottom. This gives While loops a semantics.\n",{"path":13132,"title":13133,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Fcategory-theory","Category Theory",{"path":13135,"title":11777,"module":13136,"summary":13137},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fmathematical-background\u002Flinear-algebra-for-deep-learning","Mathematical Background","Every quantity a network touches is a tensor, and every layer is a matrix acting on one. This lesson compiles the linear algebra deep learning actually uses: products and norms, the system $Ax=b$ and when it is solvable, the two decompositions (eigen and SVD) that diagonalize a transformation, and the pseudoinverse that solves what cannot be solved exactly. It then derives PCA as the worked example that ties it all together.\n",{"path":13139,"title":13140,"module":13136,"summary":13141},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fmathematical-background\u002Fprobability-and-information-theory","Probability & Information Theory","This lesson assembles the probabilistic vocabulary a network is trained in (random variables, densities, the chain rule, expectation and covariance, the handful of distributions that recur everywhere) and then the information theory that turns a probabilistic model into a loss: self-information, entropy, and the KL divergence whose asymmetry is the cross-entropy objective itself.\n",{"path":13143,"title":13144,"module":13136,"summary":13145},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fmathematical-background\u002Fnumerical-computation","Numerical Computation","Machine learning runs on finite-precision arithmetic, where every number is approximated and every operation rounds. This lesson sets the numerical ground rules: overflow and underflow and the standard stabilizations, the condition number that measures how much a problem amplifies error, and the gradient-based optimization (first and second order, constrained and unconstrained) that every training loop runs.\n",{"path":13147,"title":11136,"module":13136,"summary":13148},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fmathematical-background\u002Fcalculus","This lesson assembles the differential calculus used in training networks: the gradient and directional derivative, the Jacobian and Hessian, and the chain rule in scalar, vector, and matrix form. From the chain rule it derives back-propagation as a single sweep over the computational graph, tabulates the matrix-calculus identities that recur in layer gradients, reads optimization off a second-order Taylor expansion, and ends with why reverse-mode automatic differentiation is the algorithm every framework runs.\n",{"path":13150,"title":13151,"module":10583,"summary":13152},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Fwhat-is-deep-learning","What Is Deep Learning?","Deep learning is representation learning by composition: stack simple differentiable layers, define a loss, and let gradient descent discover the features a human would otherwise have to engineer by hand. We set up the whole vocabulary (model, loss, optimizer, data), the training loop that ties them together, and the three reasons the approach became practical.\n",{"path":13154,"title":13155,"module":10583,"summary":13156},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Fmachine-learning-refresher","A Machine-Learning Refresher","The statistical framework the networks live in: data drawn from an unknown distribution, a loss to minimize, and the central question of generalization: will it work on data we have not seen? We set up empirical risk, capacity, the bias–variance tradeoff, and maximum likelihood.\n",{"path":13158,"title":13159,"module":10583,"summary":13160},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Flinear-models-and-the-perceptron","Linear Models & the Perceptron","The simplest learners (linear regression, logistic regression, the perceptron) already contain the whole template: a weighted sum, a loss, a gradient step. They also fail on the XOR problem, which no linear model can solve — the limitation that motivates deep learning.\n",{"path":13162,"title":13163,"module":13164,"summary":13165},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fneural-networks\u002Fthe-multilayer-perceptron","The Multilayer Perceptron","Neural Networks","Stacking linear layers with a nonlinearity between them removes the limitation that stopped the perceptron. We build the multilayer perceptron in explicit matrix form (the forward pass, its dimensions, a worked XOR network with concrete weights) and prove why the nonlinearity is essential: without it the deepest stack collapses to a single hyperplane.\n",{"path":13167,"title":13168,"module":13164,"summary":13169},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fneural-networks\u002Factivation-functions","Activation Functions","The activation is the only nonlinear part of a layer, and the reason depth adds expressive power. We catalog the standard hidden units (sigmoid, tanh, ReLU and its descendants, plus GELU, softplus, swish and maxout), derive each unit's derivative in full, make the vanishing-gradient problem quantitative with the chain-rule product, work numeric examples, and explain why the saturating units gave way to ReLU and why ReLU's own dead-unit failure gave way to Leaky\u002FPReLU\u002FELU\u002FGELU.\n",{"path":13171,"title":13172,"module":13164,"summary":13173},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fneural-networks\u002Funiversal-approximation","Universal Approximation","One hidden layer with a non-polynomial activation can approximate any continuous function on a compact set to arbitrary accuracy: the universal approximation theorem. We prove it constructively (two sigmoids make a bump; sums of bumps make any curve), then show the limitation: existence is not efficiency. Depth-separation results exhibit functions a deep net represents with $O(n)$ units that a shallow net needs $\\exp(n)$ units to match.\n",{"path":13175,"title":13176,"module":13164,"summary":13177},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fneural-networks\u002Fbackpropagation","Backpropagation","Backpropagation is the chain rule run backward over a computational graph. We formalize the graph, derive the four backprop equations for an MLP, present the forward and backward passes as algorithms, and work a tiny two-layer net by hand with explicit numbers. The result: one scalar loss, reverse-mode autodiff, and a gradient for every parameter at twice the cost of a forward pass.\n",{"path":13179,"title":13180,"module":13164,"summary":13181},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fneural-networks\u002Floss-functions-and-output-units","Loss Functions & Output Units","The last layer is where a network's hidden representation meets the task. Choosing an output unit and a loss is not two independent choices; maximum likelihood fixes the pair. We derive the standard couplings (linear\u002FMSE, sigmoid\u002FBCE, softmax\u002Fcross-entropy), show why softmax and cross-entropy were built to cancel into the residual $\\hat y - y$, and prove why squared error is the wrong loss for a saturating classifier.\n",{"path":13183,"title":13184,"module":13185,"summary":13186},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Foptimization\u002Fgradient-descent-and-sgd","Gradient Descent & SGD","Optimization","Training is descent on the empirical risk: step the parameters against the gradient. We derive the minibatch gradient as an unbiased estimator whose variance falls as $1\u002FB$, derive the learning-rate ceiling from the smoothness-stability bound $\\eta \u003C 2\u002FL$, and lay out the schedules (step, exponential, cosine, warmup) that anneal it over training.\n",{"path":13188,"title":13189,"module":13185,"summary":13190},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Foptimization\u002Fmomentum-and-adaptive-methods","Momentum & Adaptive Methods","Plain gradient descent zig-zags across ravines and moves slowly along flat valleys, because one global learning rate cannot suit a surface with wildly different curvature in different directions. Two fixes address the two problems: momentum accumulates a velocity that damps the oscillation and accelerates the drift, and adaptive methods give every parameter its own learning rate scaled by the history of its gradients. Adam fuses both, and is the default optimizer of modern deep learning.\n",{"path":13192,"title":13193,"module":13185,"summary":13194},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Foptimization\u002Finitialization","Weight Initialization","The initial weights determine whether training can succeed before the first gradient step. Initialize every weight equal and all hidden units compute the same function forever; initialize too small or too large and the signal vanishes or explodes as it crosses depth. A single variance condition, $n_{\\text{in}}\\mathrm{Var}(W)=1$, fixes both, and reading it off the forward and backward passes yields Xavier and He initialization directly.\n",{"path":13196,"title":13197,"module":13185,"summary":13198},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Foptimization\u002Fthe-optimization-landscape","The Optimization Landscape","The loss of a deep network is a non-convex surface in millions of dimensions, so local search carries no global guarantee, yet it works. We classify critical points by the eigenvalues of the Hessian, show that in high dimension nearly all of them are saddle points rather than bad local minima, and read off the practical terrain — plateaus, cliffs, ill-conditioning, and the sharp-versus-flat distinction that ties the geometry of a minimum to how well it generalizes.\n",{"path":13200,"title":13201,"module":13185,"summary":13202},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Foptimization\u002Fsecond-order-and-approximate-methods","Second-Order & Approximate Methods","Newton's method reads the curvature of the loss off its Hessian and jumps to the minimum of the local quadratic in a single step, rescaling away the ill-conditioning that slows first-order descent. We derive it, then explain the three obstacles that keep it out of deep learning: a $d \\times d$ Hessian for $d$ in the billions, an attraction to saddle points, and minibatch noise. The alternative is approximation (conjugate gradients, BFGS and L-BFGS, the natural gradient and Hessian-free methods), each buying some of Newton's curvature information without ever forming or inverting $H$.\n",{"path":13204,"title":13205,"module":13206,"summary":13207},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fregularization\u002Fregularization-overview","Regularization Overview","Regularization","Regularization is any modification to a learning algorithm meant to lower test error at the possible expense of training error. We derive the bias–variance decomposition that explains why it helps, set up the two parameter-norm penalties, $L^2$ weight decay and $L^1$, derive their update rules and eigenbasis shrinkage, show geometrically why $L^1$ alone produces sparse weights (soft-thresholding), distinguish weight decay from loss-added $L^2$ under AdamW, and read both penalties through the two lenses that recur across the chapter: a norm-ball constraint via KKT, and a prior via MAP estimation.\n",{"path":13209,"title":13210,"module":13206,"summary":13211},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fregularization\u002Fdropout-and-data-augmentation","Dropout & Data Augmentation","Two of the most effective regularizers add no penalty term at all; they perturb the computation instead. Dropout multiplies hidden units by a random Bernoulli mask, training an exponential ensemble of thinned subnetworks that share weights; inverted scaling collapses that ensemble into one cheap forward pass at test time. Data augmentation enlarges the training set with label-preserving transforms, injecting the invariances the task demands, and noise injection (input, weight, label smoothing, Mixup) generalizes the same idea into a continuous family.\n",{"path":13213,"title":13214,"module":13206,"summary":13215},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fregularization\u002Fearly-stopping-and-parameter-sharing","Early Stopping & Parameter Sharing","Two cheap regularizers that cost no extra term in the loss. Early stopping treats training time itself as a hyperparameter (watch the validation curve, halt at its minimum, keep the best checkpoint), and for a quadratic objective it is provably equivalent to $L^2$ weight decay. Parameter sharing goes the other way: it constrains many weights to be _equal_, the prior behind every convolution and every recurrent step, and the reason a CNN has orders of magnitude fewer parameters than the dense net it replaces.\n",{"path":13217,"title":13218,"module":13206,"summary":13219},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fregularization\u002Fnormalization","Normalization","Normalization layers standardize activations to zero mean and unit variance inside the network, then hand the model a learnable scale and shift to undo the constraint when it pays to. Batch normalization does this across the batch and must keep separate train-time and test-time statistics; layer, instance, and group norm change only the axes they average over. The result is faster, better-conditioned optimization and a free dose of regularizing batch noise.\n",{"path":13221,"title":13222,"module":13223,"summary":13224},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Fconvolutional-networks","Convolutional Networks","Architectures","A convolutional network replaces the dense layer's all-to-all weight matrix with a small kernel slid across the input. Three structural commitments (sparse connectivity, parameter sharing, and translation equivariance) collapse the parameter count by orders of magnitude and bake the right prior for images directly into the architecture. We derive the convolution arithmetic, the output geometry, pooling, and the receptive field, then assemble the canonical stack.\n",{"path":13226,"title":13227,"module":13223,"summary":13228},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Fcnn-architectures","CNN Architectures","Six landmark networks, each contributing exactly one idea: LeNet's conv-pool stack, AlexNet's ReLU-and-dropout scale, VGG's $3\\times3$ uniformity, Inception's multi-scale module, ResNet's residual skip, and DenseNet's dense connectivity. The common thread is the degradation problem (why plain deeper nets train worse, not just overfit) and the residual block that solved it by keeping a $+1$ path open for the gradient.\n",{"path":13230,"title":13231,"module":13223,"summary":13232},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Frecurrent-networks","Recurrent Networks","A recurrent network folds a sequence into a fixed-size hidden state, reusing one set of weights at every time step, the architectural prior that the same rule applies wherever it lands in time. Unrolling the recurrence exposes a deep feed-forward graph; backpropagation through it sums gradient contributions across all steps and chains a product of Jacobians, and that product is why long-range gradients vanish or explode. That failure motivates gated architectures.\n",{"path":13234,"title":13235,"module":13223,"summary":13236},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Flstm-and-gru","LSTM & GRU","A plain recurrent network propagates its hidden state through a repeated weight-matrix multiply, and the Jacobian product that results vanishes or explodes long before a useful gradient can reach the early steps. Gated RNNs fix this with an additive memory path: a cell state that is carried forward almost unchanged, past which the gradient flows along a near-identity highway. We derive that highway, give the full LSTM and GRU equations, and compare the two.\n",{"path":13238,"title":13239,"module":13223,"summary":13240},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Fattention-and-transformers","Attention & Transformers","Attention replaces fixed wiring with content-based routing: every position reads from every other through a soft, learned dot-product lookup. We derive scaled dot-product attention and its $\\sqrt{d_k}$ correction, build it into multi-head self-attention, inject order with positional encodings, and stack the whole thing into the Transformer block that displaced recurrence and convolution alike.\n",{"path":13242,"title":13243,"module":13223,"summary":13244},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Fthe-transformer-architecture","The Transformer Architecture","The Transformer is the architecture built around the attention mechanism. This first part assembles the full encoder–decoder of \"Attention Is All You Need\" — embeddings and positional encoding, stacked self-attention and feed-forward sublayers wrapped in residual connections and LayerNorm, masked decoding and cross-attention — works through causal masking and the three modern families (encoder-only, decoder-only, encoder–decoder), and accounts for where the parameters and the $O(n^2)$ compute actually go.\n",{"path":13246,"title":13247,"module":13223,"summary":13248},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Ftransformers-in-practice","Transformers in Practice","The Transformer makes no assumption about what a token represents. This part follows the architecture out of language: image patches feed a plain encoder (the Vision Transformer), the decoder-only half scales into the GPT line of large language models, and one substrate covers translation, retrieval, and multimodal grounding. We work the ViT patch arithmetic and a GPT parameter count by hand, then close on the empirical scaling laws — power-law loss, the Chinchilla compute-optimal balance, and emergent behavior — that made scale the dominant lever.\n",{"path":13250,"title":13251,"module":13223,"summary":13252},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Fgraph-neural-networks","Graph Neural Networks","A graph neural network learns on data with no grid and no canonical ordering: atoms in a molecule, users in a social network, road segments in a map. The unifying idea is message passing — each node repeatedly aggregates its neighbors' states and updates its own — built to respect the one symmetry graphs demand, permutation equivariance. We derive the message-passing framework, specialize it into GCN, GraphSAGE, GAT, and GIN, read off graph-level outputs, and bound what message passing can and cannot tell apart.\n",{"path":13254,"title":13255,"module":13223,"summary":13256},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Farchitectures\u002Fstate-space-models","State-Space Models and Mamba","A state-space model carries a continuous linear hidden state through a sequence, and that linearity buys two equivalent algorithms from one set of weights: a recurrence that runs in linear time with constant memory, and a global convolution that trains in parallel. Long-range memory comes from how the transition matrix is initialized (HiPPO) and parameterized (S4's diagonal-plus-low-rank form). Mamba breaks the convolution on purpose, making the parameters input-dependent so the model can select what to remember, recovered at speed by a hardware-aware parallel scan.\n",{"path":13258,"title":13259,"module":13260,"summary":13261},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Ftheory\u002Fgeneralization-theory","Generalization Theory","Theory & Frontiers","Classical learning theory bounds the gap between training and test error by a model's capacity (VC dimension, Rademacher complexity), and predicts that a model with more parameters than data should overfit catastrophically. Modern networks do the opposite: they interpolate, even fit pure noise, and still generalize. We derive the classical bounds, work the bias-variance decomposition, show why the bounds go vacuous, and survey what replaced them: double descent, the interpolation threshold, margin and norm-based bounds, and the implicit bias of the optimizer itself.\n",{"path":13263,"title":13264,"module":13260,"summary":13265},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Ftheory\u002Fadversarial-robustness","Adversarial Robustness","A trained network can be fooled by a perturbation too small for a human to see: add a carefully aimed vector of magnitude $\\epsilon$ to a correctly classified image and the prediction flips. We derive the fast gradient sign method as the first-order-optimal step inside an $L_\\infty$ ball, explain the linearity hypothesis that makes high-dimensional models so easy to push around, build up to projected gradient descent, and frame adversarial training as a min-max robust-optimization problem with its own accuracy cost. Defenses beyond training continue in the next lesson.\n",{"path":13267,"title":13268,"module":13260,"summary":13269},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Ftheory\u002Fadversarial-defenses","Adversarial Defenses","Defending a network against an adversary is far harder than attacking one. This lesson covers the defense side: certified guarantees via randomized smoothing, the transferability that makes black-box attacks possible, and the recurring failure of gradient masking, where a defense hides the attacker's gradient instead of moving the decision boundary. It ends with the adaptive-attack discipline (BPDA, EOT, transfer) that every robustness claim must be tested against.\n",{"path":13271,"title":13272,"module":13260,"summary":13273},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Ftheory\u002Fbayesian-and-ensemble-methods","Bayesian & Ensemble Methods","A trained network returns a single point prediction and, with the softmax, a confidence, but that confidence is usually miscalibrated, collapsing to near- certainty even on inputs the model has never seen. This lesson covers uncertainty estimation for networks: the two kinds of uncertainty, the Bayesian posterior over weights and its tractable stand-ins (MC dropout, deep ensembles), and how to check whether a model's reported confidences match observed frequencies.\n",{"path":13275,"title":13276,"module":13260,"summary":13277},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Ftheory\u002Fdeep-equilibrium-models","Deep Equilibrium Models","A deep network need not be a fixed stack of layers; it can be a single weight-tied layer iterated to convergence, its output defined implicitly as the fixed point $z^\\star = f_\\theta(z^\\star, x)$. The forward pass becomes root-finding and the backward pass becomes implicit differentiation, so training costs O(1) memory regardless of effective depth. We derive both passes from the implicit function theorem and close the course on defining a layer by a fixed-point condition rather than an explicit stack.\n",{"path":13279,"title":13280,"module":13281,"summary":13282},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fgenerative-models\u002Flinear-factor-models","Linear Factor Models","Generative Models","The simplest generative models share one template: a latent variable drawn from a fixed prior, run through a linear decoder, plus noise. Probabilistic PCA, factor analysis, independent component analysis, and sparse coding are all this template with a different prior on the latents and a different noise model. We derive each marginal, see why ICA needs non-Gaussianity to identify its sources, and show how sparse coding learns Gabor-like dictionary atoms.\n",{"path":13284,"title":13285,"module":13281,"summary":13286},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fgenerative-models\u002Fautoencoders","Autoencoders","An autoencoder is a network trained to copy its input to its output through a narrow channel; the useful product is the bottleneck representation $h$, not the reconstruction. We derive the undercomplete autoencoder and prove its linear case recovers PCA, then trade the bottleneck for explicit regularization (sparse, denoising, contractive) and show how a denoising autoencoder learns the low-dimensional manifold the data lives on.\n",{"path":13288,"title":13289,"module":13281,"summary":13290},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fgenerative-models\u002Fvariational-autoencoders","Variational Autoencoders","An autoencoder compresses, but its latent space has gaps: sample a point between two encodings and the decoder produces noise. The variational autoencoder fixes this by training a probabilistic encoder against a prior, so the latent space becomes a smooth, samplable density. We derive the evidence lower bound it maximizes, the reparameterization trick that lets gradients flow through a random sample, and the closed-form Gaussian regularizer that pulls the posterior toward the prior.\n",{"path":13292,"title":13293,"module":13281,"summary":13294},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fgenerative-models\u002Fgenerative-adversarial-networks","Generative Adversarial Networks","A generative adversarial network trains two networks against each other: a generator that turns noise into samples, and a discriminator that tries to tell real data from forgeries. The game has a clean theory: the optimal discriminator is a likelihood ratio, and at equilibrium the generator minimizes the Jensen–Shannon divergence to the data, with a global optimum exactly when its distribution matches the data. We derive that result, fix the saturating loss that breaks training, and catalogue the failure modes (mode collapse, instability, vanishing gradients) and the architectural fixes.\n",{"path":13296,"title":13297,"module":13281,"summary":13298},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fgenerative-models\u002Fautoregressive-and-normalizing-flows","Autoregressive Models & Normalizing Flows","Two families that provide exact likelihoods, each at a cost. Autoregressive models factor the joint by the probability chain rule and learn each conditional with a masked network: exact $\\log p(x)$, but sampling proceeds one coordinate at a time. Normalizing flows push a simple base density through an invertible map and read $\\log p(x)$ off the change-of-variables formula, trading architectural freedom for a cheap Jacobian determinant via triangular coupling layers.\n",{"path":13300,"title":13301,"module":13281,"summary":13302},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fgenerative-models\u002Fenergy-based-and-boltzmann-machines","Energy-Based & Boltzmann Machines","Energy-based models replace an explicit density with a scalar energy and a Boltzmann normalization, $p(x) = e^{-E(x)}\u002FZ$: simple to specify, but with an intractable partition function $Z$. The Boltzmann machine and its restricted variant make the energy bilinear so the hidden units factorize, and contrastive divergence sidesteps $Z$ by replacing the model expectation with a few Gibbs steps started at the data. We close on the undirected deep models (DBNs and DBMs) and how they differ from the directed VAE.\n",{"path":13304,"title":13305,"module":13281,"summary":13306},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fgenerative-models\u002Fdiffusion-and-score-based-models","Diffusion and Score-Based Models","Corrupt a data point with Gaussian noise in small steps until only noise remains, then train a network to undo one step at a time. We derive the forward process and its closed-form marginal, reduce the variational bound to the single noise-prediction objective that makes diffusion trainable, and show the score-matching view that unifies it with Langevin sampling and the continuous SDE. The lesson closes with DDIM fast sampling, classifier-free guidance, and the latent diffusion that powers modern text-to-image systems.\n",{"path":13308,"title":13309,"module":13310,"summary":13311},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fprobabilistic-methods\u002Fstructured-probabilistic-models","Structured Probabilistic Models","Probabilistic Methods","A joint distribution over $n$ variables is a table with exponentially many entries; nobody can store it, fit it, or sample from it directly. Structure fixes this: a graph whose missing edges encode conditional independencies that factor the joint into small local pieces. We build the two dialects, directed (Bayesian networks) and undirected (Markov random fields), read independence off the graph, and connect the machinery to the latent-variable and energy-based models that power deep generative learning.\n",{"path":13313,"title":13314,"module":13310,"summary":13315},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fprobabilistic-methods\u002Fmonte-carlo-and-mcmc","Monte Carlo & MCMC","Most quantities of interest in a probabilistic model are integrals nobody can compute in closed form: expectations, marginals, partition functions. Monte Carlo replaces the integral with an average over samples; importance sampling reweights samples from a tractable proposal; and when even sampling the target is hard, Markov-chain Monte Carlo builds a chain whose stationary distribution _is_ the target. We derive Metropolis–Hastings and Gibbs, analyze mixing, and close on the partition-function gradient that powers energy-based learning.\n",{"path":13317,"title":13318,"module":13310,"summary":13319},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fprobabilistic-methods\u002Fapproximate-inference","Approximate Inference","In a latent-variable model the quantity we need, the posterior $p(h\\mid v)$ over hidden causes, is almost never computable, because its normalizer is an intractable sum over configurations. Approximate inference reframes the problem as optimization: maximize the evidence lower bound, a tractable functional whose gap to the true log-evidence equals a KL divergence. From that single bound fall expectation–maximization, mean-field variational inference, MAP, and the learned encoders behind variational autoencoders.\n",{"path":13321,"title":13322,"module":13323,"summary":13324},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fpractical\u002Fpractical-methodology","Practical Methodology","Practical Deep Learning","Knowing the algorithms is half the job; the other half is a disciplined loop. Fix a goal and a metric, stand up an end-to-end baseline, then read the train\u002Fvalidation gap to decide whether the next move is more data or a bigger model. We detail that loop: choosing metrics under class imbalance, default baselines by data type, extrapolating the data a target needs, and guarding the data pipeline against the leaks and label bugs that corrupt every gradient. Hyperparameter tuning, debugging, and deployment continue in the sequel.\n",{"path":13326,"title":13327,"module":13323,"summary":13328},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fpractical\u002Fhyperparameters-and-debugging","Hyperparameters & Debugging","The tuning half of the methodology loop. The learning rate is the one hyperparameter that dominates, so we tune it first, on a log scale, coarse to fine, and prefer random search to grid when only a few dials matter. Then an ordered debugging playbook — overfit one batch, check the loss at initialization against ln C, watch the gradient norm, gradient-check against centered finite differences — and, after launch, monitoring for train-test skew and distribution drift with confidence-based abstention.\n",{"path":13330,"title":13331,"module":13323,"summary":13332},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fpractical\u002Frepresentation-learning","Representation Learning","A good representation makes a hard task easy by changing coordinates: it disentangles the factors of variation, spends its bits as a distributed code, and respects the low-dimensional manifold the data lives on. We make those three properties precise, recover the manifold hypothesis, and close on the first method that turned them into training practice — greedy layer-wise unsupervised pretraining — before the sequel picks up how the field learned to reuse those features.\n",{"path":13334,"title":13335,"module":13323,"summary":13336},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fpractical\u002Ftransfer-learning","Transfer Learning","A representation learned once can be reused everywhere. We cover the main mechanisms of reuse: feature extraction versus fine-tuning, the generic-to-specific gradient of features that sets the freeze boundary, the learning-rate discipline that keeps borrowed weights from being erased, domain adaptation when only the input distribution shifts, and the modern arc from supervised transfer to self-supervised foundation models.\n",{"path":13338,"title":13339,"module":13323,"summary":13340},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fpractical\u002Fapplications","Applications","We survey large-scale training (the hardware, the two axes of parallelism, mixed precision, and the compression tricks that shrink a model after it is trained), then specialize the same gradient loop to vision, language, speech, and recommendation. Each domain is a different prior bolted onto one optimizer: convolutional invariance for pixels, distributed word vectors for tokens, sequence transduction for audio, low-rank factorization for the user–item matrix.\n",{"path":13342,"title":13343,"module":13323,"summary":13344},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fpractical\u002Fmodel-compression-and-distillation","Model Compression and Distillation","A trained network and a deployable one are rarely the same object. This lesson is the toolkit for closing that gap: knowledge distillation transfers a large teacher's soft, information-rich logits into a small student; pruning deletes the weights that contribute least; quantization swaps 32-bit floats for 8- or 4-bit integers; and low-rank factorization replaces a fat matrix with two thin ones. We derive each method, show what it costs in accuracy, and lay out which combinations win on which hardware.\n",{"path":13346,"title":13347,"module":13323,"summary":13348},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Fpractical\u002Fmeta-learning-and-few-shot","Meta-Learning and Few-Shot Learning","A deep network trained on one example per class overfits. Meta-learning targets this few-shot regime by training across a distribution of tasks so that a new task is learnable from a handful of examples. We formalize the $N$-way $K$-shot episode, then derive the two dominant families: metric methods that learn an embedding where distance classifies (Prototypical Networks), and optimization methods that learn an initialization a few gradient steps can adapt (MAML). We close on the link to transfer learning and to the in-context few-shot behavior of large language models.\n",{"path":13350,"title":13351,"module":13352,"summary":13353},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Flarge-language-models","Large Language Models","Large Models & Agents","A large language model is a decoder-only Transformer trained on one objective, next-token prediction, then scaled until new behavior appears. This first part builds the object itself: the equivalence between next-token prediction and lossless compression, subword tokenization (BPE, WordPiece, Unigram, SentencePiece) worked on a real sentence, the four pretraining objectives and the attention masks that distinguish them, and the three model families (encoder-only, decoder-only, encoder--decoder) with their parameter budgets. Scaling, decoding, the KV cache, and alignment continue in part two.\n",{"path":13355,"title":13356,"module":13352,"summary":13357},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Fscaling-inference-and-alignment","Scaling, Inference, and Alignment of Language Models","Once a language model is built, three questions remain: how does it improve as it grows, how is it decoded and served affordably, and how is a raw next-token predictor turned into an assistant. We derive the Kaplan power laws and the Chinchilla compute-optimal balance, trace emergent abilities and in-context learning, catalog the decoding strategies from greedy to nucleus sampling, work the KV cache that makes generation quadratic instead of cubic, cover parameter-efficient adaptation by low-rank updates (LoRA), and close on the alignment stack: instruction tuning, RLHF, and DPO.\n",{"path":13359,"title":13360,"module":13352,"summary":13361},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Fseq2seq-pretraining-and-bart","Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pretraining: BART","BERT corrupts and reconstructs; GPT predicts the next token. Sequence-to-sequence pretraining unifies both by training a full encoder–decoder as a denoising autoencoder: corrupt the text with a noise function, then reconstruct the original through a bidirectional encoder and an autoregressive decoder. This first part derives the denoising objective, catalogs BART's five noise functions (with a worked Poisson-infilling budget), proves BART specializes to both BERT and GPT, and traces a dimension-annotated forward pass through its encoder--decoder. T5, PEGASUS, fine-tuning, and decoding continue in part two.\n",{"path":13363,"title":13364,"module":13352,"summary":13365},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Ftext-to-text-transfer-and-conditional-generation","Text-to-Text Transfer and Conditional Generation","BART reconstructs a corrupted document; T5 pushes the same denoising idea into a single interface where every task is a string-to-string map. This second part covers T5's span corruption with sentinel tokens (with a worked token budget), PEGASUS's summarization-matched gap sentences and the MASS midpoint, supervised fine-tuning and beam-search decoding with a length penalty, the exposure-bias failure modes of autoregressive decoding, and a theorem showing why a bidirectional encoder--decoder strictly dominates a decoder-only model when the output is conditioned on a full input.\n",{"path":13367,"title":13368,"module":13352,"summary":13369},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Fspeech-and-audio-models","Speech Recognition: Front-Ends and Alignment","Speech is a long, high-rate sequence whose label is short and unaligned, so the whole subject turns on bridging that mismatch. This first part builds the spectral front-ends that compress a waveform into frames (STFT, mel spectrogram, MFCC, with a worked frame-count), derives CTC's marginalization over alignments and its forward-backward recursion with a two-frame numeric example, and contrasts it with attention-based seq2seq (LAS) and the RNN transducer. Self-supervised and weakly-supervised models, and text-to-speech, continue in part two.\n",{"path":13371,"title":13372,"module":13352,"summary":13373},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Fself-supervised-speech-and-synthesis","Self-Supervised Speech Models and Synthesis","The recognition front-ends and alignment losses of part one all need transcribed audio, which is scarce. This second part removes that dependence: wav2vec 2.0 learns speech representations from unlabeled audio by a masked contrastive objective, HuBERT swaps the contrast for masked prediction of clustered units, and Whisper trades curation for scale with weakly-supervised web audio and a multitask token interface. We close with text-to-speech (the same length mismatch run backwards) and a tour of speech foundation models, discrete audio codecs, and neural TTS.\n",{"path":13375,"title":13376,"module":13352,"summary":13377},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Fai-agents","AI Agents: Tools and Reasoning","A language model that only emits text is a function from prompt to prompt; an agent closes the loop, letting that model act on an environment, read back the result, and decide again. This first part formalizes the agent as a policy over interaction histories, builds out tool calling and the executor trust boundary, the ReAct interleaving of reasoning and action (with concrete traces), and search over thoughts: chain-of-thought, self-consistency, least-to-most, and Tree of Thoughts. Memory, retrieval, reflection, and multi-agent orchestration continue in part two.\n",{"path":13379,"title":13380,"module":13352,"summary":13381},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Fagent-memory-retrieval-and-orchestration","Agent Memory, Retrieval, and Orchestration","An agent's reasoning and tool use only matter if it can remember what it learned and coordinate work larger than one context window. This second part builds the systems around the loop: short-term scratchpad versus long-term vector store, retrieval-augmented generation with a worked softmax over passage scores, reflection (Reflexion, Self-Refine), and multi-agent orchestration. It closes on the failure modes that bound agents — invalid tool calls, horizon-error compounding, context overflow, non-terminating loops — and the benchmarks that score the full loop.\n",{"path":13383,"title":13384,"module":13352,"summary":13385},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Fmixture-of-experts","Mixture-of-Experts","A mixture-of-experts layer replaces one feed-forward network with many and a router that sends each token to only a few of them, so the parameter count and the per-token compute become separate dials. We derive the gated output, sparse top-$k$ routing softmax, the load-balancing loss that stops the router from collapsing onto a single expert, and expert\u002Ftoken capacity with dropping, then work the dimension-annotated tensor shapes and FLOP arithmetic. We trace the architectures from the sparsely-gated LSTM through GShard, Switch Transformer, and Mixtral, cover distributed expert parallelism, and close on the training dynamics, failure modes, and serving costs of a sparse model.\n",{"path":13387,"title":13388,"module":13352,"summary":13389},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Fmultimodal-models","Multimodal Contrastive Learning","A multimodal model places images, text, and audio in one representation space, so a picture and its caption land close together. This first part builds the contrastive route: the shared embedding space and its residual modality gap, the Vision Transformer image encoder (patch embedding, CLS token, position embeddings, with shapes), the symmetric InfoNCE loss that trains the CLIP dual encoder from a batch similarity matrix (with a worked numeric step), and zero-shot classification as a softmax over class-prompt embeddings. Fusion and vision-language models continue in part two.\n",{"path":13391,"title":13392,"module":13352,"summary":13393},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Flarge-models-and-agents\u002Ffusion-and-vision-language-models","Fusion and Vision-Language Models","A contrastive model compares modalities but never lets one read another. This second part builds the fusion route: early, late, and cross-attention fusion, then the three designs that connect a frozen vision encoder to a frozen language model — Flamingo's zero-initialized gated cross-attention, BLIP-2's Q-Former, and LLaVA's linear projector. We work the token-budget arithmetic that separates them, name the object-hallucination and fine-detail failure modes, cover the contrastive-then- instruction-tune recipe and its retrieval\u002Fcaptioning\u002FVQA benchmarks, and close on natively multimodal models.\n",{"path":13395,"title":13396,"module":13397,"summary":13398},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ffoundations-of-reinforcement-learning","Foundations of Reinforcement Learning","Reinforcement Learning","Reinforcement learning is the third paradigm: an agent learns to act by interacting with an environment that returns rewards, not labels. We formalize the interaction as a Markov decision process, define the value functions that rank states and actions, and derive the Bellman expectation and optimality equations that every method downstream solves. Dynamic programming gives the exact answer when the model is known, and its convergence rests on a single fact: the Bellman operator is a contraction.\n",{"path":13400,"title":13401,"module":13397,"summary":13402},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodel-free-prediction-and-control","Model-Free Prediction and Control","When the dynamics are unknown, an agent cannot plan against a model; it must learn directly from sampled experience. We build prediction and control from two estimators of the same return: Monte Carlo averages whole episodes, while temporal-difference learning bootstraps from its own next estimate. We trace the bias-variance contrast between them, derive SARSA and Q-learning as the on-policy and off-policy forms of control, unify everything through n-step returns and eligibility traces, and close on the deadly triad that makes off-policy bootstrapping with function approximation diverge.\n",{"path":13404,"title":13405,"module":13397,"summary":13406},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-q-networks","Deep Q-Networks","A Deep Q-Network replaces the tabular action-value function with a neural approximator $Q(s,a;\\theta)$ and trains it by regression toward a bootstrapped target. Naive online Q-learning with a network diverges, so DQN adds two stabilizers: an experience-replay buffer that decorrelates samples, and a periodically-frozen target network that holds the regression target still. We derive the loss, give the full algorithm and the Atari pipeline, and then layer on Double DQN, the dueling split, prioritized replay, and the Rainbow combination.\n",{"path":13408,"title":13409,"module":13397,"summary":13410},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fpolicy-gradients-and-actor-critic","Policy Gradients and Actor-Critic Methods","Value-based reinforcement learning learns what each state is worth and acts greedily; policy-gradient methods skip the detour and optimize a parameterized policy directly by ascending the gradient of expected return. The policy gradient theorem makes this tractable through the log-derivative trick, turning an intractable gradient of an expectation into an expectation of a gradient. REINFORCE realizes the idea but suffers high variance; baselines, the advantage function, and actor-critic learning reduce it, and trust-region methods (TRPO, PPO) keep each update from destroying the policy it just learned.\n",{"path":13412,"title":13413,"module":13397,"summary":13414},"\u002Fdeep-learning\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Frl-from-human-feedback","Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback","Many objectives we want from a model, that it be helpful and harmless, are hard to write down but easy to judge by comparison. RLHF turns that asymmetry into a training signal: fit a reward model to pairwise human preferences under the Bradley-Terry likelihood, then fine-tune the policy to maximize that reward under a KL penalty toward a reference. We derive the reward loss, the KL-regularized RL objective and its closed-form optimum, then show how DPO inverts that optimum to collapse the whole pipeline into one supervised log-sigmoid loss, and survey IPO, KTO, RLAIF, and GRPO.\n",{"path":13416,"title":13417,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Fdeep-learning","Deep Learning",{"path":13419,"title":13420,"module":11327,"summary":13421},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fequilibrium-state-variables-zeroth-law","Equilibrium, State Variables, and the Zeroth Law","Thermodynamics describes a many-body system by a handful of macroscopic variables and the equilibrium relations among them. This lesson fixes the vocabulary: systems and the walls that separate them, state variables versus path-dependent process quantities, quasi-static and reversible idealizations, and the zeroth law, whose transitivity of thermal equilibrium is what lets temperature exist as a number. The ideal-gas thermometer turns that number into a scale, and an equation of state ties the variables into a surface.\n",{"path":13423,"title":13424,"module":11327,"summary":13425},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Ffirst-law-heat-and-work","The First Law: Internal Energy, Heat, and Work","The first law is energy conservation for a system that exchanges energy as both heat and work. Internal energy is a state function with an exact differential; heat and work are path-dependent process quantities. This lesson states $\\d U=\\delta Q+\\delta W$, computes compression work as an area on the $P$–$V$ plane, defines the heat capacities $C_V$ and $C_P$ and the enthalpy that makes $C_P$ natural, and works the isothermal and adiabatic processes of an ideal gas, including the adiabat $PV^\\gamma=\\text{const}$.\n",{"path":13427,"title":13428,"module":11327,"summary":13429},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fsecond-law-entropy-and-the-carnot-bound","The Second Law, Carnot Cycles, and Entropy","The second law forbids the free conversion of heat into work. This lesson states the Kelvin and Clausius forms, proves them equivalent, and analyzes the Carnot cycle to get the efficiency bound $1-T_c\u002FT_h$. Carnot's theorem makes that bound universal and defines the thermodynamic temperature scale. The Clausius inequality $\\oint \\delta Q\u002FT\\le 0$ then constructs entropy as a state function, $\\d S=\\delta Q_{\\rm rev}\u002FT$, whose non-decrease in isolated systems is the arrow of time.\n",{"path":13431,"title":13432,"module":11327,"summary":13433},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fthermodynamic-potentials-and-maxwell-relations","Thermodynamic Potentials and Maxwell Relations","The fundamental relation $\\d U=T\\,\\d S-P\\,\\d V+\\mu\\,\\d N$ packages the first and second laws into one exact differential. Legendre transforms swap each conjugate pair to produce the Helmholtz, enthalpy, Gibbs, and grand potentials, each minimized under its own natural variables. Equality of mixed second partials of these potentials gives the Maxwell relations, which convert unmeasurable entropy derivatives into measurable ones from the equation of state.\n",{"path":13435,"title":13436,"module":11327,"summary":13437},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fthermodynamics\u002Fstability-response-functions-and-the-third-law","Response Functions, Stability, and the Third Law","Response functions — heat capacities, compressibilities, thermal expansion — are the second derivatives of the potentials and the quantities an experiment actually measures. This lesson derives the general relation $C_P-C_V=TV\\alpha^2\u002F\\kappa_T$, shows that convexity of the potentials forces the stability conditions $C_V>0$ and $\\kappa_T>0$, and states the third law: entropy approaches a constant as $T\\to0$, so heat capacities and expansion coefficients vanish there and absolute zero is unattainable.\n",{"path":13439,"title":13440,"module":13441,"summary":13442},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffoundations\u002Fclassical-statistics-and-equipartition","Classical Statistics and Equipartition","Microstates, Phase Space, and Statistical Entropy","A liter of gas holds on the order of a trillion trillion molecules, far too many to track by their equations of motion. Classical statistical mechanics replaces the trajectories with a single probability law, the Boltzmann distribution, and reads the measurable properties of matter off it: the Maxwell speed distribution, the average energy per degree of freedom, and the heat capacities of gases and solids — together with the low-temperature failures that forced the quantum revision.\n",{"path":13444,"title":13445,"module":13441,"summary":13446},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffoundations\u002Fphase-space-and-liouvilles-theorem","Phase Space, Trajectories, and Liouville's Theorem","A classical system of N particles is one point in a 6N-dimensional phase space, and its evolution is a single trajectory driven by Hamilton's equations. This lesson builds that geometric picture, introduces the phase-space density of an ensemble, and proves Liouville's theorem: the density is carried by the flow as an incompressible fluid, so phase-space volume is conserved. The stationary densities of equilibrium follow as functions of the conserved quantities alone.\n",{"path":13448,"title":13449,"module":13441,"summary":13450},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffoundations\u002Fensembles-and-the-equal-probability-postulate","Ensembles and the Postulate of Equal a Priori Probabilities","An ensemble is a probability distribution over the microstates of a system. This lesson states the single postulate on which equilibrium statistical mechanics rests — that an isolated system in equilibrium is equally likely to be in any of its accessible microstates — and works out its consequences: the accessible phase-space volume, the overwhelming dominance of the most probable macrostate as the particle number grows, and the ergodic hypothesis that lets a time average be replaced by an ensemble average.\n",{"path":13452,"title":13453,"module":13441,"summary":13454},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffoundations\u002Fstatistical-entropy-boltzmann-and-gibbs","Statistical Entropy: Boltzmann and Gibbs","Entropy is the logarithm of the number of accessible microstates. This lesson builds the two statistical entropies — Boltzmann's S = k ln Omega for an isolated system and Gibbs's S = -k sum p ln p for any ensemble — proves they agree for a uniform distribution, and connects both to Shannon's measure of missing information. The second law emerges as the drift toward maximum multiplicity, and maximizing the Gibbs entropy under constraints previews the canonical distribution.\n",{"path":13456,"title":13457,"module":13458,"summary":13459},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fmicrocanonical\u002Fmicrocanonical-ensemble-and-entropy","The Microcanonical Ensemble and Statistical Entropy","The Microcanonical Ensemble","An isolated system holds its energy, volume, and particle number fixed, and the fundamental postulate assigns equal probability to every microstate on its energy shell. This lesson builds the microcanonical distribution, defines the enclosed phase-space volume $\\Gamma(E)$, the surface density of states $\\omega(E)=\\d\\Gamma\u002F\\d E$, and the shell count $\\Omega(E)$, shows their logarithms agree to $O(\\ln N)$ for large $N$, and reads the Boltzmann entropy $S=k\\ln\\Omega$ off the count. The measure factors $h^{3N}$ and $N!$ enter here and make $S$ extensive.\n",{"path":13461,"title":13462,"module":13458,"summary":13463},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fmicrocanonical\u002Fequilibrium-conditions-temperature-pressure-chemical-potential","Thermal, Mechanical, and Diffusive Equilibrium","Two isolated subsystems that can exchange energy, volume, or particles reach equilibrium at the partition that maximizes their combined entropy. Setting the derivative of the total entropy to zero identifies the statistical definitions $1\u002FT=(\\partial S\u002F\\partial E)$, $P\u002FT=(\\partial S\u002F\\partial V)$, and $-\\mu\u002FT=(\\partial S\u002F\\partial N)$, shows heat flows from hot to cold as an entropy increase, and recovers the fundamental relation $\\d S=(\\d E+P\\,\\d V-\\mu\\,\\d N)\u002FT$ from pure counting.\n",{"path":13465,"title":13466,"module":13458,"summary":13467},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fmicrocanonical\u002Fideal-gas-phase-space-and-the-sackur-tetrode-entropy","The Ideal Gas, Phase-Space Volume, and the Sackur–Tetrode Entropy","The monatomic ideal gas is the first system whose microcanonical count can be done in closed form. The momentum integral is the volume of a $3N$-dimensional ball of radius $\\sqrt{2mE}$, the configuration integral is $V^N$, and together they give the Sackur–Tetrode entropy $S=Nk[\\ln(V\u002FN\\lambda^3)+5\u002F2]$ with the thermal wavelength $\\lambda=h\u002F\\sqrt{2\\pi mkT}$. The formula matches the measured entropy of helium, fixes the classical regime $n\\ll n_Q$, and shows why the $N!$ is needed for extensivity.\n",{"path":13469,"title":13470,"module":13458,"summary":13471},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fmicrocanonical\u002Ftwo-state-systems-paramagnets-and-negative-temperature","Two-State Systems, Paramagnets, and Negative Temperature","The ideal two-state paramagnet has a multiplicity counted by the binomial coefficient, an entropy that is an inverted dome in the energy, and a temperature read from the slope $1\u002FT=\\partial S\u002F\\partial E$. Because the energy is bounded above, the slope changes sign past the entropy maximum: a population-inverted spin system has a negative absolute temperature, which is hotter than any positive temperature. Nuclear-spin experiments and lasers realize the inverted state.\n",{"path":13473,"title":13474,"module":13475,"summary":13476},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fcanonical\u002Fcanonical-ensemble-and-the-boltzmann-distribution","The Canonical Ensemble and the Boltzmann Distribution","The Canonical Ensemble","A system held at fixed temperature by contact with a heat reservoir is described by the canonical ensemble. Expanding the reservoir entropy to first order in the system energy gives the Boltzmann distribution $p_i\\propto e^{-\\beta E_i}$, and the same law follows from maximizing the Gibbs entropy at fixed mean energy. Both routes identify $\\beta=1\u002Fk_BT$ and fix the probability of every microstate from the temperature alone.\n",{"path":13478,"title":13479,"module":13475,"summary":13480},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fcanonical\u002Fpartition-function-and-the-helmholtz-free-energy","The Partition Function and the Helmholtz Free Energy","The normalizing sum of the Boltzmann distribution, the partition function $Z=\\sum_i e^{-\\beta E_i}$, is a generating function for the thermodynamics. The mean energy is $-\\partial\\ln Z\u002F\\partial\\beta$, and the Gibbs entropy of the canonical distribution collapses to the bridge relation $F=-k_BT\\ln Z$. From $F$ every thermodynamic quantity follows by differentiation, and $Z$ factorizes over independent degrees of freedom.\n",{"path":13482,"title":13483,"module":13475,"summary":13484},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fcanonical\u002Fenergy-fluctuations-and-ensemble-equivalence","Energy Fluctuations and the Equivalence of Ensembles","In the canonical ensemble the energy fluctuates, and the second derivative of $\\ln Z$ gives its variance. The fluctuation–response identity $\\langle\\Delta E^2\\rangle = k_BT^2C_V$ ties the spread of the energy to the heat capacity, and the relative fluctuation falls as $1\u002F\\sqrt{N}$. In the thermodynamic limit the canonical energy distribution is a sharp spike, and the canonical and microcanonical ensembles predict the same thermodynamics.\n",{"path":13486,"title":13487,"module":13475,"summary":13488},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fcanonical\u002Fthe-einstein-solid-and-harmonic-systems","Harmonic Systems: The Einstein Solid and Vibrational Heat Capacity","A quantum harmonic oscillator has a geometric partition function summed in closed form, giving a mean energy $\\hbar\\omega(\\tfrac12+\\langle n\\rangle)$ with the Bose occupation factor. Modeling a solid as $3N$ independent oscillators yields a heat capacity that rises from zero and saturates at the Dulong–Petit value $3Nk_B$. The Einstein temperature sets the crossover, and the model's exponential low-temperature falloff, too steep against the observed $T^3$, motivates the Debye theory.\n",{"path":13490,"title":13491,"module":13475,"summary":13492},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fcanonical\u002Fparamagnetism-and-the-schottky-anomaly","Paramagnetism, Two-Level Systems, and the Schottky Anomaly","A magnetic moment in a field is a two-level system whose partition function is a hyperbolic cosine. The magnetization of a spin-$\\tfrac12$ paramagnet is $N\\mu\\tanh(\\mu B\u002Fk_BT)$, generalizing to the Brillouin function for spin $J$; it gives Curie's law $\\chi\\propto 1\u002FT$ at high temperature and saturates at low temperature. A finite level gap produces the Schottky heat-capacity peak, and the temperature dependence of the entropy on the field is the basis of adiabatic demagnetization cooling.\n",{"path":13494,"title":13495,"module":13496,"summary":13497},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fclassical-gas\u002Fideal-gas-partition-function-and-the-gibbs-paradox","The Ideal Gas Partition Function and the Gibbs Paradox","The Classical Ideal Gas","The classical monatomic ideal gas built from the partition function. The single-particle sum is $z_1=V\u002F\\lambda^3$ with the thermal de Broglie wavelength $\\lambda$; the $N$-particle partition function is $z_1^N\u002FN!$, and the $N!$ is forced by indistinguishability. From $Z$ the ideal-gas law, $U=\\tfrac32 Nk_BT$, and the Sackur–Tetrode entropy follow. The $N!$ makes the entropy extensive and resolves the Gibbs paradox: mixing identical gases produces no entropy change.\n",{"path":13499,"title":13500,"module":13496,"summary":13501},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fclassical-gas\u002Fequipartition-and-the-virial-theorem","Equipartition and the Virial Theorem","The equipartition theorem derived from the canonical ensemble: every phase-space coordinate that enters the Hamiltonian quadratically carries a mean energy $\\tfrac12 k_BT$. The generalized form $\\langle x_i\\,\\partial H\u002F\\partial x_j\\rangle = k_BT\\,\\delta_{ij}$ contains equipartition and the classical virial theorem as special cases. Equipartition fixes the classical heat capacities, fails by quantum freeze-out when a level gap exceeds $k_BT$, and shifts for a relativistic gas whose energy is linear rather than quadratic in momentum.\n",{"path":13503,"title":13504,"module":13496,"summary":13505},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fclassical-gas\u002Fmolecular-gases-rotation-and-vibration","Molecular Gases: Rotational and Vibrational Degrees of Freedom","The internal partition function of a diatomic gas factorizes into translational, rotational, vibrational, and electronic parts. The rigid rotor gives a rotational temperature $\\theta_{\\rm rot}$; the harmonic bond gives a vibrational temperature $\\theta_{\\rm vib}$. Each mode contributes to the heat capacity only above its characteristic temperature, producing the diatomic $C_V$ staircase from $\\tfrac32 R$ to $\\tfrac52 R$ to $\\tfrac72 R$. Homonuclear molecules carry a symmetry number, and hydrogen splits into ortho and para species.\n",{"path":13507,"title":13508,"module":13509,"summary":13510},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fgrand-canonical\u002Fgrand-canonical-ensemble-and-the-grand-partition-function","The Grand Canonical Ensemble","Grand Canonical Ensemble","When a system exchanges both energy and particles with a reservoir, the reservoir fixes its temperature and its chemical potential. Expanding the reservoir entropy to first order in the exchanged energy and particle number gives the Gibbs factor $e^{-\\beta(E-\\mu N)}$, and summing it over every microstate of every particle number gives the grand partition function $\\Xi$. The grand potential $\\Phi = -k_BT\\ln\\Xi = -PV$ generates the mean particle number, energy, entropy, and pressure by differentiation.\n",{"path":13512,"title":13513,"module":13509,"summary":13514},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fgrand-canonical\u002Fchemical-potential-fugacity-and-number-fluctuations","Chemical Potential, Fugacity, and Number Fluctuations","The chemical potential is the energy to add one particle at fixed entropy and volume, equal to the slope of the free energy in the particle number. For the classical ideal gas $\\mu=k_BT\\ln(n\\lambda^3)$ is large and negative, and the fugacity $z=n\\lambda^3$ is small. The grand ensemble makes the particle number fluctuate; its variance $\\langle\\Delta N^2\\rangle=k_BT(\\partial N\u002F\\partial\\mu)$ equals $k_BT\\,N^2\\kappa_T\u002FV$, tying density fluctuations to the isothermal compressibility. Equality of $\\mu$ is the condition for diffusive equilibrium and phase coexistence.\n",{"path":13516,"title":13517,"module":13509,"summary":13518},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fgrand-canonical\u002Fensemble-summary-and-the-thermodynamic-web","The Three Ensembles and the Thermodynamic Web","The microcanonical, canonical, and grand canonical ensembles hold different variables fixed and generate different potentials — the entropy $S$, the Helmholtz free energy $F$, and the grand potential $\\Phi$ — linked by Legendre transforms that trade each fixed variable for its conjugate. Each successive ensemble lets one more quantity fluctuate. In the thermodynamic limit the three agree, the relative fluctuations vanishing as $1\u002F\\sqrt{N}$; the ideal gas gives the same equation of state in all three. The choice of ensemble is a matter of convenience, set by which sum is easiest.\n",{"path":13520,"title":13521,"module":13522,"summary":13523},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fquantum-statistics\u002Fquantum-statistics-bose-einstein-and-fermi-dirac","Quantum Statistics — Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac","Quantum Statistics","Quantum particles of the same kind are genuinely indistinguishable: no label survives an overlap of their wave functions. Counting states with that constraint replaces the Boltzmann distribution with two quantum laws — the Bose-Einstein distribution for integer-spin particles, which clump into shared states, and the Fermi-Dirac distribution for half-integer-spin particles, which exclude one another. Both reduce to Boltzmann in the dilute, hot limit, and a de Broglie criterion says exactly when.\n",{"path":13525,"title":13526,"module":13522,"summary":13527},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fquantum-statistics\u002Fderiving-the-quantum-distributions","Deriving the Quantum Distributions from the Grand Ensemble","The Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac distributions follow from one observation: in the occupation-number representation the single-particle modes are independent, so the grand partition function factorizes into one factor per mode. A boson mode sums a geometric series over all occupancies; a fermion mode sums two terms. Differentiating each factor gives the mean occupation $1\u002F(e^{\\beta(\\varepsilon-\\mu)}\\mp 1)$, the Maxwell-Boltzmann limit when occupancies are small, and the occupation fluctuations that distinguish bunching from anti-bunching.\n",{"path":13529,"title":13530,"module":13522,"summary":13531},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fquantum-statistics\u002Fthe-classical-limit-and-quantum-concentration","The Classical Limit and Quantum Concentration","When every single-particle level is nearly empty, both quantum distributions collapse to the Maxwell-Boltzmann form, and the fugacity equals the ratio of the number density to the quantum concentration $n_Q = 1\u002F\\lambda^3$. The gas is classical when $n \\ll n_Q$, degenerate when $n \\gtrsim n_Q$. The chemical potential is large and negative in the classical regime and rises through zero as the gas degenerates. The leading quantum correction to the ideal-gas law is a second virial term that lowers the pressure for bosons and raises it for fermions — a statistical attraction and repulsion with no interaction behind it.\n",{"path":13533,"title":13534,"module":13522,"summary":13535},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fquantum-statistics\u002Fideal-quantum-gases-general-framework","Ideal Quantum Gases: The General Framework","Every ideal quantum gas is handled by one calculation. The sum over single-particle modes becomes an energy integral weighted by a density of states $g(\\varepsilon)\\propto\\varepsilon^{1\u002F2}$, and the number and pressure reduce to the Bose and Fermi functions $g_\\nu(z)$ and $f_\\nu(z)$ of the fugacity. An integration by parts fixes $PV=\\tfrac23 U$ for a nonrelativistic gas and $PV=\\tfrac13 U$ for an ultrarelativistic one, independent of statistics. Specializing the density of states and the chemical potential then produces the photon gas, phonons, the Bose gas, and the Fermi gas as four branches of the same framework.\n",{"path":13537,"title":13538,"module":13539,"summary":13540},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fbose-systems\u002Fbose-einstein-condensation-and-the-fermion-gas","Bose-Einstein Condensation and the Fermion Gas","Bosonic Systems","Below a critical temperature a boson gas drops a macroscopic fraction of its particles into the single ground state — Bose-Einstein condensation, the mechanism behind superfluid helium and the dilute-atom condensates cooled to nanokelvin. The same statistics applied to a photon gas reproduces Planck's blackbody spectrum. Fermions do the opposite: forbidden from sharing states, they fill every level up to the Fermi energy, and that filled sea governs the electrons in metals and the pressure that holds up a white dwarf.\n",{"path":13542,"title":13543,"module":13539,"summary":13544},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fbose-systems\u002Fthe-photon-gas-and-plancks-radiation-law","The Photon Gas and Planck's Radiation Law","Electromagnetic radiation in equilibrium with cavity walls is a gas of non-conserved bosons, and non-conservation forces the chemical potential to zero. Counting standing-wave modes with two polarizations and weighting each by the Bose occupation gives the Planck spectral energy density. Its low-frequency tail reproduces the classical Rayleigh-Jeans law and the ultraviolet catastrophe; the Bose factor cuts the divergence off at high frequency and the peak obeys Wien's displacement law.\n",{"path":13546,"title":13547,"module":13539,"summary":13548},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fbose-systems\u002Fblackbody-thermodynamics-and-radiation-pressure","Blackbody Thermodynamics and Radiation Pressure","Integrating the Planck spectrum over all frequencies gives the total energy density proportional to the fourth power of temperature — the Stefan-Boltzmann law — and the isotropy of a relativistic gas fixes the radiation pressure at one third of the energy density. From the free energy follow the entropy and heat capacity, both proportional to T cubed, and the adiabatic law for radiation. The results govern the pressure inside stars and the cooling of the cosmic microwave background as the universe expands.\n",{"path":13550,"title":13551,"module":13539,"summary":13552},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fbose-systems\u002Fphonons-and-the-debye-model","Phonons and the Debye Model","The vibrations of a crystal lattice are quantized into phonons — bosons of zero chemical potential, counted exactly like cavity photons but with three polarizations, a finite sound speed, and a total of 3N modes. The Debye model replaces the true dispersion by a linear one cut off at a frequency that enforces that count. It gives the correct low-temperature T-cubed heat capacity the Einstein model missed and recovers the Dulong-Petit value at high temperature.\n",{"path":13554,"title":13555,"module":13539,"summary":13556},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fbose-systems\u002Fbose-einstein-condensation-derived","Bose-Einstein Condensation Derived","For a gas of conserved bosons the excited states can hold only a finite number of particles at fixed temperature, set by the Bose function at unit fugacity. When the total exceeds that ceiling the surplus collapses into the single ground state, which the continuum density-of-states integral misses and which must be restored by hand. This fixes the critical temperature, the condensate fraction, and the fact that a uniform gas condenses only in three or more dimensions.\n",{"path":13558,"title":13559,"module":13539,"summary":13560},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fbose-systems\u002Fthermodynamics-of-the-bose-gas-and-superfluidity","Thermodynamics of the Bose Gas and Superfluidity","The energy and pressure of the ideal Bose gas follow from the Bose function at the order above the density, and below the critical temperature the pressure depends on temperature alone because the condensate carries none. The heat capacity rises to a cusp at the transition. Real superfluid helium departs from the ideal gas because interactions matter: the Landau criterion ties frictionless flow to the phonon-roton excitation spectrum, and the two-fluid model carries a second sound.\n",{"path":13562,"title":13563,"module":13564,"summary":13565},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffermi-gas\u002Fthe-ideal-fermi-gas-at-zero-temperature","The Ideal Fermi Gas at Zero Temperature","Degenerate Fermi Gas","At absolute zero a gas of non-interacting fermions fills every single-particle state up to the Fermi energy and leaves the rest empty, a filled Fermi sphere in momentum space. This lesson computes the Fermi momentum, energy, and temperature from the density, the density of states, the total ground-state energy, and the degeneracy pressure that grows as $n^{5\u002F3}$. Numerical Fermi energies for metals set the scale: they are electron-volts, so room temperature is deep in the degenerate regime.\n",{"path":13567,"title":13568,"module":13564,"summary":13569},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffermi-gas\u002Fsommerfeld-expansion-and-electrons-in-metals","The Sommerfeld Expansion and Electrons in Metals","Turning on a small temperature blurs the Fermi step over a shell of width $k_BT$ around $\\epsilon_F$. The Sommerfeld expansion turns integrals over the Fermi function into a power series in $(k_BT\u002F\\epsilon_F)^2$, giving the shift of the chemical potential and a heat capacity linear in $T$. This resolves the old puzzle of the missing electronic heat capacity, predicts the combined $C=\\gamma T+AT^3$ of a metal, and gives the temperature-independent Pauli paramagnetism of the electron gas.\n",{"path":13571,"title":13572,"module":13564,"summary":13573},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffermi-gas\u002Fwhite-dwarfs-and-the-chandrasekhar-limit","White Dwarfs and the Chandrasekhar Limit","A white dwarf is held up against its own gravity by the degeneracy pressure of its electrons. Balancing that pressure against gravity gives a mass-radius relation $R\\propto M^{-1\u002F3}$: heavier white dwarfs are smaller and denser. As the density rises the electrons turn relativistic, the pressure softens from $n^{5\u002F3}$ to $n^{4\u002F3}$, and the star can no longer support itself above a critical mass. This lesson derives that Chandrasekhar mass, about $1.4\\,M_\\odot$, and what lies beyond it.\n",{"path":13575,"title":13576,"module":13564,"summary":13577},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffermi-gas\u002Fneutron-stars-and-nuclear-matter","Neutron Stars and Dense Matter","When a collapsing core passes nuclear density, electron capture converts the matter to neutrons and their degeneracy pressure takes over. The same balance that fixes a white dwarf, rescaled by the neutron mass, gives a neutron star of a few solar masses in a ten-kilometre radius. General relativity is no longer a correction: the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation replaces the Newtonian balance and sets a maximum mass around two solar masses. This lesson rescales the Fermi-gas argument, states where it breaks, and places the compact objects in one stability sequence.\n",{"path":13579,"title":13580,"module":13581,"summary":13582},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Finteractions\u002Fthe-cluster-expansion-and-virial-coefficients","The Cluster Expansion and Virial Coefficients","Interacting Gases","A real gas departs from $PV=Nk_BT$ because its molecules interact. The configuration integral factors through the Mayer function $f_{ij}=e^{-\\beta u_{ij}}-1$, and expanding it in powers of density produces the virial expansion $PV\u002FNk_BT = 1 + B_2(T)n + B_3(T)n^2 + \\cdots$. The second virial coefficient $B_2(T)=-\\tfrac12\\int f\\,\\d^3r$ is a single integral over the pair potential; it is positive for a hard core, negative for an attractive well, and vanishes at the Boyle temperature where the two balance.\n",{"path":13584,"title":13585,"module":13581,"summary":13586},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Finteractions\u002Fthe-van-der-waals-gas-and-liquid-gas-coexistence","The van der Waals Gas and Liquid-Gas Coexistence","Resumming the second virial coefficient $B_2=b-a\u002Fk_BT$ into an equation of state gives the van der Waals model $(P+a\u002Fv^2)(v-b)=k_BT$, the simplest theory of a fluid that condenses. Below the critical temperature its isotherms develop a mechanically unstable loop; the Maxwell equal-area construction replaces the loop with a coexistence tie line. The critical point sits at $v_c=3b$, $k_BT_c=8a\u002F27b$, $P_c=a\u002F27b^2$, and the model predicts universal but incorrect critical exponents because it ignores fluctuations.\n",{"path":13588,"title":13589,"module":13581,"summary":13590},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Finteractions\u002Fquantum-gases-with-interactions-and-exchange","Quantum Gases with Interactions and Statistical Exchange","A quantum gas has a nonzero second virial coefficient even with no forces between the particles: symmetrization alone produces an effective statistical interaction, attractive for bosons and repulsive for fermions, with range the thermal wavelength $\\lambda$. This lesson derives that exchange contribution $B_2=\\mp\\lambda^3\u002F2^{5\u002F2}g$, writes it as a statistical potential $v_s(r)=-k_BT\\ln(1\\pm e^{-2\\pi r^2\u002F\\lambda^2})$, and shows how real interactions add on top through the Beth-Uhlenbeck phase-shift formula, reducing at low temperature to a single scattering length.\n",{"path":13592,"title":13593,"module":13594,"summary":13595},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fphase-transitions\u002Fphases-coexistence-and-classification","Phases, Coexistence, and the Classification of Transitions","Phase Transitions","A phase transition is a point where the free energy of a substance loses analyticity, so a small change in temperature or pressure produces a qualitative change of state. This lesson maps the coexistence curves of a pure substance, derives the Clausius-Clapeyron relation between the slope of a coexistence line and its latent heat, and separates first-order transitions (discontinuous entropy and density) from continuous ones (a vanishing order parameter and divergent response). The Ehrenfest scheme, the order parameter, and the triple and critical points fix the vocabulary the rest of the module builds on.\n",{"path":13597,"title":13598,"module":13594,"summary":13599},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fphase-transitions\u002Fthe-ising-model-and-exact-solutions","The Ising Model and Exact Results","The Ising model reduces cooperative ordering to spins on a lattice coupled to their neighbors, and the same Hamiltonian describes uniaxial magnets, the liquid-gas critical point through the lattice gas, and binary alloys. This lesson solves the one-dimensional chain exactly with the transfer matrix, shows by a domain-wall argument why one dimension has no ordered phase at any positive temperature, contrasts the survival of order in two dimensions, and quotes Onsager's exact two-dimensional results: the critical temperature, the logarithmically divergent heat capacity, and the magnetization exponent one eighth.\n",{"path":13601,"title":13602,"module":13594,"summary":13603},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fphase-transitions\u002Fmean-field-theory-and-the-weiss-model","Mean-Field Theory and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking","Mean-field theory replaces the neighbors of each spin by their average, turning the interacting Ising model into a single spin in a self-consistent field. The resulting equation m = tanh(beta J z m + beta h) has only the zero solution above a critical temperature and gains a nonzero root below it, giving spontaneous magnetization and a mean-field critical temperature k T_c = J z. The Bragg-Williams free energy turns single-welled above T_c and double-welled below, the picture of spontaneous symmetry breaking. The approximation is exact in high dimension and fails below the upper critical dimension four, quantified by the Ginzburg criterion.\n",{"path":13605,"title":13606,"module":13594,"summary":13607},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fphase-transitions\u002Fcritical-exponents-and-landau-theory","Critical Exponents, Scaling, and Landau Theory","Near a continuous transition every singular quantity follows a power law in the reduced temperature, and the exponents alpha, beta, gamma, delta, nu, and eta encode the transition more sharply than T_c itself. Landau theory expands the free energy in the order parameter and delivers the mean-field exponents in a few lines. They disagree with experiment and with the exact two-dimensional Ising values, but the exponents are not independent: the scaling relations of Rushbrooke, Widom, Fisher, and Josephson tie them together, and the correlation length sets the length scale that organizes universality classes.\n",{"path":13609,"title":13610,"module":13594,"summary":13611},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Fphase-transitions\u002Fthe-renormalization-group-idea","Scaling and the Renormalization-Group Idea","At a critical point fluctuations exist on every length scale, so the system looks the same after coarse-graining. The renormalization group makes this self-similarity a computation: group spins into blocks, integrate out the short scales, and track how the couplings change. The transformation has fixed points, and the flow near a critical fixed point separates relevant couplings that grow from irrelevant ones that shrink, which is why only dimension and symmetry survive to set the exponents. The one-dimensional Ising decimation carries the whole scheme through in closed form and reproduces the absence of a finite-temperature transition.\n",{"path":13613,"title":13614,"module":13615,"summary":13616},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffluctuations\u002Fthermodynamic-fluctuations-and-response","Thermodynamic Fluctuations and Response Functions","Fluctuations and Response","Thermodynamic variables are sharp only on average; a macroscopic system in equilibrium fluctuates about its mean values. Einstein inverted Boltzmann's $S=k_B\\ln\\Omega$ into a Gaussian probability for a fluctuation, $w\\propto e^{\\Delta S\u002Fk_B}$, and the second moments it predicts reproduce the response functions: $\\langle\\Delta E^2\\rangle=k_BT^2C_V$, $\\langle\\Delta V^2\\rangle=k_BTV\\kappa_T$, $\\langle\\Delta M^2\\rangle=k_BT\\chi_T$. The variances diverge where the responses diverge, at a critical point, producing critical opalescence and the breakdown of the thermodynamic description.\n",{"path":13618,"title":13619,"module":13615,"summary":13620},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffluctuations\u002Fbrownian-motion-and-the-langevin-equation","Brownian Motion and the Langevin Equation","A pollen grain in water executes a random walk driven by molecular collisions. Einstein tied its diffusion constant to its mobility, $D=\\mu_{\\mathrm{mob}}k_BT$, turning a visible motion into a measurement of Avogadro's number. The Langevin equation splits the collisions into a systematic drag and a random force whose strength is fixed by the drag through $\\langle\\xi(t)\\xi(t')\\rangle=2\\gamma k_BT\\,\\delta(t-t')$ — the first fluctuation–dissipation relation. The mean-square displacement grows ballistically at short times and linearly, $\\langle r^2\\rangle=2dDt$, at long times, and the Stokes–Einstein relation $D=k_BT\u002F6\\pi\\eta a$ closes the loop to Perrin's experiments.\n",{"path":13622,"title":13623,"module":13615,"summary":13624},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics\u002Ffluctuations\u002Flinear-response-and-the-fluctuation-dissipation-theorem","Linear Response and the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem","A system driven by a weak external field responds through a generalized susceptibility $\\chi(\\omega)$ whose imaginary part measures dissipation. The Wiener–Khinchin theorem makes the power spectrum of equilibrium fluctuations the Fourier transform of their correlation function, and the fluctuation–dissipation theorem ties the two together: $S_x(\\omega)=(2k_BT\u002F\\omega)\\,\\chi''(\\omega)$, so the spectrum of spontaneous fluctuations is fixed by the dissipative response. The Johnson–Nyquist noise of a resistor, $\\langle V^2\\rangle=4k_BTR\\,\\Delta f$, is the canonical example, and Onsager reciprocity closes the subject.\n",{"path":13626,"title":13627,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Fstatistical-mechanics","Statistical Mechanics",{"path":13629,"title":13630,"module":13631,"summary":13632},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmolecules-and-bonding\u002Fbonding-mechanisms","Bonding Mechanisms","Molecules and Chemical Bonding","A molecule forms when the total energy of two atoms drops below the energy of the separated pair. This lesson works through the four mechanisms that produce that minimum: the ionic bond from charge transfer, the covalent bond from shared electron wave functions, the metallic bond, and the weak dipole-dipole and hydrogen bonds, computing bond lengths and dissociation energies for NaCl, H₂, and H₂⁺.\n",{"path":13634,"title":13635,"module":13631,"summary":13636},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmolecules-and-bonding\u002Fmolecular-orbitals-and-h2-plus","The Molecular-Orbital Method and H₂⁺","The hydrogen molecule ion is the two-center problem that fixes the language of chemical bonding. This lesson builds the molecular orbital as a linear combination of atomic orbitals, minimizes the energy through the variational secular equation, and reduces the result to three two-center integrals: the overlap, the Coulomb term, and the exchange (resonance) integral. The bonding and antibonding levels, their potential-energy curves, and the charge piled between the nuclei follow from those integrals.\n",{"path":13638,"title":13639,"module":13631,"summary":13640},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmolecules-and-bonding\u002Fhydrogen-molecule-and-exchange","The Hydrogen Molecule, Exchange, and Hybridization","Adding the second electron turns the one-electron ion into the two-electron hydrogen molecule, where electron-electron repulsion and the Pauli principle govern the bond. This lesson contrasts the Heitler-London valence-bond and molecular-orbital wave functions, derives the singlet-triplet splitting as an exchange energy, shows why naive molecular orbitals fail at dissociation, and builds the sp, sp², and sp³ hybrids that fix the directed geometry of covalent bonds.\n",{"path":13642,"title":13643,"module":13631,"summary":13644},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmolecules-and-bonding\u002Fvan-der-waals-forces","Van der Waals Forces","The bond of last resort acts between all atoms, even closed-shell noble gases with no permanent moment. This lesson separates the three van der Waals contributions — Keesom orientation, Debye induction, and London dispersion — derives the London 1\u002Fr⁶ attraction from the coupled-oscillator and second-order perturbation pictures, and assembles the Lennard-Jones potential to compute the equilibrium spacing and cohesive energy of the noble-gas crystals, argon in particular.\n",{"path":13646,"title":13647,"module":13648,"summary":13649},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmolecular-spectra\u002Frotational-vibrational-spectra","Rotational and Vibrational Spectra of Molecules","Molecular Spectra","A diatomic molecule stores energy in three well-separated ledgers: electronic, vibrational, and rotational. Quantizing the rigid rotor gives levels spaced as ℓ(ℓ+1); quantizing the bond as a harmonic oscillator gives equally spaced vibrational levels. Their combination produces the P and R branches of an infrared absorption band, from which the bond length and force constant are read directly.\n",{"path":13651,"title":13652,"module":13648,"summary":13653},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmolecular-spectra\u002Fanharmonicity-and-rovibrational-structure","Anharmonicity and Rovibrational Structure","The rigid rotor and harmonic oscillator are first approximations. A real bond follows the Morse potential, whose levels converge toward dissociation; a real rotor stretches centrifugally; and vibration couples to rotation, so the rotational constant depends on the vibrational level. This lesson works out the anharmonic and centrifugal corrections, the Birge-Sponer route to the dissociation energy, the isotope shift, and the thermal band envelope.\n",{"path":13655,"title":13656,"module":13648,"summary":13657},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmolecular-spectra\u002Framan-and-electronic-bands","Raman Scattering and Electronic Bands","Not every vibration absorbs in the infrared. Raman scattering reaches modes that modulate the polarizability, giving Stokes and anti-Stokes lines whose intensity ratio measures temperature, and the mutual-exclusion rule pairs it with infrared absorption. Electronic transitions add the vibronic structure of band spectra, governed by the Franck-Condon principle, and the radiative fates of an excited state are sorted by the Jablonski diagram into fluorescence and phosphorescence.\n",{"path":13659,"title":13660,"module":13648,"summary":13661},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmolecular-spectra\u002Flasers-and-masers","Lasers, Masers, and Stimulated Emission","Einstein's three radiative processes — absorption, spontaneous emission, and stimulated emission — and the coefficients that relate them. Stimulated emission produces coherent photons, and inverting the level populations turns it into net amplification. We build the ruby three-level laser and the helium-neon four-level laser, and show why the fourth level makes inversion easy.\n",{"path":13663,"title":13664,"module":13665,"summary":13666},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fcrystal-structure\u002Fstructure-of-solids","The Structure of Solids","Crystal Structure","A crystal is a unit cell repeated in three dimensions. We classify the common cubic lattices, compute the Coulomb energy of an ionic crystal through the Madelung constant, and show how the divergent naive lattice sum is tamed by cubic shells. The cohesive energy that results predicts melting points and connects the diatomic bond of an earlier lesson to the bulk solid.\n",{"path":13668,"title":13669,"module":13665,"summary":13670},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fcrystal-structure\u002Fbravais-lattices-and-crystal-systems","Bravais Lattices, Bases, and Crystal Structures","A crystal is a Bravais lattice decorated by a basis. This lesson separates the two, builds primitive and Wigner-Seitz cells, enumerates the seven crystal systems and fourteen Bravais lattices, and fixes the language of point and space groups. Miller indices label planes and directions, and the packing fractions of the close-packed, cubic, and diamond structures follow from the geometry.\n",{"path":13672,"title":13673,"module":13665,"summary":13674},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fcrystal-structure\u002Freciprocal-lattice-and-brillouin-zones","The Reciprocal Lattice and Brillouin Zones","Every periodic crystal has a dual lattice in wavevector space. This lesson defines the reciprocal lattice through the condition b_i dot a_j equals two pi delta, derives its properties, shows the reciprocal of fcc is bcc, links reciprocal vectors to families of lattice planes, and builds the first Brillouin zone as the Wigner-Seitz cell of the reciprocal lattice, including the higher zones.\n",{"path":13676,"title":13677,"module":13665,"summary":13678},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fcrystal-structure\u002Fdiffraction-and-structure-factors","X-ray and Neutron Diffraction","A crystal diffracts radiation whose wavelength matches its atomic spacing. This lesson derives the Bragg condition, the equivalent Laue condition 2k dot G equals G squared, and the Ewald-sphere construction, then computes the geometric structure factor that produces systematic absences for bcc and fcc, the atomic form factor, and the powder method. It closes on why neutrons and electrons complement X-rays.\n",{"path":13680,"title":13681,"module":13682,"summary":13683},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Flattice-dynamics\u002Fphonon-dispersion","The Harmonic Crystal and Phonon Dispersion","Lattice Dynamics","Atoms in a crystal vibrate about their equilibrium sites, and expanding the potential to second order turns the whole lattice into a set of coupled harmonic oscillators. This lesson sets up the harmonic approximation and the dynamical matrix, solves the monatomic linear chain for its dispersion omega(k) = 2 sqrt(K\u002FM) times the absolute sine of ka over two, explains why wavevectors outside the first Brillouin zone are redundant, and extends the chain to two atoms per cell to produce acoustic and optical branches with a frequency gap.\n",{"path":13685,"title":13686,"module":13682,"summary":13687},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Flattice-dynamics\u002Fphonons-quantization-and-dos","Phonons, Density of States, and Crystal Momentum","Quantizing the normal modes of a harmonic crystal turns each vibrational mode into a quantum oscillator whose excitations are phonons. This lesson counts phonons with Bose-Einstein statistics, defines crystal momentum and the normal versus Umklapp distinction in momentum conservation, builds the density of states with its van Hove singularities, and shows how inelastic neutron scattering measures a dispersion curve point by point.\n",{"path":13689,"title":13690,"module":13682,"summary":13691},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Flattice-dynamics\u002Fdebye-einstein-heat-capacity","Thermal Properties — Einstein and Debye Models","The lattice heat capacity follows the classical Dulong-Petit value at high temperature but collapses toward zero as T approaches zero, a purely quantum effect. This lesson derives that behavior from the Einstein model of a single frequency, then the Debye model of a linear phonon spectrum with a cutoff, obtaining the Debye T-cubed law at low temperature and the Debye interpolation across all temperatures, and closes with thermal expansion and the Gruneisen parameter.\n",{"path":13693,"title":13694,"module":13682,"summary":13695},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Flattice-dynamics\u002Fanharmonicity-and-thermal-transport","Anharmonicity, Thermal Expansion, and Heat Conduction","A perfectly harmonic crystal neither expands when heated nor resists heat flow. Both effects come from the cubic and higher terms the harmonic approximation discards. This lesson derives thermal expansion from an asymmetric interatomic potential, treats phonon-phonon scattering as the decay channel these terms open, shows why Umklapp processes are what make lattice thermal conductivity finite, and traces the temperature dependence of the conductivity and the phonon mean free path.\n",{"path":13697,"title":13698,"module":13699,"summary":13700},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Ffree-electron-fermi-gas\u002Ffree-electron-gas-and-conduction","Conduction and the Free-Electron Gas","Free-Electron Fermi Gas","Drude's classical free-electron model gets Ohm's law right but the resistivity, its temperature dependence, and the heat capacity wrong. Replacing the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution with the Fermi-Dirac distribution and treating electron-lattice collisions as wave scattering repairs all three: the Fermi energy, Fermi speed, and a mean free path set by thermal lattice vibrations.\n",{"path":13702,"title":13703,"module":13699,"summary":13704},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Ffree-electron-fermi-gas\u002Fsommerfeld-model-and-heat-capacity","The Sommerfeld Model: Ground State and Heat Capacity","Quantizing the free-electron gas in a box fills a Fermi sphere in k-space. The density of states grows as the square root of energy in three dimensions, and the Fermi energy, temperature, and wavevector follow for real metals. The Sommerfeld expansion shows only a thermal shell of width k_BT near E_F is excited, giving an electronic heat capacity linear in T that sits beneath the phonon T-cubed term.\n",{"path":13706,"title":13707,"module":13699,"summary":13708},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Ffree-electron-fermi-gas\u002Ftransport-and-the-hall-effect","Transport, Wiedemann–Franz, and the Hall Effect","The relaxation-time picture displaces the Fermi sphere under an applied field and gives the electrical conductivity ne-squared-tau over m. The same electrons carry heat, and their ratio yields the Wiedemann–Franz law with the universal Lorenz number. A magnetic field bends the carriers into cyclotron orbits and produces the Hall voltage, whose sign reveals the charge of the carriers.\n",{"path":13710,"title":13711,"module":13699,"summary":13712},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Ffree-electron-fermi-gas\u002Fscreening-and-plasmons","Screening, Plasmons, and the Limits of Free Electrons","A mobile electron gas rearranges to screen any foreign charge, turning the bare Coulomb potential into a short-ranged Yukawa form over the Thomas–Fermi length. Displaced collectively, the gas rings at the plasma frequency, whose quantum is the plasmon and whose value sets the reflectivity edge of metals. A ledger of free-electron successes and failures then motivates band theory.\n",{"path":13714,"title":13715,"module":13716,"summary":13717},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fband-theory\u002Fblochs-theorem-and-energy-bands","Bloch's Theorem and Energy Bands","Band Theory","An electron in a periodic potential has stationary states that are plane waves modulated by a lattice-periodic envelope. This lesson proves Bloch's theorem two ways, defines crystal momentum and the band index, counts the allowed wavevectors from Born–von Kármán boundary conditions, and sets up the extended, reduced, and repeated-zone descriptions of a band.\n",{"path":13719,"title":13720,"module":13716,"summary":13721},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fband-theory\u002Fnearly-free-electron-model","The Nearly-Free-Electron Model","A weak periodic potential leaves the free-electron parabola almost intact except near Brillouin-zone boundaries, where two nearly degenerate plane waves mix. This lesson solves the resulting two-by-two secular problem, shows the gap of size twice the potential component opening at each boundary, identifies the two standing waves that pile charge on and between the ions, and works the exactly solvable Kronig–Penney model.\n",{"path":13723,"title":13724,"module":13716,"summary":13725},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fband-theory\u002Ftight-binding-method","The Tight-Binding Method","The opposite limit to nearly-free electrons builds bands from atomic orbitals. A Bloch sum of one orbital per site gives a dispersion set by the hopping integral between neighbours; the band widens from a sharp atomic level as the atoms approach. This lesson derives the s-band cosine dispersion, extends it to p-bands, and introduces Wannier functions as the localized dual of Bloch states.\n",{"path":13727,"title":13728,"module":13716,"summary":13729},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fband-theory\u002Ffermi-surfaces-and-semiclassical-dynamics","Fermi Surfaces, Effective Mass, and Metals vs Insulators","Filling the bands settles which crystals conduct. A filled band carries no current, so a crystal with filled bands and a gap is an insulator, while a partly filled band makes a metal. This lesson derives the no-current theorem for a filled band, defines the Fermi surface and Harrison's construction, introduces holes and the effective mass from band curvature, and states the semiclassical equations of motion that lead to Bloch oscillations.\n",{"path":13731,"title":13732,"module":13733,"summary":13734},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsemiconductors\u002Fsemiconductor-bands-and-junctions","Band Theory and Semiconductors","Semiconductors","The periodic lattice splits atomic levels into allowed energy bands separated by forbidden gaps. Whether the highest occupied band is full or partly full, and how wide the gap above it is, sorts every solid into conductor, insulator, or semiconductor. Doping adds donor or acceptor levels inside the gap, and a p-n junction built from doped regions gives the diode, the solar cell, the LED, and the transistor.\n",{"path":13736,"title":13737,"module":13733,"summary":13738},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsemiconductors\u002Fintrinsic-and-extrinsic-semiconductors","Carrier Statistics: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors","The number of mobile electrons and holes in a semiconductor follows from the density of states near each band edge and the Fermi-Dirac tail that reaches into it. This lesson derives the effective densities of states, the intrinsic concentration and its exponential gap dependence, the law of mass action, the temperature march of the Fermi level, and the freeze-out, saturation, and intrinsic regimes of a doped crystal.\n",{"path":13740,"title":13741,"module":13733,"summary":13742},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsemiconductors\u002Fcarrier-transport-and-recombination","Carrier Transport and Recombination","Carriers move by drift in a field and by diffusion down a concentration gradient, the two tied together by the Einstein relation. This lesson derives mobility and its scattering-limited temperature dependence, the drift and diffusion currents, the continuity equations, band-to-band and trap-assisted recombination, and the minority-carrier lifetime and diffusion length that set the length scale of every junction device.\n",{"path":13744,"title":13745,"module":13733,"summary":13746},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsemiconductors\u002Fthe-pn-junction","The p-n Junction in Depth","Joining p-type and n-type silicon aligns their Fermi levels and leaves a depletion region of fixed charge with a built-in potential. This lesson derives the space-charge field and potential from Poisson's equation in the depletion approximation, the built-in voltage from Fermi-level alignment, the Shockley diode equation from minority-carrier diffusion, junction and diffusion capacitance, and the avalanche and Zener breakdown mechanisms.\n",{"path":13748,"title":13749,"module":13733,"summary":13750},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsemiconductors\u002Ftransistors-and-optoelectronics","Transistors and Optoelectronic Devices","Two junctions in series make a bipolar transistor whose thin base gives current gain; a gate over an oxide makes a MOSFET whose inversion channel switches digital logic. Run in reverse, a junction converts photons to current. This lesson derives the transistor current gain and the MOSFET channel current, then treats the LED, the diode laser, and the illuminated solar-cell characteristic.\n",{"path":13752,"title":13753,"module":13754,"summary":13755},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fdielectrics-and-ferroelectrics\u002Fdielectrics-and-polarization","Dielectrics, Polarization, and the Local Field","Dielectrics and Ferroelectrics","An insulator responds to an electric field by polarizing. This lesson builds the macroscopic polarization and the dielectric constant, sorts the microscopic response into electronic, ionic, and orientational polarizability, and corrects the field an atom actually feels to the Lorentz local field E + P\u002F3 epsilon-0. The Clausius-Mossotti relation links the measured permittivity to the atomic polarizability, and the frequency dependence of each mechanism explains why the static and optical dielectric constants differ.\n",{"path":13757,"title":13758,"module":13754,"summary":13759},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fdielectrics-and-ferroelectrics\u002Fferroelectrics-and-piezoelectrics","Ferroelectrics, Piezoelectrics, and Structural Transitions","Some crystals carry a polarization with no applied field and switch it under a reversing field, tracing a hysteresis loop. This lesson develops the ferroelectric transition through the perovskite BaTiO3 displacive instability and its soft transverse-optical mode, builds the Landau free-energy theory of first- and second-order polar transitions, derives the Curie-Weiss divergence of the dielectric constant, and closes with piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity and their devices.\n",{"path":13761,"title":13762,"module":13763,"summary":13764},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmagnetism\u002Fdiamagnetism-and-paramagnetism","Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism","Magnetism in Solids","Every solid responds to a magnetic field. Filled shells give a small negative diamagnetic susceptibility from induced Larmor currents; localized moments give a positive Curie paramagnetism described by the Brillouin function, with the ground-state moment fixed by Hund's rules. The conduction electrons add a temperature-independent Pauli paramagnetism from the thermal shell near the Fermi surface, partly cancelled by Landau diamagnetism of their orbital motion.\n",{"path":13766,"title":13767,"module":13763,"summary":13768},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmagnetism\u002Fexchange-and-ferromagnetism","Exchange and Ferromagnetism","Magnetic ordering at hundreds of kelvin cannot be dipolar; it is an exchange effect, the Coulomb repulsion sorted by the Pauli principle into a spin-dependent energy captured by the Heisenberg Hamiltonian. Weiss molecular-field theory replaces the exchange field by an average proportional to the magnetization, giving a self-consistent equation whose solution is spontaneous magnetization below a Curie temperature and a Curie–Weiss susceptibility above it. Itinerant ferromagnetism follows from the Stoner criterion on the band density of states.\n",{"path":13770,"title":13771,"module":13763,"summary":13772},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmagnetism\u002Fantiferromagnetism-and-domains","Antiferromagnetism, Ferrimagnetism, and Domains","A negative exchange coupling orders neighboring spins antiparallel. Two-sublattice molecular-field theory gives a Néel temperature marked by a cusp in the susceptibility, and unequal sublattices leave a net moment — ferrimagnetism, the magnetism of the ferrites. A ferromagnet breaks into domains to reduce its magnetostatic energy, separated by Bloch walls whose width is set by the competition between exchange and magnetocrystalline anisotropy, and the irreversible motion of those walls produces the hysteresis loop.\n",{"path":13774,"title":13775,"module":13763,"summary":13776},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fmagnetism\u002Fspin-waves-and-magnons","Spin Waves and Magnons","The lowest excitations of a ferromagnet are not single flipped spins but collective precessions in which every moment tips slightly and its phase advances along the crystal. These spin waves have a quadratic dispersion at long wavelength, quantize into magnons obeying Bose statistics, and their thermal population removes magnetization as the Bloch T-to-the-three-halves law. Antiferromagnetic magnons disperse linearly, and inelastic neutron scattering measures both.\n",{"path":13778,"title":13779,"module":13780,"summary":13781},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsuperconductivity\u002Fsuperconductivity-phenomenology","Superconductivity: Phenomenology and BCS","Superconductivity","Below a critical temperature some materials lose all resistance and expel magnetic flux — the Meissner effect that defines the state. The isotope effect points to lattice vibrations, and BCS theory binds electrons into Cooper pairs through phonon exchange. The paired condensate opens an energy gap, quantizes magnetic flux, and drives the Josephson effects.\n",{"path":13783,"title":13784,"module":13780,"summary":13785},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsuperconductivity\u002Flondon-theory-and-the-meissner-effect","London Theory and the Meissner Effect","A perfect conductor freezes the field it was cooled in; a superconductor expels it. The distinction needs a constitutive law beyond zero resistance — the two London equations — whose solution is exponential flux decay over the penetration depth. The same rigidity follows from a macroscopic condensate wave function, and the thermodynamics of the critical field fixes the condensation energy, the latent heat, and the specific-heat jump.\n",{"path":13787,"title":13788,"module":13780,"summary":13789},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsuperconductivity\u002Fginzburg-landau-theory","Ginzburg–Landau Theory, Vortices, and Type-II","A complex order parameter and a free-energy expansion turn the superconducting transition into a Landau theory. Two lengths emerge — the coherence length and the penetration depth — whose ratio kappa sorts superconductors into type I and type II. Type-II materials admit flux as an Abrikosov lattice of vortices, each threading exactly one quantum h\u002F2e, between a lower and an upper critical field.\n",{"path":13791,"title":13792,"module":13780,"summary":13793},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsuperconductivity\u002Fbcs-theory","Microscopic BCS Theory","A phonon-mediated attraction, however weak, binds two electrons above the Fermi sea — the Cooper problem shows the sea is unstable. The BCS variational ground state pairs all electrons near the Fermi surface and, through a self-consistent gap equation, opens an energy gap. Weak-coupling solution gives the exponential T_c and the universal ratios 2 Delta(0) = 3.53 k_B T_c and Delta C \u002F C_n = 1.43.\n",{"path":13795,"title":13796,"module":13780,"summary":13797},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fsuperconductivity\u002Fjosephson-and-high-tc","Josephson Effects and Unconventional Superconductors","Two superconductors joined by a thin barrier carry a supercurrent set by their phase difference — the dc Josephson effect — and oscillate at 2eV\u002Fh under a voltage. A two-junction loop turns flux quantization into a magnetometer of single-quantum sensitivity. The cuprates superconduct in CuO2 planes with a doping-dependent dome, d-wave pairing, and a pseudogap that lie outside the phonon picture.\n",{"path":13799,"title":13800,"module":13801,"summary":13802},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fnanostructures\u002Fquantum-wells-wires-and-dots","Quantum Wells, Wires, and Dots","Nanostructures","When a crystal is shrunk until one or more of its dimensions approaches the electron wavelength, the continuous bands of the bulk break into discrete subbands. Confining in one direction gives a quantum well with a step-like density of states, in two directions a quantum wire with inverse-square-root singularities, and in all three a quantum dot whose levels are sharp like an atom's. This lesson derives the density of states in each case and applies it to size-tunable dot emission and the Coulomb blockade of a single-electron transistor.\n",{"path":13804,"title":13805,"module":13801,"summary":13806},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fnanostructures\u002Finteger-quantum-hall-effect","The 2D Electron Gas and the Integer Quantum Hall Effect","A two-dimensional electron gas in a strong perpendicular magnetic field has its continuous density of states collapse into macroscopically degenerate Landau levels. As the field is swept, the Hall resistance locks onto exact plateaus at h over an integer times e squared, while the longitudinal resistance drops to zero. This lesson derives the Landau levels and their degeneracy, explains the plateaus through disorder-localized states and current-carrying edge channels, and states why the von Klitzing constant is now a resistance standard.\n",{"path":13808,"title":13809,"module":13801,"summary":13810},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fnanostructures\u002Ffractional-quantum-hall-and-topology","The Fractional Quantum Hall Effect and Topological Order","When the lowest Landau level is only partly filled, the non-interacting theory predicts no gap, yet a plateau appears at filling one-third. It is a many-body effect: Coulomb repulsion selects a correlated ground state, the Laughlin wavefunction, whose excitations carry a fraction of the electron charge. This lesson builds the Laughlin state, introduces composite fermions that map the fractional effect onto an integer one, and explains how the quantum Hall effect brought the Chern number and topology into condensed-matter physics.\n",{"path":13812,"title":13813,"module":13801,"summary":13814},"\u002Fcondensed-matter\u002Fnanostructures\u002Fgraphene-and-dirac-materials","Graphene and Dirac Materials","Graphene is one atomic layer of carbon on a honeycomb lattice. A tight-binding calculation on its two-atom basis gives valence and conduction bands that touch at the corners of the Brillouin zone, where the dispersion is linear and the electrons behave as massless two-dimensional Dirac particles with a fixed speed. This lesson derives the Dirac cones, the Berry phase of pi and the sublattice chirality, the anomalous half-integer quantum Hall effect that follows, and how opening a gap in a Dirac cone points toward topological insulators.\n",{"path":13816,"title":13817,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Fcondensed-matter","Condensed Matter Physics",{"path":13819,"title":13820,"module":10583,"summary":13821},"\u002Flogic\u002Ffoundations\u002Flogic-as-a-mathematical-model","Logic as a Mathematical Model of Deduction","Symbolic logic models deductive reasoning the way probability theory models chance: it keeps the form of a correct deduction and discards its content. A deduction is valid when its conclusion follows from the form of the premises alone, independent of what the non-logical words mean. Two models carry the subject — coarse sentential logic and fine first-order logic — and four questions organize it: logical consequence, methods of proof, the gap between provable and true, and the link between logic and computability. Tuples, relations, functions, equivalence classes, and cardinality supply the set-theoretic vocabulary every later chapter uses.\n",{"path":13823,"title":13824,"module":13825,"summary":13826},"\u002Flogic\u002Fsentential-logic\u002Fformal-languages-and-well-formed-formulas","Formal Languages and Well-Formed Formulas","Sentential Logic","The language of sentential logic has an alphabet of sentence symbols, five connectives, and two parentheses, with formation rules that pick out the well-formed formulas. The wffs are the least set of expressions closed under the five formula-building operations, and every such generated set carries an induction principle.\n",{"path":13828,"title":13829,"module":13825,"summary":13830},"\u002Flogic\u002Fsentential-logic\u002Ftruth-assignments-and-tautologies","Truth Assignments, Tautologies, and Consequence","A truth assignment fixes the sentence symbols true or false, and a recursion extends it uniquely to every formula. Satisfaction, tautologies, and tautological implication — one formula following semantically from others — rest on that extension, and the truth-table procedure decides implication for finite premise sets.\n",{"path":13832,"title":13833,"module":13825,"summary":13834},"\u002Flogic\u002Fsentential-logic\u002Funique-readability-and-parsing","Unique Readability and a Parsing Algorithm","Parentheses keep a formula from being read two ways. The parenthesis lemmas and a top-down parsing algorithm recover a formula's structure and yield unique readability: every wff has exactly one formation tree, which is what makes the truth recursion well defined.\n",{"path":13836,"title":13837,"module":13825,"summary":13838},"\u002Flogic\u002Fsentential-logic\u002Finduction-and-recursion","Induction and Recursion on Formulas","Two principles govern any set generated from initial elements by operations: prove a property of all its members by covering the initial elements and the closure steps, and define a function on it by recursion on structure. The recursion theorem needs the set to be freely generated, and unique readability supplies that condition for the well-formed formulas.\n",{"path":13840,"title":13841,"module":13825,"summary":13842},"\u002Flogic\u002Fsentential-logic\u002Fexpressive-completeness-and-normal-forms","Sentential Connectives and Normal Forms","Every formula computes a Boolean function of its atoms, and Post's theorem gives the converse: every Boolean function is realized by a wff in disjunctive normal form, so the five connectives are more than enough. Minimal complete sets follow, down to the single connectives NAND and NOR, together with a method for proving a set of connectives incomplete.\n",{"path":13844,"title":13845,"module":13825,"summary":13846},"\u002Flogic\u002Fsentential-logic\u002Fboolean-circuits","Switching Circuits","A memoryless two-valued circuit computes a Boolean function, so every formula names a gate network and every network a formula. Cost and delay are read off the formula by recursion, and tautological equivalence and normal forms design and simplify circuits realizing a given specification.\n",{"path":13848,"title":13849,"module":13825,"summary":13850},"\u002Flogic\u002Fsentential-logic\u002Fcompactness-and-effectiveness","Compactness and Effectiveness","The compactness theorem reduces satisfiability of an infinite set of formulas to its finite subsets, proved by extension to a maximal finitely satisfiable set and applied to color infinite graphs. Effectiveness fixes what \"decidable\" and \"effectively enumerable\" mean and settles the decidability of tautologyhood.\n",{"path":13852,"title":13853,"module":13854,"summary":13855},"\u002Flogic\u002Ffirst-order-languages\u002Ffirst-order-languages","First-Order Languages","First-Order Languages and Structures","Sentential logic cannot see inside a simple statement, so it misses valid arguments that turn on quantifiers and predicates. A first-order language adds a quantifier, variables, and a chosen vocabulary of predicate, function, and constant symbols. Terms and well-formed formulas are built by recursion over this alphabet, and a variable occurs free or bound according to the quantifiers that reach it.\n",{"path":13857,"title":13858,"module":13854,"summary":13859},"\u002Flogic\u002Ffirst-order-languages\u002Fstructures-truth-and-satisfaction","Structures, Truth, and Satisfaction","A structure interprets a language: a nonempty universe plus a meaning for every predicate, function, and constant symbol. Tarski's recursion defines when a structure satisfies a formula under a variable assignment, and hence when a sentence is true. From satisfaction we recover logical implication, validity, and logical equivalence for first-order logic.\n",{"path":13861,"title":13862,"module":13854,"summary":13863},"\u002Flogic\u002Ffirst-order-languages\u002Fdefinability-and-elementary-equivalence","Definability and Elementary Equivalence","Fix a structure and ask which relations a formula can pick out: the definable ones. A set of sentences picks out a class of structures, the elementary classes. Homomorphisms and isomorphisms compare structures, and the homomorphism theorem shows isomorphic structures satisfy the same sentences. Automorphisms bound what first-order logic can distinguish, giving a tool for proving relations undefinable.\n",{"path":13865,"title":13866,"module":13854,"summary":13867},"\u002Flogic\u002Ffirst-order-languages\u002Fterms-substitution-and-parsing","Parsing, Substitution, and Substitutability","Every recursion on first-order syntax rests on unique readability. A parenthesis-counting function proves that terms and formulas decompose in exactly one way, and a parsing algorithm recovers the decomposition. Substituting a term for a free variable can capture it under a quantifier; the substitutability condition rules that out, and the substitution lemma trades syntactic substitution for a change of assignment.\n",{"path":13869,"title":13870,"module":13871,"summary":13872},"\u002Flogic\u002Fdeductive-calculus\u002Fa-deductive-calculus","A Deductive Calculus for First-Order Logic","The Deductive Calculus and Its Metatheorems","A proof must be finite and mechanically checkable. A Hilbert-style calculus meets both demands: six schemas of logical axioms, a single rule of inference (modus ponens), and the syntactic consequence relation they generate. Substitution and substitutability are defined by recursion, and the bridge theorem reduces deducibility to tautological implication from the axioms.\n",{"path":13874,"title":13875,"module":13871,"summary":13876},"\u002Flogic\u002Fdeductive-calculus\u002Fdeduction-theorem-and-derived-rules","The Deduction Theorem and Derived Rules","Raw deductions from axioms are unusable by hand. The generalization theorem, the deduction theorem, contraposition, reductio ad absurdum, and rule T reduce the calculus to the moves of ordinary mathematics, each proved once to license a block of axiom-level steps. Generalization on constants and alphabetic variants handle the quantifier and substitution bookkeeping.\n",{"path":13878,"title":13879,"module":13871,"summary":13880},"\u002Flogic\u002Fdeductive-calculus\u002Fsoundness","The Soundness Theorem","Soundness is the easy half of the match between proof and truth. Whatever the calculus deduces is logically implied, by an induction on deduction length that rests on one lemma: every logical axiom is valid. The only hard case, quantifier instantiation, needs the substitution lemma. The contrapositive corollary states that every satisfiable set is consistent.\n",{"path":13882,"title":13883,"module":13871,"summary":13884},"\u002Flogic\u002Fdeductive-calculus\u002Fcompleteness-and-consistency","The Completeness Theorem","Gödel's completeness theorem is the deep converse of soundness: whatever is logically implied can be deduced. Equivalently, every consistent set has a model. The Henkin proof manufactures that model out of syntax alone: add witnessing constants, extend to a maximal consistent set, and read a term model off the formulas it contains. Compactness and the enumerability theorem drop out.\n",{"path":13886,"title":13887,"module":13888,"summary":13889},"\u002Flogic\u002Fmodels-and-theories\u002Fcompactness-and-lowenheim-skolem","Compactness and the Löwenheim–Skolem Theorems","Models, Compactness, and Theories","A set of first-order sentences has a model whenever each of its finite subsets does. This compactness theorem follows from completeness and yields the finiteness limitation, the downward and upward Löwenheim–Skolem theorems, models of every infinite cardinality, and nonstandard models of arithmetic.\n",{"path":13891,"title":13892,"module":13888,"summary":13893},"\u002Flogic\u002Fmodels-and-theories\u002Ftheories-elementary-classes-and-categoricity","Theories, Elementary Classes, and Categoricity","A theory is a set of sentences closed under logical consequence. Theories correspond to classes of models; a theory may be complete, axiomatizable, or finitely axiomatizable, and completeness together with axiomatizability yields decidability. The Łoś–Vaught test derives completeness from categoricity in a cardinal, applied to dense linear orders and to algebraically closed fields.\n",{"path":13895,"title":13896,"module":13888,"summary":13897},"\u002Flogic\u002Fmodels-and-theories\u002Finterpretations-between-theories","Interpretations Between Theories","An interpretation translates the vocabulary of one theory into formulas of another, relativizing quantifiers to a definable domain and mapping symbols to defining formulas. Defined function symbols meet a noncreativity criterion; the syntactic translation of formulas carries theoremhood forward, and a faithful interpretation transfers decidability and undecidability between theories.\n",{"path":13899,"title":13900,"module":13888,"summary":13901},"\u002Flogic\u002Fmodels-and-theories\u002Fnonstandard-analysis","Nonstandard Analysis","Compactness builds a model of the real ordered field containing infinite elements and nonzero infinitesimals. The transfer principle carries every first-order truth from the reals to this extension, the standard-part map collapses finite hyperreals back onto the reals, and continuity and the derivative are rederived by working with infinitely small quantities directly.\n",{"path":13903,"title":13904,"module":13905,"summary":13906},"\u002Flogic\u002Farithmetic-and-definability\u002Fdefinability-in-arithmetic","The Structure of Arithmetic and Definability","Number Theory and Definability","Number theory is the theory of one fixed structure, the natural numbers under successor, order, addition, multiplication, and exponentiation. Every number is named by a numeral, and a relation is definable when a single formula picks out exactly its tuples. The central gap separates the sentences true in that structure from those any reasonable set of axioms can prove.\n",{"path":13908,"title":13909,"module":13905,"summary":13910},"\u002Flogic\u002Farithmetic-and-definability\u002Fnatural-numbers-with-successor","Natural Numbers with Successor","The weakest reduct keeps only zero and successor. Its models are a standard chain together with disjoint copies of the integers, which makes the theory categorical in every uncountable power, hence complete and decidable. A quantifier-elimination procedure gives a practical decision method and shows a subset is definable if and only if it is finite or cofinite.\n",{"path":13912,"title":13913,"module":13905,"summary":13914},"\u002Flogic\u002Farithmetic-and-definability\u002Fpresburger-and-reducts","Reducts: Order, Addition, and Multiplication","Adding order to the successor reduct keeps decidability and makes the theory finitely axiomatizable; adding addition gives Presburger arithmetic, still decidable by quantifier elimination once congruence predicates are included, with definable sets exactly the eventually periodic ones. Multiplication is the break point: neither addition nor order can define it, and once it joins addition the theory stops being decidable.\n",{"path":13916,"title":13917,"module":13905,"summary":13918},"\u002Flogic\u002Farithmetic-and-definability\u002Fa-subtheory-and-representability","A Subtheory of Number Theory and Representability","A finite set of eleven axioms, the recursion equations for successor, order, addition, multiplication, and exponentiation, already proves every true quantifier-free and existential sentence. Representability asks a theory to prove the right instances of a formula rather than merely make them true, and a relation is defined to be recursive exactly when some consistent finite theory represents it. Church's thesis identifies that with decidability, and closure under composition, minimization, and primitive recursion builds the catalog the incompleteness proofs need.\n",{"path":13920,"title":13921,"module":13922,"summary":13923},"\u002Flogic\u002Fincompleteness\u002Farithmetization-of-syntax","Arithmetization of Syntax","Arithmetization and the Incompleteness Theorems","Gödel numbering assigns a natural number to every symbol, expression, formula, and deduction, turning statements about syntax into statements about numbers. The syntactic operations — substitution, \"is a wff\", \"is an axiom\", \"d codes a deduction of a\" — come out primitive recursive and hence representable in the subtheory, which lets a formula of arithmetic talk about formulas, including itself.\n",{"path":13925,"title":13926,"module":13922,"summary":13927},"\u002Flogic\u002Fincompleteness\u002Fincompleteness-and-undecidability","Incompleteness, Undecidability, and Church's Theorem","The fixed-point lemma manufactures a sentence that talks about its own Gödel number. Pointed at truth it gives Tarski's theorem — arithmetic truth is not arithmetically definable; pointed at provability it gives Gödel's first incompleteness theorem and the undecidability of the theory of the natural numbers, and, applied to validity, Church's theorem that first-order logic is undecidable. The set of theorems of a recursive theory is only recursively enumerable — the gap between provable and true.\n",{"path":13929,"title":13930,"module":13922,"summary":13931},"\u002Flogic\u002Fincompleteness\u002Fsecond-incompleteness-theorem","The Second Incompleteness Theorem","Consistency of a recursively axiomatized theory is itself an arithmetic sentence, built from a provability predicate. When the theory is strong enough to formalize its own reflection and modus ponens — the Hilbert–Bernays–Löb derivability conditions — it cannot prove that sentence unless it is inconsistent. Löb's theorem is the companion result, and set theory is the case that closes Hilbert's program.\n",{"path":13933,"title":13934,"module":13935,"summary":13936},"\u002Flogic\u002Fcomputability-and-representability\u002Frecursive-functions","Recursive Functions and Church's Thesis","Recursive Functions and Representability","The recursive functions are the formal counterpart of the effectively computable ones: built from three initial functions by composition, primitive recursion, and minimization, and equivalently the functions representable in a finitely axiomatized arithmetic. Church's thesis identifies the class with effective calculability; Kleene's normal form theorem and the unsolvable halting problem place the recursive sets strictly inside the recursively enumerable ones.\n",{"path":13938,"title":13939,"module":13935,"summary":13940},"\u002Flogic\u002Fcomputability-and-representability\u002Frepresenting-exponentiation","Representing Exponentiation and the β-Function","Coding finite sequences by prime-power exponents already assumes exponentiation, so representing exponentiation from addition and multiplication alone needs a different encoder. Gödel's β-function, built from a pairing function and the Chinese remainder theorem, reads back arbitrary finite sequences using only plus and times. This represents exponentiation in the addition-multiplication arithmetic and closes the last gap in the representability of every recursive syntactic operation.\n",{"path":13942,"title":13943,"module":13944,"summary":13945},"\u002Flogic\u002Fsecond-order-logic\u002Fsecond-order-languages","Second-Order Languages","Second-Order Logic and Beyond","Second-order logic quantifies over relations and functions, not just individuals. Second-order Peano arithmetic and the second-order theory of the reals become categorical, and finiteness is definable by a single sentence. Compactness, completeness, and the Löwenheim–Skolem theorems all fail for the standard semantics.\n",{"path":13947,"title":13948,"module":13944,"summary":13949},"\u002Flogic\u002Fsecond-order-logic\u002Fskolem-functions-and-many-sorted-logic","Skolem Functions and Many-Sorted Logic","Skolem functions replace existential quantifiers with named witnesses, putting any first-order formula into a prenex form with all existentials — now over functions — pulled to the front. The Skolemized formula is equisatisfiable with the original, which reduces satisfiability to universal sentences and, through Herbrand expansions, to sentential logic. Many-sorted logic then adds several universes at once and reduces cleanly to ordinary one-sorted logic.\n",{"path":13951,"title":13952,"module":13944,"summary":13953},"\u002Flogic\u002Fsecond-order-logic\u002Fgeneral-structures","General (Henkin) Structures","General semantics reinterprets second-order logic by letting the predicate and function quantifiers range over a designated collection of relations and functions rather than all of them. Recast as many-sorted first-order logic with comprehension axioms, general second-order logic recovers a sound and complete calculus together with compactness and Löwenheim–Skolem, giving up the categoricity of the standard semantics. The ω-models of analysis show the trade.\n",{"path":13955,"title":13956,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Flogic","Logic",{"path":13958,"title":13959,"module":10583,"summary":13960},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Fwhat-is-reinforcement-learning","What Is Reinforcement Learning?","Reinforcement learning is learning what to do — how to map situations to actions — so as to maximize a numerical reward signal, discovered by trial and error rather than told. We set up the agent–environment loop, separate it from supervised and unsupervised learning, name the four elements (policy, reward, value, and an optional model), and train a tic-tac-toe player with a temporal-difference value update.\n",{"path":13962,"title":13963,"module":10583,"summary":13964},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Fa-brief-history-of-rl","A Brief History of Reinforcement Learning","The origins of reinforcement learning. Three threads — trial-and-error learning from animal psychology, optimal control and dynamic programming, and temporal-difference learning — ran independently for decades and merged around 1989 into the modern field. Replacing the lookup table with a neural network then produced deep reinforcement learning: DQN, AlphaGo, AlphaZero, MuZero, and RLHF.\n",{"path":13966,"title":13967,"module":10583,"summary":13968},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Fmulti-armed-bandits","Multi-Armed Bandits","A bandit is reinforcement learning stripped to a single decision, repeated: no state, no consequences, only the tension between exploiting the arm that looks best and exploring the ones that might be better. We build up the whole toolkit — sample-average value estimates, the incremental update rule, ε-greedy, optimistic initialization, UCB, and gradient bandits — and use it to study exploration in isolation, the one problem that carries over to the full setting.\n",{"path":13970,"title":13971,"module":10583,"summary":13972},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Fbandit-exploration-algorithms","Bandit Exploration Algorithms","Better ways to explore than picking at random. Upper-confidence-bound selection explores by optimism about what it hasn't measured; gradient bandits learn action preferences by stochastic gradient ascent on reward. We then add context to get the contextual bandit, the bridge to full RL, and measure everything by regret — where UCB1 and Thompson sampling reach the logarithmic optimum that fixed-ε greedy cannot.\n",{"path":13974,"title":13975,"module":10583,"summary":13976},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Fmarkov-decision-processes","Markov Decision Processes","A Markov decision process is the formal interface between an agent and its environment: at each step the agent reads a state, chooses an action, and receives a reward and a next state. We fix that loop, the dynamics function that governs it, and the Markov property that makes the state sufficient; then turn goals into a scalar reward and rewards into a discounted return, with one notation that covers both episodic and continuing tasks.\n",{"path":13978,"title":13979,"module":10583,"summary":13980},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ffoundations\u002Fvalue-functions-and-optimality","Value Functions and Optimality","A value function scores how good a state (or state–action pair) is under a policy: the expected return from there onward. Its defining property is the Bellman equation, a self-consistency condition linking a state's value to its successors' values, which we derive from the return and the dynamics. Pushing the same idea to the best-achievable value gives the Bellman optimality equations, whose solution yields an optimal policy — and whose intractability is what the rest of the course is about.\n",{"path":13982,"title":10802,"module":13983,"summary":13984},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fdynamic-programming","Tabular Solution Methods","Dynamic programming computes optimal policies when a perfect model of the MDP is given, by turning the Bellman equations into assignment statements. We build up iterative policy evaluation (the expected update), the policy improvement theorem, and the two classic algorithms that alternate them — policy iteration and value iteration — worked on the gridworld, a two-state MDP, Jack's car rental, and the gambler's problem.\n",{"path":13986,"title":13987,"module":13983,"summary":13988},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fdp-async-and-gpi","Dynamic Programming: Asynchronous DP and Generalized Policy Iteration","Policy and value iteration both sweep the entire state set on every pass, which is impossible once the state space is huge. This lesson loosens the schedule: asynchronous DP updates states in any order, generalized policy iteration names the alternation of evaluation and improvement that underlies nearly every RL method, and a look at efficiency and the curse of dimensionality places DP among the alternatives. We close past Sutton & Barto with prioritized sweeping, neuro-dynamic programming, value-iteration networks, and MuZero.\n",{"path":13990,"title":13991,"module":13983,"summary":13992},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fmonte-carlo-methods","Monte Carlo Methods","Monte Carlo methods learn value functions and optimal policies from complete sampled episodes, with no model of the environment: they simply average the returns that actually followed each state. We build prediction (first-visit and every-visit averaging), see why estimating action values forces the exploration question, and answer it two ways on-policy — exploring starts and epsilon-soft control. Throughout, Monte Carlo samples one whole trajectory to termination and never bootstraps.\n",{"path":13994,"title":13995,"module":13983,"summary":13996},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fmonte-carlo-off-policy","Monte Carlo Methods: Off-Policy Learning","On-policy Monte Carlo can only reach the best exploring policy, not the true optimum. Off-policy methods remove that ceiling by learning about a greedy target policy from data generated by a soft behavior policy, corrected with importance sampling. We derive the importance-sampling ratio, weigh ordinary against weighted estimators on real numbers, give the incremental off-policy algorithm, sharpen it with discounting-aware sampling, and close by placing Monte Carlo on the model\u002Fbootstrap map beside DP and temporal-difference learning.\n",{"path":13998,"title":13999,"module":13983,"summary":14000},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Ftemporal-difference-learning","Temporal-Difference Learning","Temporal-difference learning is the one idea most central to reinforcement learning: learn a value directly from experience, like Monte Carlo, but update each guess toward the next guess before the episode ends, like dynamic programming. We derive the TD(0) prediction rule and its reward-prediction error, contrast its one-step backup with MC and DP, work the driving-home and random-walk examples, and show the batch-updating optimality that makes TD approximate the certainty-equivalence estimate.\n",{"path":14002,"title":14003,"module":13983,"summary":14004},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Ftd-control-sarsa-and-q-learning","TD Control: Sarsa, Q-learning, and Double Learning","With TD prediction in hand, control follows the generalized-policy-iteration pattern with TD as the evaluation step. We build Sarsa (on-policy), Q-learning (off-policy, targeting the optimal policy), and Expected Sarsa that spans the two, then confront the maximization bias every max-based method inherits and fix it with Double Q-learning. We close past Sutton & Barto, following each one-step tabular update into its deep-RL descendant — DQN, Double DQN, and Rainbow.\n",{"path":14006,"title":14007,"module":13983,"summary":14008},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fn-step-bootstrapping","n-Step Bootstrapping","Monte Carlo waits for the full return; one-step TD bootstraps after a single reward. Between them lies a whole spectrum, indexed by one integer n: look ahead n real rewards, then bootstrap from the value n steps out. The n-step return unifies the previous two lessons, and — on the random walk — an intermediate n beats both extremes. We build the n-step return, the n-step TD update, the backup-diagram spectrum, and n-step Sarsa for control.\n",{"path":14010,"title":14011,"module":13983,"summary":14012},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fn-step-off-policy-methods","n-Step Bootstrapping: Off-Policy Methods","Taking the n-step family off-policy raises the same importance-sampling questions Monte Carlo did, now over a window of exactly n actions. We reweight n-step returns by the policy ratio, watch the ratio product inflate variance on real numbers, then build the tree-backup algorithm that learns off-policy with no ratios at all — and finally n-step Q(sigma), one algorithm whose per-step switch recovers Sarsa, tree backup, and Expected Sarsa as special cases.\n",{"path":14014,"title":14015,"module":13983,"summary":14016},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fplanning-and-learning","Planning and Learning","Planning and learning are the same operation run on two kinds of experience. A model turns states and actions into simulated transitions; planning backs up values over that simulated experience exactly as learning backs them up over real experience. We build the Dyna architecture that interleaves acting, model-learning, direct RL, and planning in one loop, trace a single Dyna-Q step by hand, and patch the architecture for when the model goes stale.\n",{"path":14018,"title":14019,"module":13983,"summary":14020},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fplanning-focusing-and-decision-time","Planning: Focusing Updates and Decision-Time Search","Dyna plans by replaying remembered transitions, but sampling them uniformly wastes most of the effort. This lesson sharpens planning: prioritized sweeping works backward from states whose value just changed, expected versus sample updates weigh thoroughness against cost, and trajectory sampling and real-time DP focus updates on the states the policy actually visits. We trace Dyna forward to model-based deep RL, then turn to decision-time planning — heuristic search, rollouts, and Monte Carlo Tree Search.\n",{"path":14022,"title":14023,"module":13983,"summary":14024},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fdecision-time-planning","Decision-Time Planning","Planning need not build a global policy. Decision-time planning runs a fresh lookahead every time a state arrives and returns just one action, then throws the work away. We start from real-time dynamic programming — asynchronous value iteration on the states the agent actually visits — then move through heuristic search and rollout algorithms, each a one-step policy improvement applied on the fly to the current state.\n",{"path":14026,"title":14027,"module":13983,"summary":14028},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Ftabular-methods\u002Fmonte-carlo-tree-search","Monte Carlo Tree Search","Monte Carlo Tree Search is a rollout algorithm with memory: it accumulates value estimates across simulations and steers later ones toward promising branches. We work through the four steps — selection, expansion, simulation, backup — the UCT selection rule computed on real numbers, the asymmetric growing tree, and the full pseudocode. We close past Sutton & Barto with the lineage from UCT to AlphaGo, AlphaZero, and MuZero, where a learned network stands in for the leaf value and the rollout.\n",{"path":14030,"title":14031,"module":14032,"summary":14033},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Fon-policy-prediction","On-Policy Prediction with Approximation","Approximate Solution Methods","Every tabular method so far stored one number per state, which fails once the state space is large or continuous. We replace the table with a parameterized value function $\\hat v(s,\\mathbf{w})$, define the mean squared value error it should minimize under the on-policy distribution, and derive stochastic- and semi-gradient learning rules — the semi-gradient TD(0) update that bootstraps and so is not a true gradient. Linear methods make the analysis clean and give the TD fixed point; feature construction (polynomials, Fourier basis, coarse and tile coding, RBFs) supplies the vectors $\\mathbf{x}(s)$, and neural networks are the nonlinear bridge to deep RL.\n",{"path":14035,"title":14036,"module":14032,"summary":14037},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Ffeature-construction-and-nonlinear","Feature Construction and Nonlinear Approximation","Linear methods are only as good as the feature vectors $\\mathbf{x}(s)$ fed to them, and this lesson builds those vectors. Polynomials and the Fourier basis turn a state's coordinates into smooth global features; coarse coding, tile coding, and radial basis functions cover a continuous space with overlapping local receptive fields whose size sets the reach of generalization. Then we stop designing features by hand: a neural network learns the representation itself by gradient descent, trading the convergence guarantees of the linear case for expressiveness — the bridge to deep reinforcement learning.\n",{"path":14039,"title":14040,"module":14032,"summary":14041},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Fon-policy-control","On-Policy Control with Approximation","Prediction learned a value function from features; control learns to act. We carry semi-gradient methods over to action values $\\hat q(s,a,\\mathbf{w})$, giving episodic semi-gradient Sarsa and its n-step form, and solve Mountain Car by descending a cost-to-go surface. In the continuing case, function approximation makes discounting unable to affect which policy is best, so we replace it with the average-reward setting — the differential return, differential value functions, and differential semi-gradient Sarsa.\n",{"path":14043,"title":14044,"module":14032,"summary":14045},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Faverage-reward-control","Average-Reward Control for Continuing Tasks","With function approximation, discounting has no effect on a continuing task: averaged over the on-policy distribution, the discounted objective equals the average reward times a policy-independent constant, so $\\gamma$ cannot change which policy is best. This lesson replaces discounting with the average-reward setting — the long-run reward rate $r(\\pi)$, the differential return that measures each state's transient advantage over that rate, differential value functions and TD error, and differential semi-gradient Sarsa, the control method for continuing tasks that never invokes a discount factor.\n",{"path":14047,"title":14048,"module":14032,"summary":14049},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Foff-policy-and-the-deadly-triad","Off-Policy Methods and the Deadly Triad","Off-policy learning with function approximation is where the convergence guarantees of reinforcement learning fail. We extend the tabular off-policy updates to semi-gradient form with per-step importance sampling, show Baird's counterexample driving the weights to infinity, and identify the cause: the deadly triad of function approximation, bootstrapping, and off-policy training — any two are safe, all three can diverge. The divergence is not caused by sampling noise: a fully synchronous dynamic-programming update blows up just the same, which is what makes the triad a structural hazard rather than a fluke.\n",{"path":14051,"title":14052,"module":14032,"summary":14053},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Fbellman-error-and-gradient-td","Value-Function Geometry and Gradient-TD Methods","Why does the deadly triad diverge, and how do you stop it? This lesson develops the geometry that explains the failure: value functions as vectors, the projection operator onto the representable subspace, and the split between the Bellman error, the value error, and the projected Bellman error: the three objectives have different minimizers. The projected Bellman error is the learnable one, and Gradient-TD methods (GTD2, TDC) do true stochastic gradient descent on it, staying stable even off-policy at $O(d)$ cost. Emphatic TD reweights states instead, and a survey of variance-reduction techniques closes the gap between stability and usable learning.\n",{"path":14055,"title":14056,"module":14032,"summary":14057},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Feligibility-traces","Eligibility Traces","n-step methods unify TD and Monte Carlo by storing the last n feature vectors; eligibility traces do the same job with a single short-term memory vector. The λ-return averages every n-step return under a geometric weighting; the forward view looks ahead to that average, and the backward view produces nearly the same updates online through a decaying trace vector. We build the λ-return, TD(λ) with its trace, the two ways λ recovers TD(0) and Monte Carlo, a note on the exact equivalence of true online TD(λ), and Sarsa(λ) for control.\n",{"path":14059,"title":14060,"module":14032,"summary":14061},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Ftrue-online-and-sarsa-lambda","True Online TD(λ) and Sarsa(λ)","Plain TD(λ) makes the forward and backward views nearly agree; this lesson closes the gap. True online TD(λ) uses a dutch trace and a small correction term to produce exactly the same weight sequence as the online λ-return algorithm, at the same memory and only a constant factor more compute — the sharpest statement of the forward\u002Fbackward duality. The whole apparatus then lifts to control unchanged: Sarsa(λ) threads a single delayed reward back along an entire trajectory in one sweep, and the λ-weighting reappears in modern deep RL as generalized advantage estimation.\n",{"path":14063,"title":14064,"module":14032,"summary":14065},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Fpolicy-gradient-methods","Policy Gradient Methods","Every method so far learned values and read a policy off them. Policy gradient methods drop the intermediary: parameterize the policy directly and climb the performance gradient. We build the softmax-in-preferences parameterization, prove the policy gradient theorem that makes the gradient computable without the unknown state distribution, and derive REINFORCE and its variance-cutting state-value baseline — the launch point for the bootstrapping actor-critic that follows.\n",{"path":14067,"title":14068,"module":14032,"summary":14069},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Factor-critic-and-continuous-actions","Actor-Critic Methods and Continuous Actions","REINFORCE with a baseline learns a value function but never bootstraps; this lesson adds the bootstrapping critic that completes the actor-critic architecture. The critic scores each transition into a single TD error that steers both the actor's policy step and its own value step, trading a little bias for much lower variance and fully online, continuing-task learning. The policy gradient theorem carries over unchanged to the average-reward setting, a Gaussian policy handles real-valued actions with self-tuning exploration, and the natural policy gradient leads straight to TRPO, PPO, and the deep actor-critic methods that train today's agents.\n",{"path":14071,"title":14072,"module":14032,"summary":14073},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Fleast-squares-and-memory-based-methods","Least-Squares TD","Semi-gradient TD spends one cheap step per example and needs many examples; this lesson makes the opposite tradeoff. Least-Squares TD (LSTD) accumulates the matrices $\\mathbf{A}$ and $\\mathbf{b}$ and solves the TD fixed point $\\mathbf{w} = \\mathbf{A}^{-1}\\mathbf{b}$ directly, using the Sherman-Morrison identity to maintain the inverse in $O(d^2)$ — the most data-efficient linear TD method, at a quadratic cost. We work a solve by hand, weigh the quadratic cost against semi-gradient TD's cheap steps, and note that LSTD never forgets — a problem in control, where least-squares policy iteration is the natural extension.\n",{"path":14075,"title":14076,"module":14032,"summary":14077},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Fmemory-and-kernel-methods","Memory-Based and Kernel Methods","Least-squares TD spent more compute to extract more from each example; this lesson drops the parametric form entirely. Memory-based methods store training examples untouched and answer a query locally at retrieval time — nearest neighbor, weighted average, locally weighted regression — so accuracy grows with the data and effort concentrates where the agent actually goes. Kernel-based methods weight stored examples by a similarity kernel $k(s,s')$, and every linear method turns out to be a kernel method. Interest and emphasis, finally, make the on-policy weighting itself a design choice, aiming scarce approximation capacity at the states that matter.\n",{"path":14079,"title":14080,"module":14032,"summary":14081},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Foff-policy-eligibility-traces","Off-Policy Eligibility Traces","Eligibility traces meet off-policy learning and function approximation — the corner where stability gets hard. We first let the bootstrapping and discounting parameters vary with state, so a single generalized return covers episodic and continuing tasks and folds termination into the discount. Then we fold the per-decision importance ratio into the trace with a control-variate correction, and build Watkins's Q(λ) and its importance-sampling-free successor Tree-Backup(λ) — all correct in expectation, but still semi-gradient, so the deadly triad and its fixes wait for the next lesson.\n",{"path":14083,"title":14084,"module":14032,"summary":14085},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fapproximation\u002Fstable-off-policy-traces","Stable Off-Policy Methods with Traces","Off-policy traces get the expected target right, but with $\\lambda \u003C 1$ they bootstrap, so off-policy plus bootstrapping plus function approximation is the deadly triad and the weights can diverge. This lesson carries the two one-step fixes to traces: GTD(λ) and GQ(λ) add a second weight vector and a gradient correction for true gradient descent on the projected Bellman error, while Emphatic TD(λ) reweights updates through a followon trace and interest to recover the on-policy stability. It closes with the implementation reality that traces are cheap because they are sparse, and with Retrace and V-trace — the clipped-ratio descendants that make off-policy traces work at deep-RL scale.\n",{"path":14087,"title":13405,"module":14088,"summary":14089},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-rl\u002Fdeep-q-networks","Deep Reinforcement Learning","Deep Q-networks replace the linear value function with a neural network $Q(s,a;\\mathbf{w})$ and confront the fact that a nonlinear approximator, off-policy bootstrapping, and correlated online data — the deadly triad — make naive Q-learning diverge. DQN counters this empirically with two stabilizers: an experience replay buffer that decorrelates and reuses samples, and a periodically-frozen target network that fixes the bootstrap target. We derive the DQN loss and gradient, walk through the Atari convolutional architecture and its results, and then add the three refinements that define modern value-based deep RL — Double DQN, dueling networks, and prioritized experience replay.\n",{"path":14091,"title":14092,"module":14088,"summary":14093},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-rl\u002Fdqn-improvements","DQN Improvements: Double, Dueling, and Prioritized Replay","Three refinements that turn plain DQN into the standard modern value-based agent, each touching a different part of the system. Double DQN fixes the maximization bias in the target by splitting action selection from evaluation; dueling networks restructure the network around a state value and per-action advantages; prioritized replay changes which transitions are learned from. We close with Rainbow, which combines them, and the distributional view that predicts the whole return distribution rather than its mean.\n",{"path":14095,"title":14096,"module":14088,"summary":14097},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-rl\u002Factor-critic-and-ppo","Actor–Critic and GAE","Make the actor and the critic deep networks and the policy-gradient architecture becomes modern deep RL. We build the neural actor-critic, the advantage estimate that replaces the raw return, and Generalized Advantage Estimation as a λ-blend of n-step advantages, then the parallel-worker methods A3C and A2C that decorrelate on-policy data. The step-size constraints — trust regions, PPO, and the continuous-control family — follow in the next lesson.\n",{"path":14099,"title":14100,"module":14088,"summary":14101},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-rl\u002Fppo-and-continuous-control","PPO and Continuous Control","Keeping the policy-gradient step from destroying the policy, and the algorithms that result. Trust-region optimization bounds each update by a KL constraint; PPO keeps that goal but replaces the second-order machinery with a first-order clip on the probability ratio, which is why it is the modern default and the optimizer inside RLHF. We then tour the off-policy continuous-control family — DDPG, TD3, and SAC — and where actor-critic went at scale, from OpenAI Five to language-model alignment.\n",{"path":14103,"title":14104,"module":14088,"summary":14105},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-rl\u002Fcase-studies","Case Studies: Learning to Play","The game-playing systems that turned reinforcement learning from a theory into a track record: Samuel's checkers player, TD-Gammon, Watson's Daily-Double wagering, a reinforcement-learning memory controller, DQN, and AlphaGo through AlphaGo Zero. Read as a set they draw one line — a value function, learned by self-play or interaction, refined by search, carried by a deep network — that runs from a 1959 checkers program to superhuman Go.\n",{"path":14107,"title":14108,"module":14088,"summary":14109},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-rl\u002Frl-beyond-games","Reinforcement Learning Beyond Games","The same value-and-reward machinery, pointed at problems with no opponent. Web personalization as a contextual bandit and then a full MDP for life-time value; thermal soaring, where a glider learns to climb on turbulent air and reward design does most of the work; and the industrial-scale systems that carried the same design past Sutton & Barto — AlphaStar, OpenAI Five, GT Sophy, and RLHF, where the reward itself is learned from human preference.\n",{"path":14111,"title":14112,"module":14088,"summary":14113},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-rl\u002Ffrontiers","Frontiers: Beyond the Standard MDP","The standard MDP fixes three things — state, reward, and single-step actions — and this lesson loosens two of them. We generalize the value function into a general value function that predicts any signal, and use those predictions as auxiliary tasks that shape representations; we extend actions in time with the options framework; and we treat state as a construction the agent builds from a stream of observations. Reward design and the open problems follow in the next lesson.\n",{"path":14115,"title":14116,"module":14088,"summary":14117},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fdeep-rl\u002Freward-design-and-open-problems","Reward Design and Open Problems","How to design a reward signal that encodes the intended goal — sparse reward, shaping, and reward hacking — and the problems the whole tabular, approximate, and deep arc leaves unsolved. We close with how the frontiers were pushed after Sutton & Barto: auxiliary tasks, learned options, intrinsic-motivation bonuses, learned world models, and offline RL, then the two concerns of reward hacking and safety that any real-world agent must address.\n",{"path":14119,"title":14120,"module":14121,"summary":14122},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fdistributional-and-rainbow","Sharpening DQN: Improvements and the Distributional Idea","Modern Deep Reinforcement Learning","In the years after the 2015 DQN paper, a stream of focused improvements each fixed one weakness of the baseline without disturbing its frame. This lesson recaps five that keep the scalar $Q$-value — Double DQN, multi-step returns, dueling networks, prioritized replay, and NoisyNets, each changing a different slot of the same Q-learning loop — then develops the sixth, distributional RL, which changes the objective itself: learn the whole return distribution $Z(s,a)$. We build the distributional Bellman equation and the C51 categorical algorithm, projection step and all, worked end to end on real numbers. A companion lesson takes up QR-DQN, Rainbow, and the modern distributional line.\n",{"path":14124,"title":14125,"module":14121,"summary":14126},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fdistributional-and-rainbow-part-2","Distributional RL and Rainbow","A companion to the DQN improvements lesson. C51 fixed the return atoms and learned their probabilities; QR-DQN does the reverse — fix the probabilities, learn the values — which removes the projection and trains with a quantile loss. We cover why the distribution helps even when you act on the mean, then assemble Rainbow: all six improvements in one Q-learning loop, with the component ablation that shows each one's real weight. The distributional line then runs on through IQN, FQF, and Agent57, the first agent to beat the human baseline on all 57 Atari games.\n",{"path":14128,"title":14129,"module":14121,"summary":14130},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fcontinuous-control","Continuous Control: DDPG and TD3","When actions are real-valued, the $\\arg\\max_a Q(s,a)$ in Q-learning becomes an optimization problem on every step. This lesson builds the off-policy actor-critic family that sidesteps it: the deterministic policy gradient and DDPG, which replaces the max with a learned actor, and the three fixes of TD3 that counter the value overestimation DDPG inherits. A companion lesson takes up SAC's maximum-entropy objective and the methods built on this template.\n",{"path":14132,"title":14133,"module":14121,"summary":14134},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fcontinuous-control-part-2","Continuous Control: SAC and Beyond","A companion to the DDPG and TD3 lesson. Where those actors are deterministic and explore with bolted-on noise, soft actor-critic (SAC) changes the objective itself: maximize return plus the entropy of the policy, so exploration becomes intrinsic and the agent stays robust. We develop the maximum-entropy objective, the reparameterized squashed-Gaussian actor, and automatic temperature tuning, then survey the methods built on this off-policy template — distributional critics (D4PG), critic ensembles (REDQ), and control from pixels (DrQ, RAD).\n",{"path":14136,"title":14137,"module":14121,"summary":14138},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fmodel-based-rl","Model-Based Deep RL: Sample Efficiency and PETS","A model turns experience into imagined planning. This lesson makes the sample-efficiency case for learning a dynamics model, works through why a learned model's errors compound over the planning horizon, and builds the most direct model-based method: PETS plans online with a probabilistic ensemble under model-predictive control, distrusting the model exactly where its members disagree. A companion lesson takes up latent world models (Dreamer) and MuZero.\n",{"path":14140,"title":14141,"module":14121,"summary":14142},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fmodel-based-rl-part-2","Model-Based Deep RL: World Models, Dreamer, and MuZero","A companion to the PETS lesson. PETS plans in the environment's native state space; these methods change what the model represents. World Models and Dreamer learn a compact latent state and do almost all their learning by imagining inside it, with value gradients flowing through the differentiable dynamics. MuZero predicts neither states nor pixels — only the reward, value, and policy that MCTS reads — and plans with search against that learned model, AlphaZero without the rules. We close with MBPO, TD-MPC, and EfficientZero.\n",{"path":14144,"title":14145,"module":14121,"summary":14146},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fexploration","Exploration in Deep RL: Novelty as Reward","When the state space is enormous and reward is rare, ε-greedy amounts to a random walk that almost never reaches the first reward. This lesson scales the bandit's exploration ideas up to deep RL through the dominant approach — manufacture a reward for novelty and let the agent chase it: optimism and pseudo-counts from density models, and intrinsic motivation and curiosity (the Intrinsic Curiosity Module and Random Network Distillation). A companion lesson takes up posterior sampling, Go-Explore, and the modern methods.\n",{"path":14148,"title":14149,"module":14121,"summary":14150},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fexploration-part-2","Exploration in Deep RL: Posterior Sampling and Go-Explore","A companion to the novelty-as-reward lesson. Pseudo-counts and curiosity reward the unfamiliar after the agent stumbles into it; this lesson covers two ideas that go further. Bootstrapped DQN keeps an ensemble that approximates a posterior over value functions and explores by committing to one sampled hypothesis per episode — the deep, directed exploration ε-greedy cannot manage. Go-Explore remembers and returns to the frontier, defeating detachment and derailment to solve Montezuma's Revenge. We close with episodic memory (Never Give Up), Agent57, and model-based exploration.\n",{"path":14152,"title":14153,"module":14121,"summary":14154},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Foffline-rl","Offline RL: The Problem and Value-Based Fixes","Offline reinforcement learning learns a policy from a fixed logged dataset with no further environment interaction — off-policy learning pushed to the extreme, and it breaks for the extreme version of the same reason. Bootstrapping queries the value function at out-of-distribution actions the data never covers, those errors are optimistic, and with no online feedback to correct them they compound through the Bellman backup. This lesson sets up the failure and off-policy evaluation, then builds the first two families of pessimistic fixes: policy constraint (BCQ) and conservative value estimation (CQL). A companion lesson takes up implicit methods, model-based offline RL, and Decision Transformer.\n",{"path":14156,"title":14157,"module":14121,"summary":14158},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Foffline-rl-part-2","Offline RL: Implicit Methods, Sequence Models, and Beyond","A companion to the offline-RL problem lesson. Policy constraint and conservative value estimation both still query a learned value function; implicit methods (IQL) avoid querying it off the data at all, using an in-sample expectile backup. We then build pessimism into a learned model (MOPO, COMBO) and drop bootstrapping entirely with Decision Transformer's return-conditioned sequence modeling, closing with offline-to-online fine-tuning, diffusion planners, and the offline view of RLHF. The one rule throughout: without online correction, be pessimistic about what you cannot verify.\n",{"path":14160,"title":14161,"module":14121,"summary":14162},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fimitation-and-inverse-rl","Imitation Learning: Cloning, DAgger, and Inverse RL","When a reward is hard to specify but an expert is easy to watch, learn from demonstrations instead. Behavioral cloning treats control as supervised learning of the expert's state-to-action map, and fails through compounding error: small mistakes carry the agent off the expert's distribution, where it was never trained. DAgger fixes the mismatch by querying the expert on the learner's own states. Inverse RL instead recovers the reward the expert seems to optimize — an ill-posed problem that maximum-entropy IRL disambiguates. A companion lesson casts imitation as adversarial occupancy matching (GAIL, AIRL).\n",{"path":14164,"title":14165,"module":14121,"summary":14166},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fimitation-and-inverse-rl-part-2","Imitation as Adversarial Matching: GAIL and AIRL","A companion to the imitation-learning lesson. If the point of recovering a reward is only to re-run RL and match the expert, you can skip the reward and match the behavior directly. GAIL casts imitation as a GAN — a discriminator separating expert from learner state-action pairs supplies the reward a policy-gradient method optimizes — matching occupancy measures without ever naming a reward. AIRL reads a transferable reward back out of the discriminator. We compare all four methods and close with reward models in RLHF, scaled cloning, and diffusion policies.\n",{"path":14168,"title":14169,"module":14121,"summary":14170},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fmulti-agent-rl","Multi-Agent RL: Markov Games and Centralized Training","With more than one learning agent in an environment, each agent's world becomes non-stationary because the others are changing too. This lesson builds the Markov-game generalization of the MDP, diagnoses non-stationarity as the central obstacle, shows why the naive baselines fail, and develops the dominant fix — centralized training with decentralized execution (MADDPG, VDN, QMIX). A companion lesson takes up self-play, the landmark game-playing systems, and the equilibrium concepts that define what \"solved\" means.\n",{"path":14172,"title":14173,"module":14121,"summary":14174},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fmulti-agent-rl-part-2","Multi-Agent RL: Self-Play and Solution Concepts","A companion to the Markov-games lesson. In the purely competitive setting, an agent can generate its own training curriculum by playing against copies of itself — self-play, the method behind AlphaGo, OpenAI Five, and AlphaStar. We develop why self-play produces an ever-improving opponent, the systems it built, and then the equilibrium solution concepts (Nash, correlated, coarse-correlated) that define what \"solved\" means once there is an opponent, closing with PSRO, MAPPO, and the language-model-agent frontier.\n",{"path":14176,"title":14177,"module":14121,"summary":14178},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fhierarchical-rl","Hierarchical RL: Options and the Option-Critic","Flat RL cannot explore a long horizon: reaching reward through hundreds of primitive actions is exponentially unlikely, and every credit-assignment update crawls one step at a time. Hierarchy breaks one hard long-horizon problem into many short ones. This lesson develops temporal abstraction — the options framework and its semi-Markov view, and learning options end to end with the option-critic. A companion lesson takes up goal-conditioned manager\u002Fworker hierarchies (FeUdal Networks and HIRO), hindsight relabeling, and unsupervised skill discovery.\n",{"path":14180,"title":14181,"module":14121,"summary":14182},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fhierarchical-rl-part-2","Hierarchical RL: Goal-Conditioned Hierarchies and Skills","A companion to the options lesson. Options package a behavior; goal-conditioned hierarchies instead give the top level an explicit language of goals — a manager proposes a target state or a latent direction, and a worker is rewarded for reaching it (FeUdal Networks, HIRO). We develop that architecture, the hindsight relabeling that lets it learn from sparse reward, and unsupervised skill discovery (DIAYN) that learns a repertoire of behaviors with no reward at all. The shared idea throughout: shorten the horizon by inserting a level that decides less often.\n",{"path":14184,"title":14185,"module":14121,"summary":14186},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Frlhf-and-language-models","RLHF and Language Models","A language model trained to predict the next token is fluent but not helpful, honest, or harmless — the objective it was optimized for is not the objective we want. RLHF closes that gap by turning the one thing humans do reliably, comparing two outputs, into a reward. We build the three-stage pipeline: supervised fine-tuning, a Bradley-Terry reward model fit to preference pairs, then PPO against that reward with a KL penalty keeping it near the reference policy. We then cover reward hacking and why the KL penalty matters, Direct Preference Optimization, which folds the reward model into a single classification loss, and the RLAIF and verifiable-reward variants. This pipeline is what makes the largest models usable as assistants.\n",{"path":14188,"title":14189,"module":14121,"summary":14190},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fpartial-observability-pomdps","Partial Observability: POMDPs and the Belief State","Drop the assumption that the agent sees the state. It sees an observation, a partial and noisy function of a hidden state, and one observation is no longer a Markov signal. This lesson builds the POMDP tuple, shows that the belief state — the posterior over hidden states — is a sufficient statistic that turns a POMDP back into an MDP over beliefs, and works the Bayes-filter belief update step by step. A companion lesson explains why exact planning is intractable and develops the deep-RL answer of recurrent, history-based policies.\n",{"path":14192,"title":14193,"module":14121,"summary":14194},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fpartial-observability-pomdps-part-2","Partial Observability: Planning and Recurrent Policies","A companion to the belief-state lesson. In principle a POMDP reduces to an MDP over beliefs; in practice two obstacles block that. Exact planning over the belief simplex is intractable — the value function is piecewise-linear-and-convex with a number of pieces that can explode — and computing the belief needs a model the agent rarely has. This lesson develops the intractability, the point-based approximations that address it, and the deep-RL answer: make the policy a function of history with a recurrent network (DRQN, R2D2), with frame-stacking, attention, and world-model latents as learned beliefs.\n",{"path":14196,"title":14197,"module":14121,"summary":14198},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fsafe-and-constrained-rl","Safe and Constrained RL: The CMDP and Policy Methods","Maximizing a scalar reward is not the same as behaving well: a capable optimizer will find and exploit any gap between the reward and what its designer actually meant, a failure called specification gaming or reward hacking. The remedy is to add explicit cost constraints — the constrained MDP — maximizing return subject to an expected-cost budget. This lesson builds the core toolkit: the CMDP itself, Lagrangian primal-dual methods that learn a multiplier on the constraint (RCPO), and constrained policy optimization (CPO) with its trust-region cost bound. A companion lesson covers risk-sensitivity, safe exploration, and the alignment framing.\n",{"path":14200,"title":14201,"module":14121,"summary":14202},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fsafe-and-constrained-rl-part-2","Safe RL: Risk, Safe Exploration, and Alignment","A companion to the constrained-MDP lesson. Constraining the mean cost is not enough: a policy safe on average can be catastrophic in the tail, and a policy safe at convergence can violate its limits wildly while learning. This lesson optimizes the tail with risk-sensitive objectives (CVaR), then makes exploration itself safe with shields, Lyapunov methods, and safety layers that project unsafe actions onto the feasible set — closing with benchmarks, safe RLHF, robustness, and the alignment framing that ties safety back to the problem of incompletely specified reward.\n",{"path":14204,"title":14205,"module":14121,"summary":14206},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fmodern-deep-rl\u002Fmeta-rl-and-generalization","Meta-RL and Generalization","An agent that masters one task often fails on the next; it has overfit to a single environment. This lesson treats fast adaptation as a meta-problem over a distribution of tasks: meta-train so that a few episodes at meta-test time suffice. We cover the two families — optimization-based (MAML learns an initialization) and context-based (RL-squared and PEARL infer a latent task) — the exploration cost of adaptation, and the parallel problem of generalization: why deep RL memorizes environments and what fixes it (domain randomization, procedural generation, augmentation, regularization). It closes on foundation models and sequence-model agents as the generalist endpoint.\n",{"path":14208,"title":14209,"module":14210,"summary":14211},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fminds-and-brains\u002Fpsychology-of-reinforcement","The Psychology of Reinforcement","Reinforcement Learning in Minds and Brains","Reinforcement learning is both an engineering method and a theory of how animals learn. The prediction\u002Fcontrol split of the algorithms mirrors the psychologist's split between classical and instrumental conditioning. We trace the correspondence: the Rescorla–Wagner model as a prediction-error rule that explains blocking, its real-time TD extension, Thorndike's Law of Effect behind trial-and-error control, and the habitual\u002Fgoal-directed distinction that maps onto model-free versus model-based learning.\n",{"path":14213,"title":14214,"module":14210,"summary":14215},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fminds-and-brains\u002Finstrumental-conditioning-and-control","The Psychology of Reinforcement: Instrumental Control","Classical conditioning was prediction; instrumental conditioning is control. Thorndike's Law of Effect is trial-and-error control — selection plus association, search plus memory — and Skinner's shaping and schedules are reward engineering. The habitual\u002Fgoal-directed distinction maps onto model-free versus model-based control, dissociated by outcome devaluation and arbitrated by uncertainty. Delayed reinforcement is the credit-assignment problem, and the stimulus traces and secondary reinforcers of animal-learning theory are eligibility traces and value functions.\n",{"path":14217,"title":14218,"module":14210,"summary":14219},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fminds-and-brains\u002Fdopamine-and-td-error","Dopamine and the TD Error","The TD error was invented as an algorithm; a decade later it turned out to closely describe the firing of the brain's dopamine neurons. We follow Schultz's experiments — dopamine fires at an unpredicted reward, shifts to the earliest predictive cue, and dips below baseline when a predicted reward is withheld — and match each result to the TD error term by term. We then read the basal ganglia as a neural actor–critic with dopamine as its shared training signal, and close on addiction as a hijacking of that signal.\n",{"path":14221,"title":14222,"module":14210,"summary":14223},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fminds-and-brains\u002Fdopamine-in-the-brain","Dopamine in the Brain: The Neural Actor–Critic","If phasic dopamine is a TD error, where does it go and what does it change? We follow the axons into the basal ganglia, read the corticostriatal synapse as the place where state, action, and error meet, and map the ventral and dorsal striatum onto the critic and the actor of an actor–critic. Addiction becomes a broken cancellation in the same learning signal, and distributional dopamine extends the scalar RPE into a population code.\n",{"path":14225,"title":14226,"module":14210,"summary":14227},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fminds-and-brains\u002Fanimal-learning-and-cognition","Animal Learning and Cognition","Three classic associative phenomena turn out to be reinforcement-learning mechanisms seen in behavior. Blocking says learning is driven by prediction error, not co-occurrence, and reduces to least-squares regression fitting a collinear feature. Higher-order conditioning and conditioned reinforcement make a value estimate a secondary reinforcer — bootstrapping in an animal. Delayed reinforcement is the credit-assignment problem, and the stimulus traces and goal gradients of Pavlov and Hull are eligibility traces and TD-learned value functions.\n",{"path":14229,"title":14230,"module":14210,"summary":14231},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fminds-and-brains\u002Fcognitive-maps-and-planning","Cognitive Maps and Model-Based Learning","Tolman's rats learned the layout of a maze with no reward, then used it the moment food appeared — latent learning, a cognitive map, and the behavioral face of model-based reinforcement learning. The map is learned by system identification (stimulus–stimulus associations), which fills in whether or not reward is present, and queried by planning, which re-solves a route from a single changed reward. The successor representation sits between cache and model, and hippocampal predictive maps and scaled-up world models carry the same idea into brain and machine.\n",{"path":14233,"title":14234,"module":14210,"summary":14235},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fminds-and-brains\u002Fneuroscience-of-reinforcement","The Neuroscience of Reinforcement","The dopamine story is one contact point between reinforcement learning and the brain; this lesson fills in the surrounding neuroscience so the mapping stands on its own. We build a working primer of neurons, synapses, and neuromodulation; separate four signals that casual usage conflates — reward, reinforcement, value, and prediction error; and read the actor and critic as corticostriatal synapses updated by two- and three-factor rules, grounded in spike-timing-dependent and reward-modulated plasticity.\n",{"path":14237,"title":14238,"module":14210,"summary":14239},"\u002Freinforcement-learning\u002Fminds-and-brains\u002Fseveral-learning-systems","The Brain's Several Learning Systems","The actor's three-factor rule has an ancestor in Klopf's hedonistic neuron — a single cell as a reinforcement-seeking agent — and a bacterium's run-and-twiddle shows the Law of Effect with no synapses at all. Teams of such neurons implement policy gradient collectively, the broadcast reward replacing backpropagation. And the brain is not only model-free: outcome devaluation, prefrontal value coding, and hippocampal forward sweeps localize a model-based system. The recurring conclusion is that the brain is several interacting learning systems, not one algorithm.\n",{"path":14241,"title":13397,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Freinforcement-learning",{"path":14243,"title":14244,"module":10583,"summary":14245},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffoundations\u002Fwhat-is-ai","What Is Artificial Intelligence?","Eight definitions of AI fall into a two-by-two grid: think versus act, and measure success against human performance versus an ideal standard of rationality. We work through all four schools — the Turing test, cognitive modelling, the laws of thought, and the rational agent — and adopt the last as the frame for the whole course: AI is the study and design of rational agents.\n",{"path":14247,"title":14248,"module":10583,"summary":14249},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffoundations\u002Ffoundations-of-ai","The Foundations of AI","Where the rational-agent idea came from and what surrounds it. AI inherited its core tools from eight older disciplines — philosophy, mathematics, economics, neuroscience, psychology, computer engineering, control theory, and linguistics. Its history runs in cycles of boom and winter, from the 1956 Dartmouth workshop through expert systems to the statistical turn. And the deep-learning era — AlexNet, the Transformer, GPT-3, AlphaGo — is a new way of computing the agent function at scale, not a new definition of AI.\n",{"path":14251,"title":14252,"module":10583,"summary":14253},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffoundations\u002Fintelligent-agents","Intelligent Agents","An agent perceives an environment through sensors and acts on it through actuators; its behavior is an agent function mapping percept sequences to actions. A rational agent chooses, for each percept sequence, the action that maximizes its expected performance measure given its knowledge. We build the first half of the vocabulary the whole course rests on — the agent function, rationality, PEAS task specifications, and the six axes along which task environments vary.\n",{"path":14255,"title":14256,"module":10583,"summary":14257},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffoundations\u002Fagent-architectures","Agent Architectures","How to build a program that computes a good agent function without storing an astronomically large lookup table. Four skeleton architectures in order of increasing power — simple reflex, model-based, goal-based, and utility-based — plus the learning agent that improves any of them, the scale of world representations (atomic, factored, structured) they rest on, and how a modern language-model agent fits the same frame.\n",{"path":14259,"title":14260,"module":14261,"summary":14262},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Funinformed-search","Uninformed Search","Search","A goal-based agent that cannot see which action is best turns the problem into a state space — an initial state, a set of actions, a transition model, a goal test, and a path cost — and searches for a sequence of actions reaching the goal. We build the state-space formulation on the 8-puzzle and route-finding, give the one TREE-SEARCH \u002F GRAPH-SEARCH skeleton every algorithm specializes, and measure strategies by completeness, optimality, and complexity. This lesson develops the first two frontier disciplines — breadth-first and uniform-cost search; the rest follow in the next lesson.\n",{"path":14264,"title":14265,"module":14261,"summary":14266},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fsearch-strategies-compared","Search Strategies Compared","Breadth-first and uniform-cost search pay for optimality in memory. This lesson develops the strategies that trade memory for depth: depth-first search, which keeps only the current path; depth-limited and iterative-deepening search, which fix DFS's failure on infinite paths; and bidirectional search, which meets in the middle for a square-root saving. It closes by lining up all six uninformed strategies against completeness, optimality, and complexity, and tracing where the algorithms came from and where they went.\n",{"path":14268,"title":14269,"module":14261,"summary":14270},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Finformed-search","Informed Search and A*","An informed search uses a heuristic $h(n)$, an estimate of the cost from a node to the goal, to decide what to expand next. Greedy best-first search follows the heuristic blindly and gives up optimality; A* corrects it by ranking nodes on $f(n) = g(n) + h(n)$, and is optimal when the heuristic is admissible (tree search) or consistent (graph search). This lesson defines the heuristic, builds best-first search, and proves why A* is optimal, with the contour picture that explains its pruning. Where good heuristics come from is the next lesson.\n",{"path":14272,"title":14273,"module":14261,"summary":14274},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fheuristic-functions","Heuristic Functions and Memory-Bounded Search","A* is only as good as its heuristic, so this lesson answers where good heuristics come from: relaxed problems, whose exact solution cost is an admissible heuristic, and pattern databases, which precompute subproblem costs. It measures heuristic quality with dominance and the effective branching factor, then tackles A*'s memory problem with IDA*, RBFS, and SMA*. It closes with modern heuristic search — weighted A*, learned and disjoint pattern-database heuristics, and bidirectional A*.\n",{"path":14276,"title":14277,"module":14261,"summary":14278},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Flocal-search","Local Search and Optimization","When the path to a goal is irrelevant and only the final state matters, we can discard the search tree entirely and keep just the current state, moving to a better neighbor at each step. This lesson builds the state-space landscape metaphor, works through hill climbing and the three obstacles that defeat it (local maxima, ridges, plateaus), then develops the first escapes: random restarts and simulated annealing with its temperature schedule. The population-based methods and continuous-space calculus follow in the next lesson.\n",{"path":14280,"title":14281,"module":14261,"summary":14282},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fpopulation-and-continuous-search","Population and Continuous Search","Single-state local search escapes a trap by restarting or tolerating downhill moves. This lesson develops the alternatives that keep several states at once — local beam search, which shares successors across parallel threads, and genetic algorithms, which recombine two parents through crossover and mutation — then crosses into continuous spaces, where calculus replaces the finite neighbor set: gradient ascent, line search, and Newton's method. It closes with the industrial descendants of these methods and the loop they all share.\n",{"path":14284,"title":14285,"module":14261,"summary":14286},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fadversarial-search","Adversarial Search and Games","When another agent plans against you, search becomes a game. We formalize two-player, zero-sum, perfect-information games as search problems, define the minimax value that optimal play backs up through the game tree, and give the MINIMAX algorithm that computes it. Alpha–beta pruning then cuts the cost of that search roughly in half in the exponent without changing the answer, and a heuristic evaluation function plus a cutoff test turns the exact algorithm into a real-time player that copes with the horizon effect.\n",{"path":14288,"title":14289,"module":14261,"summary":14290},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fgames-of-chance-and-imperfect-information","Games of Chance and Imperfect Information","Minimax and alpha–beta assume a deterministic game both players can see in full. Drop either assumption and search must change. This lesson adds chance nodes and the expectiminimax value for games with dice, then belief-state reasoning for partially observable games — Kriegspiel and card games — where averaging over clairvoyance both helps and misleads. It closes with the line from Deep Blue's alpha–beta to AlphaGo's learned evaluation and Monte Carlo tree search, and the provable-pruning and self-play research around each end of that story.\n",{"path":14292,"title":14293,"module":14261,"summary":14294},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fconstraint-satisfaction","Constraint Satisfaction Problems","A constraint satisfaction problem replaces the black-box state with a factored one: variables, domains, and constraints. That structure supports inference before any search runs. This lesson defines the CSP on map coloring, Sudoku, and scheduling, then develops constraint propagation: node and arc consistency, the AC-3 algorithm that makes a whole network arc-consistent, and the way one deleted value cascades across the graph to prune impossible options ahead of search.\n",{"path":14296,"title":14297,"module":14261,"summary":14298},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fcsp-search-and-structure","CSP Search and Structure","Propagation prunes a CSP but rarely finishes it, so we search. This lesson builds backtracking search over partial assignments and the general-purpose heuristics that make it fast — MRV, degree, least-constraining-value, forward checking, MAC, and intelligent backtracking. It then shows how the shape of the constraint graph controls difficulty: tree-structured problems fall in linear time, cutset conditioning handles the rest, and min-conflicts local search solves a million queens in a constant number of steps.\n",{"path":14300,"title":14301,"module":14261,"summary":14302},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fsearch-under-uncertainty","Search Under Uncertainty","Classical search assumes the agent knows the state it is in and exactly what each action does. Drop the second assumption and a plan can no longer be a fixed sequence of actions. This lesson develops the first response: AND-OR search over nondeterministic actions, which returns a branching contingency plan rather than a straight line. We build it on the erratic vacuum world, show how OR nodes (the agent's choices) alternate with AND nodes (nature's outcomes), trace the recursion that finds a plan, and handle the case where the only solution is a cyclic \"try, try again.\"\n",{"path":14304,"title":14305,"module":14261,"summary":14306},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fsearch\u002Fbelief-state-and-online-search","Belief-State and Online Search","When the agent cannot see the full state, a plan can no longer test where it actually is — it must reason over the set of states it might be in. This lesson develops belief-state search, from sensorless (conformant) planning that coerces an unknown world into a goal, through the predict-observe-update cycle of contingent planning with percepts, to online search in unknown environments, where the agent must act in order to learn. It closes with LRTA*, which refines its own heuristic as it explores, one step from reinforcement learning.\n",{"path":14308,"title":14309,"module":14310,"summary":14311},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Fpropositional-logic","Logical Agents and Propositional Logic","Logic and Planning","A knowledge-based agent keeps a store of sentences and acts by asking it what to do. To make \"asking\" mean something we need entailment — the relation $KB \\models \\alpha$ that holds when every model of the knowledge base is a model of the query. Propositional logic gives a syntax and a truth-table semantics for which entailment is decidable. This first part builds the foundations: the agent loop, the Wumpus World, models and entailment, the connectives and truth tables, theorem proving by refutation, and the resolution rule with its CNF conversion — a single complete inference procedure for all of propositional logic.\n",{"path":14313,"title":14314,"module":14310,"summary":14315},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Fpropositional-inference","Propositional Inference and Logical Agents","Model checking and resolution decide entailment, but both can blow up. This part turns propositional logic into a practical engine and a working agent. Horn clauses give linear-time forward and backward chaining — the basis of logic programming. DPLL and WalkSAT make satisfiability testing fast in the common case. Then we make the agent situated: time-indexed fluents, the frame problem and its solution by successor-state axioms, a hybrid agent that deduces a safe map and plans a route through it, and SATPlan, which finds a plan by asking a SAT solver for a satisfying model.\n",{"path":14317,"title":14318,"module":14310,"summary":14319},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Ffirst-order-logic","First-Order Logic","Propositional logic can only say that facts hold; it cannot talk about the objects a fact is about, or state a rule once and have it cover every object. First-order logic fixes this by committing to a world of objects, relations, and functions. This first part builds the language from the ground up: the ontology it commits to, the model that gives a sentence a truth value, the syntax of terms and sentences, the two quantifiers with their standard mistakes, and equality.\n",{"path":14321,"title":14322,"module":14310,"summary":14323},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Ffirst-order-logic-in-use","First-Order Logic in Use","With the language of first-order logic in hand, this part is about using it well. Database semantics trades expressive power for the convenience of a single intended model; higher-order logic shows what first-order logic gives up for decidability. Then we put the language to work: the Tell\u002FAsk interface, the kinship domain axiomatized from scratch, and the seven-step knowledge-engineering process applied to a digital circuit.\n",{"path":14325,"title":14326,"module":14310,"summary":14327},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Finference-and-resolution","Inference in First-Order Logic","Propositional inference lifts to first-order logic once we can make terms match. Unification is that machinery: the algorithm that finds the substitution making two expressions identical, and the basis of generalized modus ponens. This first part builds the lifted inference rules and the two chaining algorithms they drive — forward chaining, the data-driven procedure behind production systems and Datalog, and backward chaining, the goal-driven procedure behind Prolog.\n",{"path":14329,"title":14330,"module":14310,"summary":14331},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Ffirst-order-resolution","First-Order Resolution","Chaining is complete only for Horn knowledge bases. General first-order sentences — with disjunctive conclusions and negations — need a single sound and complete rule: resolution. This part converts arbitrary sentences to CNF by skolemizing away the existentials, lifts the resolution rule with unification, and proves entailment by refuting the negated goal. The result is the proof procedure Gödel's completeness theorem guarantees will find any entailment, together with the search strategies that make it usable.\n",{"path":14333,"title":14334,"module":14310,"summary":14335},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Fclassical-planning","Classical Planning","Classical planning represents a problem in a factored language, PDDL: states are sets of ground fluents, and actions are lifted schemas with a precondition and an effect. That structure turns planning into search — forward through states or backward through goals — and lets a program read heuristics straight off the schemas by relaxing the problem. This first part develops the representation, the two search directions, and the domain-independent heuristics that come from ignoring preconditions or delete lists.\n",{"path":14337,"title":14338,"module":14310,"summary":14339},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Fplanning-graphs-and-graphplan","Planning Heuristics and GraphPlan","Every relaxation heuristic can be inaccurate, and none can tell how far apart subgoals sit. The planning graph is a polynomial-size structure that does better: leveled off the problem, it yields admissible distance estimates and a record of which actions and fluents cannot coexist. This part builds the graph, reads heuristics from it, extracts plans with GraphPlan, and closes with the other classical approaches — SATPlan and partial-order planning — and the representational trade that makes all of it work.\n",{"path":14341,"title":14342,"module":14310,"summary":14343},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Fplanning-in-the-real-world","Planning and Acting in the Real World","Classical planning's clean theory rests on four assumptions: time is ignored, actions are atomic, the world is deterministic and fully observable, and the agent is alone. This first part drops the first two. We add durations and resource constraints — turning a plan into a schedule, solved by the critical-path method and, once resources contend, by NP-hard job-shop scheduling — and let a planner reason at multiple levels of abstraction through high-level actions and their angelic reachable sets.\n",{"path":14345,"title":14346,"module":14310,"summary":14347},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Fplanning-under-uncertainty","Planning Under Uncertainty","Classical planning assumed the world was deterministic, fully observable, and the agent alone. This part drops the last two assumptions. When the agent cannot see or predict the world, planning moves into belief-state space: sensorless plans that coerce the world into the goal without sensing, contingent plans that branch on what is sensed, and online agents that monitor and replan when execution diverges. Then we add other agents — joint plans, the coordination problem, and the conventions that let a team act without constant negotiation.\n",{"path":14349,"title":14350,"module":14310,"summary":14351},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Fknowledge-representation","Knowledge Representation","First-order logic gives you the language; this lesson is about what to say in it. This first part builds the content: a general upper ontology from the top down, categories as first-class objects with taxonomies and inheritance, physical composition and the count-noun\u002Fmass-noun split, events and time reified through the event calculus, and belief modeled with modal logic — the machinery for representing the world an agent reasons about.\n",{"path":14353,"title":14354,"module":14310,"summary":14355},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flogic-and-planning\u002Freasoning-systems-and-defaults","Reasoning Systems and Default Logic","Having represented the world, this part is about reasoning with it at scale. Semantic networks give a graphical notation with fast inheritance; description logics keep subsumption and classification tractable by design. Then we confront the fact that most useful rules hold only by default: circumscription and default logic give a logical account of nonmonotonic reasoning, and truth maintenance systems retract conclusions cleanly when the beliefs beneath them change.\n",{"path":14357,"title":14358,"module":14359,"summary":14360},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Fprobability-and-bayes","Quantifying Uncertainty","Uncertainty","Logic breaks down in any domain where the rules have exceptions you cannot enumerate — the qualification problem. Probability replaces truth values with degrees of belief that obey Kolmogorov's axioms, and the full joint distribution becomes a knowledge base from which any query is answered by summing entries: marginalization, conditioning, and normalization. Independence factors that joint into smaller pieces — the first step toward a calculus of rational belief that an agent can actually compute with.\n",{"path":14362,"title":14363,"module":14359,"summary":14364},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Fbayes-rule-and-naive-bayes","Bayes' Rule and Naive Bayes","Bayes' rule inverts a causal model into a diagnostic one, turning \"how a cause produces its symptoms\" into \"which cause explains what I observed.\" Ignoring the prior is the base-rate fallacy behind overconfident test results. Conditional independence then lets several pieces of evidence combine by multiplying likelihood ratios instead of building an exponential joint, giving the naive Bayes model and pointing directly at Bayesian networks.\n",{"path":14366,"title":14367,"module":14359,"summary":14368},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Fbayesian-networks","Bayesian Networks","A Bayesian network is a directed acyclic graph of random variables in which each node carries a conditional probability table for itself given its parents. That structure factors the full joint distribution into a product of local terms, turning an exponential table into a linear one, and it makes the conditional independences of the domain explicit. We build the canonical burglary–alarm network, read compactness and d-separation off the graph, run exact inference by variable elimination, and, where that is intractable, estimate answers by sampling.\n",{"path":14370,"title":14371,"module":14359,"summary":14372},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Finference-in-bayesian-networks","Bayesian Networks: Inference and Relational Models","When exact inference is intractable, sampling estimates the posterior instead: prior and rejection sampling, likelihood weighting, and Gibbs\u002FMCMC, whose error shrinks as one over the square root of the sample count. The same graphical idea then lifts from a fixed set of variables to whole populations — relational and open-universe probability models write dependencies once and unroll them over objects — and we close by placing probability against the rule-based, Dempster–Shafer, and fuzzy alternatives it displaced.\n",{"path":14374,"title":14375,"module":14359,"summary":14376},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Freasoning-over-time","Probabilistic Reasoning over Time","A world that changes needs a state variable at every point in time. The Markov assumption cuts the dependence on history down to the previous slice, leaving a transition model and a sensor model that define a temporal Bayesian network. Four recursive tasks fall out — filtering, prediction, smoothing, and the most likely explanation — each a message passed along the sequence. We ground them in hidden Markov models and their matrix form, sketch the Kalman filter for continuous state, and reach dynamic Bayesian networks with particle filtering as the general approximate method.\n",{"path":14378,"title":14379,"module":14359,"summary":14380},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Ftracking-and-data-association","Reasoning over Time: Tracking and Data Association","Dynamic Bayesian networks generalize HMMs and Kalman filters to arbitrarily many state variables per slice, and when exact inference blows up, particle filtering approximates the belief state with a population of weighted samples that propagate, reweight, and resample. Tracking several objects at once adds the data-association problem — which observation came from which object — whose combinatorics defeat any exact filter, so particle filters and MCMC keep many hypotheses alive. We close with SLAM and learned state-space models.\n",{"path":14382,"title":14383,"module":14359,"summary":14384},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Fmaking-decisions","Making Decisions: Utility Theory","A rational agent chooses the action that maximizes expected utility — the probability of each outcome weighted by how much the agent wants it. We derive the utility function from six axioms on preferences, so maximizing expected utility is forced by consistency rather than assumed; look at risk aversion in the utility-of-money curve; package one-shot choices into decision networks; and quantify what an observation is worth with the value of information.\n",{"path":14386,"title":13975,"module":14359,"summary":14387},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Fmarkov-decision-processes","When an agent must act repeatedly in a stochastic world, a fixed plan is useless — it needs a policy, an action for every state. The Markov decision process makes this precise with a transition model, a reward, and a discount factor; the Bellman equation characterizes the optimal state utilities, and value iteration and policy iteration solve it. Partial observability lifts the problem to belief states, and bandits, Monte-Carlo tree search, and scalable POMDP solvers extend it — this is the model-known half of reinforcement learning.\n",{"path":14389,"title":14390,"module":14359,"summary":14391},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Fdecision-networks-and-game-theory","Decision Analysis: Multi-Attribute Utility and Decision Networks","Decision analysis takes the single-agent utility framework and makes it practical: utility over several attributes, dominance and additive value functions, influence diagrams that fold Bayesian networks together with decision and utility nodes, and the value of information that tells an agent which questions are worth asking. Structure in an agent's preferences — dominance, preferential and utility independence — collapses an exponential utility table into a few one-dimensional functions, the same move that made Bayesian networks compact.\n",{"path":14393,"title":14394,"module":14359,"summary":14395},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Fgame-theory-and-mechanism-design","Game Theory and Mechanism Design","When outcomes depend on other rational agents, single-agent utility maximization no longer suffices. Game theory studies decisions among agents — normal-form games, dominant strategies, Nash and maximin equilibria, and repeated games — and mechanism design runs the logic backwards, engineering rules (auctions, VCG) so that self-interested play produces a good collective outcome. Algorithmic game theory then asks whether equilibria can be computed, what selfishness costs society, and how the mechanisms deployed at internet scale actually behave.\n",{"path":14397,"title":14398,"module":14399,"summary":14400},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flearning\u002Flearning-from-examples","Learning from Examples","Learning","An agent that improves with experience does not need its designer to anticipate every situation. Inductive learning takes that ambition and narrows it to one tractable problem: from labelled input-output pairs, recover a function that predicts the output for inputs never seen. This first part builds the foundation around a single organizing question — generalization — through decision trees and information gain, and the training\u002Fvalidation\u002Ftest discipline for evaluating and choosing hypotheses. A second part takes up the theory of learning and the main model families.\n",{"path":14402,"title":14403,"module":14399,"summary":14404},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flearning\u002Ftheory-and-model-families","The Theory of Learning and Model Families","Cross-validation measures generalization but does not explain it. This part supplies the theory — PAC learning, sample complexity, and the VC dimension — that says when a hypothesis consistent with enough data is probably approximately correct, and why an unrestricted hypothesis space can never generalize. It then surveys the model families a practitioner reaches for: linear regression and gradient descent, the perceptron and logistic regression, support vector machines and the kernel trick, and ensembles by bagging and boosting — closing with what deep learning changed about the classical picture.\n",{"path":14406,"title":14407,"module":14399,"summary":14408},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flearning\u002Fprobabilistic-learning","Learning Probabilistic Models","A [Bayesian network](\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Funcertainty\u002Fbayesian-networks) is useless until its numbers are filled in, and those numbers come from data. This first part casts learning itself as probabilistic inference: hypotheses carry a prior, data update it to a posterior, and predictions average over what remains. From that frame fall the standard estimators — maximum likelihood by counting, MAP with a conjugate prior, full Bayesian updating — for the case where every variable is observed. A second part takes up the harder case of hidden variables and the EM algorithm.\n",{"path":14410,"title":14411,"module":14399,"summary":14412},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flearning\u002Fexpectation-maximization","Learning with Hidden Variables: The EM Algorithm","Complete data can be learned by counting; real data usually hide some variables — the disease behind the symptoms, the cluster behind the points. This part develops the expectation-maximization algorithm, which learns those models by alternating an expected completion of the missing data with a re-estimation of the parameters. It works the idea through mixtures of Gaussians, Bayesian networks, and hidden Markov models, proves the monotone-likelihood guarantee from the evidence lower bound, and traces the line from EM to variational inference and the variational autoencoder.\n",{"path":14414,"title":13397,"module":14399,"summary":14415},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flearning\u002Freinforcement-learning","Reinforcement learning is an MDP with the model unknown: the agent knows neither how its actions move the world nor which states are rewarded, and must recover good behaviour from experienced transitions and rewards alone. This first part builds the classical tabular theory — passive learning (fix a policy, learn its value, by direct estimation, adaptive dynamic programming, and temporal differences) and active learning (choose actions, trade exploration against exploitation, and learn control with Q-learning and SARSA). A second part lifts it off the lookup table with function approximation and policy search.\n",{"path":14417,"title":14418,"module":14399,"summary":14419},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flearning\u002Fgeneralization-and-policy-search","Reinforcement Learning: Generalization and Policy Search","Tabular reinforcement learning stores one number per state, which is hopeless for backgammon or chess. This part lifts RL off the lookup table with function approximation, so that updating one state generalizes to related ones, then turns to policy search — representing and optimizing the policy directly, up to the REINFORCE policy gradient and correlated sampling. It closes with the bridge to deep reinforcement learning (deep Q-networks, actor-critic, PPO), the classic applications, and the hand-off to the dedicated RL subject.\n",{"path":14421,"title":14422,"module":14399,"summary":14423},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flearning\u002Fknowledge-in-learning","Knowledge in Learning","Pure induction learns a function from labelled examples while knowing almost nothing to begin with. This first part brings prior knowledge into the loop by recasting learning as logical inference — hypotheses, examples, and classifications as sentences. It develops current-best-hypothesis search, the version space and its general\u002Fspecific boundary maintained by candidate elimination, and states the three entailment constraints that fix how background knowledge enters. A second part builds the three knowledge-based methods those constraints define.\n",{"path":14425,"title":14426,"module":14399,"summary":14427},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Flearning\u002Fknowledge-based-learning-methods","Knowledge-Based Learning: EBL, Relevance, and ILP","Once learning is cast as logical inference, three methods follow from the three ways prior knowledge can enter. Explanation-based learning generalizes a single example by explaining it with the domain theory, gaining speed but nothing new. Relevance-based learning uses determinations to shrink the hypothesis space and converge from fewer examples. Inductive logic programming learns genuinely new first-order rules — top-down with FOIL, bottom-up by inverting resolution, even inventing new predicates — and connects to modern statistical relational and neuro-symbolic learning.\n",{"path":14429,"title":14430,"module":14431,"summary":14432},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffrontiers\u002Fvision-and-perception","Vision and Perception","Frontiers","Perception connects an agent to the physical world. We follow one modality — vision — from the physics of image formation (the pinhole camera, perspective projection, lenses, shading, color) through the early operations that turn a pixel array into edges, texture, and motion, and into recognition by appearance. The recurring problem is inversion: a camera collapses a 3-D world onto a 2-D grid, and an agent that wants to act must build the scene back up. Rebuilding the scene is the subject of the companion lesson.\n",{"path":14434,"title":14435,"module":14431,"summary":14436},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffrontiers\u002Freconstructing-the-3d-world","Vision: Reconstructing the 3D World","A camera collapses a three-dimensional world onto a flat grid; this lesson inverts that collapse. We build the camera projection matrix (intrinsics and extrinsics), triangulate a point from two views, then work through the toolbox of depth cues — motion parallax, binocular stereopsis, multiple views, texture, shading, and contour — that turn an ambiguous image back into a scene. We add structural recognition (pictorial-structure \"cardboard people\"), the task-driven use of vision in cars and robots, and the shift from hand-built pipelines to learned deep-vision networks.\n",{"path":14438,"title":14439,"module":14431,"summary":14440},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffrontiers\u002Frobotics","Robotics","A robot is an agent with a body: sensors that read the physical world and effectors that push back on it. This lesson grounds the abstract AI machinery in that body. We build up the hardware (range finders, proprioception, degrees of freedom), then cast perception as probabilistic filtering — the kinematic motion and sensor models, Monte Carlo localization, the extended Kalman filter, and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). The companion lesson takes the estimated pose forward into planning and control.\n",{"path":14442,"title":14443,"module":14431,"summary":14444},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffrontiers\u002Frobot-planning-and-control","Robotics: Planning and Control","A robot that knows where it is still has to decide how to move, and then make a slipping, sensing-imperfect body actually go there. This lesson takes the pose estimate forward: planning motion in configuration space with cell decomposition and sampling-based roadmaps (PRMs and RRTs), planning under uncertainty with most-likely-state and online replanning, closing the loop with P\u002FPD\u002FPID control and potential fields, and finally the software architectures — subsumption, three-layer, and pipeline — that assemble it all, plus the learning-based turn in modern robotics.\n",{"path":14446,"title":14447,"module":14431,"summary":14448},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffrontiers\u002Fnatural-language-in-ai","Natural Language for AI Agents","Language is how agents acquire the knowledge already written down and how they communicate with the humans they serve. This lesson gives the classical AI account of language as a source of information: n-gram language models and the information-seeking tasks built on them — text classification, information retrieval (BM25, the inverted index, PageRank), and information extraction with finite-state templates and hidden Markov models. Throughout, we point to the dedicated NLP subject for the modern deep-learning treatment; the companion lesson takes up grammar, translation, and speech.\n",{"path":14450,"title":14451,"module":14431,"summary":14452},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffrontiers\u002Fnlp-grammar-translation-and-speech","Language for AI Agents: Grammar, Translation, and Speech","N-gram models see only a local window; they cannot say why \"black dog\" is well-formed English and \"dog black\" is not, because that is a fact about structure. This lesson takes up structure: phrase-structure and probabilistic context-free grammars, syntactic analysis by chart parsing and CYK, augmented grammars and compositional semantics, then the two major statistical successes — machine translation and speech recognition — cast as noisy-channel problems. It closes with the bridge from n-grams to transformers and where the classical account sits relative to modern NLP.\n",{"path":14454,"title":14455,"module":14431,"summary":14456},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffrontiers\u002Fphilosophy-and-future","Philosophy, Ethics, and the Future of AI","Two questions have shadowed the field since its founding: can machines act intelligently (weak AI), and can they really think (strong AI)? We work through Turing's objections and their rebuttals — the arguments from disability, mathematics, and informality — then the strong-AI debate: the mind-body problem, functionalism and the brain prosthesis, Searle's Chinese Room and the systems reply, and consciousness and qualia. The companion lesson turns from what AI can do to what it should, and closes the course.\n",{"path":14458,"title":14459,"module":14431,"summary":14460},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Ffrontiers\u002Fai-ethics-and-future","The Ethics and Future of AI","Having asked whether machines can act intelligently and really think, we turn to whether we should build them at all. This lesson works through the six ethical risks — lost jobs, autonomous weapons, surveillance and privacy, biased decisions, the safety of superintelligence, and the erosion of accountability — then the value-alignment problem in the LLM era, and where the classical agent components could go next. It closes the course by tying search, logic, probability, and learning into a single picture of intelligence as rational agency.\n",{"path":14462,"title":14463,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Fartificial-intelligence","Artificial Intelligence",{"path":14465,"title":14466,"module":14467,"summary":14468},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-properties\u002Fnuclear-constituents-nuclide-chart","Nuclear Composition and Ground-State Properties","Nuclear Properties","The nucleus is a bound assembly of Z protons and N neutrons packed to a radius R = R0 A^(1\u002F3) at a nearly constant density of about 10^17 kg\u002Fm^3. We fix the vocabulary of nuclides, derive nuclear size from mirror-nuclide and electron-scattering data, read the binding-energy-per-nucleon curve, and model it with the liquid-drop semiempirical mass formula.\n",{"path":14470,"title":14471,"module":14467,"summary":14472},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-properties\u002Fnuclear-size-charge-distributions","Nuclear Size, Shape, and Charge Distributions","Elastic electron scattering resolves the nucleus by its de Broglie wavelength. The measured cross section is the Mott point-charge cross section modulated by a form factor, and that form factor is the Fourier transform of the charge density. Diffraction minima fix the radius, the small-angle slope fixes the mean-square radius, and the fitted Woods-Saxon profile gives a central density and a skin thickness. Mirror-nucleus Coulomb energies, muonic-atom X-rays, and optical isotope shifts give independent radii that all track R = R0 A^(1\u002F3).\n",{"path":14474,"title":14475,"module":14467,"summary":14476},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-properties\u002Fnuclear-masses-binding-energy","Nuclear Masses, Mass Excess, and Separation Energies","The atomic mass unit fixes the scale, and the mass excess collects the small binding-driven deviation from the integer mass number. Penning-trap cyclotron frequencies now measure masses to parts in a billion, and every decay and reaction Q-value is a difference of these masses. One- and two-nucleon separation energies read the binding difference between neighbouring nuclides directly, showing the even-odd pairing stagger and the sharp drops at magic numbers, and their vanishing marks the neutron and proton drip lines that bound the chart of the nuclides.\n",{"path":14478,"title":14479,"module":14467,"summary":14480},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-properties\u002Fsemi-empirical-mass-formula","The Semi-Empirical Mass Formula and the Valley of Stability","Five physical terms reproduce nuclear binding across the chart: a volume term from saturation, a surface term from the deficit of edge neighbours, a Coulomb term from the electrostatic self-energy of a charged sphere, an asymmetry term from the Pauli cost of unequal proton and neutron filling, and a pairing term. The formula is quadratic in Z at fixed A, so isobars lie on a mass parabola whose minimum sets the most stable charge and whose slope dictates the direction of beta decay. The same competition between surface and Coulomb energy defines the fissility parameter and the onset of fission.\n",{"path":14482,"title":14483,"module":14467,"summary":14484},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-properties\u002Fnuclear-moments-multipoles","Nuclear Spin, Magnetic Dipole, and Electric Quadrupole Moments","The ground state of a nucleus carries a definite spin and parity, a magnetic dipole moment of order the nuclear magneton, and, when its spin exceeds one-half, an electric quadrupole moment that measures its shape. The single-particle Schmidt lines predict the magnetic moment of an odd-A nucleus from the last unpaired nucleon, and the measured moments fall between them. The quadrupole moment distinguishes prolate from oblate deformation, and hyperfine structure is the experimental handle that fixes the spin and the moments from an atomic spectrum.\n",{"path":14486,"title":14487,"module":14488,"summary":14489},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-force-deuteron\u002Fnuclear-force-shell-overview","The Nuclear Force and the Shell Model","The Nuclear Force","The strong force between nucleons is short-range, charge-independent, saturated, and repulsive at its core, about a hundred times stronger than Coulomb. Yukawa explained it as an exchange of massive mesons, tying the force's range to the meson mass through the uncertainty principle. Layered on top, an independent-particle shell model with strong spin-orbit coupling reproduces the magic numbers 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, 126.\n",{"path":14491,"title":14492,"module":14488,"summary":14493},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-force-deuteron\u002Fthe-deuteron","The Deuteron and the Tensor Force","The deuteron is the only bound two-nucleon state: one shallow level at 2.22 MeV, no excited states. A square-well fit fixes a depth near 35 MeV over a 2 fm range, yet the wavefunction leaks so far past the edge that most of the probability lies outside the force. Its spin-1 ground state, magnetic moment close to the sum of the free-nucleon moments, and small but nonzero electric quadrupole moment together force a D-state admixture and a non-central tensor force.\n",{"path":14495,"title":14496,"module":14488,"summary":14497},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-force-deuteron\u002Fnucleon-nucleon-scattering","Nucleon-Nucleon Scattering and the Interaction's Structure","Scattering probes the nuclear force above threshold. Partial-wave analysis reduces low-energy data to a single s-wave phase shift, and the effective-range expansion packages that into a scattering length and an effective range. The triplet channel binds (the deuteron) while the singlet is only virtual, which together explain the anomalously large free neutron-proton cross section. Comparing pp, nn, and np results establishes charge symmetry and charge independence, and polarization experiments expose the spin-orbit and tensor pieces.\n",{"path":14499,"title":14500,"module":14488,"summary":14501},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-force-deuteron\u002Fmeson-theory-isospin","Meson Exchange, the Yukawa Potential, and Isospin","Yukawa's massive-field propagator turns the range of the nuclear force into a meson mass: the exchanged quantum's Compton wavelength is the range. One-pion exchange fixes the long-range tail, complete with the tensor structure the deuteron demanded, while heavier mesons build the intermediate attraction and the repulsive core. Charge independence becomes an isospin symmetry, the force is diagonalized by the total isospin through a tau-dot-tau interaction, and the whole picture sits inside QCD as a residual color force between color-neutral nucleons.\n",{"path":14503,"title":14504,"module":14505,"summary":14506},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-models\u002Ffermi-gas-model","The Fermi Gas Model","Nuclear Models","Treating the nucleus as two degenerate Fermi gases of protons and neutrons confined in a common well fixes the Fermi momentum near 250 MeV\u002Fc and the Fermi energy near 33 MeV from the nuclear density alone. The average kinetic energy per nucleon is about 20 MeV, the well depth is the Fermi energy plus the separation energy, and unequal proton and neutron Fermi levels reproduce the asymmetry term of the mass formula.\n",{"path":14508,"title":14509,"module":14505,"summary":14510},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-models\u002Fliquid-drop-collective-coordinates","The Liquid-Drop Model and Collective Deformation","Deforming a charged liquid drop into a spheroid raises its surface energy and lowers its Coulomb energy; the two effects compete through the deformation parameter to set a stability minimum and a fission barrier. The ratio of Coulomb to twice the surface energy is the fissility Z-squared over A, which crosses one near 49 and marks the point where the sphere is unstable. The same surface tension that restores small deformations quantizes into collective vibrations, carrying the static mass formula into dynamic collective motion.\n",{"path":14512,"title":14513,"module":14505,"summary":14514},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-models\u002Fshell-model-single-particle","The Shell Model: Single-Particle States and Spin-Orbit Coupling","A harmonic-oscillator well reproduces the first three magic numbers but fails above twenty; adding a strong inverted spin-orbit term that drives the stretched j equals l plus one-half level down closes the gaps at 28, 50, 82, and 126. The filled shells couple to zero, so the last unpaired nucleon fixes the ground-state spin and parity, and its single-particle magnetic moment falls on the Schmidt lines. Configuration mixing sets the limits of the extreme single-particle model.\n",{"path":14516,"title":14517,"module":14505,"summary":14518},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-models\u002Fcollective-model-rotations-vibrations","The Collective Model: Rotations, Vibrations, and Deformed Nuclei","Deformed nuclei rotate with energies proportional to I times I plus one, giving the ground-state band its characteristic level ratios, while near-spherical nuclei vibrate in quantized surface phonons that build one- and two-phonon multiplets. The Nilsson model tracks single-particle levels as the well deforms, moments of inertia fall between the rigid and irrotational limits, backbending marks the sudden alignment of a broken pair, and giant resonances are the bulk dipole and quadrupole modes of the whole nucleus.\n",{"path":14520,"title":14521,"module":14522,"summary":14523},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fradioactive-decay\u002Fdecay-law-modes","Radioactivity and Decay Modes","Radioactive Decay","Unstable nuclei decay at a rate proportional to how many remain, giving the exponential law N(t) = N0 e^(-lambda t) with half-life t = 0.693\u002Flambda. We work through the three common modes: alpha decay as Coulomb-barrier tunneling with the Geiger-Nuttall rule, beta decay whose continuous spectrum demands the neutrino, and gamma de-excitation, and follow a decay chain across the chart of nuclides.\n",{"path":14525,"title":14526,"module":14522,"summary":14527},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fradioactive-decay\u002Fdecay-kinetics-equilibrium","Serial Decay, the Bateman Equations, and Radioactive Equilibrium","A radioactive parent that decays into a radioactive daughter obeys a coupled pair of rate equations whose solution is the Bateman formula. Depending on the half-life ordering the chain settles into secular equilibrium (equal activities), transient equilibrium (a fixed activity ratio), or no equilibrium. Constant production under irradiation drives the activity toward a saturation value equal to the production rate, competing decay modes split the total decay constant into partial constants, and the natural decay series in secular equilibrium underpin radiometric dating.\n",{"path":14529,"title":14530,"module":14531,"summary":14532},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Falpha-decay\u002Falpha-decay-gamow-theory","Alpha Decay and the Gamow Theory of Tunneling","Alpha Decay","The alpha Q-value turns positive above mass number 150 because the emitted helium-4 is exceptionally tightly bound. Emission proceeds by quantum tunneling through the Coulomb barrier: a WKB integral from the nuclear surface to the outer turning point gives the Gamow factor, and multiplying its penetrability by the assault frequency yields half-lives spanning more than twenty orders of magnitude. The leading term reproduces the Geiger-Nuttall relation, log t½ proportional to the daughter charge over the square root of Q.\n",{"path":14534,"title":14535,"module":14531,"summary":14536},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Falpha-decay\u002Falpha-fine-structure-hindrance","Fine Structure, Angular Momentum, and Hindrance Factors","A single parent emits several alpha groups of slightly different energy, each feeding a distinct level of the daughter, so the alpha spectrum maps the daughter's low-lying states. Emission with orbital angular momentum L raises the barrier by a centrifugal term and is allowed only when angular-momentum and parity selection rules permit. Comparing the measured partial half-life to the Gamow estimate defines a hindrance factor near unity for even-even ground-state transitions and large for odd-A decays that must rearrange the unpaired nucleon.\n",{"path":14538,"title":14539,"module":14540,"summary":14541},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fbeta-decay\u002Fbeta-decay-energetics-neutrino","Beta Decay Energetics and the Neutrino","Beta Decay and the Weak Interaction","Beta decay converts a neutron into a proton or the reverse, adjusting Z at fixed A along an isobaric mass parabola. We write the three processes (beta-minus, beta-plus, electron capture), reduce every Q-value to a difference of neutral atomic masses, and read the continuous electron spectrum as the fingerprint of a third, nearly massless particle. Pauli's neutrino, its detection by Reines and Cowan, and the endpoint bound on its mass close the lesson.\n",{"path":14543,"title":14544,"module":14540,"summary":14545},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fbeta-decay\u002Ffermi-theory-beta-decay","Fermi's Theory: Kurie Plots and ft Values","Fermi treated beta decay as a point-contact weak transition and read its rate from the golden rule. The electron spectrum then follows from phase space and the Coulomb Fermi function; the Kurie plot straightens it to a line whose intercept is the endpoint. Integrating the spectrum gives the comparative half-life ft, whose logarithm sorts transitions into superallowed, allowed, and forbidden classes governed by the Fermi and Gamow-Teller selection rules.\n",{"path":14547,"title":14548,"module":14540,"summary":14549},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fbeta-decay\u002Fweak-interaction-parity-violation","The Weak Interaction and Parity Violation","Beta decay violates mirror symmetry. The Wu experiment on polarized cobalt-60 showed electrons emitted preferentially against the nuclear spin, a pseudoscalar correlation forbidden if parity were conserved. The result fixes the weak charged current as left-handed V minus A, forces neutrinos to be left-handed and antineutrinos right-handed (measured by Goldhaber), and places beta decay within the electroweak theory as W-boson exchange turning a down quark into an up quark.\n",{"path":14551,"title":14552,"module":14540,"summary":14553},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fbeta-decay\u002Fdouble-beta-decay-neutrino-mass","Double Beta Decay and Neutrino Mass","For even-A isobars the pairing term splits the mass parabola into two curves, and a handful of even-even nuclides sit below their odd-odd neighbor yet above the next even-even one: single beta decay is forbidden but second-order double beta decay is allowed. The two-neutrino mode is a standard-model process with the longest measured lifetimes in nature; the neutrinoless mode would require the neutrino to be its own antiparticle and its rate measures the effective Majorana mass, the sharpest probe of the absolute neutrino mass scale.\n",{"path":14555,"title":14556,"module":14557,"summary":14558},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fgamma-decay\u002Fgamma-multipole-radiation","Multipole Radiation and Selection Rules","Gamma Decay","Gamma decay carries a nucleus from an excited state to a lower one by emitting a photon of definite angular momentum and parity. We correct the photon energy for nuclear recoil, expand the radiation field into electric and magnetic multipoles, and read off how the transition rate collapses with each increase in multipole order. The Weisskopf single-particle estimates set the scale, and angular-momentum and parity conservation fix which multipole dominates.\n",{"path":14560,"title":14561,"module":14557,"summary":14562},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fgamma-decay\u002Finternal-conversion-isomers","Internal Conversion and Isomers","A nucleus can shed excitation energy without emitting a photon by handing it directly to an atomic electron. We define the internal-conversion coefficient, trace its growth with atomic number, multipole order, and decreasing energy, and treat the electron-only E0 transitions and internal pair formation. When the lowest allowed multipole is high and the energy low, the gamma rate falls so far that the excited state survives as a metastable isomer.\n",{"path":14564,"title":14565,"module":14557,"summary":14566},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fgamma-decay\u002Fangular-correlations-mossbauer","Angular Correlations and the Mössbauer Effect","Two gammas emitted in cascade are not independent in direction: detecting the first selects magnetic substates of the intermediate level and makes the second anisotropic, so the correlation function fixes the intermediate spin. The same nuclear resonance that recoil normally destroys is recovered when the emitter is locked in a lattice, giving the Mössbauer effect and its part-in-a-trillion resolution of isomer shifts and hyperfine fields.\n",{"path":14568,"title":14569,"module":14570,"summary":14571},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-reactions\u002Freaction-kinematics-cross-sections","Nuclear Reactions, Fission, and Fusion","Nuclear Reactions","A nuclear reaction X(x, y)Y is governed by its Q value and its cross section, the effective target area for a given process. Splitting the curve of binding energy near iron in either direction releases energy: fission of heavy nuclei by neutron capture and a chain reaction, and fusion of light nuclei that powers the Sun and needs Lawson's density-confinement criterion to be practical.\n",{"path":14573,"title":14574,"module":14570,"summary":14575},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-reactions\u002Fcompound-nucleus-resonances","The Compound Nucleus and Resonance Reactions","Low-energy reactions proceed through a long-lived intermediate state whose decay forgets how it formed. Bohr's independence hypothesis factorizes the cross section into a formation step and a branching ratio, an isolated level gives the single-level Breit-Wigner line shape with total width Γ tied to the lifetime by Γτ = ħ, and at high excitation overlapping levels merge into a statistical continuum described by evaporation spectra and the Hauser-Feshbach average.\n",{"path":14577,"title":14578,"module":14570,"summary":14579},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fnuclear-reactions\u002Fdirect-reactions-optical-model","Direct Reactions and the Optical Model","A complex optical potential replaces the many-body target by a single particle moving in an average field whose imaginary part removes flux into non-elastic channels, reproducing the diffraction pattern of elastic scattering. Direct reactions bypass the compound nucleus, transferring a nucleon in one step: stripping and pickup deposit or remove a single nucleon, the angle of the first peak in the distorted-wave angular distribution fixes the transferred orbital angular momentum, and its magnitude gives the spectroscopic factor.\n",{"path":14581,"title":14582,"module":14583,"summary":14584},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Ffission\u002Ffission-barrier-dynamics","The Fission Barrier and Fragment Energetics","Nuclear Fission","Fission is the large-amplitude collective deformation of a heavy nucleus into two fragments. The liquid-drop model sets a barrier from the competition between rising surface energy and falling Coulomb energy under quadrupole deformation, with the fissility parameter Z²\u002FA measuring how close a nucleus is to instability. Bohr-Wheeler theory separates spontaneous from neutron-induced fission, the fragment mass yield is double-humped and asymmetric, about 200 MeV is released per event, and shell corrections add a second minimum that produces fission isomers.\n",{"path":14586,"title":14587,"module":14583,"summary":14588},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Ffission\u002Fchain-reactions-reactor-physics","Chain Reactions and Reactor Physics","A self-sustaining chain reaction is a fixed point of neutron bookkeeping: the multiplication factor k counts the neutrons in one generation per neutron in the last, and criticality is k = 1. The four-factor formula tracks a neutron through fast fission, resonance escape, thermal utilization, and reproduction; moderation slows fission neutrons to the thermal energies where the fission cross section is largest; and the small delayed-neutron fraction sets the timescale that makes a reactor controllable. Breeding converts fertile U-238 and Th-232 into new fissile fuel.\n",{"path":14590,"title":14591,"module":14592,"summary":14593},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Ffusion-nucleosynthesis\u002Ffusion-reactions-confinement","Fusion Reactions and Confinement","Fusion and Nucleosynthesis","Light nuclei release energy when they fuse because binding per nucleon rises steeply toward the iron peak, but the Coulomb barrier suppresses the rate at reactor temperatures. The thermonuclear rate is a convolution of the Maxwell distribution with the tunneling probability, sharply peaked at the Gamow energy. The deuterium-tritium reaction has the lowest barrier and largest cross section; sustained energy gain requires the Lawson triple product of density, temperature, and confinement time, reached by magnetic or inertial confinement.\n",{"path":14595,"title":14596,"module":14592,"summary":14597},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Ffusion-nucleosynthesis\u002Fstellar-nucleosynthesis","Stellar Nucleosynthesis","Main-sequence stars burn hydrogen to helium through the proton-proton chain and the CNO cycle, both releasing 26.7 MeV per helium nucleus. Helium burning bridges the mass-5 and mass-8 gaps by the triple-alpha process through the Beryllium-8 and Hoyle resonances, and successive carbon-to-silicon burning stages climb to the iron peak, where fusion stops. The elements beyond iron are built by slow and rapid neutron capture, and the solar neutrino flux confirms the reactions directly.\n",{"path":14599,"title":14600,"module":14592,"summary":14601},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Ffusion-nucleosynthesis\u002Fbig-bang-nucleosynthesis","Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis","In the first three minutes the expanding universe forged the light elements. The weak interaction froze the neutron-to-proton ratio near one in six when the reaction rate fell below the expansion rate, and free-neutron decay lowered it to about one in seven before the deuterium bottleneck broke. Almost every surviving neutron ended in helium-4, fixing the primordial helium mass fraction near 0.25, with trace deuterium, helium-3, and lithium-7. The deuterium abundance measures the cosmic baryon density.\n",{"path":14603,"title":14604,"module":14605,"summary":14606},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fradiation-matter-applications\u002Fcharged-particle-stopping-power","Stopping Power and the Range of Charged Particles","Radiation and Applications","A heavy charged particle loses energy in a dense sequence of small Coulomb collisions with atomic electrons, at a rate the Bethe-Bloch formula fixes from the particle's charge and speed and the medium's electron density and mean excitation energy. The rate scales as the inverse square of the speed, so most energy is deposited at the end of the track in the Bragg peak, and integrating the reciprocal rate gives a sharp range. Electrons differ: they also radiate, and above a critical energy bremsstrahlung dominates. Fast particles above the phase velocity of light in the medium emit Cherenkov radiation.\n",{"path":14608,"title":14609,"module":14605,"summary":14610},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fradiation-matter-applications\u002Fphoton-neutron-interactions","Interactions of Photons and Neutrons","Photons are removed from a beam in single events, so their intensity falls exponentially with a linear attenuation coefficient built from three processes: the photoelectric effect at low energy, Compton scattering at intermediate energy, and pair production above twice the electron rest energy, each with its own atomic-number and energy dependence. Neutrons carry no charge and interact only with nuclei, moderating by elastic scattering and being captured with a cross section that rises as one over speed away from resonances.\n",{"path":14612,"title":14613,"module":14605,"summary":14614},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fradiation-matter-applications\u002Fradiation-detectors","Radiation Detectors and Nuclear Spectroscopy","Every detector converts the energy a radiation deposits into a measurable electrical signal. Gas counters read the ionization directly, in three operating regions set by the applied voltage; scintillators convert the energy to light read out by a photomultiplier; semiconductor detectors collect electron-hole pairs and give the best energy resolution because so many carriers are made per event. The resolution is governed by the number of independent charge carriers, and the pulse-height spectrum of a gamma line shows a full-energy photopeak, a Compton continuum with its edge, and escape peaks.\n",{"path":14616,"title":14617,"module":14605,"summary":14618},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fradiation-matter-applications\u002Fdosimetry-radiation-biology","Dosimetry, Radiation Biology, and Protection","Absorbed dose is the energy deposited per unit mass, measured in gray. Equal absorbed doses do unequal biological damage because densely ionizing radiation deposits its energy along short tracks: weighting the dose by a radiation factor gives the equivalent dose, and weighting by tissue sensitivity gives the effective dose, both in sieverts. Deterministic effects have a threshold and a severity that grows with dose; stochastic effects are assumed to follow a linear-no-threshold probability. Natural background dominates the dose to the population, and protection rests on time, distance, and shielding.\n",{"path":14620,"title":14621,"module":14605,"summary":14622},"\u002Fnuclear-physics\u002Fradiation-matter-applications\u002Fnuclear-applications-dating-medicine","Applications — Dating, Analysis, and Nuclear Medicine","Charged particles lose energy continuously and stop at a well-defined range with a Bragg peak, while gamma rays are attenuated exponentially. These interactions define radiation detectors and dosimetry (gray and sievert) and drive the applications: neutron activation analysis, magnetic resonance imaging, PET, and radiometric dating with carbon-14 and long-lived rock clocks.\n",{"path":14624,"title":14625,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Fnuclear-physics","Nuclear Physics",{"path":14627,"title":14628,"module":10583,"summary":14629},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ffoundations\u002Fwhat-is-nlp","What Is Natural Language Processing?","Natural language processing is the computational treatment of human language: reading it, representing it, and generating it. We set up why the problem is hard — ambiguity at every level, from sound to intent — trace the field from ELIZA's pattern-matching through statistical methods to today's neural models, lay out the linguistic levels and task families the course covers, and fix the vocabulary of tokens, types, and corpora the rest of the notes rely on.\n",{"path":14631,"title":14632,"module":10583,"summary":14633},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ffoundations\u002Fregex-and-text-normalization","Regular Expressions and Text Normalization","Before any model touches text, the text has to be found and cleaned. Regular expressions give an algebra for describing string patterns; tokenization, case folding, and stemming turn raw characters into the units a model counts; and byte-pair encoding builds a subword vocabulary that spells out any word. Measuring how far apart two strings are — minimum edit distance — is the next lesson.\n",{"path":14635,"title":14636,"module":10583,"summary":14637},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ffoundations\u002Fminimum-edit-distance","Minimum Edit Distance","Much of language processing needs to measure how similar two strings are — a speller ranking corrections, a diff tool, a coreference resolver. Minimum edit distance counts the insertions, deletions, and substitutions that turn one string into another, computed by a dynamic-programming table. We fill the table for intention to execution, backtrace to recover the alignment, and see how the same machinery generalizes to weighted edits, Viterbi, and biological sequence alignment.\n",{"path":14639,"title":14640,"module":10583,"summary":14641},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ffoundations\u002Fn-gram-language-models","N-Gram Language Models","A language model assigns a probability to a sequence of words and, equivalently, predicts the next word from its history. The n-gram model makes this tractable by truncating the history to the last few words, estimates the resulting conditional probabilities by counting, and is scored by perplexity. We build the model from the chain rule, work a bigram example on a small corpus, and read perplexity as a branching factor. The next lesson covers the zero counts that break this model and the smoothing that repairs them.\n",{"path":14643,"title":14644,"module":10583,"summary":14645},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ffoundations\u002Fsmoothing-and-backoff","Smoothing and Backoff","Every finite corpus is missing good word sequences it simply never saw, so a raw n-gram model assigns them probability zero and breaks. Smoothing repairs the zeros: add-one and add-k shave mass off seen events, backoff and interpolation fall back on shorter contexts, and Kneser-Ney — worked here by hand — replaces raw frequency with how many contexts a word completes. We close on web-scale stupid backoff and the neural models that dissolve the zero problem rather than patch it.\n",{"path":16,"title":14647,"module":9642,"summary":14648},"Naive Bayes and Sentiment Classification","Text classification assigns a category to a document — positive or negative, spam or not, one topic among many. Naive Bayes is a generative solution: apply Bayes' rule, assume the words are conditionally independent given the class, and the winning class is the one maximizing the product of a prior and per-word likelihoods. We train it by counting with add-one smoothing, work a full sentiment example by hand, sharpen it for sentiment (binary counts, negation, lexicons), and place it among the transformer classifiers that came after.\n",{"path":14650,"title":14651,"module":9642,"summary":14652},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fclassification\u002Fevaluating-classifiers","Evaluating Classifiers","A trained classifier is only useful once we can measure how good it is. We build the confusion matrix, see why accuracy misleads on unbalanced data, and define precision, recall, and the F-measure that balances them. Multi-class tasks need macro- versus micro-averaging; reliable estimates need cross-validation. We close on statistical significance — the paired bootstrap test for whether one system's lead over another is significant.\n",{"path":8754,"title":14654,"module":9642,"summary":14655},"Logistic Regression","Logistic regression is the discriminative counterpart to naive Bayes: instead of modelling how a document is generated, it learns weights that directly separate the classes. We build it from the sigmoid, derive the cross-entropy loss from maximum likelihood, learn the weights by stochastic gradient descent, regularize to curb overfitting, and generalize to many classes with the softmax. The two-class model is already a one-neuron network, so this is the bridge to neural language models.\n",{"path":9644,"title":5,"module":9642,"summary":9663},{"path":629,"title":14658,"module":14659,"summary":14660},"Vector Semantics and Embeddings","Semantics","Vector semantics represents a word's meaning as a point in space, derived from the company the word keeps. This first part builds the count-based side: the distributional hypothesis, co-occurrence matrices in their term-document and word-word forms, cosine as the similarity measure, and the two weightings — tf-idf and PPMI — that fix what raw counts get wrong. The result is a sparse, interpretable vector for every word, and the setup for the dense embeddings of the next lesson.\n",{"path":14662,"title":14663,"module":14659,"summary":14664},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fsemantics\u002Fstatic-word-embeddings","Static Word Embeddings: word2vec and After","Count-based vectors are long and sparse; embeddings are the short, dense alternative. This lesson builds them with word2vec's skip-gram and negative sampling — a classifier whose learned weights are the vectors — derives its gradient, and works one update by hand. It then reads relations off the analogy parallelogram, surveys the papers that framed the static-embedding era (word2vec, GloVe, the SGNS-as-PPMI equivalence, fastText, ELMo), and closes on the biases embeddings inherit and the single-vector-per-word ceiling that contextual models break.\n",{"path":14666,"title":14667,"module":14659,"summary":14668},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fsemantics\u002Fneural-language-models","Neural Networks and Neural Language Models","A neural network is a stack of units, each a weighted sum passed through a non-linearity — a single unit on its own is logistic regression. We build the network up from that unit: the activation functions that give it power, the XOR problem that forces a hidden layer, the feedforward forward pass in matrix form, and the Bengio-style feedforward neural language model that concatenates word embeddings and predicts the next word with a softmax. Training is cross-entropy minimized by gradient descent, with backpropagation supplying the gradient. Embeddings let the model share statistical strength across similar words, avoiding the sparsity that limits n-gram models.\n",{"path":14670,"title":14671,"module":11049,"summary":14672},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fsequences\u002Fsequence-labeling","Sequence Labeling: POS and NER","Sequence labeling assigns one tag to every token in a sentence. This first part sets up the task through its two canonical cases — part-of-speech tagging over the Penn Treebank tagset, and named-entity recognition reframed as token labeling with the BIO scheme — then builds the hidden Markov model, the classic probabilistic tagger. The HMM tags by Bayesian inference: transition and emission probabilities under two Markov assumptions, reducing tagging to an argmax over tag sequences. That argmax is exponential to enumerate, which sets up the Viterbi decoder, the CRF, and neural taggers of the next lesson.\n",{"path":14674,"title":14675,"module":11049,"summary":14676},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fsequences\u002Fcrfs-and-neural-taggers","Viterbi Decoding, CRFs, and Neural Taggers","The HMM reduced tagging to an argmax over exponentially many tag sequences. This lesson builds the decoder that makes it tractable — the Viterbi dynamic program, worked through a full numeric trace on real WSJ probabilities — then keeps that same decoder while replacing the HMM's rigid tables. The linear-chain conditional random field is a discriminative log-linear model whose global feature functions can inspect any part of the input, which is why CRFs win for NER. Finally it traces the shift to neural taggers (biLSTM-CRF, character-aware NER, ELMo), where hand-built features become learned representations while the Viterbi decoder carries over unchanged.\n",{"path":14678,"title":14679,"module":11049,"summary":14680},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fsequences\u002Frnns-and-lstms","RNNs and LSTMs","A feedforward neural language model sees a fixed window of words and can look no further back. The recurrent neural network removes that limit: it carries a hidden state across time, so each word is read in the context of everything before it. We build the RNN from its one recurrent equation, use it as a language model, train it by backpropagation through time, and diagnose the vanishing-gradient problem that makes plain RNNs forget. The LSTM fixes the forgetting with a cell state and three gates, and the encoder-decoder stacks two RNNs into a sequence-to-sequence model — and its single-vector bottleneck is the problem attention was invented to remove.\n",{"path":9129,"title":14682,"module":11531,"summary":14683},"Transformers and Self-Attention","Recurrence forced language models to read one word at a time and to squeeze every dependency through a chain of hidden states. Self-attention removes the recurrence: at every layer each position compares itself to every other and reads a weighted mixture of them, in a single parallel step. This first part builds the attention operation from the ground up — the soft lookup, queries and keys and values, the scaled dot-product, the numeric trace, the matrix form, and the causal mask — and sets up the full transformer architecture that follows.\n",{"path":14685,"title":13243,"module":11531,"summary":14686},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ftransformers\u002Fthe-transformer-architecture","This part takes the scaled dot-product attention of the previous lesson and assembles the full transformer architecture around it: multi-head attention so several relations can be read at once, the transformer block of residual connections and layer norm that makes deep stacks trainable, positional embeddings that restore word order, the decoder-only language model, and the encoder, decoder, and encoder-decoder shapes — closing with the 2017 paper and the pre-norm, FlashAttention, and RoPE refinements that scaled it up.\n",{"path":14688,"title":13351,"module":11531,"summary":14689},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ftransformers\u002Flarge-language-models","A large language model is a decoder-only transformer trained on one objective — predict the next token. This first part assembles the inference side: the language-modeling head that turns a hidden state into a distribution over the vocabulary, autoregressive generation, and the decoding strategies — greedy, beam, and sampling with temperature, top-k, and nucleus — that read text back out of that distribution. Training the distribution at web scale comes next.\n",{"path":14691,"title":14692,"module":11531,"summary":14693},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ftransformers\u002Fllm-pretraining-and-scaling","Large Language Models: Pretraining and Scaling","A language model's next-token distribution is only as good as the parameters behind it. This part is where those parameters come from: self-supervised pretraining on web-scale text with teacher forcing and cross-entropy, the scaling laws that make test loss a predictable power law in parameters, data, and compute, the KV cache that keeps long-context inference affordable, and how a finished model is evaluated by perplexity and benchmarks — closing with the Kaplan, Chinchilla, GPT-3, and emergence papers behind the scaling story.\n",{"path":14695,"title":14696,"module":11531,"summary":14697},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ftransformers\u002Ffine-tuning-and-prompting","Fine-Tuning and Prompting","A pretrained transformer is a general-purpose knowledge source; a task is what you do with it. There are two ways to adapt one, and this first part covers the one that updates the weights: fine-tuning. A bidirectional encoder like BERT is pretrained by masked language modeling, then a small task head is bolted on and the whole thing is trained on labelled data for classification, sequence labeling, or span-based question answering — with parameter-efficient variants (adapters, LoRA) that touch only a sliver of the weights. Prompting, the family that leaves the weights frozen, comes next.\n",{"path":14699,"title":14700,"module":11531,"summary":14701},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Ftransformers\u002Fprompting-and-alignment","Prompting and Alignment","Fine-tuning adapts a model by changing its weights. The second family of adaptation changes nothing: a large frozen model performs a task from an instruction and a few examples placed in its context. This part covers prompting and in-context learning, chain-of-thought that elicits reasoning, and the two training stages — instruction tuning and RLHF — that turn a fluent base predictor into an aligned assistant, closing with the BERT, LoRA, chain-of-thought, InstructGPT, and retrieval-augmentation papers behind the modern adaptation pipeline.\n",{"path":14703,"title":14704,"module":14705,"summary":14706},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fconstituency-parsing","Constituency Parsing","Linguistic Structure","A constituency parse groups a sentence into nested phrases described by a context-free grammar. We build the CFG formalism, read the phrase structure of English off a treebank, confront the structural ambiguity that makes parsing hard, convert to Chomsky normal form, and then solve it with CKY — the dynamic-programming chart that fills a triangular table bottom-up. Probabilistic and neural span parsers, evaluation, and shallow parsing follow in the companion lesson.\n",{"path":14708,"title":14709,"module":14705,"summary":14710},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fcky-scoring-and-evaluation","CKY Scoring, Evaluation, and Shallow Parsing","The CKY chart returns every parse but does not say which is correct. Disambiguation needs a score on trees. This lesson attaches probabilities to a grammar (the PCFG and lexicalization), replaces the grammar with a neural span scorer over a pretrained encoder, states the self-attentive results that made it the state of the art, evaluates parsers against a treebank with PARSEVAL, and closes with chunking and shallow parsing for tasks that need only the flat phrases.\n",{"path":14712,"title":14713,"module":14705,"summary":14714},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fdependency-parsing","Dependency Parsing","A dependency parse throws away phrases and keeps only directed, labeled arcs from heads to their dependents, so the subject and object of a verb hang off the verb directly. We fix the formalism (rooted trees, typed Universal-Dependency relations, projectivity), then build the first parser family: transition-based arc-standard and arc-eager parsing, a greedy stack-and-buffer machine trained from an oracle. Graph-based and neural dependency parsing follow in the companion lesson.\n",{"path":14716,"title":14717,"module":14705,"summary":14718},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fgraph-based-and-neural-dependency-parsing","Graph-Based and Neural Dependency Parsing","Greedy transition parsing commits locally; the graph-based family scores whole trees instead. This lesson scores every candidate head-dependent edge and extracts the maximum spanning tree with Chu-Liu\u002FEdmonds, develops the biaffine neural scorer that made graph-based parsing the accuracy leader, evaluates parsers with the unlabeled and labeled attachment scores (UAS and LAS), and closes on where the two parser families sit and what they feed downstream.\n",{"path":14720,"title":14721,"module":14705,"summary":14722},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fword-senses-and-wsd","Word Senses and Disambiguation","A word is not an atom of meaning: \"bass\" names a fish, a voice, and an instrument, and one static embedding blurs them into a single point. This lesson pulls those senses apart. We define polysemy and the relations that organize senses — synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, meronymy — build them into WordNet's synset graph, measure similarity along that graph, and then solve the core of word sense disambiguation: the most-frequent-sense baseline, the Lesk gloss-overlap algorithm, feature-based classifiers, and the nearest-neighbor method over BERT embeddings. WSD variants, embeddings, and evaluation follow in the companion lesson.\n",{"path":14724,"title":14725,"module":14705,"summary":14726},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fwsd-in-practice-and-induction","WSD in Practice and Word Sense Induction","Beyond core word sense disambiguation lie the variants and loose ends: the sense-inventory-free Word-in-Context task, retrofitting static embeddings to a thesaurus, discovering senses without a fixed inventory (word sense induction), the gloss-aware and bi-encoder neural systems that hold the state of the art, and how WSD and its cousins are evaluated. Together they connect one-vector-per-word embeddings to sense-aware contextual representations.\n",{"path":14728,"title":14729,"module":14705,"summary":14730},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fsemantic-roles-and-information-extraction","Semantic Roles and Information Extraction","Semantic roles answer \"who did what to whom\" for a single event, abstracting away the syntax that expresses it. We show why syntax alone is not enough, generalize over diathesis alternations with thematic roles, number a predicate's arguments with PropBank and group predicates into frames with FrameNet, tag each argument automatically with semantic role labeling, and factor predicates into primitives. Information extraction scales the idea to a corpus in the companion lesson.\n",{"path":14732,"title":14733,"module":14705,"summary":14734},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Frelations-events-and-templates","Relations, Events, and Templates","Semantic roles answer \"who did what\" for one predicate; information extraction scales the idea to a whole corpus. This lesson turns unstructured text into structured data: relation extraction pulls entity-relation-entity triples out of sentences by patterns, supervision, and distant supervision; event and temporal extraction place those facts on a timeline; and template filling and knowledge-base population assemble them into a database a downstream system can query.\n",{"path":14736,"title":14737,"module":14705,"summary":14738},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fcoreference-and-discourse","Coreference and Discourse","A text is more than a bag of sentences: entities recur under different names. Coreference resolution links every mention to the discourse entity it evokes — the linguistic background of pronouns, definite NPs, and names; mention detection; the mention-pair, mention-ranking, and entity-based architectures; a neural end-to-end span model that scores candidate antecedents; features, evaluation by the CoNLL F1, gender bias, and the neural coreference lineage. Discourse coherence follows in the companion lesson.\n",{"path":14740,"title":14741,"module":14705,"summary":14742},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fcoherence-and-discourse-structure","Coherence and Discourse Structure","Coherence is what makes a run of sentences a discourse rather than an arbitrary collection. This lesson develops coherence relations and Rhetorical Structure Theory trees, discourse-structure parsing, Centering and the entity grid for entity-based coherence, and representation-learning models of local coherence, measured in part over the coreference chains recovered in the companion lesson.\n",{"path":14744,"title":14745,"module":14705,"summary":14746},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Flogical-semantics","Logical Representations of Meaning","A meaning representation turns a sentence into a formal structure a machine can check against a world and reason over. We set the desiderata a good representation must meet, ground truth in a model, build up first-order logic for sentences with its connectives, quantifiers, and inference, and reify events with the neo-Davidsonian event variable to escape fixed predicate arity. The compositional lambda calculus, quantifier scope, and description logics follow in the companion lesson.\n",{"path":14748,"title":14749,"module":14705,"summary":14750},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fcompositional-semantics-and-description-logics","Compositional Semantics and Description Logics","How do you compute a logical form from a sentence automatically? This lesson builds the compositional machinery: the lambda calculus that assembles a formula from a parse tree one beta-reduction at a time, the quantifier-scope ambiguity a single syntax tree leaves open, and the decidable description logics — TBox, ABox, subsumption, role restrictions — behind the Web Ontology Language, closing with how the map from string to logical form can be learned.\n",{"path":14752,"title":14753,"module":14705,"summary":14754},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fsemantic-parsing","Semantic Parsing","Turning a sentence into a structured, executable meaning, the grammar-based way. We take the logical forms defined earlier and build them compositionally: a rule-based parser that walks a syntax tree applying lambda terms, then Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG), which fuses syntax and semantics so one lexicalized derivation produces both — including supertagging and A* parsing. Learned and neural semantic parsers follow in the companion lesson.\n",{"path":14756,"title":14757,"module":14705,"summary":14758},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fneural-semantic-parsing","Learned and Neural Semantic Parsing","Hand-writing a lexicon of lambda terms does not scale, so this lesson learns the parser instead. We cover the two supervision regimes (from logical forms and from denotations), Abstract Meaning Representation as a rooted concept graph, neural sequence-to-sequence parsing with constrained decoding and copy mechanisms, executable text-to-SQL and knowledge-based question answering, the practical systems that made learned parsers accurate, and how the task is evaluated.\n",{"path":14760,"title":14761,"module":14705,"summary":14762},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Finformation-extraction","Information Extraction","Information extraction turns free text into a database, and the first step is relation extraction: pulling entity-relation-entity triples out of sentences. We cover all five families — hand-built patterns, supervised classifiers, semi-supervised bootstrapping, distant supervision, and unsupervised Open IE — with worked bootstrapping and distant-supervision traces, then the neural and LLM systems that extended them. Times, events, and templates follow in the companion lesson.\n",{"path":14764,"title":14765,"module":14705,"summary":14766},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Ftimes-events-and-templates","Extracting Times, Events, and Templates","Once relation extraction has produced typed triples, the information-extraction pipeline still has to place facts in time and assemble them into records. This lesson detects and normalizes temporal expressions to ISO 8601 values, detects events and orders them on a timeline with the 13 Allen relations, and fills slot-and-filler templates — flat and hierarchical — for stereotyped situations, closing the loop from text to a queryable database.\n",{"path":14768,"title":14769,"module":14705,"summary":14770},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fdiscourse-coherence","Discourse Coherence","A text is more than a set of sentences. What binds a run of sentences into a discourse is coherence, and one of its sources is structured relations between clauses. This lesson develops relational coherence — RST and the PDTB models of coherence relations — and discourse-structure parsing: EDU segmentation and shift-reduce RST parsing, then PDTB relation classification. Entity-based and global coherence follow in the companion lesson.\n",{"path":14772,"title":14773,"module":14705,"summary":14774},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fentity-based-and-global-coherence","Entity-Based and Global Coherence","A text coheres not only through relations between clauses but by staying about the same entities and the same topic, and by obeying the macro-structure of its genre. This lesson develops Centering Theory and the entity grid for entity-based coherence, representation-learning models of local coherence, and global coherence — topic segmentation, narrative and argumentation structure, and scientific discourse — then the neural models that learn each.\n",{"path":14776,"title":14777,"module":14705,"summary":14778},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Fconstituency-grammars","Constituency Grammars","A constituency grammar is the declarative theory of sentence structure that a parser operates on. We build the context-free grammar formalism from its four parts, show how derivations become parse trees, and work through the phrase structure of English — noun phrases, verb phrases and their subcategorization frames, agreement, coordination, and long-distance dependencies. The treebank, normal-form, and lexicalized views follow in the companion lesson.\n",{"path":14780,"title":14781,"module":14705,"summary":14782},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Flinguistic-structure\u002Ftreebanks-and-lexicalized-grammars","Treebanks and Lexicalized Grammars","Where does a grammar come from, and how is it prepared for a parser? We read a context-free grammar off the Penn Treebank, normalize it to Chomsky Normal Form for the CKY chart, then invert the phrase-structure emphasis with lexicalized grammars — Combinatory Categorial Grammar and its slash categories — and close with the grammar's fate in the neural era: span scoring, self-attention, and grammar induction.\n",{"path":14784,"title":14785,"module":13339,"summary":14786},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fapplications\u002Fmachine-translation","Machine Translation","Machine translation is the task that built the modern toolkit: the encoder-decoder was invented for it, attention was invented to fix its fixed-context bottleneck, and both were later folded into the general transformer. We work through why translation is hard (word order, morphology, lexical and structural divergences), the sequence-to-sequence model and its attention mechanism, transformer-based NMT with cross-attention, subword tokenization with a shared vocabulary, beam-search decoding, and evaluation by BLEU and its successors chrF, BERTScore, and COMET — closing on multilingual and low-resource translation and backtranslation.\n",{"path":14788,"title":14789,"module":13339,"summary":14790},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fapplications\u002Fmachine-translation-decoding-and-evaluation","Machine Translation: Decoding, Evaluation, and Scale","Having built the transformer translation model, we now decode from it and measure the output. Beam search turns the decoder's per-step distributions into a single output string; length normalization keeps it from favoring short translations. We then score translations automatically — BLEU with its n-gram precision, clipping, and brevity penalty, worked through by hand, then its successors chrF, BERTScore, and COMET — and close on the parts of MT that scale beyond one language pair: multilingual and low-resource translation, backtranslation, gender bias, and the lineage from the Transformer to massively multilingual models like NLLB-200.\n",{"path":14792,"title":14793,"module":13339,"summary":14794},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fapplications\u002Fquestion-answering","Question Answering","A question-answering system takes a natural-language question and returns an answer, not a ranked list of documents. Almost every modern system is built on one pattern: retrieve then read. We start with the information-retrieval machinery that finds candidate text — tf-idf and BM25 term weighting, a worked ranking example, the inverted index, and dense embedding retrieval — then build the retriever-reader pipeline that extracts an answer span with BERT and trace a full retrieve-and-read example end to end.\n",{"path":14796,"title":14797,"module":13339,"summary":14798},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fapplications\u002Fquestion-answering-knowledge-and-llms","Question Answering: Knowledge Bases and Language Models","The retrieve-and-read pipeline extracts an answer span from prose, but not all knowledge lives in prose. This part covers the rest of the QA stack: entity linking (Wikification) that grounds a question's entities to a knowledge base, knowledge-based QA by semantic parsing a question into an executable query, and the modern default — closed-book QA and retrieval-augmented generation with a large language model — closing on the DPR\u002FRAG\u002Ffusion-in-decoder lineage and how factoid answers are scored by exact match and F1.\n",{"path":14800,"title":14801,"module":13339,"summary":14802},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fapplications\u002Fdialogue-and-chatbots","Dialogue and Chatbots","Conversation is the most natural interface to a machine and one of the hardest to build. We set up what makes human dialogue work — turns, speech acts, grounding, and the local structure of adjacency pairs — then trace the two traditions that answer it: chatbots built to chat (ELIZA's pattern-matching, corpus retrieval, and seq2seq generation with its blandness problem) and task-oriented systems built to get something done (the GUS frame-and-slot architecture and the modern NLU \u002F state-tracker \u002F policy \u002F NLG pipeline that accumulates a frame across turns).\n",{"path":14804,"title":14805,"module":13339,"summary":14806},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fapplications\u002Fdialogue-systems-and-assistants","Dialogue Systems: LLM Assistants, Evaluation, and Design","Two dialogue traditions — chatbots built to chat and task-oriented frame systems built to get something done — met in the aligned LLM assistant. Instruction tuning plus RLHF fold chit-chat and task dialogue into one model; the LaMDA \u002F InstructGPT \u002F ChatGPT lineage fills in how. The lesson then turns to evaluation (human ratings and acute-eval for chatbots, task success and slot error rate for task systems), user-centered design with Wizard-of-Oz prototyping, and the ethical stakes of building agents people talk to.\n",{"path":14808,"title":14809,"module":13339,"summary":14810},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fapplications\u002Ftext-summarization","Text Summarization","Summarization compresses a document to its essential meaning, by either selecting sentences to keep (extractive) or writing new ones (abstractive). This part fixes the task and its flavors — single vs. multi-document, generic vs. query-focused, extractive vs. abstractive — then works through extractive summarization in full: scoring by position and centrality, the TextRank\u002FLexRank graph algorithm run as PageRank over a sentence-similarity graph with a worked iteration, and supervised sentence selection.\n",{"path":14812,"title":14813,"module":13339,"summary":14814},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fapplications\u002Fabstractive-summarization-and-evaluation","Abstractive Summarization and Evaluation","Extractive methods can only reuse the source's own sentences; to compress within a sentence or paraphrase, a summarizer has to generate. This part covers abstractive summarization: the sequence-to-sequence approach, the pointer-generator's copy switch and coverage mechanism, pretrained summarizers (BART, PEGASUS) and zero-shot LLM prompting, the long-document and factuality problems, and ROUGE evaluation with a worked example and its limits — closing on the abstractive lineage from See 2017 through faithfulness metrics.\n",{"path":14816,"title":14817,"module":14818,"summary":14819},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fspeech\u002Fphonetics","Phonetics","Speech","Before a recognizer can read speech it has to know what speech is. This first part covers the linguistic substrate: phones and their transcription in the IPA and ARPAbet; articulatory phonetics — how the vocal tract shapes airflow into consonants and vowels; and prosody — stress, tune, and the F0 contour. The acoustic side — the waveform, its spectrum, formants, and the spectrogram — is the second part.\n",{"path":14821,"title":14822,"module":14818,"summary":14823},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fspeech\u002Facoustic-phonetics","Acoustic Phonetics","Articulation is the cause; the acoustic signal is the effect, and the effect is all a microphone ever gets. This part follows the sound out of the mouth: waves, sampling and the Nyquist limit, F0 and the pitch track, the mel scale, the spectrum and Fourier analysis, the source-filter model that explains why each vowel carries its own formants, and the spectrogram the log-mel front end of every ASR system sits directly on top of — closing with neural TTS, wav2vec, HuBERT, and Whisper, where phonetics went in neural speech.\n",{"path":14825,"title":14826,"module":14818,"summary":14827},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fspeech\u002Fautomatic-speech-recognition","Automatic Speech Recognition","Speech recognition maps an acoustic waveform to a string of words, and once the waveform is turned into a sequence of log-mel spectrogram frames the problem is the same sequence-to-sequence transduction the rest of the course already solved. This first part builds the feature front end (framing, the DFT, the mel filterbank, the log), then the modern architectures: the attention-based encoder-decoder, the CTC alignment trick that collapses repeated and blank frames, and RNN-T for streaming. Training-data advances, evaluation, TTS, and the other speech tasks come next.\n",{"path":14829,"title":14830,"module":14818,"summary":14831},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing\u002Fspeech\u002Fasr-evaluation-and-applications","ASR Evaluation and Speech Applications","A recognizer turns a waveform into text; this part scores that text and puts the same machinery to other uses. It opens with the self-supervised and weakly- supervised systems (wav2vec 2.0, HuBERT, Whisper) that made ASR error rates fall. Word error rate reuses the edit distance from the first module, run over words. Text-to-speech runs the whole pipeline in reverse — text to mel spectrogram to waveform. And a family of smaller tasks — wake-word detection, speaker recognition and diarization, language identification — reuse the same log-mel front end without the decoder.\n",{"path":14833,"title":14834,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Fnatural-language-processing","Natural Language Processing",{"path":14836,"title":14837,"module":10583,"summary":14838},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Ffoundations\u002Fhistorical-overview-particle-zoo","From the Electron to the Particle Zoo","A timeline of the subject, from J. J. Thomson's electron in 1897 to the Higgs boson in 2012. The electron, photon, nucleus, proton, and neutron gave a tidy picture that Yukawa's meson prediction and the muon–pion confusion complicated; strange particles in cosmic rays and the accelerator-era flood of hadrons then produced a \"particle zoo\" that only the quark model organized.\n",{"path":14840,"title":14841,"module":10583,"summary":14842},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Ffoundations\u002Fparticle-physics-basic-concepts","Basic Concepts and Particle Classification","Every particle has an antiparticle of equal mass and opposite charge, a consequence of the Dirac equation confirmed by the positron. Feynman diagrams track interactions in spacetime; the material particles sort into leptons and the composite hadrons built from quarks, with baryons carrying three quarks and mesons a quark-antiquark pair.\n",{"path":14844,"title":14845,"module":10583,"summary":14846},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Ffoundations\u002Ffundamental-interactions-force-carriers","Fundamental Interactions and Force Carriers","Four interactions account for every force in nature: strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational, in decreasing strength. Each is carried by a boson — the gluon, photon, W and Z, and the graviton — with a range fixed by the carrier's mass through the Yukawa relation, and a coupling constant that itself varies with distance.\n",{"path":14848,"title":14849,"module":14850,"summary":14851},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Funits-kinematics\u002Fnatural-units-and-scales","Natural Units and Scales","Units and Kinematics","Setting $\\hbar = c = 1$ collapses mass, momentum, and energy into a single unit, the GeV, and turns lengths and times into inverse energies through the conversion $\\hbar c = 197.3$ MeV·fm. This lesson fixes the natural-unit conventions used for the rest of the course, converts cross sections between barns and GeV$^{-2}$, and shows how to restore factors of $\\hbar$ and $c$ by dimensional analysis.\n",{"path":14853,"title":14854,"module":14850,"summary":14855},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Funits-kinematics\u002Ffour-vectors-invariant-mass","Four-Vectors and Invariant Mass","The energy and momentum of a particle form a four-vector whose square is the frame-independent quantity $p^2 = m^2$. This lesson develops the metric and four-vector products, the invariant mass of a multiparticle system, the center-of-momentum and laboratory frames, and the description of collinear boosts by rapidity, whose additivity replaces the awkward velocity-addition law.\n",{"path":14857,"title":14858,"module":14850,"summary":14859},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Funits-kinematics\u002Fdecay-scattering-kinematics-mandelstam","Decay, Scattering, and Mandelstam Variables","Two-body decay in the rest frame fixes the daughter momenta from the three masses alone; production thresholds follow from the minimum invariant mass. This lesson works both, then introduces the Mandelstam invariants $s$, $t$, $u$ for $2\\to2$ scattering, proves the identity $s+t+u=\\sum m_i^2$, and maps the physical regions and the crossing that relates channels.\n",{"path":14861,"title":14862,"module":14850,"summary":14863},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Funits-kinematics\u002Fcross-sections-golden-rule","Cross Sections and the Golden Rule","The cross section measures how often a scattering happens and the decay width how fast a particle disintegrates. This lesson defines both, relates event rate to luminosity through $R=\\mathcal L\\,\\sigma$ and lifetime to width through $\\tau=\\hbar\u002F\\Gamma$, and states Fermi's golden rule with Lorentz-invariant phase space, giving the master formulas that turn an amplitude $\\mathcal M$ into a measurable rate for $1\\to2$ decay and $2\\to2$ scattering.\n",{"path":14865,"title":14866,"module":14867,"summary":14868},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fsymmetries\u002Fconservation-laws-symmetries","Conservation Laws and Symmetries","Symmetries and Conservation Laws","Which decays occur is decided by conservation laws, each tied by Noether's theorem to a symmetry of physical law. Energy, charge, baryon number, and lepton number are conserved universally; strangeness, isospin, and parity hold in the strong and electromagnetic interactions but break in the weak one, whose parity and CP violation distinguish matter from antimatter.\n",{"path":14870,"title":14871,"module":14867,"summary":14872},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fsymmetries\u002Fdiscrete-symmetries-cpt","Discrete Symmetries — C, P, T, and CPT","Parity reflects space, charge conjugation swaps particle for antiparticle, and time reversal runs the clock backward. Each assigns multiplicative quantum numbers that act as selection rules — intrinsic parities, the photon's C = −1, the C-parity argument fixing the pion's two-photon decay. Their product CPT is a theorem of any local relativistic field theory, forcing particle and antiparticle to share mass and lifetime.\n",{"path":14874,"title":14875,"module":14867,"summary":14876},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fsymmetries\u002Fparity-violation-weak","Parity Violation and the Weak Force","The tau–theta puzzle forced a choice: two particles with identical mass but opposite parity, or one particle whose decay violates parity. Lee and Yang proposed the latter, Wu's polarized cobalt-60 confirmed it, and the violation proved maximal. The charged weak force couples only to left-handed chirality — the Goldhaber experiment showed the neutrino is left-handed — which is why the mirror image of a weak decay is something nature never produces.\n",{"path":14878,"title":14879,"module":14867,"summary":14880},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fsymmetries\u002Fsu2-su3-flavor-symmetry","Isospin, SU(2), and Flavor SU(3)","The near-equal masses of the proton and neutron, and of the three pions, signal a continuous internal symmetry of the strong force: isospin, an SU(2) whose ladder operators move between the members of a multiplet. Adding strangeness enlarges it to an approximate SU(3) flavor symmetry, and the Gell-Mann–Nishijima relation Q = I3 + Y\u002F2 places every hadron on a weight diagram in the isospin–hypercharge plane — the language in which the quark model is written.\n",{"path":14882,"title":14883,"module":14884,"summary":14885},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fquark-model\u002Feightfold-way-su3","The Eightfold Way and SU(3) Flavor","The Quark Model","Gell-Mann and Ne'eman's classification of the hadrons into geometric multiplets, read as representations of an approximate flavor SU(3). The fundamental triplet (u, d, s) and its antitriplet combine into the meson nonet from 3⊗3̄ = 8⊕1 and the baryon octet and decuplet from 3⊗3⊗3, and the empty corner of the decuplet forecast the Ω⁻.\n",{"path":14887,"title":14888,"module":14884,"summary":14889},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fquark-model\u002Fmeson-spectroscopy","Meson Multiplets and Quantum Numbers","Mesons as quark–antiquark bound states. The spin singlet and triplet, orbital excitations, and the assignment of J^PC from the quark spins and orbital angular momentum, giving the pseudoscalar and vector nonets. The η–η' and ω–φ mixing problems, and the charmonium and bottomonium spectra read as heavy-quark positronium.\n",{"path":14891,"title":14892,"module":14884,"summary":14893},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fquark-model\u002Fbaryon-spectroscopy","Baryon Multiplets, Spin, and the Color Puzzle","Baryons as three-quark states, with a wavefunction factored into space, spin, flavor, and color. The spin-3\u002F2 Δ⁺⁺ = uuu forces a totally symmetric state that the Pauli principle forbids, and the resolution is an antisymmetric color factor — the first evidence for color. The octet and decuplet spin content, and baryon magnetic moments as a quantitative test of the model.\n",{"path":14895,"title":14896,"module":14884,"summary":14897},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fquark-model\u002Fcolor-confinement-exotics","Color, Confinement, and Exotic Hadrons","Color as the gauged SU(3) charge, and the requirement that every physical hadron be a color singlet — which selects q-qbar mesons and qqq baryons as the simplest states. The R-ratio of e⁺e⁻ annihilation measures three colors directly. Beyond the simplest singlets lie glueballs, tetraquarks, and pentaquarks, and the recent XYZ states, read as either compact multiquarks or loose hadronic molecules.\n",{"path":14899,"title":14900,"module":14901,"summary":14902},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Frelativistic-wave-equations\u002Fklein-gordon-equation","The Klein-Gordon Equation","Relativistic Wave Equations","Quantizing the relativistic energy relation $E^2 = p^2 + m^2$ produces the Klein-Gordon equation for a scalar field. Its plane-wave solutions come in positive- and negative-energy branches, and the conserved density it supplies is not positive-definite — the two difficulties that first drove physicists to seek a first-order equation. The static Klein-Gordon equation with a point source gives the Yukawa potential, and the free equation gives the scalar propagator that later modules attach to exchanged lines.\n",{"path":14904,"title":14905,"module":14901,"summary":14906},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Frelativistic-wave-equations\u002Fdirac-equation-spinors","The Dirac Equation and Spinors","Dirac demanded a wave equation first order in time to fix the Klein-Gordon density problem. Factorizing $E^2 = p^2 + m^2$ into a linear form forces the coefficients to be anticommuting matrices — the gamma matrices of the Clifford algebra — so the wavefunction becomes a four-component spinor. The plane-wave solutions split into two particle and two antiparticle states, spin appears automatically with the correct $g = 2$ magnetic moment, and the chirality projectors that the weak interaction later needs fall straight out of the fifth gamma matrix.\n",{"path":14908,"title":14909,"module":14901,"summary":14910},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Frelativistic-wave-equations\u002Fantiparticles-hole-theory","Antiparticles and Hole Theory","The negative-energy solutions of the Dirac equation refuse to go away, so they must mean something. Dirac read them as a filled sea of occupied negative-energy states whose holes are positive-energy antiparticles, predicting the positron before its discovery. The picture works for fermions but not bosons, and the Feynman-Stückelberg interpretation replaces it: an antiparticle is a negative-energy solution propagating backward in time, equivalent to a positive-energy antiparticle going forward. Crossing symmetry ties incoming particles to outgoing antiparticles in a single amplitude.\n",{"path":14912,"title":14913,"module":14914,"summary":14915},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fqed\u002Ffeynman-rules-qed","Feynman Rules for QED","Quantum Electrodynamics","Quantum electrodynamics computes a process by summing diagrams, each a term in a power series in the coupling. Every diagram translates into an amplitude by a fixed dictionary: spinors and polarization vectors for external lines, propagators for internal lines, and the vertex factor $ie\\gamma^\\mu$ for each photon-fermion junction. Squaring the amplitude and feeding it to Fermi's golden rule produces a cross section or decay rate, with each extra vertex costing one power of $\\alpha$.\n",{"path":14917,"title":14918,"module":14914,"summary":14919},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fqed\u002Fqed-tree-processes","Tree-Level QED Processes","The Feynman rules become numbers on the reference reactions of QED. Muon pair production $e^+e^-\\to\\mu^+\\mu^-$ sets the scale with its $1+\\cos^2\\theta$ distribution and $4\\pi\\alpha^2\u002F3s$ total cross section, and its ratio to hadron production counts colors. Compton scattering gives the Klein-Nishina formula and the Thomson limit; Bhabha scattering shows $s$- and $t$-channel interference. Casimir's trick turns every spin-averaged square into a trace of gamma matrices.\n",{"path":14921,"title":14922,"module":14914,"summary":14923},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fqed\u002Frenormalization-running-coupling","Renormalization and the Running Coupling","Beyond tree level, QED loops diverge. The three primitive one-loop diagrams — vacuum polarization, electron self-energy, and vertex correction — carry ultraviolet divergences that regularization exposes as logarithms of a cutoff. Renormalization absorbs them into the measured mass, charge, and field normalization, leaving finite predictions. The surviving physical content is that the coupling runs: vacuum polarization screens charge, so $\\alpha$ grows from $1\u002F137$ at low energy to about $1\u002F128$ at the $Z$ mass.\n",{"path":14925,"title":14926,"module":14914,"summary":14927},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fqed\u002Felectron-g-2","The Anomalous Magnetic Moment","The Dirac equation predicts $g=2$; loops shift it. Schwinger's one-loop vertex correction gives the anomaly $a=(g-2)\u002F2=\\alpha\u002F2\\pi$, and the QED series continues to five loops. The electron $a_e$ agrees with theory to better than a part in a billion, the most precise confrontation of theory and experiment in physics. The muon $a_\\mu$, heavier and so more sensitive to virtual heavy states, is dominated by hadronic uncertainty and sits at the center of a long-running comparison with the Standard Model prediction.\n",{"path":14929,"title":14930,"module":14931,"summary":14932},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fweak-interaction\u002Fva-structure-weak","The V–A Charged Weak Current","The Weak Interaction","Fermi modelled beta decay as a four-fermion contact interaction, but a coupling with dimensions of inverse mass squared makes cross sections grow without bound and the theory fails near 300 GeV. The cure is a heavy mediator: the $W$ boson, whose propagator collapses to Fermi's contact term at low energy and fixes $G_F\u002F\\sqrt2 = g^2\u002F8M_W^2$. Parity violation dictates the current's form — vector minus axial-vector, coupling only to left-chiral fields — and universality of the coupling ties muon decay, beta decay, and pion decay to one constant. Pion decay's helicity suppression of the electron channel is the sharpest test.\n",{"path":14934,"title":14935,"module":14931,"summary":14936},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fweak-interaction\u002Fw-z-bosons-decays","The W and Z Bosons","The contact theory hides a massive mediator. The charged $W^\\pm$ carries the current that changes flavour; the neutral $Z^0$ carries a current that does not. Both were found at CERN's proton–antiproton collider in 1983 at the masses the electroweak theory demanded. Their decay widths partition into leptonic and hadronic channels, and the $Z$ carries a decisive extra: an invisible width from decays to neutrinos that counts the number of light generations at exactly three. Beta decay and muon decay are re-read at the parton level as $W$ exchange.\n",{"path":14938,"title":14939,"module":14931,"summary":14940},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fweak-interaction\u002Fckm-matrix","Quark Mixing and the CKM Matrix","The quark eigenstates the weak force acts on are not the mass eigenstates. Cabibbo captured this with one rotation angle; the GIM mechanism added a fourth quark to cancel dangerous flavour-changing neutral currents and predicted charm before its discovery. Three generations promote the rotation to the unitary Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix — three angles and one irreducible complex phase, the sole source of Standard-Model CP violation. The Wolfenstein parametrization exposes its steep hierarchy, and unitarity closes into a triangle whose area measures the phase.\n",{"path":14942,"title":14943,"module":14931,"summary":14944},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fweak-interaction\u002Fcp-violation-kaons-b-mesons","CP Violation in Kaons and B Mesons","The neutral kaon is its own laboratory for CP. Weak box diagrams mix $K^0$ and its antiparticle into short- and long-lived states that should be pure CP eigenstates decaying to two and three pions. In 1964 Cronin and Fitch caught the long-lived kaon decaying to two pions — CP is violated, at the two-per-mille level of $\\epsilon$. Direct violation ($\\epsilon'$) followed, and the $B$ factories turned the CKM phase into a large, clean time-dependent asymmetry measuring $\\sin 2\\beta$. The effect is real but far too small to explain why the universe is made of matter.\n",{"path":14946,"title":14947,"module":14948,"summary":14949},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fqcd\u002Fcolor-su3-gluons","Color SU(3), Gluons, and the QCD Lagrangian","Quantum Chromodynamics","Color is the exact gauged SU(3) charge of the strong force. Gauging it forces eight massless gluons in the adjoint representation and, because the gauge group is non-abelian, three- and four-gluon self-couplings absent from QED. This lesson builds the QCD Lagrangian from the covariant derivative and the non-abelian field strength, states the Feynman rules with their color factors, and computes the Casimir invariants that set the strength of quark-gluon and gluon-gluon coupling.\n",{"path":14951,"title":14952,"module":14948,"summary":14953},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fqcd\u002Fasymptotic-freedom-confinement","Asymptotic Freedom and Confinement","The QCD beta function is negative: gluon self-interaction antiscreens color, so the coupling weakens at short distance (asymptotic freedom) and strengthens at long distance (confinement). This lesson computes the one-loop beta coefficient, solves for the running of alpha_s and the emergent scale Lambda_QCD, and reads the strong-coupling regime as the linear quark-antiquark potential of a color flux tube that breaks by pair creation.\n",{"path":14955,"title":14956,"module":14948,"summary":14957},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fqcd\u002Fdeep-inelastic-scattering-partons","Deep Inelastic Scattering and the Parton Model","Scattering electrons hard off a proton resolves pointlike constituents. This lesson sets up the deep-inelastic kinematics, defines the structure functions F1 and F2, and reads Bjorken scaling as the signature of free spin-half partons. The Callan-Gross relation fixes the parton spin, the structure function becomes a charge-weighted sum of parton distributions, and the slow logarithmic scaling violations expose the gluon through DGLAP evolution.\n",{"path":14959,"title":14960,"module":14948,"summary":14961},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fqcd\u002Fjets-hadronization","Jets, Hadronization, and Testing QCD","Quarks and gluons produced in a collision fragment into collimated sprays of hadrons — jets — whose directions track the underlying partons. This lesson reads two-jet events as the quark and antiquark of electron-positron annihilation, three-jet events as direct evidence of the radiated gluon, and the hadronization step as the flux tube breaking into color singlets. Jet algorithms and event-shape variables turn the pattern into precision measurements of alpha_s.\n",{"path":14963,"title":14964,"module":14965,"summary":14966},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Felectroweak-higgs\u002Felectroweak-su2-u1","The Electroweak Theory","Electroweak Unification and the Higgs","The electromagnetic and weak interactions are two faces of a single gauge theory built on $SU(2)_L \\times U(1)_Y$. Left-handed fermions sit in weak-isospin doublets and right-handed fermions in singlets, each carrying a hypercharge fixed by the Gell-Mann–Nishijima relation $Q = T_3 + Y\u002F2$. The four gauge fields $W^{1,2,3}$ and $B$ mix: the charged combinations $W^\\pm$ mediate the charged current, while $W^3$ and $B$ rotate through the Weinberg angle into the massless photon and the massive $Z$. The single angle $\\theta_W$ ties the couplings, the boson masses, and the neutral-current strengths together.\n",{"path":14968,"title":14969,"module":14965,"summary":14970},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Felectroweak-higgs\u002Fspontaneous-symmetry-breaking","Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking","A symmetry of the Lagrangian need not be a symmetry of the ground state. When the lowest-energy configuration sits away from the symmetric point, the symmetry is spontaneously broken and the vacuum is one of a degenerate family. Breaking a continuous global symmetry produces one massless scalar — a Goldstone boson — for every broken generator, the flat direction along the vacuum manifold. The Mexican-hat potential and the ferromagnet below its Curie point are the working pictures.\n",{"path":14972,"title":14973,"module":14965,"summary":14974},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Felectroweak-higgs\u002Fhiggs-mechanism","The Higgs Mechanism","Gauging a spontaneously broken symmetry converts the would-be Goldstone bosons into the longitudinal polarizations of the gauge fields, which thereby acquire mass. Applied to $SU(2)_L \\times U(1)_Y$ with a single Higgs doublet, three of the four scalar degrees of freedom are eaten by the $W^\\pm$ and $Z$; the fourth survives as the physical Higgs boson, and the photon stays massless. Fermion masses come from Yukawa couplings to the same field, each mass proportional to its coupling times the vacuum expectation value $v \\approx 246$ GeV.\n",{"path":14976,"title":14977,"module":14965,"summary":14978},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Felectroweak-higgs\u002Fhiggs-boson-discovery","The Higgs Boson","The Higgs boson is produced at the LHC chiefly through gluon fusion, with vector-boson fusion and associated production as cleaner but rarer channels. It decays most often to $b\\bar b$ and $WW^\\ast$, but the discovery rested on two rare clean modes, $H \\to \\gamma\\gamma$ and $H \\to ZZ^\\ast \\to 4\\ell$, whose narrow invariant-mass peaks emerged over smooth backgrounds. ATLAS and CMS announced a boson near 125 GeV in 2012; its measured spin-parity $0^+$ and its couplings, which scale with particle mass, identify it as the Standard Model Higgs.\n",{"path":14980,"title":14981,"module":14965,"summary":14982},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Felectroweak-higgs\u002Fstandard-model","The Standard Model","The Standard Model combines the quark model, quantum chromodynamics, and the electroweak theory. SU(3) symmetry sorts the hadrons and predicted the omega; color explains why only colorless quark combinations exist; QCD gives asymptotic freedom and confinement; and spontaneous symmetry breaking through the Higgs field gives the weak bosons their mass.\n",{"path":14984,"title":14985,"module":14986,"summary":14987},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fneutrinos\u002Fneutrino-oscillations","Neutrino Oscillations","Neutrino Physics","Neutrinos are produced and detected in flavour states, but they propagate as mass states, and the two bases are misaligned. A flavour therefore evolves coherently into a superposition of other flavours with a probability set by the mass-squared splitting and the ratio L\u002FE. This lesson derives the two-flavour oscillation formula, applies it to the solar and atmospheric neutrino deficits, shows how the SNO neutral-current measurement resolved the solar problem, and works out the MSW resonance that amplifies mixing inside the Sun.\n",{"path":14989,"title":14990,"module":14986,"summary":14991},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fneutrinos\u002Fneutrino-mass-pmns","Neutrino Mass and the PMNS Matrix","Three-flavour mixing promotes the single oscillation angle to the unitary Pontecorvo–Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata matrix, parametrised by three angles and a Dirac CP phase. This lesson decomposes the PMNS matrix into three rotations, records the measured angles and mass-squared splittings, lays out the normal and inverted mass orderings, contrasts the large leptonic mixing with the near-diagonal CKM matrix, and collects the absolute-mass bounds from beta decay and cosmology.\n",{"path":14993,"title":14994,"module":14986,"summary":14995},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fneutrinos\u002Fdirac-majorana-experiments","Dirac, Majorana, and Neutrino Experiments","A neutral fermion can carry a mass term forbidden to every charged particle, so the neutrino may be its own antiparticle. This lesson contrasts the Dirac and Majorana mass terms and their state content, derives the seesaw mechanism that ties a tiny light mass to a heavy right-handed partner, presents neutrinoless double-beta decay as the decisive lepton-number test, surveys the reactor, accelerator, solar, and atmospheric sources on a baseline–energy map, and explains why neutrino mass is physics beyond the original Standard Model.\n",{"path":14997,"title":14998,"module":14999,"summary":15000},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fexperiment\u002Faccelerators-luminosity","Accelerators, Colliders, and Luminosity","Accelerators and Detectors","Fixed-target machines waste energy in the center-of-mass motion of the whole system, so the reachable $\\sqrt s$ grows only as the square root of the beam energy, while colliders put the full beam energy into the collision. Circular electron machines are limited by synchrotron radiation scaling as $E^4\u002Fm^4R$; proton machines are limited by bending fields. Luminosity, set by beam current and focusing, converts a cross section into an event rate through $R=\\mathcal L\\,\\sigma$, and integrated luminosity sets the total event count.\n",{"path":15002,"title":15003,"module":14999,"summary":15004},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fexperiment\u002Fdetectors-subsystems","Particle Detectors and Subsystems","A detector reads a collision by the energy particles deposit as they cross matter. Charged particles ionize at the Bethe-Bloch rate, radiate in the field of nuclei above a critical energy, and emit Cherenkov light above a velocity threshold; electrons and photons build electromagnetic showers over a radiation length, and hadrons build wider showers over a nuclear interaction length. The onion of tracker, electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters, and outer muon chambers turns these processes into momentum, energy, and identity, with neutrinos inferred from missing transverse momentum.\n",{"path":15006,"title":15007,"module":14999,"summary":15008},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fexperiment\u002Fhow-discoveries-are-made","From Collisions to Discoveries","A discovery is a peak that survives statistics. Events are reconstructed into invariant masses, a signal accumulates as a bump over a smooth background, and its significance is judged by a p-value; the field's threshold is five sigma. The expected yield is a product — luminosity times cross section times branching ratio times acceptance and efficiency — that must be balanced by a trigger and data-reduction chain against an overwhelming rate. Worked reconstructions of $Z\\to\\ell\\ell$, the $J\u002F\\psi$, and the Higgs show the same peak-over-background logic at three scales.\n",{"path":15010,"title":15011,"module":15011,"summary":15012},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fbeyond-standard-model\u002Fbeyond-standard-model","Beyond the Standard Model","The Standard Model leaves the four interactions ununified and the neutrinos massless, both now known to be wrong. Grand unification predicts the couplings merge near ten-to-the-sixteen GeV and the proton decays; supersymmetry pairs each particle with a superpartner; and the confirmed oscillation of neutrinos proves they carry mass, the first crack in the model.\n",{"path":15014,"title":15015,"module":15011,"summary":15016},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fbeyond-standard-model\u002Fgrand-unified-theories","Grand Unified Theories and Proton Decay","The Standard Model gauge group is a product of three factors with three independent couplings. A grand unified theory embeds them in a single simple group — SU(5) is the minimal choice — so that one coupling runs into all three and the fractional quark charges follow from a tracelessness condition. The same embedding places quarks and leptons in shared multiplets, mediates baryon-number violation through superheavy gauge bosons, and predicts the proton decays with a lifetime that Super-Kamiokande has pushed past ten-to-the-thirty-four years.\n",{"path":15018,"title":15019,"module":15011,"summary":15020},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fbeyond-standard-model\u002Fsupersymmetry","Supersymmetry","Supersymmetry relates fermions and bosons, pairing every Standard Model particle with a superpartner whose spin differs by one half. The pairing makes the scalar and fermion loop corrections to the Higgs mass cancel, removing the quadratic sensitivity to high scales; it sharpens the meeting of the three gauge couplings; and, when R-parity is conserved, it leaves the lightest superpartner stable and neutral, a natural dark-matter candidate. The LHC has excluded gluinos and light squarks below roughly two TeV.\n",{"path":15022,"title":15023,"module":15011,"summary":15024},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fbeyond-standard-model\u002Fhierarchy-problem-naturalness","The Hierarchy Problem and Naturalness","The electroweak scale sits sixteen orders of magnitude below the Planck scale, and nothing in the Standard Model protects that gap. The Higgs mass squared picks up quadratic corrections proportional to the highest scale in the theory, so keeping it at the observed value requires the bare mass and its counterterm to cancel to some thirty significant figures. Naturalness treats that cancellation as a symptom of missing physics. Supersymmetry, compositeness, and extra dimensions each remove the quadratic sensitivity, but the LHC has found none of them at the predicted scale.\n",{"path":15026,"title":15027,"module":15011,"summary":15028},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fbeyond-standard-model\u002Fdark-matter-candidates","Dark Matter and Particle Candidates","Flat galactic rotation curves, gravitational lensing, the cosmic microwave background, and structure formation all require about five times more matter than the visible baryons, none of it interacting electromagnetically. A stable weakly interacting particle of roughly weak-scale mass freezes out of the early universe with close to the observed abundance — the WIMP miracle — and is the leading candidate, with axions and sterile neutrinos as alternatives. Direct, indirect, and collider searches have so far only tightened the limits.\n",{"path":15030,"title":15031,"module":15011,"summary":15032},"\u002Fparticle-physics\u002Fbeyond-standard-model\u002Fmatter-antimatter-open-questions","Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry and Open Questions","The universe is made of matter, with about one extra baryon for every billion photons and no antimatter regions. Sakharov identified the three conditions any dynamical explanation must meet: baryon-number violation, C and CP violation, and a departure from thermal equilibrium. The Standard Model contains all three in principle, but its CP violation falls short by some ten orders of magnitude, so baryogenesis requires new physics — leptogenesis being the leading route. A closing survey collects the open questions and the experiments aimed at them.\n",{"path":15034,"title":15035,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Fparticle-physics","Particle Physics",{"path":15037,"title":15038,"module":15039,"summary":15040},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Forientation\u002Fthe-sun-and-stars","The Sun and the Life of Stars","Orientation","The Sun is the one star close enough to study in detail: its luminosity fixes a surface temperature of 5780 K, and the proton-proton fusion cycle in its 1.5-million-kelvin core supplies its power. Measuring other stars needs the magnitude scale, parallax, and the distance ladder; plotting luminosity against temperature builds the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, on which a star's mass sets its lifetime and its evolutionary track off the main sequence.\n",{"path":15042,"title":15043,"module":15039,"summary":15044},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Forientation\u002Fstellar-death-final-states","Cataclysmic Events and the Final States of Stars","A star's death is set by its mass. In close binaries, matter poured across the Roche lobe onto a white dwarf produces novae and, at the Chandrasekhar limit of 1.4 solar masses, a Type Ia supernova; a massive star fusing to an iron core collapses into a Type II supernova. The remnant is a white dwarf held by electron degeneracy, a neutron star held by neutron degeneracy, or, above the neutron-star limit, a black hole inside its Schwarzschild radius.\n",{"path":15046,"title":15047,"module":15039,"summary":15048},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Forientation\u002Fgalaxies-and-cosmology","Galaxies, Cosmology, and the Evolving Universe","Galaxies come in elliptical, spiral, and irregular forms, and their redshifts obey Hubble's law, evidence that space itself is expanding. The critical density and the density parameter decide whether the universe is open, flat, or closed; baryons, dark matter, and dark energy each contribute. The cosmic microwave background and primordial helium anchor the Big Bang, whose thermal history runs from inflation through nucleosynthesis to the atoms of today.\n",{"path":15050,"title":15051,"module":15052,"summary":15053},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fobservational-foundations\u002Fmagnitudes-fluxes-and-the-distance-modulus","Magnitudes, Fluxes, and the Distance Modulus","Observational Foundations","The brightness of a star reaches us as a radiant flux that falls off as the inverse square of distance. The magnitude scale encodes flux logarithmically through the Pogson ratio; the apparent and absolute magnitudes differ by the distance modulus, which converts a measured brightness into a distance. The bolometric correction folds a filtered magnitude into a total luminosity, and the difference of two magnitudes in different bands, the color index, measures surface temperature.\n",{"path":15055,"title":15056,"module":15052,"summary":15057},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fobservational-foundations\u002Fstellar-spectra-and-spectral-classification","Stellar Spectra and Spectral Classification","A stellar spectrum is a continuum crossed by absorption lines whose strengths are set by the temperature of the atmosphere. The Boltzmann factor governs how atoms populate excited states, and the Saha equation governs how they ionize; their product explains why each line, such as the hydrogen Balmer series, peaks in strength at a characteristic temperature. This behavior orders stars into the OBAFGKM sequence, and the luminosity classes of the MK system add a second dimension for surface gravity.\n",{"path":15059,"title":15060,"module":15052,"summary":15061},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fobservational-foundations\u002Ftelescopes-and-detectors-across-the-spectrum","Telescopes and Detectors Across the Spectrum","A telescope collects light in proportion to its collecting area and resolves detail down to the diffraction limit set by its aperture and the observing wavelength. The atmosphere blurs and blocks large parts of the spectrum, which drives the choice between ground and space and between refractors, reflectors, and radio dishes. CCDs record the light with high quantum efficiency, and interferometry synthesizes an aperture as large as the separation of two telescopes.\n",{"path":15063,"title":15064,"module":15052,"summary":15065},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fobservational-foundations\u002Fthe-cosmic-distance-ladder","The Cosmic Distance Ladder","No single method measures distances from the nearest stars to the far reaches of the universe. Instead a ladder of overlapping techniques, each calibrated by the one below it, extends the scale rung by rung: trigonometric parallax, main-sequence fitting, pulsating variables, the tip of the red-giant branch, the Tully-Fisher relation, and Type Ia supernovae. Each rung inherits the uncertainty of every rung beneath it, so the whole chain sets the accuracy of the Hubble constant.\n",{"path":15067,"title":15068,"module":15069,"summary":15070},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fradiation-and-matter\u002Fblackbody-radiation-and-specific-intensity","Blackbody Radiation and Specific Intensity","Radiation and Matter","Specific intensity is the fundamental measure of a radiation field: energy per unit area, time, frequency, and solid angle. It is conserved along a ray in empty space, and its angular moments give the mean intensity, flux, and radiation pressure. In thermal equilibrium the intensity equals the Planck function, whose limits and integrals reproduce the Rayleigh-Jeans law, the Wien law, Stefan-Boltzmann, and Wien's displacement law.\n",{"path":15072,"title":15073,"module":15069,"summary":15074},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fradiation-and-matter\u002Fradiative-transfer-and-the-transfer-equation","Radiative Transfer and the Transfer Equation","Along a ray, matter adds intensity through emission and removes it through absorption. Measuring path length in optical depth turns this into the transfer equation, whose formal solution superposes an attenuated background on the source function integrated along the line of sight. In local thermodynamic equilibrium the source function is the Planck function, and the Eddington-Barbier relation shows that the emergent intensity samples the source function at optical depth of order unity, explaining absorption lines and solar limb darkening.\n",{"path":15076,"title":15077,"module":15069,"summary":15078},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fradiation-and-matter\u002Fspectral-line-formation-and-broadening","Spectral-Line Formation and Broadening","A spectral line is a bound-bound transition whose strength is set by an oscillator strength and whose shape is set by three broadening mechanisms: the Lorentzian natural and collisional wings, the Gaussian thermal Doppler core, and their Voigt convolution. Equivalent width measures the total absorption, and the curve of growth relates it to the number of absorbers through a linear, saturated, and damping regime, turning line strengths into abundances.\n",{"path":15080,"title":15081,"module":15069,"summary":15082},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fradiation-and-matter\u002Fopacity-and-the-rosseland-mean","Opacity Sources and the Rosseland Mean","Stellar opacity comes from four processes: bound-bound line absorption, bound-free photoionization, free-free absorption, and electron scattering. The bound-free and free-free terms follow a Kramers law, electron scattering sets a frequency-flat floor, and the negative hydrogen ion dominates cool photospheres. The Rosseland mean averages these harmonically, weighting transparent frequencies because they carry the flux, and its value fixes the radiative temperature gradient and decides where a star becomes convective.\n",{"path":15084,"title":15085,"module":15086,"summary":15087},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-structure\u002Fhydrostatic-equilibrium-and-the-virial-theorem","Hydrostatic Equilibrium and the Virial Theorem","Stellar Structure","A star holds itself up by balancing the inward pull of gravity against an outward pressure gradient. This balance, hydrostatic equilibrium, fixes a lower bound on the central pressure and, combined with the gravitational potential energy, yields the virial theorem. The virial relation gives a star a negative heat capacity, so that losing energy makes it hotter, and sets the Kelvin-Helmholtz timescale over which contraction alone can power the Sun.\n",{"path":15089,"title":15090,"module":15086,"summary":15091},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-structure\u002Fthe-equations-of-stellar-structure","The Equations of Stellar Structure","A static star is described by four coupled first-order differential equations in the interior mass or radius: mass conservation, hydrostatic equilibrium, energy generation, and energy transport. Closed with an equation of state, opacity, and reaction rates, and subject to central and surface boundary conditions, they determine the structure uniquely from mass and composition, the Vogt-Russell theorem. Energy moves by radiation until the temperature gradient exceeds the Schwarzschild limit, where convection takes over.\n",{"path":15093,"title":15094,"module":15086,"summary":15095},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-structure\u002Fthe-equation-of-state-and-polytropes","The Equation of State and Polytropes","Stellar pressure comes from gas, radiation, and, at high density, degenerate electrons. When pressure depends on density as a power law, hydrostatic equilibrium reduces to the Lane-Emden equation, whose solutions describe polytropes of index n. The relativistic degenerate case, n equal to three, gives a mass independent of radius, the Chandrasekhar mass. Eddington's standard model treats a radiation-supported star as an n equal to three polytrope and yields the quartic relating radiation fraction to mass.\n",{"path":15097,"title":15098,"module":15086,"summary":15099},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-structure\u002Fthe-standard-solar-model","The Standard Solar Model","The standard solar model integrates the structure equations for one solar mass and calibrates the composition and convection parameter to reproduce the Sun's observed luminosity, radius, and age. Helioseismology tests the model's sound speed through the Sun's acoustic p-mode oscillations, and the model predicts a neutrino flux by production channel. The measured deficit, the solar-neutrino problem, is resolved by matter-enhanced flavor oscillation, confirmed when SNO measured the total flux across all flavors.\n",{"path":15101,"title":15102,"module":15103,"summary":15104},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fnuclear-astrophysics\u002Fthermonuclear-reaction-rates-and-the-gamow-peak","Thermonuclear Reaction Rates and the Gamow Peak","Nuclear Astrophysics","Stellar fusion proceeds only by quantum tunneling through the Coulomb barrier, because thermal energies are a thousand times smaller than the barrier height. The reaction rate is an integral over the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution and the tunneling probability, whose product is sharply peaked at the Gamow energy. The astrophysical S-factor isolates the nuclear physics from the barrier penetration, and the steep temperature dependence follows from the width and position of the Gamow peak.\n",{"path":15106,"title":15107,"module":15103,"summary":15108},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fnuclear-astrophysics\u002Fhydrogen-burning-pp-chains-and-cno","Hydrogen Burning: pp Chains and the CNO Cycle","Four protons fuse into one helium-4 nucleus, releasing 26.7 MeV, through two competing networks. The pp chain begins with a weak-interaction bottleneck and branches three ways; the CNO cycle uses carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen as catalysts and is limited by nitrogen-14 proton capture. Their steep and gentle temperature dependences cross near 1.8e7 K, which divides pp-powered lower-main-sequence stars from CNO-powered upper-main-sequence stars.\n",{"path":15110,"title":15111,"module":15103,"summary":15112},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fnuclear-astrophysics\u002Fhelium-burning-and-the-triple-alpha-process","Helium Burning and the Triple-Alpha Process","Helium fuses to carbon in two steps through the unbound beryllium-8 nucleus and a resonant excited state of carbon-12, the Hoyle state, whose existence was predicted from the observed carbon abundance. The rate scales as roughly the fortieth power of temperature, and in a degenerate low-mass core this drives the runaway helium flash. A competing alpha capture on carbon-12 sets the carbon-to-oxygen ratio and the composition of the resulting white dwarf.\n",{"path":15114,"title":15115,"module":15103,"summary":15116},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fnuclear-astrophysics\u002Fadvanced-burning-and-neutron-capture-nucleosynthesis","Advanced Burning, the Iron Peak, and the s\u002Fr Processes","Massive stars burn carbon, neon, oxygen, and silicon in ever-shorter stages, building an onion-shell interior and reaching nuclear statistical equilibrium at the iron peak, where the binding-energy-per-nucleon curve turns over and fusion can release no more energy. Elements beyond iron form by neutron capture: the slow s-process in AGB stars tracks the valley of stability, while the rapid r-process in supernovae and neutron-star mergers builds the heaviest nuclei far from it.\n",{"path":15118,"title":15119,"module":15120,"summary":15121},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fism-and-star-formation\u002Fphases-of-the-interstellar-medium","The Phases of the Interstellar Medium","The Interstellar Medium","The gas between the stars separates into distinct thermal phases, from cold molecular clouds at 10 K to a diffuse million-degree corona, held near a common pressure by a balance of photoelectric heating and radiative cooling. Neutral hydrogen is traced by the 21-cm hyperfine line, dust reddens and extinguishes starlight along a characteristic wavelength law, and the ultraviolet output of hot stars carves ionized Strömgren spheres out of the surrounding gas.\n",{"path":15123,"title":15124,"module":15120,"summary":15125},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fism-and-star-formation\u002Fmolecular-clouds-and-gravitational-collapse","Molecular Clouds and Gravitational Collapse","Stars form in cold, dense molecular clouds when self-gravity overcomes thermal and magnetic support. The virial theorem fixes the Jeans mass and length at which a clump becomes unstable, the free-fall time sets how fast it collapses, and a fragmentation cascade — cut off at a minimum mass by the onset of opacity — turns one cloud into a whole cluster, imprinting the stellar initial mass function.\n",{"path":15127,"title":15128,"module":15120,"summary":15129},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fism-and-star-formation\u002Fprotostars-and-the-pre-main-sequence","Protostars and Pre-Main-Sequence Evolution","A collapsing core becomes optically thick and forms a protostar that grows by accretion through a disk while driving bipolar outflows. The newborn star appears on the birthline and contracts down the fully convective Hayashi track, then crosses the radiative Henyey track to the zero-age main sequence, powered by gravitational contraction until hydrogen ignites. Below about 0.08 solar masses degeneracy halts contraction before ignition, dividing stars from brown dwarfs.\n",{"path":15131,"title":15132,"module":15133,"summary":15134},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-evolution\u002Fthe-main-sequence-and-its-structure","The Main Sequence and Its Structure","Stellar Evolution","A star settles onto the zero-age main sequence when core hydrogen ignition halts contraction. Homology scaling of the structure equations reproduces the mass–luminosity relation, and the burning mode splits the sequence into an upper branch with a convective core and a lower branch with a convective envelope. The main-sequence lifetime falls steeply with mass, and the turnoff of a coeval cluster serves as a clock.\n",{"path":15136,"title":15137,"module":15133,"summary":15138},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-evolution\u002Fpost-main-sequence-low-mass-evolution","Post-Main-Sequence Evolution of Low-Mass Stars","When a low-mass star exhausts core hydrogen, burning moves to a shell, the core contracts, and the envelope swells into a red giant. A degenerate helium core ignites in a flash, settles onto the horizontal branch, and after a second contraction the star climbs the asymptotic giant branch with two burning shells. Thermal pulses and dredge-up enrich the surface, and mass loss ejects a planetary nebula, leaving a carbon–oxygen white dwarf.\n",{"path":15140,"title":15141,"module":15133,"summary":15142},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-evolution\u002Fthe-evolution-of-massive-stars","The Evolution of Massive Stars","Stars above about eight solar masses burn through hydrogen, helium, carbon, neon, oxygen, and silicon in stages that grow shorter as neutrino losses accelerate contraction. The interior becomes an onion of concentric burning shells around an inert iron core. Radiation pressure near the Eddington limit drives fierce winds that can strip the hydrogen envelope entirely, and silicon burning builds an iron core toward the threshold of collapse.\n",{"path":15144,"title":15145,"module":15133,"summary":15146},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-evolution\u002Fstellar-pulsation-and-the-instability-strip","Stellar Pulsation and the Instability Strip","Radial pulsation is a standing sound wave whose period scales inversely with the square root of the mean density. The kappa mechanism, an opacity valve seated in the helium partial-ionization zone, turns a star into a heat engine that pumps the oscillation. Stars in the instability strip pulsate as Cepheids, RR Lyrae, and Mira variables, and the Cepheid period–luminosity relation calibrates the distance ladder.\n",{"path":15148,"title":13572,"module":15149,"summary":15150},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-death-and-compact-remnants\u002Fwhite-dwarfs-and-the-chandrasekhar-limit","Stellar Death and Compact Remnants","A white dwarf is held up by the degeneracy pressure of its electrons, a quantum-mechanical stiffness that survives to zero temperature. Filling the Fermi sea sets a pressure that scales as density to the five-thirds power when the electrons are slow and only four-thirds when they are relativistic. The softer relativistic law produces the inverted mass-radius relation and a maximum mass, the Chandrasekhar limit near 1.4 solar masses, above which no cold equilibrium exists. Cooling and crystallization then turn the white-dwarf population into a clock for the Galactic disk.\n",{"path":15152,"title":15153,"module":15149,"summary":15154},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-death-and-compact-remnants\u002Fcore-collapse-supernovae","Core-Collapse Supernovae","When a massive star builds an iron core past the Chandrasekhar mass, degeneracy fails and the core collapses in less than a second. Photodisintegration and electron capture remove pressure support and neutronize the matter; the collapse halts abruptly at nuclear density, launching a shock that stalls and is revived by neutrino heating. The event is a Type II or stripped-envelope Ib\u002FIc supernova, and the neutrinos from SN 1987A confirmed the picture directly.\n",{"path":15156,"title":15157,"module":15149,"summary":15158},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-death-and-compact-remnants\u002Fthermonuclear-supernovae-type-ia","Thermonuclear Supernovae","A carbon-oxygen white dwarf driven toward the Chandrasekhar mass ignites its degenerate fuel and unbinds itself in a thermonuclear runaway, the Type Ia supernova. The light curve is powered by the radioactive decay of nickel-56 to cobalt-56 to iron-56, and the Phillips relation between peak brightness and decline rate makes these events standardizable candles. Their near-uniform luminosity turns them into the distance indicators that revealed cosmic acceleration.\n",{"path":15160,"title":15161,"module":15149,"summary":15162},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-death-and-compact-remnants\u002Fneutron-stars-and-pulsars","Neutron Stars and Pulsars","A neutron star is held up by neutron degeneracy and the repulsive nuclear force, with a maximum mass, the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit, set by an uncertain dense-matter equation of state. Its rotating magnetic dipole sweeps a beam past Earth as a pulsar, and magnetic braking traces a track across the period-period- derivative diagram. Millisecond pulsars, magnetars, glitches, and the orbital decay of the Hulse-Taylor binary follow from the same structure.\n",{"path":15164,"title":15165,"module":15149,"summary":15166},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fstellar-death-and-compact-remnants\u002Fblack-holes-schwarzschild-and-kerr","Black Holes, Schwarzschild and Kerr","Above the neutron-star mass limit gravity wins completely and the remnant is a black hole. The Schwarzschild solution gives the event horizon, gravitational redshift, and time dilation; the innermost stable circular orbit sets the efficiency of accretion. Rotating Kerr black holes drag spacetime and carry an ergosphere. Stellar-mass black holes are found in X-ray binaries, and the Event Horizon Telescope has imaged the shadow of a supermassive one.\n",{"path":15168,"title":15169,"module":15170,"summary":15171},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fbinaries-and-gravitational-waves\u002Fbinary-systems-and-mass-transfer","Binary Systems and Mass Transfer","Binaries and Gravitational Waves","Most stars are born in pairs, and a binary is the only setting where a stellar mass can be measured directly. Visual, spectroscopic, and eclipsing binaries each expose a different combination of the orbital elements, and together they calibrate the mass-luminosity relation. When one star swells to fill its Roche lobe, gas streams through the inner Lagrange point onto its companion. Conservative transfer widens or shrinks the orbit depending on the mass ratio, and the sign of that response explains the Algol paradox.\n",{"path":15173,"title":15174,"module":15170,"summary":15175},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fbinaries-and-gravitational-waves\u002Faccreting-compact-objects","Accreting Compact Objects","Gas falling onto a compact object converts gravitational binding energy into radiation with an efficiency set by the depth of the potential well, up to tens of percent of the rest mass for a neutron star or black hole. Angular momentum forces the flow into a disk, and viscous dissipation gives a temperature profile that falls as radius to the minus three-quarters, producing a multicolor blackbody spectrum. Radiation pressure caps the steady luminosity at the Eddington limit. Unstable nuclear burning of the accreted fuel powers classical novae on white dwarfs and Type I X-ray bursts on neutron stars.\n",{"path":15177,"title":15178,"module":15170,"summary":15179},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fbinaries-and-gravitational-waves\u002Fgravitational-waves-from-inspiraling-binaries","Gravitational Waves from Inspiraling Binaries","A time-varying mass quadrupole radiates gravitational waves, ripples in spacetime that stretch and squeeze a ring of free masses along two polarizations. The radiated power drains a binary's orbital energy, shrinking the orbit and sweeping the wave frequency upward in a chirp whose rate fixes the chirp mass. Laser interferometers with kilometre arms measure the resulting strain of order ten to the minus twenty-one. The first detection, GW150914, matched a template for two merging black holes near thirty solar masses each.\n",{"path":15181,"title":15182,"module":15170,"summary":15183},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fbinaries-and-gravitational-waves\u002Fmultimessenger-astronomy-and-gamma-ray-bursts","Multimessenger Astronomy and Gamma-Ray Bursts","Gamma-ray bursts split into two populations: long bursts from the collapse of massive stars and short bursts from merging compact objects. The compactness problem forces the emitting plasma to move at ultra-relativistic speed, beaming the radiation into a narrow jet. The neutron-star merger GW170817 tied a gravitational chirp to a short gamma-ray burst, a radioactive kilonova, and a broadband afterglow, confirming that mergers forge r-process elements. A merger with a measured redshift is a standard siren that reads the Hubble constant from gravitational data alone.\n",{"path":15185,"title":15186,"module":15187,"summary":15188},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fgalaxies\u002Fthe-milky-way","The Milky Way Galaxy","Galaxies and Dark Matter","The Galaxy resolves into a thin disk of gas and young stars, a central bar and bulge, and a diffuse old halo studded with globular clusters. Star counts and the reddening of distant light map these components, while the differential rotation of the disk — encoded in the Oort constants and the flat rotation curve — measures the enclosed mass and reveals more than the stars can account for. Spiral arms are density waves, not material structures, and the innermost stellar orbits around Sgr A* weigh a four-million-solar-mass black hole.\n",{"path":15190,"title":15191,"module":15187,"summary":15192},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fgalaxies\u002Fgalaxy-morphology-and-classification","Galaxy Morphology and Classification","Galaxies sort along the Hubble tuning fork from smooth ellipticals through lenticulars to grand-design and barred spirals, with irregulars off the end. The light of a spheroid follows the de Vaucouleurs quarter-power law while a disk fades exponentially, and the general Sérsic profile interpolates between them. Virial scaling relations — Tully–Fisher for disks, Faber–Jackson and the fundamental plane for spheroids — tie luminosity to internal motions, and the Schechter function fixes the abundance of galaxies as a function of luminosity.\n",{"path":15194,"title":15195,"module":15187,"summary":15196},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fgalaxies\u002Fgalaxy-rotation-curves-and-dark-matter","Galaxy Rotation Curves and Dark Matter","The rotation curves of disk galaxies stay flat far beyond the light, demanding an extended halo whose density falls as the inverse square of radius. Decomposing the curve into disk, bulge, and halo, and fitting isothermal or NFW profiles, quantifies the missing mass. Gravitational lensing weighs the same mass without dynamics, the mass-to-light ratio climbs from stars to clusters, and the Bullet Cluster separates the collisionless dark matter from the colliding gas — evidence that MOND strains to match.\n",{"path":15198,"title":15199,"module":15187,"summary":15200},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fgalaxies\u002Factive-galactic-nuclei-and-supermassive-black-holes","Active Galactic Nuclei","A small fraction of galaxies pour out enormous luminosity from a region smaller than the solar system. Accretion onto a supermassive black hole, limited by the Eddington balance of radiation pressure and gravity, powers the Seyferts, quasars, radio galaxies, and blazars — one engine seen from different angles through an obscuring torus. Relativistic jets produce apparent superluminal motion, reverberation mapping and stellar dynamics weigh the central mass, and the M–sigma relation ties that mass to the host bulge.\n",{"path":15202,"title":15203,"module":15187,"summary":15204},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fgalaxies\u002Fgalaxy-clusters-and-large-scale-structure","Galaxy Clusters and Large-Scale Structure","Galaxies gather into groups and rich clusters bound by a common dark halo and filled with hot X-ray gas. Three independent probes — the virial theorem, the hydrostatic X-ray temperature, and gravitational lensing — agree on a mass that dwarfs the stars. On the largest scales galaxies trace a cosmic web of filaments, walls, and voids, quantified by the two-point correlation function, whose baryon acoustic oscillation bump provides a standard ruler for cosmology.\n",{"path":15206,"title":15207,"module":15208,"summary":15209},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fcosmology-expansion-and-dynamics\u002Fthe-expanding-universe-and-hubbles-law","The Expanding Universe and Hubble's Law","Cosmic Expansion and Dynamics","The universe is homogeneous and isotropic on large scales, so its expansion is captured by a single function of time, the scale factor. Comoving coordinates stay fixed while proper distances grow in proportion to the scale factor, producing Hubble's law and a cosmological redshift that measures stretched space rather than a Doppler shift. A Newtonian energy argument reproduces the dynamics, and the same finite, expanding cosmos resolves Olbers' paradox.\n",{"path":15211,"title":15212,"module":15208,"summary":15213},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fcosmology-expansion-and-dynamics\u002Fthe-frw-metric-and-cosmological-redshift","The FRW Metric and Cosmological Redshift","The geometry of a homogeneous, isotropic universe is fixed by symmetry to the Robertson-Walker metric, with the entire freedom reduced to a scale factor and a single curvature constant selecting an open, flat, or closed space. From the metric the null geodesic of light gives comoving distance, the exact cosmological redshift, and the distinction between the proper distance we cannot measure and the redshift we can.\n",{"path":15215,"title":12290,"module":15208,"summary":15216},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fcosmology-expansion-and-dynamics\u002Fthe-friedmann-equations-and-cosmic-dynamics","The scale factor obeys the Friedmann equation, the acceleration equation, and the fluid equation, only two of which are independent. An equation of state fixes how each component behaves under expansion, so radiation dilutes as the inverse fourth power of the scale factor, matter as the inverse cube, and vacuum energy not at all. The critical density defines the density parameters, and the deceleration parameter encodes whether gravity or dark energy is winning.\n",{"path":15218,"title":15219,"module":15208,"summary":15220},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fcosmology-expansion-and-dynamics\u002Fcosmological-models-and-distances","Cosmological Models and Distances","Integrating the Friedmann equation for particular mixtures gives the benchmark models, from the matter-only Einstein-de Sitter universe to the concordance Lambda-CDM, each with its own scale-factor history and age. Because the redshift is the only direct observable, several distance measures diverge at high redshift, and the angular-diameter distance even turns over so that the most distant objects look larger. The horizon and lookback time set what is causally and observationally reachable.\n",{"path":15222,"title":15223,"module":15208,"summary":15224},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fcosmology-expansion-and-dynamics\u002Fdark-energy-and-the-accelerating-universe","Dark Energy and the Accelerating Universe","In 1998 two teams found that distant Type Ia supernovae are fainter than a decelerating universe predicts, revealing that the expansion is accelerating and that a component with negative pressure dominates the energy budget. The simplest candidate is the cosmological constant, or vacuum energy, with an equation of state near minus one. It works observationally but leaves two deep puzzles: why the vacuum energy is a hundred and twenty orders of magnitude smaller than expected, and why it is comparable to the matter density just now.\n",{"path":15226,"title":15227,"module":15228,"summary":15229},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fthe-hot-big-bang\u002Fthe-thermal-history-of-the-universe","The Thermal History of the Universe","The Hot Big Bang","Running the expansion backward compresses and heats the universe, so its past is a sequence of thermal epochs set by temperature. Temperature scales as the inverse scale factor; species stay in equilibrium while their interaction rate exceeds the expansion rate and freeze out when it drops below. The effective degrees of freedom count the relativistic species and step down through mass thresholds, and neutrino decoupling just before electron-positron annihilation leaves a relic neutrino background slightly cooler than the photons.\n",{"path":15231,"title":15232,"module":15228,"summary":15233},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fthe-hot-big-bang\u002Fbig-bang-nucleosynthesis","Big Bang Nucleosynthesis","In the first three minutes the weak interactions freeze out the neutron-to-proton ratio, and once deuterium survives photodissociation a fast reaction network converts nearly all free neutrons into helium-4. The primordial abundances of deuterium, helium-3, helium-4, and lithium-7 depend on a single free parameter, the baryon-to-photon ratio, so measuring them fixes the baryon density. The predictions match observation across nine decades of abundance, with a persistent discrepancy in lithium-7.\n",{"path":15235,"title":15236,"module":15228,"summary":15237},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fthe-hot-big-bang\u002Frecombination-and-the-cosmic-microwave-background","Recombination and the Cosmic Microwave Background","As the universe cooled through a few thousand kelvin the free electrons bound to protons, and the Saha equation tracks the falling ionization fraction. Once the plasma neutralized, photons stopped scattering and streamed freely from a spherical surface of last scattering at redshift about 1100. Those photons are the cosmic microwave background, an almost perfect blackbody at 2.725 kelvin with a dipole from our motion through it.\n",{"path":15239,"title":15240,"module":15228,"summary":15241},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fthe-hot-big-bang\u002Fcmb-anisotropies-and-cosmological-parameters","CMB Anisotropies and Cosmological Parameters","The cosmic microwave background carries temperature fluctuations at the ten-parts-per-million level, imprinted by sound waves in the photon-baryon plasma before recombination. Decomposed into spherical harmonics, the fluctuations form an angular power spectrum whose acoustic peaks encode the geometry and contents of the universe: the first peak fixes spatial flatness, the odd-even peak ratio the baryon density, and the third peak the dark-matter density. Polarization adds an independent channel, and the Planck measurements pin the concordance parameters.\n",{"path":15243,"title":15244,"module":15228,"summary":15245},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fthe-hot-big-bang\u002Fcosmic-inflation","Cosmic Inflation","The hot Big Bang leaves three initial-condition puzzles unexplained: why causally disconnected patches share a temperature, why the geometry is so nearly flat, and why no magnetic monopoles are seen. A brief epoch of accelerated expansion driven by a slowly rolling scalar field solves all three by stretching a small causal patch across the observable universe. The same accelerated expansion freezes quantum fluctuations into a near-scale-invariant spectrum of density perturbations, seeding all later structure.\n",{"path":15247,"title":15248,"module":15228,"summary":15249},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fthe-hot-big-bang\u002Fstructure-formation-and-the-growth-of-perturbations","Structure Formation and the Growth of Perturbations","The near-uniform early universe grew its galaxies and clusters by gravitational instability acting on the tiny inflationary perturbations. In an expanding background the growth is slowed to a power law rather than the exponential of a static medium; perturbations stall during radiation domination and grow with the scale factor once matter dominates. The transfer function turns the primordial spectrum into the processed matter power spectrum, and cold dark matter builds structure from the bottom up.\n",{"path":15251,"title":15252,"module":15228,"summary":15253},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology\u002Fthe-hot-big-bang\u002Fdark-matter-dark-energy-and-open-questions","Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and Open Questions","Five independent lines of evidence converge on a universe whose energy budget is dominated by dark energy and dark matter, with ordinary baryons a small remainder. The candidate particles for dark matter range from WIMPs to axions to sterile neutrinos, each with its own detection strategy. The concordance model fits the data with six parameters but leaves the nature of dark energy, the Hubble tension, small-scale structure, and the matter-antimatter asymmetry unexplained.\n",{"path":15255,"title":15256,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Fastrophysics-cosmology","Astrophysics & Cosmology",{"path":15258,"title":15259,"module":6,"summary":6},"\u002Fcolophon","Colophon",{"path":5936,"title":15261,"module":6,"summary":6},"Study Notes",[15263,15278,15289,15298,15307,15323,15381,15400],{"module":10583,"moduleNumber":15264,"slug":15265,"lessons":15266},1,"foundations",[15267,15269,15271,15273,15275],{"title":14628,"path":14627,"lessonNumber":15264,"topics":15268,"summary":14629},[10583],{"title":14632,"path":14631,"lessonNumber":9617,"topics":15270,"summary":14633},[10583],{"title":14636,"path":14635,"lessonNumber":9625,"topics":15272,"summary":14637},[10583],{"title":14640,"path":14639,"lessonNumber":9640,"topics":15274,"summary":14641},[10583],{"title":14644,"path":14643,"lessonNumber":15276,"topics":15277,"summary":14645},5,[10583],{"module":9642,"moduleNumber":9617,"slug":15279,"lessons":15280},"classification",[15281,15283,15285,15287],{"title":14647,"path":16,"lessonNumber":15264,"topics":15282,"summary":14648},[9665],{"title":14651,"path":14650,"lessonNumber":9617,"topics":15284,"summary":14652},[9665],{"title":14654,"path":8754,"lessonNumber":9625,"topics":15286,"summary":14655},[9665],{"title":5,"path":9644,"lessonNumber":9640,"topics":15288,"summary":9663},[9665],{"module":14659,"moduleNumber":9625,"slug":15290,"lessons":15291},"semantics",[15292,15294,15296],{"title":14658,"path":629,"lessonNumber":15264,"topics":15293,"summary":14660},[14659],{"title":14663,"path":14662,"lessonNumber":9617,"topics":15295,"summary":14664},[14659],{"title":14667,"path":14666,"lessonNumber":9625,"topics":15297,"summary":14668},[14659],{"module":11049,"moduleNumber":9640,"slug":15299,"lessons":15300},"sequences",[15301,15303,15305],{"title":14671,"path":14670,"lessonNumber":15264,"topics":15302,"summary":14672},[11049],{"title":14675,"path":14674,"lessonNumber":9617,"topics":15304,"summary":14676},[11049],{"title":14679,"path":14678,"lessonNumber":9625,"topics":15306,"summary":14680},[11049],{"module":11531,"moduleNumber":15276,"slug":15308,"lessons":15309},"transformers",[15310,15312,15314,15316,15318,15320],{"title":14682,"path":9129,"lessonNumber":15264,"topics":15311,"summary":14683},[11531],{"title":13243,"path":14685,"lessonNumber":9617,"topics":15313,"summary":14686},[11531],{"title":13351,"path":14688,"lessonNumber":9625,"topics":15315,"summary":14689},[11531],{"title":14692,"path":14691,"lessonNumber":9640,"topics":15317,"summary":14693},[11531],{"title":14696,"path":14695,"lessonNumber":15276,"topics":15319,"summary":14697},[11531],{"title":14700,"path":14699,"lessonNumber":15321,"topics":15322,"summary":14701},6,[11531],{"module":14705,"moduleNumber":15321,"slug":15324,"lessons":15325},"linguistic-structure",[15326,15329,15331,15333,15335,15337,15339,15342,15345,15348,15351,15354,15357,15360,15363,15366,15369,15372,15375,15378],{"title":14704,"path":14703,"lessonNumber":15264,"topics":15327,"summary":14706},[15328],"Structure",{"title":14709,"path":14708,"lessonNumber":9617,"topics":15330,"summary":14710},[15328],{"title":14713,"path":14712,"lessonNumber":9625,"topics":15332,"summary":14714},[15328],{"title":14717,"path":14716,"lessonNumber":9640,"topics":15334,"summary":14718},[15328],{"title":14721,"path":14720,"lessonNumber":15276,"topics":15336,"summary":14722},[15328],{"title":14725,"path":14724,"lessonNumber":15321,"topics":15338,"summary":14726},[15328],{"title":14729,"path":14728,"lessonNumber":15340,"topics":15341,"summary":14730},7,[15328],{"title":14733,"path":14732,"lessonNumber":15343,"topics":15344,"summary":14734},8,[15328],{"title":14737,"path":14736,"lessonNumber":15346,"topics":15347,"summary":14738},9,[15328],{"title":14741,"path":14740,"lessonNumber":15349,"topics":15350,"summary":14742},10,[15328],{"title":14745,"path":14744,"lessonNumber":15352,"topics":15353,"summary":14746},11,[15328],{"title":14749,"path":14748,"lessonNumber":15355,"topics":15356,"summary":14750},12,[15328],{"title":14753,"path":14752,"lessonNumber":15358,"topics":15359,"summary":14754},13,[15328],{"title":14757,"path":14756,"lessonNumber":15361,"topics":15362,"summary":14758},14,[15328],{"title":14761,"path":14760,"lessonNumber":15364,"topics":15365,"summary":14762},15,[15328],{"title":14765,"path":14764,"lessonNumber":15367,"topics":15368,"summary":14766},16,[15328],{"title":14769,"path":14768,"lessonNumber":15370,"topics":15371,"summary":14770},17,[15328],{"title":14773,"path":14772,"lessonNumber":15373,"topics":15374,"summary":14774},18,[15328],{"title":14777,"path":14776,"lessonNumber":15376,"topics":15377,"summary":14778},19,[15328],{"title":14781,"path":14780,"lessonNumber":15379,"topics":15380,"summary":14782},20,[15328],{"module":13339,"moduleNumber":15340,"slug":15382,"lessons":15383},"applications",[15384,15386,15388,15390,15392,15394,15396,15398],{"title":14785,"path":14784,"lessonNumber":15264,"topics":15385,"summary":14786},[13339],{"title":14789,"path":14788,"lessonNumber":9617,"topics":15387,"summary":14790},[13339],{"title":14793,"path":14792,"lessonNumber":9625,"topics":15389,"summary":14794},[13339],{"title":14797,"path":14796,"lessonNumber":9640,"topics":15391,"summary":14798},[13339],{"title":14801,"path":14800,"lessonNumber":15276,"topics":15393,"summary":14802},[13339],{"title":14805,"path":14804,"lessonNumber":15321,"topics":15395,"summary":14806},[13339],{"title":14809,"path":14808,"lessonNumber":15340,"topics":15397,"summary":14810},[13339],{"title":14813,"path":14812,"lessonNumber":15343,"topics":15399,"summary":14814},[13339],{"module":14818,"moduleNumber":15343,"slug":15401,"lessons":15402},"speech",[15403,15405,15407,15409],{"title":14817,"path":14816,"lessonNumber":15264,"topics":15404,"summary":14819},[14818],{"title":14822,"path":14821,"lessonNumber":9617,"topics":15406,"summary":14823},[14818],{"title":14826,"path":14825,"lessonNumber":9625,"topics":15408,"summary":14827},[14818],{"title":14830,"path":14829,"lessonNumber":9640,"topics":15410,"summary":14831},[14818],"\u003Csvg style=\"width:100%;max-width:412.223px;height:auto\" xmlns=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg\" viewBox=\"-75 -75 309.167 177.116\">\u003Cg stroke=\"currentColor\" style=\"stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-width:.4\">\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-bg)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M11.419-54.998h48.37V-72.07h-48.37Z\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-5.226 -75.149)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M35.389 14.136Q35.389 13.985 35.489 13.888Q35.590 13.790 35.737 13.790Q35.826 13.790 35.906 13.835Q35.987 13.879 36.033 13.958Q36.079 14.037 36.079 14.136Q36.079 14.337 35.918 14.436Q36.059 14.491 36.264 14.491Q36.534 14.491 36.650 14.218Q36.766 13.944 36.766 13.630L36.766 10.950Q36.766 10.684 36.640 10.620Q36.513 10.557 36.185 10.557L36.185 10.277L37.320 10.202L37.320 13.650Q37.320 13.937 37.173 14.182Q37.026 14.426 36.775 14.571Q36.523 14.717 36.247 14.717Q35.918 14.717 35.654 14.575Q35.389 14.433 35.389 14.136M36.486 8.981Q36.486 8.810 36.609 8.691Q36.732 8.571 36.906 8.571Q37.074 8.571 37.197 8.691Q37.320 8.810 37.320 8.981Q37.320 9.156 37.197 9.279Q37.074 9.402 36.906 9.402Q36.732 9.402 36.609 9.279Q36.486 9.156 36.486 8.981M38.355 11.805Q38.355 11.463 38.490 11.164Q38.625 10.865 38.865 10.641Q39.104 10.417 39.422 10.292Q39.740 10.167 40.071 10.167Q40.516 10.167 40.916 10.383Q41.315 10.598 41.550 10.976Q41.784 11.353 41.784 11.805Q41.784 12.146 41.642 12.430Q41.500 12.714 41.256 12.921Q41.011 13.127 40.702 13.242Q40.393 13.356 40.071 13.356Q39.641 13.356 39.239 13.155Q38.837 12.953 38.596 12.601Q38.355 12.249 38.355 11.805M40.071 13.107Q40.673 13.107 40.897 12.729Q41.121 12.351 41.121 11.719Q41.121 11.107 40.886 10.748Q40.652 10.390 40.071 10.390Q39.019 10.390 39.019 11.719Q39.019 12.351 39.244 12.729Q39.470 13.107 40.071 13.107\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-5.226 -75.149)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M42.503 14.423Q42.633 14.491 42.770 14.491Q42.941 14.491 43.091 14.402Q43.242 14.313 43.353 14.168Q43.464 14.023 43.542 13.855L43.806 13.288L42.637 10.762Q42.562 10.615 42.432 10.583Q42.302 10.550 42.069 10.550L42.069 10.270L43.590 10.270L43.590 10.550Q43.242 10.550 43.242 10.697Q43.245 10.718 43.247 10.735Q43.249 10.752 43.249 10.762L44.106 12.621L44.879 10.950Q44.913 10.882 44.913 10.803Q44.913 10.690 44.829 10.620Q44.746 10.550 44.633 10.550L44.633 10.270L45.829 10.270L45.829 10.550Q45.610 10.550 45.438 10.654Q45.265 10.759 45.173 10.950L43.836 13.855Q43.666 14.225 43.396 14.471Q43.125 14.717 42.770 14.717Q42.500 14.717 42.281 14.551Q42.062 14.385 42.062 14.122Q42.062 13.985 42.155 13.896Q42.247 13.808 42.387 13.808Q42.524 13.808 42.613 13.896Q42.702 13.985 42.702 14.122Q42.702 14.225 42.649 14.303Q42.596 14.382 42.503 14.423\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-bg)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M65.74-32.497h48.37V-49.57H65.74Z\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(45.841 -52.169)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M36.445 12.447L36.445 10.550L35.806 10.550L35.806 10.328Q36.124 10.328 36.341 10.118Q36.558 9.908 36.658 9.598Q36.759 9.289 36.759 8.981L37.026 8.981L37.026 10.270L38.103 10.270L38.103 10.550L37.026 10.550L37.026 12.434Q37.026 12.710 37.130 12.909Q37.234 13.107 37.494 13.107Q37.651 13.107 37.757 13.003Q37.863 12.898 37.913 12.745Q37.962 12.591 37.962 12.434L37.962 12.020L38.229 12.020L38.229 12.447Q38.229 12.673 38.130 12.883Q38.031 13.093 37.846 13.225Q37.662 13.356 37.433 13.356Q36.995 13.356 36.720 13.119Q36.445 12.881 36.445 12.447M40.789 13.288L39.053 13.288L39.053 13.008Q39.282 13.008 39.430 12.974Q39.579 12.939 39.579 12.799L39.579 10.950Q39.579 10.680 39.471 10.619Q39.364 10.557 39.053 10.557L39.053 10.277L40.082 10.202L40.082 10.909Q40.211 10.601 40.454 10.402Q40.697 10.202 41.015 10.202Q41.233 10.202 41.404 10.326Q41.575 10.451 41.575 10.663Q41.575 10.800 41.476 10.899Q41.377 10.998 41.244 10.998Q41.107 10.998 41.008 10.899Q40.909 10.800 40.909 10.663Q40.909 10.523 41.008 10.424Q40.717 10.424 40.517 10.620Q40.317 10.817 40.225 11.111Q40.133 11.405 40.133 11.685L40.133 12.799Q40.133 13.008 40.789 13.008L40.789 13.288M42.734 12.454L42.734 10.950Q42.734 10.680 42.626 10.619Q42.519 10.557 42.208 10.557L42.208 10.277L43.315 10.202L43.315 12.434L43.315 12.454Q43.315 12.734 43.366 12.878Q43.417 13.021 43.559 13.078Q43.701 13.134 43.988 13.134Q44.241 13.134 44.446 12.994Q44.651 12.854 44.768 12.628Q44.884 12.403 44.884 12.153L44.884 10.950Q44.884 10.680 44.776 10.619Q44.668 10.557 44.357 10.557L44.357 10.277L45.465 10.202L45.465 12.615Q45.465 12.806 45.518 12.888Q45.571 12.970 45.672 12.989Q45.772 13.008 45.988 13.008L45.988 13.288L44.911 13.356L44.911 12.792Q44.802 12.974 44.656 13.097Q44.511 13.220 44.325 13.288Q44.139 13.356 43.937 13.356Q42.734 13.356 42.734 12.454M46.576 13.281L46.576 12.218Q46.576 12.194 46.603 12.167Q46.630 12.140 46.654 12.140L46.764 12.140Q46.829 12.140 46.842 12.198Q46.938 12.632 47.184 12.883Q47.430 13.134 47.844 13.134Q48.186 13.134 48.438 13.001Q48.691 12.868 48.691 12.560Q48.691 12.403 48.597 12.288Q48.503 12.174 48.365 12.105Q48.227 12.037 48.059 11.999L47.478 11.900Q47.123 11.832 46.849 11.611Q46.576 11.391 46.576 11.049Q46.576 10.800 46.687 10.625Q46.798 10.451 46.984 10.352Q47.170 10.253 47.386 10.210Q47.601 10.167 47.844 10.167Q48.257 10.167 48.538 10.349L48.753 10.174Q48.763 10.171 48.770 10.169Q48.777 10.167 48.787 10.167L48.838 10.167Q48.866 10.167 48.890 10.191Q48.914 10.215 48.914 10.243L48.914 11.090Q48.914 11.111 48.890 11.138Q48.866 11.165 48.838 11.165L48.726 11.165Q48.698 11.165 48.673 11.140Q48.647 11.114 48.647 11.090Q48.647 10.854 48.541 10.690Q48.435 10.526 48.252 10.444Q48.069 10.362 47.837 10.362Q47.509 10.362 47.252 10.465Q46.996 10.567 46.996 10.844Q46.996 11.039 47.179 11.148Q47.362 11.258 47.591 11.299L48.165 11.405Q48.411 11.453 48.625 11.581Q48.838 11.709 48.975 11.912Q49.112 12.116 49.112 12.365Q49.112 12.878 48.746 13.117Q48.380 13.356 47.844 13.356Q47.348 13.356 47.017 13.062L46.750 13.336Q46.729 13.356 46.702 13.356L46.654 13.356Q46.630 13.356 46.603 13.329Q46.576 13.302 46.576 13.281M50.267 12.447L50.267 10.550L49.628 10.550L49.628 10.328Q49.946 10.328 50.163 10.118Q50.380 9.908 50.481 9.598Q50.582 9.289 50.582 8.981L50.848 8.981L50.848 10.270L51.925 10.270L51.925 10.550L50.848 10.550L50.848 12.434Q50.848 12.710 50.952 12.909Q51.057 13.107 51.316 13.107Q51.474 13.107 51.580 13.003Q51.686 12.898 51.735 12.745Q51.785 12.591 51.785 12.434L51.785 12.020L52.051 12.020L52.051 12.447Q52.051 12.673 51.952 12.883Q51.853 13.093 51.668 13.225Q51.484 13.356 51.255 13.356Q50.817 13.356 50.542 13.119Q50.267 12.881 50.267 12.447\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-bg)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M88.241 21.824h48.37V4.752H88.24Z\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(70.25 2.43)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M37.716 13.288L35.983 13.288L35.983 13.008Q36.209 13.008 36.358 12.974Q36.506 12.939 36.506 12.799L36.506 10.550L35.918 10.550L35.918 10.270L36.506 10.270L36.506 9.453Q36.506 9.135 36.684 8.887Q36.862 8.640 37.152 8.499Q37.443 8.359 37.754 8.359Q38.010 8.359 38.214 8.501Q38.417 8.643 38.417 8.886Q38.417 9.022 38.318 9.121Q38.219 9.221 38.082 9.221Q37.945 9.221 37.846 9.121Q37.747 9.022 37.747 8.886Q37.747 8.705 37.887 8.612Q37.809 8.585 37.709 8.585Q37.501 8.585 37.347 8.718Q37.193 8.851 37.113 9.055Q37.033 9.258 37.033 9.467L37.033 10.270L37.921 10.270L37.921 10.550L37.060 10.550L37.060 12.799Q37.060 13.008 37.716 13.008L37.716 13.288M38.355 11.753Q38.355 11.432 38.480 11.143Q38.605 10.854 38.831 10.631Q39.056 10.407 39.352 10.287Q39.647 10.167 39.965 10.167Q40.293 10.167 40.555 10.267Q40.816 10.366 40.992 10.548Q41.168 10.731 41.262 10.989Q41.356 11.247 41.356 11.579Q41.356 11.671 41.274 11.692L39.019 11.692L39.019 11.753Q39.019 12.341 39.302 12.724Q39.586 13.107 40.153 13.107Q40.475 13.107 40.743 12.914Q41.011 12.721 41.100 12.406Q41.107 12.365 41.182 12.351L41.274 12.351Q41.356 12.375 41.356 12.447Q41.356 12.454 41.350 12.481Q41.237 12.878 40.866 13.117Q40.495 13.356 40.071 13.356Q39.634 13.356 39.234 13.148Q38.834 12.939 38.595 12.572Q38.355 12.205 38.355 11.753M39.025 11.483L40.840 11.483Q40.840 11.206 40.743 10.954Q40.646 10.701 40.447 10.545Q40.249 10.390 39.965 10.390Q39.688 10.390 39.475 10.548Q39.261 10.707 39.143 10.962Q39.025 11.217 39.025 11.483M42.002 12.560Q42.002 12.228 42.226 12.001Q42.450 11.774 42.794 11.646Q43.137 11.517 43.510 11.465Q43.882 11.412 44.187 11.412L44.187 11.159Q44.187 10.954 44.079 10.774Q43.971 10.595 43.790 10.492Q43.609 10.390 43.400 10.390Q42.994 10.390 42.758 10.482Q42.847 10.519 42.893 10.603Q42.939 10.687 42.939 10.789Q42.939 10.885 42.893 10.964Q42.847 11.042 42.766 11.087Q42.686 11.131 42.597 11.131Q42.447 11.131 42.346 11.034Q42.245 10.936 42.245 10.789Q42.245 10.167 43.400 10.167Q43.612 10.167 43.862 10.231Q44.111 10.294 44.313 10.413Q44.515 10.533 44.641 10.718Q44.768 10.902 44.768 11.145L44.768 12.721Q44.768 12.837 44.829 12.933Q44.891 13.028 45.003 13.028Q45.113 13.028 45.178 12.934Q45.243 12.840 45.243 12.721L45.243 12.273L45.509 12.273L45.509 12.721Q45.509 12.991 45.282 13.156Q45.055 13.322 44.774 13.322Q44.566 13.322 44.429 13.168Q44.292 13.015 44.269 12.799Q44.122 13.066 43.840 13.211Q43.558 13.356 43.233 13.356Q42.956 13.356 42.672 13.281Q42.389 13.206 42.196 13.027Q42.002 12.847 42.002 12.560M42.618 12.560Q42.618 12.734 42.719 12.864Q42.819 12.994 42.975 13.064Q43.130 13.134 43.294 13.134Q43.513 13.134 43.722 13.037Q43.930 12.939 44.058 12.758Q44.187 12.577 44.187 12.351L44.187 11.623Q43.862 11.623 43.496 11.714Q43.130 11.805 42.874 12.017Q42.618 12.228 42.618 12.560M47.676 13.288L45.940 13.288L45.940 13.008Q46.169 13.008 46.318 12.974Q46.466 12.939 46.466 12.799L46.466 10.950Q46.466 10.680 46.359 10.619Q46.251 10.557 45.940 10.557L45.940 10.277L46.969 10.202L46.969 10.909Q47.099 10.601 47.341 10.402Q47.584 10.202 47.902 10.202Q48.121 10.202 48.291 10.326Q48.462 10.451 48.462 10.663Q48.462 10.800 48.363 10.899Q48.264 10.998 48.131 10.998Q47.994 10.998 47.895 10.899Q47.796 10.800 47.796 10.663Q47.796 10.523 47.895 10.424Q47.604 10.424 47.405 10.620Q47.205 10.817 47.112 11.111Q47.020 11.405 47.020 11.685L47.020 12.799Q47.020 13.008 47.676 13.008\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-bg)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M65.74 76.145h48.37V59.074H65.74Z\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(40.702 55.995)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M35.918 13.281L35.918 12.218Q35.918 12.194 35.946 12.167Q35.973 12.140 35.997 12.140L36.106 12.140Q36.171 12.140 36.185 12.198Q36.281 12.632 36.527 12.883Q36.773 13.134 37.187 13.134Q37.528 13.134 37.781 13.001Q38.034 12.868 38.034 12.560Q38.034 12.403 37.940 12.288Q37.846 12.174 37.708 12.105Q37.569 12.037 37.402 11.999L36.821 11.900Q36.465 11.832 36.192 11.611Q35.918 11.391 35.918 11.049Q35.918 10.800 36.030 10.625Q36.141 10.451 36.327 10.352Q36.513 10.253 36.729 10.210Q36.944 10.167 37.187 10.167Q37.600 10.167 37.880 10.349L38.096 10.174Q38.106 10.171 38.113 10.169Q38.120 10.167 38.130 10.167L38.181 10.167Q38.208 10.167 38.232 10.191Q38.256 10.215 38.256 10.243L38.256 11.090Q38.256 11.111 38.232 11.138Q38.208 11.165 38.181 11.165L38.068 11.165Q38.041 11.165 38.015 11.140Q37.990 11.114 37.990 11.090Q37.990 10.854 37.884 10.690Q37.778 10.526 37.595 10.444Q37.412 10.362 37.180 10.362Q36.852 10.362 36.595 10.465Q36.339 10.567 36.339 10.844Q36.339 11.039 36.522 11.148Q36.705 11.258 36.934 11.299L37.508 11.405Q37.754 11.453 37.968 11.581Q38.181 11.709 38.318 11.912Q38.455 12.116 38.455 12.365Q38.455 12.878 38.089 13.117Q37.723 13.356 37.187 13.356Q36.691 13.356 36.359 13.062L36.093 13.336Q36.072 13.356 36.045 13.356L35.997 13.356Q35.973 13.356 35.946 13.329Q35.918 13.302 35.918 13.281M39.658 12.454L39.658 10.950Q39.658 10.680 39.550 10.619Q39.442 10.557 39.131 10.557L39.131 10.277L40.239 10.202L40.239 12.434L40.239 12.454Q40.239 12.734 40.290 12.878Q40.341 13.021 40.483 13.078Q40.625 13.134 40.912 13.134Q41.165 13.134 41.370 12.994Q41.575 12.854 41.691 12.628Q41.808 12.403 41.808 12.153L41.808 10.950Q41.808 10.680 41.700 10.619Q41.592 10.557 41.281 10.557L41.281 10.277L42.389 10.202L42.389 12.615Q42.389 12.806 42.442 12.888Q42.495 12.970 42.595 12.989Q42.696 13.008 42.912 13.008L42.912 13.288L41.835 13.356L41.835 12.792Q41.726 12.974 41.580 13.097Q41.435 13.220 41.249 13.288Q41.062 13.356 40.861 13.356Q39.658 13.356 39.658 12.454M45.250 13.288L43.513 13.288L43.513 13.008Q43.742 13.008 43.891 12.974Q44.040 12.939 44.040 12.799L44.040 10.950Q44.040 10.680 43.932 10.619Q43.824 10.557 43.513 10.557L43.513 10.277L44.542 10.202L44.542 10.909Q44.672 10.601 44.915 10.402Q45.157 10.202 45.475 10.202Q45.694 10.202 45.865 10.326Q46.036 10.451 46.036 10.663Q46.036 10.800 45.937 10.899Q45.837 10.998 45.704 10.998Q45.567 10.998 45.468 10.899Q45.369 10.800 45.369 10.663Q45.369 10.523 45.468 10.424Q45.178 10.424 44.978 10.620Q44.778 10.817 44.686 11.111Q44.593 11.405 44.593 11.685L44.593 12.799Q44.593 13.008 45.250 13.008L45.250 13.288M48.264 14.645L46.634 14.645L46.634 14.365Q46.863 14.365 47.011 14.330Q47.160 14.296 47.160 14.156L47.160 10.810Q47.160 10.639 47.023 10.598Q46.887 10.557 46.634 10.557L46.634 10.277L47.714 10.202L47.714 10.608Q47.936 10.407 48.223 10.304Q48.510 10.202 48.818 10.202Q49.245 10.202 49.609 10.415Q49.973 10.629 50.187 10.993Q50.400 11.357 50.400 11.777Q50.400 12.222 50.161 12.586Q49.922 12.950 49.529 13.153Q49.136 13.356 48.691 13.356Q48.425 13.356 48.177 13.256Q47.929 13.155 47.741 12.974L47.741 14.156Q47.741 14.293 47.890 14.329Q48.039 14.365 48.264 14.365L48.264 14.645M47.741 10.957L47.741 12.567Q47.875 12.820 48.117 12.977Q48.360 13.134 48.637 13.134Q48.965 13.134 49.218 12.933Q49.471 12.731 49.604 12.413Q49.737 12.095 49.737 11.777Q49.737 11.548 49.672 11.319Q49.607 11.090 49.479 10.892Q49.351 10.694 49.156 10.574Q48.961 10.455 48.729 10.455Q48.435 10.455 48.167 10.584Q47.898 10.714 47.741 10.957M52.786 13.288L51.050 13.288L51.050 13.008Q51.279 13.008 51.427 12.974Q51.576 12.939 51.576 12.799L51.576 10.950Q51.576 10.680 51.469 10.619Q51.361 10.557 51.050 10.557L51.050 10.277L52.079 10.202L52.079 10.909Q52.208 10.601 52.451 10.402Q52.694 10.202 53.012 10.202Q53.230 10.202 53.401 10.326Q53.572 10.451 53.572 10.663Q53.572 10.800 53.473 10.899Q53.374 10.998 53.241 10.998Q53.104 10.998 53.005 10.899Q52.906 10.800 52.906 10.663Q52.906 10.523 53.005 10.424Q52.714 10.424 52.514 10.620Q52.314 10.817 52.222 11.111Q52.130 11.405 52.130 11.685L52.130 12.799Q52.130 13.008 52.786 13.008L52.786 13.288M55.773 13.288L54.222 13.288L54.222 13.008Q54.447 13.008 54.596 12.974Q54.745 12.939 54.745 12.799L54.745 10.950Q54.745 10.762 54.697 10.678Q54.649 10.595 54.552 10.576Q54.454 10.557 54.242 10.557L54.242 10.277L55.298 10.202L55.298 12.799Q55.298 12.939 55.430 12.974Q55.562 13.008 55.773 13.008L55.773 13.288M54.502 8.981Q54.502 8.810 54.625 8.691Q54.748 8.571 54.919 8.571Q55.086 8.571 55.209 8.691Q55.333 8.810 55.333 8.981Q55.333 9.156 55.209 9.279Q55.086 9.402 54.919 9.402Q54.748 9.402 54.625 9.279Q54.502 9.156 54.502 8.981M56.419 13.281L56.419 12.218Q56.419 12.194 56.447 12.167Q56.474 12.140 56.498 12.140L56.607 12.140Q56.672 12.140 56.686 12.198Q56.782 12.632 57.028 12.883Q57.274 13.134 57.687 13.134Q58.029 13.134 58.282 13.001Q58.535 12.868 58.535 12.560Q58.535 12.403 58.441 12.288Q58.347 12.174 58.209 12.105Q58.070 12.037 57.903 11.999L57.322 11.900Q56.966 11.832 56.693 11.611Q56.419 11.391 56.419 11.049Q56.419 10.800 56.531 10.625Q56.642 10.451 56.828 10.352Q57.014 10.253 57.229 10.210Q57.445 10.167 57.687 10.167Q58.101 10.167 58.381 10.349L58.597 10.174Q58.607 10.171 58.614 10.169Q58.621 10.167 58.631 10.167L58.682 10.167Q58.709 10.167 58.733 10.191Q58.757 10.215 58.757 10.243L58.757 11.090Q58.757 11.111 58.733 11.138Q58.709 11.165 58.682 11.165L58.569 11.165Q58.542 11.165 58.516 11.140Q58.491 11.114 58.491 11.090Q58.491 10.854 58.385 10.690Q58.279 10.526 58.096 10.444Q57.913 10.362 57.681 10.362Q57.353 10.362 57.096 10.465Q56.840 10.567 56.840 10.844Q56.840 11.039 57.023 11.148Q57.206 11.258 57.435 11.299L58.009 11.405Q58.255 11.453 58.469 11.581Q58.682 11.709 58.819 11.912Q58.956 12.116 58.956 12.365Q58.956 12.878 58.590 13.117Q58.224 13.356 57.687 13.356Q57.192 13.356 56.860 13.062L56.594 13.336Q56.573 13.356 56.546 13.356L56.498 13.356Q56.474 13.356 56.447 13.329Q56.419 13.302 56.419 13.281M59.543 11.753Q59.543 11.432 59.668 11.143Q59.793 10.854 60.019 10.631Q60.244 10.407 60.540 10.287Q60.835 10.167 61.153 10.167Q61.481 10.167 61.743 10.267Q62.004 10.366 62.180 10.548Q62.356 10.731 62.450 10.989Q62.544 11.247 62.544 11.579Q62.544 11.671 62.462 11.692L60.207 11.692L60.207 11.753Q60.207 12.341 60.490 12.724Q60.774 13.107 61.341 13.107Q61.663 13.107 61.931 12.914Q62.199 12.721 62.288 12.406Q62.295 12.365 62.370 12.351L62.462 12.351Q62.544 12.375 62.544 12.447Q62.544 12.454 62.538 12.481Q62.425 12.878 62.054 13.117Q61.683 13.356 61.259 13.356Q60.822 13.356 60.422 13.148Q60.022 12.939 59.783 12.572Q59.543 12.205 59.543 11.753M60.213 11.483L62.028 11.483Q62.028 11.206 61.931 10.954Q61.833 10.701 61.635 10.545Q61.437 10.390 61.153 10.390Q60.876 10.390 60.663 10.548Q60.449 10.707 60.331 10.962Q60.213 11.217 60.213 11.483\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-bg)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M11.419 98.646h48.37V81.575h-48.37Z\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-12.94 79.253)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M35.918 13.281L35.918 12.218Q35.918 12.194 35.946 12.167Q35.973 12.140 35.997 12.140L36.106 12.140Q36.171 12.140 36.185 12.198Q36.281 12.632 36.527 12.883Q36.773 13.134 37.187 13.134Q37.528 13.134 37.781 13.001Q38.034 12.868 38.034 12.560Q38.034 12.403 37.940 12.288Q37.846 12.174 37.708 12.105Q37.569 12.037 37.402 11.999L36.821 11.900Q36.465 11.832 36.192 11.611Q35.918 11.391 35.918 11.049Q35.918 10.800 36.030 10.625Q36.141 10.451 36.327 10.352Q36.513 10.253 36.729 10.210Q36.944 10.167 37.187 10.167Q37.600 10.167 37.880 10.349L38.096 10.174Q38.106 10.171 38.113 10.169Q38.120 10.167 38.130 10.167L38.181 10.167Q38.208 10.167 38.232 10.191Q38.256 10.215 38.256 10.243L38.256 11.090Q38.256 11.111 38.232 11.138Q38.208 11.165 38.181 11.165L38.068 11.165Q38.041 11.165 38.015 11.140Q37.990 11.114 37.990 11.090Q37.990 10.854 37.884 10.690Q37.778 10.526 37.595 10.444Q37.412 10.362 37.180 10.362Q36.852 10.362 36.595 10.465Q36.339 10.567 36.339 10.844Q36.339 11.039 36.522 11.148Q36.705 11.258 36.934 11.299L37.508 11.405Q37.754 11.453 37.968 11.581Q38.181 11.709 38.318 11.912Q38.455 12.116 38.455 12.365Q38.455 12.878 38.089 13.117Q37.723 13.356 37.187 13.356Q36.691 13.356 36.359 13.062L36.093 13.336Q36.072 13.356 36.045 13.356L35.997 13.356Q35.973 13.356 35.946 13.329Q35.918 13.302 35.918 13.281M39.142 12.560Q39.142 12.228 39.365 12.001Q39.589 11.774 39.933 11.646Q40.276 11.517 40.649 11.465Q41.021 11.412 41.326 11.412L41.326 11.159Q41.326 10.954 41.218 10.774Q41.110 10.595 40.929 10.492Q40.748 10.390 40.540 10.390Q40.133 10.390 39.897 10.482Q39.986 10.519 40.032 10.603Q40.078 10.687 40.078 10.789Q40.078 10.885 40.032 10.964Q39.986 11.042 39.906 11.087Q39.825 11.131 39.736 11.131Q39.586 11.131 39.485 11.034Q39.384 10.936 39.384 10.789Q39.384 10.167 40.540 10.167Q40.751 10.167 41.001 10.231Q41.250 10.294 41.452 10.413Q41.654 10.533 41.780 10.718Q41.907 10.902 41.907 11.145L41.907 12.721Q41.907 12.837 41.968 12.933Q42.030 13.028 42.143 13.028Q42.252 13.028 42.317 12.934Q42.382 12.840 42.382 12.721L42.382 12.273L42.648 12.273L42.648 12.721Q42.648 12.991 42.421 13.156Q42.194 13.322 41.914 13.322Q41.705 13.322 41.568 13.168Q41.432 13.015 41.408 12.799Q41.261 13.066 40.979 13.211Q40.697 13.356 40.372 13.356Q40.095 13.356 39.812 13.281Q39.528 13.206 39.335 13.027Q39.142 12.847 39.142 12.560M39.757 12.560Q39.757 12.734 39.858 12.864Q39.958 12.994 40.114 13.064Q40.270 13.134 40.434 13.134Q40.652 13.134 40.861 13.037Q41.069 12.939 41.198 12.758Q41.326 12.577 41.326 12.351L41.326 11.623Q41.001 11.623 40.635 11.714Q40.270 11.805 40.013 12.017Q39.757 12.228 39.757 12.560M43.065 11.777Q43.065 11.439 43.206 11.148Q43.346 10.858 43.590 10.644Q43.834 10.431 44.139 10.316Q44.443 10.202 44.768 10.202Q45.038 10.202 45.301 10.301Q45.564 10.400 45.755 10.578L45.755 9.180Q45.755 8.910 45.648 8.848Q45.540 8.787 45.229 8.787L45.229 8.506L46.306 8.431L46.306 12.615Q46.306 12.803 46.360 12.886Q46.415 12.970 46.516 12.989Q46.617 13.008 46.832 13.008L46.832 13.288L45.725 13.356L45.725 12.939Q45.308 13.356 44.682 13.356Q44.251 13.356 43.879 13.144Q43.506 12.933 43.286 12.572Q43.065 12.211 43.065 11.777M44.740 13.134Q44.949 13.134 45.135 13.062Q45.321 12.991 45.475 12.854Q45.629 12.717 45.725 12.539L45.725 10.930Q45.639 10.783 45.494 10.663Q45.349 10.543 45.179 10.484Q45.010 10.424 44.829 10.424Q44.269 10.424 44 10.813Q43.732 11.203 43.732 11.784Q43.732 12.355 43.966 12.745Q44.200 13.134 44.740 13.134M49.163 13.288L47.529 13.288L47.529 13.008Q47.758 13.008 47.907 12.974Q48.056 12.939 48.056 12.799L48.056 10.950Q48.056 10.680 47.948 10.619Q47.840 10.557 47.529 10.557L47.529 10.277L48.589 10.202L48.589 10.851Q48.760 10.543 49.064 10.372Q49.368 10.202 49.713 10.202Q50.219 10.202 50.503 10.425Q50.787 10.649 50.787 11.145L50.787 12.799Q50.787 12.936 50.935 12.972Q51.084 13.008 51.310 13.008L51.310 13.288L49.679 13.288L49.679 13.008Q49.908 13.008 50.057 12.974Q50.206 12.939 50.206 12.799L50.206 11.159Q50.206 10.824 50.086 10.624Q49.966 10.424 49.652 10.424Q49.382 10.424 49.148 10.560Q48.914 10.697 48.775 10.931Q48.637 11.165 48.637 11.439L48.637 12.799Q48.637 12.936 48.787 12.972Q48.937 13.008 49.163 13.008L49.163 13.288M51.856 11.753Q51.856 11.432 51.981 11.143Q52.106 10.854 52.332 10.631Q52.557 10.407 52.853 10.287Q53.148 10.167 53.466 10.167Q53.794 10.167 54.056 10.267Q54.317 10.366 54.493 10.548Q54.669 10.731 54.763 10.989Q54.857 11.247 54.857 11.579Q54.857 11.671 54.775 11.692L52.520 11.692L52.520 11.753Q52.520 12.341 52.803 12.724Q53.087 13.107 53.654 13.107Q53.976 13.107 54.244 12.914Q54.512 12.721 54.601 12.406Q54.608 12.365 54.683 12.351L54.775 12.351Q54.857 12.375 54.857 12.447Q54.857 12.454 54.851 12.481Q54.738 12.878 54.367 13.117Q53.996 13.356 53.572 13.356Q53.135 13.356 52.735 13.148Q52.335 12.939 52.096 12.572Q51.856 12.205 51.856 11.753M52.526 11.483L54.341 11.483Q54.341 11.206 54.244 10.954Q54.146 10.701 53.948 10.545Q53.750 10.390 53.466 10.390Q53.189 10.390 52.976 10.548Q52.762 10.707 52.644 10.962Q52.526 11.217 52.526 11.483M55.445 13.281L55.445 12.218Q55.445 12.194 55.473 12.167Q55.500 12.140 55.524 12.140L55.633 12.140Q55.698 12.140 55.712 12.198Q55.808 12.632 56.054 12.883Q56.300 13.134 56.713 13.134Q57.055 13.134 57.308 13.001Q57.561 12.868 57.561 12.560Q57.561 12.403 57.467 12.288Q57.373 12.174 57.235 12.105Q57.096 12.037 56.929 11.999L56.348 11.900Q55.992 11.832 55.719 11.611Q55.445 11.391 55.445 11.049Q55.445 10.800 55.556 10.625Q55.667 10.451 55.854 10.352Q56.040 10.253 56.255 10.210Q56.471 10.167 56.713 10.167Q57.127 10.167 57.407 10.349L57.623 10.174Q57.633 10.171 57.640 10.169Q57.646 10.167 57.657 10.167L57.708 10.167Q57.735 10.167 57.759 10.191Q57.783 10.215 57.783 10.243L57.783 11.090Q57.783 11.111 57.759 11.138Q57.735 11.165 57.708 11.165L57.595 11.165Q57.568 11.165 57.542 11.140Q57.517 11.114 57.517 11.090Q57.517 10.854 57.411 10.690Q57.305 10.526 57.122 10.444Q56.939 10.362 56.707 10.362Q56.378 10.362 56.122 10.465Q55.866 10.567 55.866 10.844Q55.866 11.039 56.049 11.148Q56.231 11.258 56.460 11.299L57.035 11.405Q57.281 11.453 57.494 11.581Q57.708 11.709 57.845 11.912Q57.981 12.116 57.981 12.365Q57.981 12.878 57.616 13.117Q57.250 13.356 56.713 13.356Q56.218 13.356 55.886 13.062L55.620 13.336Q55.599 13.356 55.572 13.356L55.524 13.356Q55.500 13.356 55.473 13.329Q55.445 13.302 55.445 13.281M58.610 13.281L58.610 12.218Q58.610 12.194 58.638 12.167Q58.665 12.140 58.689 12.140L58.798 12.140Q58.863 12.140 58.877 12.198Q58.973 12.632 59.219 12.883Q59.465 13.134 59.878 13.134Q60.220 13.134 60.473 13.001Q60.726 12.868 60.726 12.560Q60.726 12.403 60.632 12.288Q60.538 12.174 60.400 12.105Q60.261 12.037 60.094 11.999L59.513 11.900Q59.157 11.832 58.884 11.611Q58.610 11.391 58.610 11.049Q58.610 10.800 58.721 10.625Q58.833 10.451 59.019 10.352Q59.205 10.253 59.420 10.210Q59.636 10.167 59.878 10.167Q60.292 10.167 60.572 10.349L60.788 10.174Q60.798 10.171 60.805 10.169Q60.812 10.167 60.822 10.167L60.873 10.167Q60.900 10.167 60.924 10.191Q60.948 10.215 60.948 10.243L60.948 11.090Q60.948 11.111 60.924 11.138Q60.900 11.165 60.873 11.165L60.760 11.165Q60.733 11.165 60.707 11.140Q60.682 11.114 60.682 11.090Q60.682 10.854 60.576 10.690Q60.470 10.526 60.287 10.444Q60.104 10.362 59.872 10.362Q59.543 10.362 59.287 10.465Q59.031 10.567 59.031 10.844Q59.031 11.039 59.214 11.148Q59.396 11.258 59.625 11.299L60.200 11.405Q60.446 11.453 60.659 11.581Q60.873 11.709 61.010 11.912Q61.146 12.116 61.146 12.365Q61.146 12.878 60.781 13.117Q60.415 13.356 59.878 13.356Q59.383 13.356 59.051 13.062L58.785 13.336Q58.764 13.356 58.737 13.356L58.689 13.356Q58.665 13.356 58.638 13.329Q58.610 13.302 58.610 13.281\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-bg)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-42.902 76.145h48.37V59.074h-48.37Z\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-66.594 56.071)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M35.918 11.777Q35.918 11.439 36.059 11.148Q36.199 10.858 36.443 10.644Q36.687 10.431 36.992 10.316Q37.296 10.202 37.621 10.202Q37.891 10.202 38.154 10.301Q38.417 10.400 38.608 10.578L38.608 9.180Q38.608 8.910 38.501 8.848Q38.393 8.787 38.082 8.787L38.082 8.506L39.159 8.431L39.159 12.615Q39.159 12.803 39.213 12.886Q39.268 12.970 39.369 12.989Q39.470 13.008 39.685 13.008L39.685 13.288L38.578 13.356L38.578 12.939Q38.161 13.356 37.535 13.356Q37.104 13.356 36.732 13.144Q36.359 12.933 36.139 12.572Q35.918 12.211 35.918 11.777M37.593 13.134Q37.802 13.134 37.988 13.062Q38.174 12.991 38.328 12.854Q38.482 12.717 38.578 12.539L38.578 10.930Q38.492 10.783 38.347 10.663Q38.202 10.543 38.032 10.484Q37.863 10.424 37.682 10.424Q37.122 10.424 36.853 10.813Q36.585 11.203 36.585 11.784Q36.585 12.355 36.819 12.745Q37.053 13.134 37.593 13.134M41.951 13.288L40.399 13.288L40.399 13.008Q40.625 13.008 40.774 12.974Q40.922 12.939 40.922 12.799L40.922 10.950Q40.922 10.762 40.875 10.678Q40.827 10.595 40.729 10.576Q40.632 10.557 40.420 10.557L40.420 10.277L41.476 10.202L41.476 12.799Q41.476 12.939 41.608 12.974Q41.739 13.008 41.951 13.008L41.951 13.288M40.680 8.981Q40.680 8.810 40.803 8.691Q40.926 8.571 41.097 8.571Q41.264 8.571 41.387 8.691Q41.510 8.810 41.510 8.981Q41.510 9.156 41.387 9.279Q41.264 9.402 41.097 9.402Q40.926 9.402 40.803 9.279Q40.680 9.156 40.680 8.981M42.597 13.281L42.597 12.218Q42.597 12.194 42.625 12.167Q42.652 12.140 42.676 12.140L42.785 12.140Q42.850 12.140 42.864 12.198Q42.959 12.632 43.206 12.883Q43.452 13.134 43.865 13.134Q44.207 13.134 44.460 13.001Q44.713 12.868 44.713 12.560Q44.713 12.403 44.619 12.288Q44.525 12.174 44.386 12.105Q44.248 12.037 44.081 11.999L43.500 11.900Q43.144 11.832 42.871 11.611Q42.597 11.391 42.597 11.049Q42.597 10.800 42.708 10.625Q42.819 10.451 43.006 10.352Q43.192 10.253 43.407 10.210Q43.623 10.167 43.865 10.167Q44.279 10.167 44.559 10.349L44.774 10.174Q44.785 10.171 44.791 10.169Q44.798 10.167 44.809 10.167L44.860 10.167Q44.887 10.167 44.911 10.191Q44.935 10.215 44.935 10.243L44.935 11.090Q44.935 11.111 44.911 11.138Q44.887 11.165 44.860 11.165L44.747 11.165Q44.720 11.165 44.694 11.140Q44.668 11.114 44.668 11.090Q44.668 10.854 44.562 10.690Q44.457 10.526 44.274 10.444Q44.091 10.362 43.858 10.362Q43.530 10.362 43.274 10.465Q43.018 10.567 43.018 10.844Q43.018 11.039 43.200 11.148Q43.383 11.258 43.612 11.299L44.187 11.405Q44.433 11.453 44.646 11.581Q44.860 11.709 44.997 11.912Q45.133 12.116 45.133 12.365Q45.133 12.878 44.768 13.117Q44.402 13.356 43.865 13.356Q43.370 13.356 43.038 13.062L42.771 13.336Q42.751 13.356 42.724 13.356L42.676 13.356Q42.652 13.356 42.625 13.329Q42.597 13.302 42.597 13.281M45.721 13.821Q45.721 13.575 45.918 13.391Q46.114 13.206 46.371 13.127Q46.234 13.015 46.162 12.854Q46.090 12.693 46.090 12.512Q46.090 12.191 46.302 11.945Q45.967 11.647 45.967 11.237Q45.967 10.776 46.357 10.489Q46.747 10.202 47.225 10.202Q47.697 10.202 48.032 10.448Q48.206 10.294 48.416 10.212Q48.626 10.130 48.855 10.130Q49.020 10.130 49.141 10.237Q49.262 10.345 49.262 10.509Q49.262 10.605 49.190 10.677Q49.119 10.748 49.026 10.748Q48.927 10.748 48.857 10.675Q48.787 10.601 48.787 10.502Q48.787 10.448 48.801 10.417L48.808 10.403Q48.814 10.383 48.823 10.372Q48.832 10.362 48.835 10.355Q48.479 10.355 48.192 10.578Q48.479 10.871 48.479 11.237Q48.479 11.552 48.295 11.784Q48.110 12.017 47.822 12.145Q47.533 12.273 47.225 12.273Q47.023 12.273 46.832 12.223Q46.641 12.174 46.463 12.064Q46.371 12.191 46.371 12.334Q46.371 12.516 46.499 12.651Q46.627 12.786 46.812 12.786L47.444 12.786Q47.892 12.786 48.261 12.857Q48.630 12.929 48.890 13.158Q49.149 13.387 49.149 13.821Q49.149 14.142 48.854 14.344Q48.558 14.546 48.155 14.635Q47.751 14.724 47.437 14.724Q47.119 14.724 46.716 14.635Q46.312 14.546 46.017 14.344Q45.721 14.142 45.721 13.821M46.176 13.821Q46.176 14.050 46.395 14.199Q46.613 14.348 46.906 14.416Q47.198 14.484 47.437 14.484Q47.601 14.484 47.810 14.448Q48.018 14.413 48.225 14.332Q48.432 14.252 48.563 14.124Q48.695 13.996 48.695 13.821Q48.695 13.469 48.314 13.375Q47.933 13.281 47.430 13.281L46.812 13.281Q46.572 13.281 46.374 13.432Q46.176 13.582 46.176 13.821M47.225 12.034Q47.892 12.034 47.892 11.237Q47.892 10.437 47.225 10.437Q46.555 10.437 46.555 11.237Q46.555 12.034 47.225 12.034M50.318 12.454L50.318 10.950Q50.318 10.680 50.211 10.619Q50.103 10.557 49.792 10.557L49.792 10.277L50.899 10.202L50.899 12.434L50.899 12.454Q50.899 12.734 50.951 12.878Q51.002 13.021 51.144 13.078Q51.286 13.134 51.573 13.134Q51.826 13.134 52.031 12.994Q52.236 12.854 52.352 12.628Q52.468 12.403 52.468 12.153L52.468 10.950Q52.468 10.680 52.361 10.619Q52.253 10.557 51.942 10.557L51.942 10.277L53.049 10.202L53.049 12.615Q53.049 12.806 53.102 12.888Q53.155 12.970 53.256 12.989Q53.357 13.008 53.572 13.008L53.572 13.288L52.496 13.356L52.496 12.792Q52.386 12.974 52.241 13.097Q52.096 13.220 51.909 13.288Q51.723 13.356 51.521 13.356Q50.318 13.356 50.318 12.454M54.160 13.281L54.160 12.218Q54.160 12.194 54.187 12.167Q54.215 12.140 54.239 12.140L54.348 12.140Q54.413 12.140 54.427 12.198Q54.522 12.632 54.769 12.883Q55.015 13.134 55.428 13.134Q55.770 13.134 56.023 13.001Q56.276 12.868 56.276 12.560Q56.276 12.403 56.182 12.288Q56.088 12.174 55.949 12.105Q55.811 12.037 55.644 11.999L55.062 11.900Q54.707 11.832 54.434 11.611Q54.160 11.391 54.160 11.049Q54.160 10.800 54.271 10.625Q54.382 10.451 54.569 10.352Q54.755 10.253 54.970 10.210Q55.186 10.167 55.428 10.167Q55.842 10.167 56.122 10.349L56.337 10.174Q56.348 10.171 56.354 10.169Q56.361 10.167 56.372 10.167L56.423 10.167Q56.450 10.167 56.474 10.191Q56.498 10.215 56.498 10.243L56.498 11.090Q56.498 11.111 56.474 11.138Q56.450 11.165 56.423 11.165L56.310 11.165Q56.283 11.165 56.257 11.140Q56.231 11.114 56.231 11.090Q56.231 10.854 56.125 10.690Q56.020 10.526 55.837 10.444Q55.654 10.362 55.421 10.362Q55.093 10.362 54.837 10.465Q54.581 10.567 54.581 10.844Q54.581 11.039 54.763 11.148Q54.946 11.258 55.175 11.299L55.750 11.405Q55.996 11.453 56.209 11.581Q56.423 11.709 56.560 11.912Q56.696 12.116 56.696 12.365Q56.696 12.878 56.331 13.117Q55.965 13.356 55.428 13.356Q54.933 13.356 54.601 13.062L54.334 13.336Q54.314 13.356 54.287 13.356L54.239 13.356Q54.215 13.356 54.187 13.329Q54.160 13.302 54.160 13.281M57.852 12.447L57.852 10.550L57.212 10.550L57.212 10.328Q57.530 10.328 57.747 10.118Q57.964 9.908 58.065 9.598Q58.166 9.289 58.166 8.981L58.433 8.981L58.433 10.270L59.509 10.270L59.509 10.550L58.433 10.550L58.433 12.434Q58.433 12.710 58.537 12.909Q58.641 13.107 58.901 13.107Q59.058 13.107 59.164 13.003Q59.270 12.898 59.320 12.745Q59.369 12.591 59.369 12.434L59.369 12.020L59.636 12.020L59.636 12.447Q59.636 12.673 59.537 12.883Q59.437 13.093 59.253 13.225Q59.068 13.356 58.839 13.356Q58.402 13.356 58.127 13.119Q57.852 12.881 57.852 12.447\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-bg)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-65.403 21.824h48.37V4.752h-48.37Z\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-86.357 .826)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M35.977 12.560Q35.977 12.228 36.200 12.001Q36.424 11.774 36.768 11.646Q37.111 11.517 37.484 11.465Q37.856 11.412 38.161 11.412L38.161 11.159Q38.161 10.954 38.053 10.774Q37.945 10.595 37.764 10.492Q37.583 10.390 37.375 10.390Q36.968 10.390 36.732 10.482Q36.821 10.519 36.867 10.603Q36.913 10.687 36.913 10.789Q36.913 10.885 36.867 10.964Q36.821 11.042 36.740 11.087Q36.660 11.131 36.571 11.131Q36.421 11.131 36.320 11.034Q36.219 10.936 36.219 10.789Q36.219 10.167 37.375 10.167Q37.586 10.167 37.836 10.231Q38.085 10.294 38.287 10.413Q38.489 10.533 38.615 10.718Q38.742 10.902 38.742 11.145L38.742 12.721Q38.742 12.837 38.803 12.933Q38.865 13.028 38.978 13.028Q39.087 13.028 39.152 12.934Q39.217 12.840 39.217 12.721L39.217 12.273L39.483 12.273L39.483 12.721Q39.483 12.991 39.256 13.156Q39.029 13.322 38.749 13.322Q38.540 13.322 38.403 13.168Q38.267 13.015 38.243 12.799Q38.096 13.066 37.814 13.211Q37.532 13.356 37.207 13.356Q36.930 13.356 36.646 13.281Q36.363 13.206 36.170 13.027Q35.977 12.847 35.977 12.560M36.592 12.560Q36.592 12.734 36.693 12.864Q36.793 12.994 36.949 13.064Q37.104 13.134 37.269 13.134Q37.487 13.134 37.696 13.037Q37.904 12.939 38.032 12.758Q38.161 12.577 38.161 12.351L38.161 11.623Q37.836 11.623 37.470 11.714Q37.104 11.805 36.848 12.017Q36.592 12.228 36.592 12.560M41.582 13.288L39.948 13.288L39.948 13.008Q40.177 13.008 40.326 12.974Q40.475 12.939 40.475 12.799L40.475 10.950Q40.475 10.680 40.367 10.619Q40.259 10.557 39.948 10.557L39.948 10.277L41.008 10.202L41.008 10.851Q41.179 10.543 41.483 10.372Q41.787 10.202 42.132 10.202Q42.638 10.202 42.922 10.425Q43.206 10.649 43.206 11.145L43.206 12.799Q43.206 12.936 43.354 12.972Q43.503 13.008 43.729 13.008L43.729 13.288L42.098 13.288L42.098 13.008Q42.327 13.008 42.476 12.974Q42.625 12.939 42.625 12.799L42.625 11.159Q42.625 10.824 42.505 10.624Q42.385 10.424 42.071 10.424Q41.801 10.424 41.567 10.560Q41.333 10.697 41.194 10.931Q41.056 11.165 41.056 11.439L41.056 12.799Q41.056 12.936 41.206 12.972Q41.356 13.008 41.582 13.008L41.582 13.288M44.275 13.821Q44.275 13.575 44.472 13.391Q44.668 13.206 44.925 13.127Q44.788 13.015 44.716 12.854Q44.645 12.693 44.645 12.512Q44.645 12.191 44.856 11.945Q44.521 11.647 44.521 11.237Q44.521 10.776 44.911 10.489Q45.301 10.202 45.779 10.202Q46.251 10.202 46.586 10.448Q46.760 10.294 46.970 10.212Q47.181 10.130 47.410 10.130Q47.574 10.130 47.695 10.237Q47.816 10.345 47.816 10.509Q47.816 10.605 47.745 10.677Q47.673 10.748 47.581 10.748Q47.481 10.748 47.411 10.675Q47.341 10.601 47.341 10.502Q47.341 10.448 47.355 10.417L47.362 10.403Q47.369 10.383 47.377 10.372Q47.386 10.362 47.389 10.355Q47.034 10.355 46.747 10.578Q47.034 10.871 47.034 11.237Q47.034 11.552 46.849 11.784Q46.665 12.017 46.376 12.145Q46.087 12.273 45.779 12.273Q45.578 12.273 45.386 12.223Q45.195 12.174 45.017 12.064Q44.925 12.191 44.925 12.334Q44.925 12.516 45.053 12.651Q45.181 12.786 45.366 12.786L45.998 12.786Q46.446 12.786 46.815 12.857Q47.184 12.929 47.444 13.158Q47.704 13.387 47.704 13.821Q47.704 14.142 47.408 14.344Q47.112 14.546 46.709 14.635Q46.306 14.724 45.991 14.724Q45.673 14.724 45.270 14.635Q44.867 14.546 44.571 14.344Q44.275 14.142 44.275 13.821M44.730 13.821Q44.730 14.050 44.949 14.199Q45.167 14.348 45.460 14.416Q45.752 14.484 45.991 14.484Q46.155 14.484 46.364 14.448Q46.572 14.413 46.779 14.332Q46.986 14.252 47.117 14.124Q47.249 13.996 47.249 13.821Q47.249 13.469 46.868 13.375Q46.487 13.281 45.984 13.281L45.366 13.281Q45.126 13.281 44.928 13.432Q44.730 13.582 44.730 13.821M45.779 12.034Q46.446 12.034 46.446 11.237Q46.446 10.437 45.779 10.437Q45.109 10.437 45.109 11.237Q45.109 12.034 45.779 12.034M48.257 11.753Q48.257 11.432 48.382 11.143Q48.507 10.854 48.732 10.631Q48.958 10.407 49.254 10.287Q49.549 10.167 49.867 10.167Q50.195 10.167 50.457 10.267Q50.718 10.366 50.894 10.548Q51.070 10.731 51.164 10.989Q51.258 11.247 51.258 11.579Q51.258 11.671 51.176 11.692L48.920 11.692L48.920 11.753Q48.920 12.341 49.204 12.724Q49.488 13.107 50.055 13.107Q50.376 13.107 50.645 12.914Q50.913 12.721 51.002 12.406Q51.009 12.365 51.084 12.351L51.176 12.351Q51.258 12.375 51.258 12.447Q51.258 12.454 51.251 12.481Q51.139 12.878 50.768 13.117Q50.397 13.356 49.973 13.356Q49.536 13.356 49.136 13.148Q48.736 12.939 48.497 12.572Q48.257 12.205 48.257 11.753M48.927 11.483L50.742 11.483Q50.742 11.206 50.645 10.954Q50.547 10.701 50.349 10.545Q50.151 10.390 49.867 10.390Q49.590 10.390 49.377 10.548Q49.163 10.707 49.045 10.962Q48.927 11.217 48.927 11.483M53.596 13.288L51.860 13.288L51.860 13.008Q52.089 13.008 52.238 12.974Q52.386 12.939 52.386 12.799L52.386 10.950Q52.386 10.680 52.279 10.619Q52.171 10.557 51.860 10.557L51.860 10.277L52.889 10.202L52.889 10.909Q53.019 10.601 53.261 10.402Q53.504 10.202 53.822 10.202Q54.041 10.202 54.211 10.326Q54.382 10.451 54.382 10.663Q54.382 10.800 54.283 10.899Q54.184 10.998 54.051 10.998Q53.914 10.998 53.815 10.899Q53.716 10.800 53.716 10.663Q53.716 10.523 53.815 10.424Q53.524 10.424 53.324 10.620Q53.125 10.817 53.032 11.111Q52.940 11.405 52.940 11.685L52.940 12.799Q52.940 13.008 53.596 13.008\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-bg)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-42.902-32.497h48.37V-49.57h-48.37Z\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-75.117 -52.648)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M35.977 12.560Q35.977 12.228 36.200 12.001Q36.424 11.774 36.768 11.646Q37.111 11.517 37.484 11.465Q37.856 11.412 38.161 11.412L38.161 11.159Q38.161 10.954 38.053 10.774Q37.945 10.595 37.764 10.492Q37.583 10.390 37.375 10.390Q36.968 10.390 36.732 10.482Q36.821 10.519 36.867 10.603Q36.913 10.687 36.913 10.789Q36.913 10.885 36.867 10.964Q36.821 11.042 36.740 11.087Q36.660 11.131 36.571 11.131Q36.421 11.131 36.320 11.034Q36.219 10.936 36.219 10.789Q36.219 10.167 37.375 10.167Q37.586 10.167 37.836 10.231Q38.085 10.294 38.287 10.413Q38.489 10.533 38.615 10.718Q38.742 10.902 38.742 11.145L38.742 12.721Q38.742 12.837 38.803 12.933Q38.865 13.028 38.978 13.028Q39.087 13.028 39.152 12.934Q39.217 12.840 39.217 12.721L39.217 12.273L39.483 12.273L39.483 12.721Q39.483 12.991 39.256 13.156Q39.029 13.322 38.749 13.322Q38.540 13.322 38.403 13.168Q38.267 13.015 38.243 12.799Q38.096 13.066 37.814 13.211Q37.532 13.356 37.207 13.356Q36.930 13.356 36.646 13.281Q36.363 13.206 36.170 13.027Q35.977 12.847 35.977 12.560M36.592 12.560Q36.592 12.734 36.693 12.864Q36.793 12.994 36.949 13.064Q37.104 13.134 37.269 13.134Q37.487 13.134 37.696 13.037Q37.904 12.939 38.032 12.758Q38.161 12.577 38.161 12.351L38.161 11.623Q37.836 11.623 37.470 11.714Q37.104 11.805 36.848 12.017Q36.592 12.228 36.592 12.560M41.582 13.288L39.948 13.288L39.948 13.008Q40.177 13.008 40.326 12.974Q40.475 12.939 40.475 12.799L40.475 10.950Q40.475 10.680 40.367 10.619Q40.259 10.557 39.948 10.557L39.948 10.277L41.008 10.202L41.008 10.851Q41.179 10.543 41.483 10.372Q41.787 10.202 42.132 10.202Q42.638 10.202 42.922 10.425Q43.206 10.649 43.206 11.145L43.206 12.799Q43.206 12.936 43.354 12.972Q43.503 13.008 43.729 13.008L43.729 13.288L42.098 13.288L42.098 13.008Q42.327 13.008 42.476 12.974Q42.625 12.939 42.625 12.799L42.625 11.159Q42.625 10.824 42.505 10.624Q42.385 10.424 42.071 10.424Q41.801 10.424 41.567 10.560Q41.333 10.697 41.194 10.931Q41.056 11.165 41.056 11.439L41.056 12.799Q41.056 12.936 41.206 12.972Q41.356 13.008 41.582 13.008\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-75.117 -52.648)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M44.632 12.447L44.632 10.550L43.993 10.550L43.993 10.328Q44.311 10.328 44.528 10.118Q44.745 9.908 44.845 9.598Q44.946 9.289 44.946 8.981L45.213 8.981L45.213 10.270L46.290 10.270L46.290 10.550L45.213 10.550L45.213 12.434Q45.213 12.710 45.317 12.909Q45.421 13.107 45.681 13.107Q45.838 13.107 45.944 13.003Q46.050 12.898 46.100 12.745Q46.149 12.591 46.149 12.434L46.149 12.020L46.416 12.020L46.416 12.447Q46.416 12.673 46.317 12.883Q46.218 13.093 46.033 13.225Q45.849 13.356 45.620 13.356Q45.182 13.356 44.907 13.119Q44.632 12.881 44.632 12.447M48.843 13.288L47.291 13.288L47.291 13.008Q47.517 13.008 47.665 12.974Q47.814 12.939 47.814 12.799L47.814 10.950Q47.814 10.762 47.766 10.678Q47.718 10.595 47.621 10.576Q47.523 10.557 47.312 10.557L47.312 10.277L48.368 10.202L48.368 12.799Q48.368 12.939 48.499 12.974Q48.631 13.008 48.843 13.008L48.843 13.288M47.571 8.981Q47.571 8.810 47.694 8.691Q47.817 8.571 47.988 8.571Q48.156 8.571 48.279 8.691Q48.402 8.810 48.402 8.981Q48.402 9.156 48.279 9.279Q48.156 9.402 47.988 9.402Q47.817 9.402 47.694 9.279Q47.571 9.156 47.571 8.981M49.489 11.777Q49.489 11.449 49.624 11.148Q49.759 10.848 49.995 10.627Q50.230 10.407 50.535 10.287Q50.839 10.167 51.164 10.167Q51.669 10.167 52.018 10.270Q52.367 10.372 52.367 10.748Q52.367 10.895 52.269 10.996Q52.172 11.097 52.025 11.097Q51.871 11.097 51.772 10.998Q51.673 10.899 51.673 10.748Q51.673 10.560 51.813 10.468Q51.611 10.417 51.170 10.417Q50.815 10.417 50.586 10.613Q50.357 10.810 50.256 11.119Q50.155 11.429 50.155 11.777Q50.155 12.126 50.282 12.432Q50.408 12.738 50.663 12.922Q50.917 13.107 51.273 13.107Q51.495 13.107 51.680 13.023Q51.864 12.939 51.999 12.784Q52.134 12.628 52.192 12.420Q52.206 12.365 52.261 12.365L52.374 12.365Q52.404 12.365 52.426 12.389Q52.449 12.413 52.449 12.447L52.449 12.468Q52.363 12.755 52.175 12.953Q51.987 13.151 51.722 13.254Q51.458 13.356 51.164 13.356Q50.733 13.356 50.345 13.150Q49.957 12.943 49.723 12.580Q49.489 12.218 49.489 11.777M54.653 13.288L53.102 13.288L53.102 13.008Q53.327 13.008 53.476 12.974Q53.624 12.939 53.624 12.799L53.624 10.950Q53.624 10.762 53.577 10.678Q53.529 10.595 53.431 10.576Q53.334 10.557 53.122 10.557L53.122 10.277L54.178 10.202L54.178 12.799Q54.178 12.939 54.310 12.974Q54.441 13.008 54.653 13.008L54.653 13.288M53.382 8.981Q53.382 8.810 53.505 8.691Q53.628 8.571 53.799 8.571Q53.966 8.571 54.089 8.691Q54.212 8.810 54.212 8.981Q54.212 9.156 54.089 9.279Q53.966 9.402 53.799 9.402Q53.628 9.402 53.505 9.279Q53.382 9.156 53.382 8.981M56.943 14.645L55.313 14.645L55.313 14.365Q55.542 14.365 55.691 14.330Q55.839 14.296 55.839 14.156L55.839 10.810Q55.839 10.639 55.703 10.598Q55.566 10.557 55.313 10.557L55.313 10.277L56.393 10.202L56.393 10.608Q56.615 10.407 56.902 10.304Q57.189 10.202 57.497 10.202Q57.924 10.202 58.288 10.415Q58.652 10.629 58.866 10.993Q59.080 11.357 59.080 11.777Q59.080 12.222 58.840 12.586Q58.601 12.950 58.208 13.153Q57.815 13.356 57.371 13.356Q57.104 13.356 56.856 13.256Q56.608 13.155 56.420 12.974L56.420 14.156Q56.420 14.293 56.569 14.329Q56.718 14.365 56.943 14.365L56.943 14.645M56.420 10.957L56.420 12.567Q56.554 12.820 56.796 12.977Q57.039 13.134 57.316 13.134Q57.644 13.134 57.897 12.933Q58.150 12.731 58.283 12.413Q58.416 12.095 58.416 11.777Q58.416 11.548 58.352 11.319Q58.287 11.090 58.158 10.892Q58.030 10.694 57.835 10.574Q57.641 10.455 57.408 10.455Q57.114 10.455 56.846 10.584Q56.578 10.714 56.420 10.957M59.773 12.560Q59.773 12.228 59.997 12.001Q60.221 11.774 60.565 11.646Q60.908 11.517 61.281 11.465Q61.653 11.412 61.958 11.412L61.958 11.159Q61.958 10.954 61.850 10.774Q61.742 10.595 61.561 10.492Q61.380 10.390 61.171 10.390Q60.765 10.390 60.529 10.482Q60.618 10.519 60.664 10.603Q60.710 10.687 60.710 10.789Q60.710 10.885 60.664 10.964Q60.618 11.042 60.537 11.087Q60.457 11.131 60.368 11.131Q60.218 11.131 60.117 11.034Q60.016 10.936 60.016 10.789Q60.016 10.167 61.171 10.167Q61.383 10.167 61.633 10.231Q61.882 10.294 62.084 10.413Q62.286 10.533 62.412 10.718Q62.539 10.902 62.539 11.145L62.539 12.721Q62.539 12.837 62.600 12.933Q62.662 13.028 62.774 13.028Q62.884 13.028 62.949 12.934Q63.014 12.840 63.014 12.721L63.014 12.273L63.280 12.273L63.280 12.721Q63.280 12.991 63.053 13.156Q62.826 13.322 62.545 13.322Q62.337 13.322 62.200 13.168Q62.063 13.015 62.040 12.799Q61.893 13.066 61.611 13.211Q61.329 13.356 61.004 13.356Q60.727 13.356 60.443 13.281Q60.160 13.206 59.967 13.027Q59.773 12.847 59.773 12.560M60.389 12.560Q60.389 12.734 60.489 12.864Q60.590 12.994 60.746 13.064Q60.901 13.134 61.065 13.134Q61.284 13.134 61.493 13.037Q61.701 12.939 61.829 12.758Q61.958 12.577 61.958 12.351L61.958 11.623Q61.633 11.623 61.267 11.714Q60.901 11.805 60.645 12.017Q60.389 12.228 60.389 12.560M64.224 12.447L64.224 10.550L63.584 10.550L63.584 10.328Q63.902 10.328 64.119 10.118Q64.336 9.908 64.437 9.598Q64.538 9.289 64.538 8.981L64.805 8.981L64.805 10.270L65.881 10.270L65.881 10.550L64.805 10.550L64.805 12.434Q64.805 12.710 64.909 12.909Q65.013 13.107 65.273 13.107Q65.430 13.107 65.536 13.003Q65.642 12.898 65.692 12.745Q65.741 12.591 65.741 12.434L65.741 12.020L66.008 12.020L66.008 12.447Q66.008 12.673 65.909 12.883Q65.810 13.093 65.625 13.225Q65.440 13.356 65.211 13.356Q64.774 13.356 64.499 13.119Q64.224 12.881 64.224 12.447M68.435 13.288L66.883 13.288L66.883 13.008Q67.108 13.008 67.257 12.974Q67.406 12.939 67.406 12.799L67.406 10.950Q67.406 10.762 67.358 10.678Q67.310 10.595 67.213 10.576Q67.115 10.557 66.903 10.557L66.903 10.277L67.959 10.202L67.959 12.799Q67.959 12.939 68.091 12.974Q68.223 13.008 68.435 13.008L68.435 13.288M67.163 8.981Q67.163 8.810 67.286 8.691Q67.409 8.571 67.580 8.571Q67.748 8.571 67.871 8.691Q67.994 8.810 67.994 8.981Q67.994 9.156 67.871 9.279Q67.748 9.402 67.580 9.402Q67.409 9.402 67.286 9.279Q67.163 9.156 67.163 8.981M69.040 11.805Q69.040 11.463 69.175 11.164Q69.310 10.865 69.549 10.641Q69.788 10.417 70.106 10.292Q70.424 10.167 70.755 10.167Q71.200 10.167 71.600 10.383Q71.999 10.598 72.234 10.976Q72.468 11.353 72.468 11.805Q72.468 12.146 72.326 12.430Q72.184 12.714 71.940 12.921Q71.695 13.127 71.386 13.242Q71.077 13.356 70.755 13.356Q70.325 13.356 69.923 13.155Q69.521 12.953 69.281 12.601Q69.040 12.249 69.040 11.805M70.755 13.107Q71.357 13.107 71.581 12.729Q71.805 12.351 71.805 11.719Q71.805 11.107 71.571 10.748Q71.336 10.390 70.755 10.390Q69.703 10.390 69.703 11.719Q69.703 12.351 69.928 12.729Q70.154 13.107 70.755 13.107M74.744 13.288L73.110 13.288L73.110 13.008Q73.339 13.008 73.488 12.974Q73.637 12.939 73.637 12.799L73.637 10.950Q73.637 10.680 73.529 10.619Q73.421 10.557 73.110 10.557L73.110 10.277L74.170 10.202L74.170 10.851Q74.341 10.543 74.645 10.372Q74.949 10.202 75.294 10.202Q75.800 10.202 76.084 10.425Q76.368 10.649 76.368 11.145L76.368 12.799Q76.368 12.936 76.516 12.972Q76.665 13.008 76.891 13.008L76.891 13.288L75.260 13.288L75.260 13.008Q75.489 13.008 75.638 12.974Q75.787 12.939 75.787 12.799L75.787 11.159Q75.787 10.824 75.667 10.624Q75.547 10.424 75.233 10.424Q74.963 10.424 74.729 10.560Q74.495 10.697 74.356 10.931Q74.218 11.165 74.218 11.439L74.218 12.799Q74.218 12.936 74.368 12.972Q74.519 13.008 74.744 13.008\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M35.604-54.798V81.375M-16.834 13.288H88.041M81.202-32.297l-91.187 91.17M-9.994-32.297l91.187 91.17\" style=\"stroke-dasharray:3.0,3.0\"\u002F>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(105.963 78.572)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M35.918 11.777Q35.918 11.439 36.059 11.148Q36.199 10.858 36.443 10.644Q36.687 10.431 36.992 10.316Q37.296 10.202 37.621 10.202Q37.891 10.202 38.154 10.301Q38.417 10.400 38.608 10.578L38.608 9.180Q38.608 8.910 38.501 8.848Q38.393 8.787 38.082 8.787L38.082 8.506L39.159 8.431L39.159 12.615Q39.159 12.803 39.213 12.886Q39.268 12.970 39.369 12.989Q39.470 13.008 39.685 13.008L39.685 13.288L38.578 13.356L38.578 12.939Q38.161 13.356 37.535 13.356Q37.104 13.356 36.732 13.144Q36.359 12.933 36.139 12.572Q35.918 12.211 35.918 11.777M37.593 13.134Q37.802 13.134 37.988 13.062Q38.174 12.991 38.328 12.854Q38.482 12.717 38.578 12.539L38.578 10.930Q38.492 10.783 38.347 10.663Q38.202 10.543 38.032 10.484Q37.863 10.424 37.682 10.424Q37.122 10.424 36.853 10.813Q36.585 11.203 36.585 11.784Q36.585 12.355 36.819 12.745Q37.053 13.134 37.593 13.134M40.393 12.560Q40.393 12.228 40.616 12.001Q40.840 11.774 41.184 11.646Q41.527 11.517 41.900 11.465Q42.272 11.412 42.577 11.412L42.577 11.159Q42.577 10.954 42.469 10.774Q42.361 10.595 42.180 10.492Q41.999 10.390 41.791 10.390Q41.384 10.390 41.148 10.482Q41.237 10.519 41.283 10.603Q41.329 10.687 41.329 10.789Q41.329 10.885 41.283 10.964Q41.237 11.042 41.156 11.087Q41.076 11.131 40.987 11.131Q40.837 11.131 40.736 11.034Q40.635 10.936 40.635 10.789Q40.635 10.167 41.791 10.167Q42.002 10.167 42.252 10.231Q42.501 10.294 42.703 10.413Q42.905 10.533 43.031 10.718Q43.158 10.902 43.158 11.145L43.158 12.721Q43.158 12.837 43.219 12.933Q43.281 13.028 43.394 13.028Q43.503 13.028 43.568 12.934Q43.633 12.840 43.633 12.721L43.633 12.273L43.899 12.273L43.899 12.721Q43.899 12.991 43.672 13.156Q43.445 13.322 43.165 13.322Q42.956 13.322 42.819 13.168Q42.683 13.015 42.659 12.799Q42.512 13.066 42.230 13.211Q41.948 13.356 41.623 13.356Q41.346 13.356 41.062 13.281Q40.779 13.206 40.586 13.027Q40.393 12.847 40.393 12.560M41.008 12.560Q41.008 12.734 41.109 12.864Q41.209 12.994 41.365 13.064Q41.521 13.134 41.685 13.134Q41.903 13.134 42.112 13.037Q42.320 12.939 42.448 12.758Q42.577 12.577 42.577 12.351L42.577 11.623Q42.252 11.623 41.886 11.714Q41.521 11.805 41.264 12.017Q41.008 12.228 41.008 12.560M44.316 13.281L44.316 12.218Q44.316 12.194 44.344 12.167Q44.371 12.140 44.395 12.140L44.504 12.140Q44.569 12.140 44.583 12.198Q44.679 12.632 44.925 12.883Q45.171 13.134 45.584 13.134Q45.926 13.134 46.179 13.001Q46.432 12.868 46.432 12.560Q46.432 12.403 46.338 12.288Q46.244 12.174 46.106 12.105Q45.967 12.037 45.800 11.999L45.219 11.900Q44.863 11.832 44.590 11.611Q44.316 11.391 44.316 11.049Q44.316 10.800 44.427 10.625Q44.539 10.451 44.725 10.352Q44.911 10.253 45.126 10.210Q45.342 10.167 45.584 10.167Q45.998 10.167 46.278 10.349L46.494 10.174Q46.504 10.171 46.511 10.169Q46.518 10.167 46.528 10.167L46.579 10.167Q46.606 10.167 46.630 10.191Q46.654 10.215 46.654 10.243L46.654 11.090Q46.654 11.111 46.630 11.138Q46.606 11.165 46.579 11.165L46.466 11.165Q46.439 11.165 46.413 11.140Q46.388 11.114 46.388 11.090Q46.388 10.854 46.282 10.690Q46.176 10.526 45.993 10.444Q45.810 10.362 45.578 10.362Q45.250 10.362 44.993 10.465Q44.737 10.567 44.737 10.844Q44.737 11.039 44.920 11.148Q45.103 11.258 45.332 11.299L45.906 11.405Q46.152 11.453 46.365 11.581Q46.579 11.709 46.716 11.912Q46.853 12.116 46.853 12.365Q46.853 12.878 46.487 13.117Q46.121 13.356 45.584 13.356Q45.089 13.356 44.757 13.062L44.491 13.336Q44.470 13.356 44.443 13.356L44.395 13.356Q44.371 13.356 44.344 13.329Q44.316 13.302 44.316 13.281M49.163 13.288L47.529 13.288L47.529 13.008Q47.758 13.008 47.907 12.974Q48.056 12.939 48.056 12.799L48.056 9.180Q48.056 8.910 47.948 8.848Q47.840 8.787 47.529 8.787L47.529 8.506L48.609 8.431L48.609 10.817Q48.715 10.632 48.893 10.490Q49.071 10.349 49.279 10.275Q49.488 10.202 49.713 10.202Q50.219 10.202 50.503 10.425Q50.787 10.649 50.787 11.145L50.787 12.799Q50.787 12.936 50.935 12.972Q51.084 13.008 51.310 13.008L51.310 13.288L49.679 13.288L49.679 13.008Q49.908 13.008 50.057 12.974Q50.206 12.939 50.206 12.799L50.206 11.159Q50.206 10.824 50.086 10.624Q49.966 10.424 49.652 10.424Q49.382 10.424 49.148 10.560Q48.914 10.697 48.775 10.931Q48.637 11.165 48.637 11.439L48.637 12.799Q48.637 12.936 48.787 12.972Q48.937 13.008 49.163 13.008L49.163 13.288M51.856 11.753Q51.856 11.432 51.981 11.143Q52.106 10.854 52.332 10.631Q52.557 10.407 52.853 10.287Q53.148 10.167 53.466 10.167Q53.794 10.167 54.056 10.267Q54.317 10.366 54.493 10.548Q54.669 10.731 54.763 10.989Q54.857 11.247 54.857 11.579Q54.857 11.671 54.775 11.692L52.520 11.692L52.520 11.753Q52.520 12.341 52.803 12.724Q53.087 13.107 53.654 13.107Q53.976 13.107 54.244 12.914Q54.512 12.721 54.601 12.406Q54.608 12.365 54.683 12.351L54.775 12.351Q54.857 12.375 54.857 12.447Q54.857 12.454 54.851 12.481Q54.738 12.878 54.367 13.117Q53.996 13.356 53.572 13.356Q53.135 13.356 52.735 13.148Q52.335 12.939 52.096 12.572Q51.856 12.205 51.856 11.753M52.526 11.483L54.341 11.483Q54.341 11.206 54.244 10.954Q54.146 10.701 53.948 10.545Q53.750 10.390 53.466 10.390Q53.189 10.390 52.976 10.548Q52.762 10.707 52.644 10.962Q52.526 11.217 52.526 11.483M55.445 11.777Q55.445 11.439 55.585 11.148Q55.726 10.858 55.970 10.644Q56.214 10.431 56.519 10.316Q56.823 10.202 57.147 10.202Q57.417 10.202 57.681 10.301Q57.944 10.400 58.135 10.578L58.135 9.180Q58.135 8.910 58.028 8.848Q57.920 8.787 57.609 8.787L57.609 8.506L58.686 8.431L58.686 12.615Q58.686 12.803 58.740 12.886Q58.795 12.970 58.896 12.989Q58.997 13.008 59.212 13.008L59.212 13.288L58.104 13.356L58.104 12.939Q57.687 13.356 57.062 13.356Q56.631 13.356 56.259 13.144Q55.886 12.933 55.666 12.572Q55.445 12.211 55.445 11.777M57.120 13.134Q57.329 13.134 57.515 13.062Q57.701 12.991 57.855 12.854Q58.009 12.717 58.104 12.539L58.104 10.930Q58.019 10.783 57.874 10.663Q57.729 10.543 57.559 10.484Q57.390 10.424 57.209 10.424Q56.648 10.424 56.380 10.813Q56.112 11.203 56.112 11.784Q56.112 12.355 56.346 12.745Q56.580 13.134 57.120 13.134\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(105.963 78.572)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M67.740 12.481L62.907 12.481Q62.839 12.471 62.793 12.425Q62.747 12.379 62.747 12.307Q62.747 12.242 62.793 12.196Q62.839 12.150 62.907 12.140L67.740 12.140Q67.809 12.150 67.855 12.196Q67.901 12.242 67.901 12.307Q67.901 12.379 67.855 12.425Q67.809 12.471 67.740 12.481M67.740 10.943L62.907 10.943Q62.839 10.933 62.793 10.887Q62.747 10.841 62.747 10.769Q62.747 10.625 62.907 10.601L67.740 10.601Q67.901 10.625 67.901 10.769Q67.901 10.841 67.855 10.887Q67.809 10.933 67.740 10.943\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(105.963 78.572)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M71.364 11.805Q71.364 11.463 71.499 11.164Q71.634 10.865 71.874 10.641Q72.113 10.417 72.431 10.292Q72.749 10.167 73.080 10.167Q73.525 10.167 73.924 10.383Q74.324 10.598 74.559 10.976Q74.793 11.353 74.793 11.805Q74.793 12.146 74.651 12.430Q74.509 12.714 74.265 12.921Q74.020 13.127 73.711 13.242Q73.402 13.356 73.080 13.356Q72.650 13.356 72.248 13.155Q71.846 12.953 71.605 12.601Q71.364 12.249 71.364 11.805M73.080 13.107Q73.682 13.107 73.906 12.729Q74.130 12.351 74.130 11.719Q74.130 11.107 73.895 10.748Q73.661 10.390 73.080 10.390Q72.028 10.390 72.028 11.719Q72.028 12.351 72.253 12.729Q72.479 13.107 73.080 13.107M77.031 14.645L75.401 14.645L75.401 14.365Q75.630 14.365 75.779 14.330Q75.927 14.296 75.927 14.156L75.927 10.810Q75.927 10.639 75.791 10.598Q75.654 10.557 75.401 10.557L75.401 10.277L76.481 10.202L76.481 10.608Q76.703 10.407 76.990 10.304Q77.278 10.202 77.585 10.202Q78.012 10.202 78.376 10.415Q78.740 10.629 78.954 10.993Q79.168 11.357 79.168 11.777Q79.168 12.222 78.928 12.586Q78.689 12.950 78.296 13.153Q77.903 13.356 77.459 13.356Q77.192 13.356 76.944 13.256Q76.696 13.155 76.508 12.974L76.508 14.156Q76.508 14.293 76.657 14.329Q76.806 14.365 77.031 14.365L77.031 14.645M76.508 10.957L76.508 12.567Q76.642 12.820 76.884 12.977Q77.127 13.134 77.404 13.134Q77.732 13.134 77.985 12.933Q78.238 12.731 78.371 12.413Q78.505 12.095 78.505 11.777Q78.505 11.548 78.440 11.319Q78.375 11.090 78.247 10.892Q78.118 10.694 77.924 10.574Q77.729 10.455 77.496 10.455Q77.202 10.455 76.934 10.584Q76.666 10.714 76.508 10.957M81.447 14.645L79.817 14.645L79.817 14.365Q80.046 14.365 80.195 14.330Q80.343 14.296 80.343 14.156L80.343 10.810Q80.343 10.639 80.207 10.598Q80.070 10.557 79.817 10.557L79.817 10.277L80.897 10.202L80.897 10.608Q81.119 10.407 81.406 10.304Q81.694 10.202 82.001 10.202Q82.428 10.202 82.792 10.415Q83.156 10.629 83.370 10.993Q83.584 11.357 83.584 11.777Q83.584 12.222 83.344 12.586Q83.105 12.950 82.712 13.153Q82.319 13.356 81.875 13.356Q81.608 13.356 81.360 13.256Q81.112 13.155 80.924 12.974L80.924 14.156Q80.924 14.293 81.073 14.329Q81.222 14.365 81.447 14.365L81.447 14.645M80.924 10.957L80.924 12.567Q81.058 12.820 81.300 12.977Q81.543 13.134 81.820 13.134Q82.148 13.134 82.401 12.933Q82.654 12.731 82.787 12.413Q82.921 12.095 82.921 11.777Q82.921 11.548 82.856 11.319Q82.791 11.090 82.663 10.892Q82.534 10.694 82.340 10.574Q82.145 10.455 81.912 10.455Q81.618 10.455 81.350 10.584Q81.082 10.714 80.924 10.957\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(105.963 78.572)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M84.399 11.805Q84.399 11.463 84.534 11.164Q84.669 10.865 84.909 10.641Q85.148 10.417 85.466 10.292Q85.784 10.167 86.115 10.167Q86.560 10.167 86.959 10.383Q87.359 10.598 87.594 10.976Q87.828 11.353 87.828 11.805Q87.828 12.146 87.686 12.430Q87.544 12.714 87.300 12.921Q87.055 13.127 86.746 13.242Q86.437 13.356 86.115 13.356Q85.685 13.356 85.283 13.155Q84.881 12.953 84.640 12.601Q84.399 12.249 84.399 11.805M86.115 13.107Q86.717 13.107 86.941 12.729Q87.165 12.351 87.165 11.719Q87.165 11.107 86.930 10.748Q86.696 10.390 86.115 10.390Q85.063 10.390 85.063 11.719Q85.063 12.351 85.288 12.729Q85.514 13.107 86.115 13.107M88.422 13.281L88.422 12.218Q88.422 12.194 88.450 12.167Q88.477 12.140 88.501 12.140L88.610 12.140Q88.675 12.140 88.689 12.198Q88.785 12.632 89.031 12.883Q89.277 13.134 89.690 13.134Q90.032 13.134 90.285 13.001Q90.538 12.868 90.538 12.560Q90.538 12.403 90.444 12.288Q90.350 12.174 90.212 12.105Q90.073 12.037 89.906 11.999L89.325 11.900Q88.969 11.832 88.696 11.611Q88.422 11.391 88.422 11.049Q88.422 10.800 88.533 10.625Q88.645 10.451 88.831 10.352Q89.017 10.253 89.232 10.210Q89.448 10.167 89.690 10.167Q90.104 10.167 90.384 10.349L90.600 10.174Q90.610 10.171 90.617 10.169Q90.624 10.167 90.634 10.167L90.685 10.167Q90.712 10.167 90.736 10.191Q90.760 10.215 90.760 10.243L90.760 11.090Q90.760 11.111 90.736 11.138Q90.712 11.165 90.685 11.165L90.572 11.165Q90.545 11.165 90.519 11.140Q90.494 11.114 90.494 11.090Q90.494 10.854 90.388 10.690Q90.282 10.526 90.099 10.444Q89.916 10.362 89.684 10.362Q89.355 10.362 89.099 10.465Q88.843 10.567 88.843 10.844Q88.843 11.039 89.026 11.148Q89.209 11.258 89.438 11.299L90.012 11.405Q90.258 11.453 90.471 11.581Q90.685 11.709 90.822 11.912Q90.959 12.116 90.959 12.365Q90.959 12.878 90.593 13.117Q90.227 13.356 89.690 13.356Q89.195 13.356 88.863 13.062L88.597 13.336Q88.576 13.356 88.549 13.356L88.501 13.356Q88.477 13.356 88.450 13.329Q88.422 13.302 88.422 13.281M93.204 13.288L91.652 13.288L91.652 13.008Q91.878 13.008 92.027 12.974Q92.175 12.939 92.175 12.799L92.175 10.950Q92.175 10.762 92.127 10.678Q92.080 10.595 91.982 10.576Q91.885 10.557 91.673 10.557L91.673 10.277L92.729 10.202L92.729 12.799Q92.729 12.939 92.861 12.974Q92.992 13.008 93.204 13.008L93.204 13.288M91.933 8.981Q91.933 8.810 92.056 8.691Q92.179 8.571 92.350 8.571Q92.517 8.571 92.640 8.691Q92.763 8.810 92.763 8.981Q92.763 9.156 92.640 9.279Q92.517 9.402 92.350 9.402Q92.179 9.402 92.056 9.279Q91.933 9.156 91.933 8.981M95.532 13.288L93.898 13.288L93.898 13.008Q94.127 13.008 94.276 12.974Q94.424 12.939 94.424 12.799L94.424 10.950Q94.424 10.680 94.317 10.619Q94.209 10.557 93.898 10.557L93.898 10.277L94.958 10.202L94.958 10.851Q95.128 10.543 95.433 10.372Q95.737 10.202 96.082 10.202Q96.588 10.202 96.872 10.425Q97.155 10.649 97.155 11.145L97.155 12.799Q97.155 12.936 97.304 12.972Q97.453 13.008 97.678 13.008L97.678 13.288L96.048 13.288L96.048 13.008Q96.277 13.008 96.426 12.974Q96.574 12.939 96.574 12.799L96.574 11.159Q96.574 10.824 96.455 10.624Q96.335 10.424 96.021 10.424Q95.751 10.424 95.516 10.560Q95.282 10.697 95.144 10.931Q95.005 11.165 95.005 11.439L95.005 12.799Q95.005 12.936 95.156 12.972Q95.306 13.008 95.532 13.008L95.532 13.288M98.225 13.821Q98.225 13.575 98.422 13.391Q98.618 13.206 98.875 13.127Q98.738 13.015 98.666 12.854Q98.594 12.693 98.594 12.512Q98.594 12.191 98.806 11.945Q98.471 11.647 98.471 11.237Q98.471 10.776 98.861 10.489Q99.251 10.202 99.729 10.202Q100.201 10.202 100.536 10.448Q100.710 10.294 100.920 10.212Q101.130 10.130 101.359 10.130Q101.523 10.130 101.645 10.237Q101.766 10.345 101.766 10.509Q101.766 10.605 101.694 10.677Q101.623 10.748 101.530 10.748Q101.431 10.748 101.361 10.675Q101.291 10.601 101.291 10.502Q101.291 10.448 101.305 10.417L101.312 10.403Q101.318 10.383 101.327 10.372Q101.335 10.362 101.339 10.355Q100.983 10.355 100.696 10.578Q100.983 10.871 100.983 11.237Q100.983 11.552 100.799 11.784Q100.614 12.017 100.325 12.145Q100.037 12.273 99.729 12.273Q99.527 12.273 99.336 12.223Q99.145 12.174 98.967 12.064Q98.875 12.191 98.875 12.334Q98.875 12.516 99.003 12.651Q99.131 12.786 99.315 12.786L99.948 12.786Q100.396 12.786 100.765 12.857Q101.134 12.929 101.394 13.158Q101.653 13.387 101.653 13.821Q101.653 14.142 101.358 14.344Q101.062 14.546 100.659 14.635Q100.255 14.724 99.941 14.724Q99.623 14.724 99.220 14.635Q98.816 14.546 98.521 14.344Q98.225 14.142 98.225 13.821M98.680 13.821Q98.680 14.050 98.898 14.199Q99.117 14.348 99.409 14.416Q99.702 14.484 99.941 14.484Q100.105 14.484 100.314 14.448Q100.522 14.413 100.729 14.332Q100.936 14.252 101.067 14.124Q101.199 13.996 101.199 13.821Q101.199 13.469 100.818 13.375Q100.437 13.281 99.934 13.281L99.315 13.281Q99.076 13.281 98.878 13.432Q98.680 13.582 98.680 13.821M99.729 12.034Q100.396 12.034 100.396 11.237Q100.396 10.437 99.729 10.437Q99.059 10.437 99.059 11.237Q99.059 12.034 99.729 12.034\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(105.963 78.572)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M106.600 14.645L104.970 14.645L104.970 14.365Q105.199 14.365 105.348 14.330Q105.496 14.296 105.496 14.156L105.496 10.810Q105.496 10.639 105.360 10.598Q105.223 10.557 104.970 10.557L104.970 10.277L106.050 10.202L106.050 10.608Q106.272 10.407 106.559 10.304Q106.847 10.202 107.154 10.202Q107.581 10.202 107.945 10.415Q108.309 10.629 108.523 10.993Q108.737 11.357 108.737 11.777Q108.737 12.222 108.497 12.586Q108.258 12.950 107.865 13.153Q107.472 13.356 107.028 13.356Q106.761 13.356 106.513 13.256Q106.266 13.155 106.078 12.974L106.078 14.156Q106.078 14.293 106.226 14.329Q106.375 14.365 106.600 14.365L106.600 14.645M106.078 10.957L106.078 12.567Q106.211 12.820 106.454 12.977Q106.696 13.134 106.973 13.134Q107.301 13.134 107.554 12.933Q107.807 12.731 107.940 12.413Q108.074 12.095 108.074 11.777Q108.074 11.548 108.009 11.319Q107.944 11.090 107.816 10.892Q107.687 10.694 107.493 10.574Q107.298 10.455 107.065 10.455Q106.771 10.455 106.503 10.584Q106.235 10.714 106.078 10.957M109.431 12.560Q109.431 12.228 109.654 12.001Q109.878 11.774 110.222 11.646Q110.565 11.517 110.938 11.465Q111.310 11.412 111.615 11.412L111.615 11.159Q111.615 10.954 111.507 10.774Q111.399 10.595 111.218 10.492Q111.037 10.390 110.829 10.390Q110.422 10.390 110.186 10.482Q110.275 10.519 110.321 10.603Q110.367 10.687 110.367 10.789Q110.367 10.885 110.321 10.964Q110.275 11.042 110.194 11.087Q110.114 11.131 110.025 11.131Q109.875 11.131 109.774 11.034Q109.673 10.936 109.673 10.789Q109.673 10.167 110.829 10.167Q111.040 10.167 111.290 10.231Q111.539 10.294 111.741 10.413Q111.943 10.533 112.069 10.718Q112.196 10.902 112.196 11.145L112.196 12.721Q112.196 12.837 112.257 12.933Q112.319 13.028 112.432 13.028Q112.541 13.028 112.606 12.934Q112.671 12.840 112.671 12.721L112.671 12.273L112.937 12.273L112.937 12.721Q112.937 12.991 112.710 13.156Q112.483 13.322 112.203 13.322Q111.994 13.322 111.857 13.168Q111.721 13.015 111.697 12.799Q111.550 13.066 111.268 13.211Q110.986 13.356 110.661 13.356Q110.384 13.356 110.100 13.281Q109.817 13.206 109.624 13.027Q109.431 12.847 109.431 12.560M110.046 12.560Q110.046 12.734 110.147 12.864Q110.247 12.994 110.403 13.064Q110.559 13.134 110.723 13.134Q110.941 13.134 111.150 13.037Q111.358 12.939 111.486 12.758Q111.615 12.577 111.615 12.351L111.615 11.623Q111.290 11.623 110.924 11.714Q110.559 11.805 110.302 12.017Q110.046 12.228 110.046 12.560M114.971 13.288L113.419 13.288L113.419 13.008Q113.645 13.008 113.794 12.974Q113.942 12.939 113.942 12.799L113.942 10.950Q113.942 10.762 113.894 10.678Q113.847 10.595 113.749 10.576Q113.652 10.557 113.440 10.557L113.440 10.277L114.496 10.202L114.496 12.799Q114.496 12.939 114.628 12.974Q114.759 13.008 114.971 13.008L114.971 13.288M113.700 8.981Q113.700 8.810 113.823 8.691Q113.946 8.571 114.117 8.571Q114.284 8.571 114.407 8.691Q114.530 8.810 114.530 8.981Q114.530 9.156 114.407 9.279Q114.284 9.402 114.117 9.402Q113.946 9.402 113.823 9.279Q113.700 9.156 113.700 8.981M117.367 13.288L115.631 13.288L115.631 13.008Q115.860 13.008 116.008 12.974Q116.157 12.939 116.157 12.799L116.157 10.950Q116.157 10.680 116.049 10.619Q115.942 10.557 115.631 10.557L115.631 10.277L116.660 10.202L116.660 10.909Q116.789 10.601 117.032 10.402Q117.275 10.202 117.593 10.202Q117.811 10.202 117.982 10.326Q118.153 10.451 118.153 10.663Q118.153 10.800 118.054 10.899Q117.955 10.998 117.822 10.998Q117.685 10.998 117.586 10.899Q117.487 10.800 117.487 10.663Q117.487 10.523 117.586 10.424Q117.295 10.424 117.095 10.620Q116.895 10.817 116.803 11.111Q116.711 11.405 116.711 11.685L116.711 12.799Q116.711 13.008 117.367 13.008L117.367 13.288M118.738 13.281L118.738 12.218Q118.738 12.194 118.765 12.167Q118.792 12.140 118.816 12.140L118.926 12.140Q118.991 12.140 119.004 12.198Q119.100 12.632 119.346 12.883Q119.592 13.134 120.006 13.134Q120.348 13.134 120.600 13.001Q120.853 12.868 120.853 12.560Q120.853 12.403 120.759 12.288Q120.665 12.174 120.527 12.105Q120.389 12.037 120.221 11.999L119.640 11.900Q119.285 11.832 119.011 11.611Q118.738 11.391 118.738 11.049Q118.738 10.800 118.849 10.625Q118.960 10.451 119.146 10.352Q119.332 10.253 119.548 10.210Q119.763 10.167 120.006 10.167Q120.419 10.167 120.700 10.349L120.915 10.174Q120.925 10.171 120.932 10.169Q120.939 10.167 120.949 10.167L121 10.167Q121.028 10.167 121.052 10.191Q121.076 10.215 121.076 10.243L121.076 11.090Q121.076 11.111 121.052 11.138Q121.028 11.165 121 11.165L120.888 11.165Q120.860 11.165 120.835 11.140Q120.809 11.114 120.809 11.090Q120.809 10.854 120.703 10.690Q120.597 10.526 120.414 10.444Q120.231 10.362 119.999 10.362Q119.671 10.362 119.414 10.465Q119.158 10.567 119.158 10.844Q119.158 11.039 119.341 11.148Q119.524 11.258 119.753 11.299L120.327 11.405Q120.573 11.453 120.787 11.581Q121 11.709 121.137 11.912Q121.274 12.116 121.274 12.365Q121.274 12.878 120.908 13.117Q120.542 13.356 120.006 13.356Q119.510 13.356 119.179 13.062L118.912 13.336Q118.892 13.356 118.864 13.356L118.816 13.356Q118.792 13.356 118.765 13.329Q118.738 13.302 118.738 13.281\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fsvg>\u003Cfigcaption class=\"tikz-cap\">Plutchik's eight basic emotions in four opposing pairs. Each emotion sits across the wheel from its opposite; blends (love = joy + trust) fill the gaps between neighbors.\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>","\u003Csvg style=\"width:100%;max-width:348.385px;height:auto\" xmlns=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg\" viewBox=\"-75 -75 261.289 177.957\">\u003Cg stroke=\"currentColor\" style=\"stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-width:.4\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-52.542 22.664h200.014\"\u002F>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"m149.472 22.664-3.2-1.6 1.2 1.6-1.2 1.6\"\u002F>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr8\" font-size=\"8\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(108.808 2.778)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M46.236 22.633L45.013 19.777Q44.931 19.602 44.787 19.557Q44.642 19.512 44.373 19.512L44.373 19.215L46.084 19.215L46.084 19.512Q45.662 19.512 45.662 19.695Q45.662 19.730 45.677 19.777L46.623 21.969L47.463 19.992Q47.502 19.914 47.502 19.824Q47.502 19.684 47.396 19.598Q47.291 19.512 47.150 19.512L47.150 19.215L48.502 19.215L48.502 19.512Q47.978 19.512 47.763 19.992L46.638 22.633Q46.576 22.742 46.470 22.742L46.404 22.742Q46.291 22.742 46.236 22.633\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(108.808 2.778)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M48.547 21.832Q48.547 21.348 48.949 21.053Q49.352 20.758 49.902 20.639Q50.453 20.519 50.945 20.519L50.945 20.230Q50.945 20.004 50.830 19.797Q50.715 19.590 50.518 19.471Q50.320 19.352 50.090 19.352Q49.664 19.352 49.379 19.457Q49.449 19.484 49.496 19.539Q49.543 19.594 49.568 19.664Q49.594 19.734 49.594 19.809Q49.594 19.914 49.543 20.006Q49.492 20.098 49.400 20.148Q49.309 20.199 49.203 20.199Q49.098 20.199 49.006 20.148Q48.914 20.098 48.863 20.006Q48.813 19.914 48.813 19.809Q48.813 19.391 49.201 19.244Q49.590 19.098 50.090 19.098Q50.422 19.098 50.775 19.228Q51.129 19.359 51.357 19.613Q51.586 19.867 51.586 20.215L51.586 22.016Q51.586 22.148 51.658 22.258Q51.731 22.367 51.859 22.367Q51.984 22.367 52.053 22.262Q52.121 22.156 52.121 22.016L52.121 21.504L52.402 21.504L52.402 22.016Q52.402 22.219 52.285 22.377Q52.168 22.535 51.986 22.619Q51.805 22.703 51.602 22.703Q51.371 22.703 51.219 22.531Q51.066 22.359 51.035 22.129Q50.875 22.410 50.566 22.576Q50.258 22.742 49.906 22.742Q49.395 22.742 48.971 22.519Q48.547 22.297 48.547 21.832M49.234 21.832Q49.234 22.117 49.461 22.303Q49.688 22.488 49.981 22.488Q50.227 22.488 50.451 22.371Q50.676 22.254 50.811 22.051Q50.945 21.848 50.945 21.594L50.945 20.762Q50.680 20.762 50.395 20.816Q50.109 20.871 49.838 21Q49.566 21.129 49.400 21.336Q49.234 21.543 49.234 21.832M54.609 22.664L52.777 22.664L52.777 22.367Q53.051 22.367 53.219 22.320Q53.387 22.273 53.387 22.105L53.387 17.945Q53.387 17.730 53.324 17.635Q53.262 17.539 53.143 17.518Q53.023 17.496 52.777 17.496L52.777 17.199L54 17.113L54 22.105Q54 22.273 54.168 22.320Q54.336 22.367 54.609 22.367L54.609 22.664M55.055 20.910Q55.055 20.430 55.287 20.014Q55.520 19.598 55.930 19.348Q56.340 19.098 56.816 19.098Q57.547 19.098 57.945 19.539Q58.344 19.980 58.344 20.711Q58.344 20.816 58.250 20.840L55.801 20.840L55.801 20.910Q55.801 21.320 55.922 21.676Q56.043 22.031 56.315 22.248Q56.586 22.465 57.016 22.465Q57.379 22.465 57.676 22.236Q57.973 22.008 58.074 21.656Q58.082 21.609 58.168 21.594L58.250 21.594Q58.344 21.621 58.344 21.703Q58.344 21.711 58.336 21.742Q58.273 21.969 58.135 22.152Q57.996 22.336 57.805 22.469Q57.613 22.602 57.395 22.672Q57.176 22.742 56.938 22.742Q56.566 22.742 56.229 22.605Q55.891 22.469 55.623 22.217Q55.356 21.965 55.205 21.625Q55.055 21.285 55.055 20.910M55.809 20.602L57.770 20.602Q57.770 20.297 57.668 20.006Q57.566 19.715 57.350 19.533Q57.133 19.352 56.816 19.352Q56.516 19.352 56.285 19.539Q56.055 19.727 55.932 20.018Q55.809 20.309 55.809 20.602M60.762 22.664L58.906 22.664L58.906 22.367Q59.180 22.367 59.348 22.320Q59.516 22.273 59.516 22.105L59.516 19.969Q59.516 19.754 59.453 19.658Q59.391 19.562 59.272 19.541Q59.152 19.519 58.906 19.519L58.906 19.223L60.098 19.137L60.098 19.871Q60.211 19.656 60.404 19.488Q60.598 19.320 60.836 19.228Q61.074 19.137 61.328 19.137Q62.496 19.137 62.496 20.215L62.496 22.105Q62.496 22.273 62.666 22.320Q62.836 22.367 63.106 22.367L63.106 22.664L61.250 22.664L61.250 22.367Q61.523 22.367 61.691 22.320Q61.859 22.273 61.859 22.105L61.859 20.230Q61.859 19.848 61.738 19.619Q61.617 19.391 61.266 19.391Q60.953 19.391 60.699 19.553Q60.445 19.715 60.299 19.984Q60.152 20.254 60.152 20.551L60.152 22.105Q60.152 22.273 60.322 22.320Q60.492 22.367 60.762 22.367L60.762 22.664M63.594 20.937Q63.594 20.441 63.844 20.016Q64.094 19.590 64.514 19.344Q64.934 19.098 65.434 19.098Q65.973 19.098 66.363 19.223Q66.754 19.348 66.754 19.762Q66.754 19.867 66.703 19.959Q66.652 20.051 66.561 20.102Q66.469 20.152 66.359 20.152Q66.254 20.152 66.162 20.102Q66.070 20.051 66.020 19.959Q65.969 19.867 65.969 19.762Q65.969 19.539 66.137 19.434Q65.914 19.375 65.441 19.375Q65.145 19.375 64.930 19.514Q64.715 19.652 64.584 19.883Q64.453 20.113 64.395 20.383Q64.336 20.652 64.336 20.937Q64.336 21.332 64.469 21.682Q64.602 22.031 64.873 22.248Q65.145 22.465 65.543 22.465Q65.918 22.465 66.193 22.248Q66.469 22.031 66.570 21.672Q66.586 21.609 66.648 21.609L66.754 21.609Q66.789 21.609 66.815 21.637Q66.840 21.664 66.840 21.703L66.840 21.727Q66.707 22.207 66.322 22.475Q65.938 22.742 65.434 22.742Q65.070 22.742 64.736 22.605Q64.402 22.469 64.143 22.219Q63.883 21.969 63.738 21.633Q63.594 21.297 63.594 20.937M67.328 20.910Q67.328 20.430 67.561 20.014Q67.793 19.598 68.203 19.348Q68.613 19.098 69.090 19.098Q69.820 19.098 70.219 19.539Q70.617 19.980 70.617 20.711Q70.617 20.816 70.523 20.840L68.074 20.840L68.074 20.910Q68.074 21.320 68.195 21.676Q68.316 22.031 68.588 22.248Q68.859 22.465 69.289 22.465Q69.652 22.465 69.949 22.236Q70.246 22.008 70.348 21.656Q70.356 21.609 70.441 21.594L70.523 21.594Q70.617 21.621 70.617 21.703Q70.617 21.711 70.609 21.742Q70.547 21.969 70.408 22.152Q70.270 22.336 70.078 22.469Q69.887 22.602 69.668 22.672Q69.449 22.742 69.211 22.742Q68.840 22.742 68.502 22.605Q68.164 22.469 67.897 22.217Q67.629 21.965 67.479 21.625Q67.328 21.285 67.328 20.910M68.082 20.602L70.043 20.602Q70.043 20.297 69.941 20.006Q69.840 19.715 69.623 19.533Q69.406 19.352 69.090 19.352Q68.789 19.352 68.559 19.539Q68.328 19.727 68.205 20.018Q68.082 20.309 68.082 20.602\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M44.197 99.487V-57.85\"\u002F>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"m44.197-59.849-1.6 3.2 1.6-1.2 1.6 1.2\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-13.25 -86.046)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M44.533 21.832Q44.533 21.348 44.935 21.053Q45.338 20.758 45.888 20.639Q46.439 20.519 46.931 20.519L46.931 20.230Q46.931 20.004 46.816 19.797Q46.701 19.590 46.504 19.471Q46.306 19.352 46.076 19.352Q45.650 19.352 45.365 19.457Q45.435 19.484 45.482 19.539Q45.529 19.594 45.554 19.664Q45.580 19.734 45.580 19.809Q45.580 19.914 45.529 20.006Q45.478 20.098 45.386 20.148Q45.295 20.199 45.189 20.199Q45.084 20.199 44.992 20.148Q44.900 20.098 44.849 20.006Q44.799 19.914 44.799 19.809Q44.799 19.391 45.187 19.244Q45.576 19.098 46.076 19.098Q46.408 19.098 46.761 19.228Q47.115 19.359 47.343 19.613Q47.572 19.867 47.572 20.215L47.572 22.016Q47.572 22.148 47.644 22.258Q47.717 22.367 47.845 22.367Q47.970 22.367 48.039 22.262Q48.107 22.156 48.107 22.016L48.107 21.504L48.388 21.504L48.388 22.016Q48.388 22.219 48.271 22.377Q48.154 22.535 47.972 22.619Q47.791 22.703 47.588 22.703Q47.357 22.703 47.205 22.531Q47.052 22.359 47.021 22.129Q46.861 22.410 46.552 22.576Q46.244 22.742 45.892 22.742Q45.381 22.742 44.957 22.519Q44.533 22.297 44.533 21.832M45.220 21.832Q45.220 22.117 45.447 22.303Q45.674 22.488 45.967 22.488Q46.213 22.488 46.437 22.371Q46.662 22.254 46.797 22.051Q46.931 21.848 46.931 21.594L46.931 20.762Q46.666 20.762 46.381 20.816Q46.095 20.871 45.824 21Q45.552 21.129 45.386 21.336Q45.220 21.543 45.220 21.832M50.689 22.664L48.709 22.664L48.709 22.367Q48.978 22.367 49.146 22.322Q49.314 22.277 49.314 22.105L49.314 19.969Q49.314 19.754 49.252 19.658Q49.189 19.562 49.072 19.541Q48.955 19.519 48.709 19.519L48.709 19.223L49.877 19.137L49.877 19.922Q49.955 19.711 50.107 19.525Q50.260 19.340 50.459 19.238Q50.658 19.137 50.885 19.137Q51.131 19.137 51.322 19.281Q51.513 19.426 51.513 19.656Q51.513 19.812 51.408 19.922Q51.302 20.031 51.146 20.031Q50.990 20.031 50.881 19.922Q50.771 19.812 50.771 19.656Q50.771 19.496 50.877 19.391Q50.552 19.391 50.338 19.619Q50.123 19.848 50.027 20.187Q49.931 20.527 49.931 20.832L49.931 22.105Q49.931 22.273 50.158 22.320Q50.385 22.367 50.689 22.367L50.689 22.664M51.994 20.969Q51.994 20.465 52.250 20.033Q52.506 19.602 52.941 19.350Q53.377 19.098 53.877 19.098Q54.263 19.098 54.605 19.242Q54.947 19.387 55.209 19.648Q55.470 19.910 55.613 20.246Q55.756 20.582 55.756 20.969Q55.756 21.461 55.492 21.871Q55.228 22.281 54.799 22.512Q54.369 22.742 53.877 22.742Q53.385 22.742 52.951 22.510Q52.517 22.277 52.256 21.869Q51.994 21.461 51.994 20.969M53.877 22.465Q54.334 22.465 54.586 22.242Q54.838 22.019 54.926 21.668Q55.013 21.316 55.013 20.871Q55.013 20.441 54.920 20.103Q54.826 19.766 54.572 19.559Q54.318 19.352 53.877 19.352Q53.228 19.352 52.984 19.768Q52.740 20.184 52.740 20.871Q52.740 21.316 52.828 21.668Q52.916 22.019 53.168 22.242Q53.420 22.465 53.877 22.465M56.924 21.711L56.924 19.969Q56.924 19.754 56.861 19.658Q56.799 19.562 56.679 19.541Q56.560 19.519 56.314 19.519L56.314 19.223L57.560 19.137L57.560 21.687L57.560 21.711Q57.560 22.023 57.615 22.185Q57.670 22.348 57.820 22.418Q57.970 22.488 58.291 22.488Q58.720 22.488 58.994 22.150Q59.267 21.812 59.267 21.367L59.267 19.969Q59.267 19.754 59.205 19.658Q59.142 19.562 59.023 19.541Q58.904 19.519 58.658 19.519L58.658 19.223L59.904 19.137L59.904 21.922Q59.904 22.133 59.967 22.228Q60.029 22.324 60.148 22.346Q60.267 22.367 60.513 22.367L60.513 22.664L59.291 22.742L59.291 22.121Q59.123 22.410 58.842 22.576Q58.560 22.742 58.240 22.742Q56.924 22.742 56.924 21.711M61.002 22.656L61.002 21.434Q61.002 21.406 61.033 21.375Q61.064 21.344 61.088 21.344L61.193 21.344Q61.263 21.344 61.279 21.406Q61.342 21.727 61.480 21.967Q61.619 22.207 61.851 22.348Q62.084 22.488 62.392 22.488Q62.631 22.488 62.840 22.428Q63.049 22.367 63.185 22.219Q63.322 22.070 63.322 21.824Q63.322 21.570 63.111 21.404Q62.900 21.238 62.631 21.184L62.010 21.070Q61.603 20.992 61.302 20.736Q61.002 20.480 61.002 20.105Q61.002 19.738 61.203 19.516Q61.404 19.293 61.728 19.195Q62.052 19.098 62.392 19.098Q62.857 19.098 63.154 19.305L63.377 19.121Q63.400 19.098 63.431 19.098L63.482 19.098Q63.513 19.098 63.541 19.125Q63.568 19.152 63.568 19.184L63.568 20.168Q63.568 20.199 63.543 20.228Q63.517 20.258 63.482 20.258L63.377 20.258Q63.342 20.258 63.314 20.230Q63.287 20.203 63.287 20.168Q63.287 19.769 63.035 19.549Q62.783 19.328 62.385 19.328Q62.029 19.328 61.746 19.451Q61.463 19.574 61.463 19.879Q61.463 20.098 61.664 20.230Q61.865 20.363 62.111 20.406L62.736 20.519Q63.166 20.609 63.474 20.906Q63.783 21.203 63.783 21.617Q63.783 22.187 63.385 22.465Q62.986 22.742 62.392 22.742Q61.842 22.742 61.490 22.406L61.193 22.719Q61.170 22.742 61.135 22.742L61.088 22.742Q61.064 22.742 61.033 22.711Q61.002 22.680 61.002 22.656M64.408 21.832Q64.408 21.348 64.810 21.053Q65.213 20.758 65.763 20.639Q66.314 20.519 66.806 20.519L66.806 20.230Q66.806 20.004 66.691 19.797Q66.576 19.590 66.379 19.471Q66.181 19.352 65.951 19.352Q65.525 19.352 65.240 19.457Q65.310 19.484 65.357 19.539Q65.404 19.594 65.429 19.664Q65.455 19.734 65.455 19.809Q65.455 19.914 65.404 20.006Q65.353 20.098 65.261 20.148Q65.170 20.199 65.064 20.199Q64.959 20.199 64.867 20.148Q64.775 20.098 64.724 20.006Q64.674 19.914 64.674 19.809Q64.674 19.391 65.062 19.244Q65.451 19.098 65.951 19.098Q66.283 19.098 66.636 19.228Q66.990 19.359 67.218 19.613Q67.447 19.867 67.447 20.215L67.447 22.016Q67.447 22.148 67.519 22.258Q67.592 22.367 67.720 22.367Q67.845 22.367 67.914 22.262Q67.982 22.156 67.982 22.016L67.982 21.504L68.263 21.504L68.263 22.016Q68.263 22.219 68.146 22.377Q68.029 22.535 67.847 22.619Q67.666 22.703 67.463 22.703Q67.232 22.703 67.080 22.531Q66.927 22.359 66.896 22.129Q66.736 22.410 66.427 22.576Q66.119 22.742 65.767 22.742Q65.256 22.742 64.832 22.519Q64.408 22.297 64.408 21.832M65.095 21.832Q65.095 22.117 65.322 22.303Q65.549 22.488 65.842 22.488Q66.088 22.488 66.312 22.371Q66.537 22.254 66.672 22.051Q66.806 21.848 66.806 21.594L66.806 20.762Q66.541 20.762 66.256 20.816Q65.970 20.871 65.699 21Q65.427 21.129 65.261 21.336Q65.095 21.543 65.095 21.832M70.470 22.664L68.638 22.664L68.638 22.367Q68.912 22.367 69.080 22.320Q69.248 22.273 69.248 22.105L69.248 17.945Q69.248 17.730 69.185 17.635Q69.123 17.539 69.004 17.518Q68.885 17.496 68.638 17.496L68.638 17.199L69.861 17.113L69.861 22.105Q69.861 22.273 70.029 22.320Q70.197 22.367 70.470 22.367\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-23.85 11.934)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M44.478 20.937Q44.478 20.441 44.728 20.016Q44.978 19.590 45.398 19.344Q45.818 19.098 46.318 19.098Q46.857 19.098 47.248 19.223Q47.638 19.348 47.638 19.762Q47.638 19.867 47.588 19.959Q47.537 20.051 47.445 20.102Q47.353 20.152 47.244 20.152Q47.138 20.152 47.047 20.102Q46.955 20.051 46.904 19.959Q46.853 19.867 46.853 19.762Q46.853 19.539 47.021 19.434Q46.799 19.375 46.326 19.375Q46.029 19.375 45.814 19.514Q45.599 19.652 45.468 19.883Q45.338 20.113 45.279 20.383Q45.220 20.652 45.220 20.937Q45.220 21.332 45.353 21.682Q45.486 22.031 45.758 22.248Q46.029 22.465 46.427 22.465Q46.802 22.465 47.078 22.248Q47.353 22.031 47.455 21.672Q47.470 21.609 47.533 21.609L47.638 21.609Q47.674 21.609 47.699 21.637Q47.724 21.664 47.724 21.703L47.724 21.727Q47.592 22.207 47.207 22.475Q46.822 22.742 46.318 22.742Q45.955 22.742 45.621 22.605Q45.287 22.469 45.027 22.219Q44.767 21.969 44.623 21.633Q44.478 21.297 44.478 20.937M48.310 21.832Q48.310 21.348 48.713 21.053Q49.115 20.758 49.666 20.639Q50.217 20.519 50.709 20.519L50.709 20.230Q50.709 20.004 50.593 19.797Q50.478 19.590 50.281 19.471Q50.084 19.352 49.853 19.352Q49.427 19.352 49.142 19.457Q49.213 19.484 49.260 19.539Q49.306 19.594 49.332 19.664Q49.357 19.734 49.357 19.809Q49.357 19.914 49.306 20.006Q49.256 20.098 49.164 20.148Q49.072 20.199 48.967 20.199Q48.861 20.199 48.769 20.148Q48.677 20.098 48.627 20.006Q48.576 19.914 48.576 19.809Q48.576 19.391 48.965 19.244Q49.353 19.098 49.853 19.098Q50.185 19.098 50.539 19.228Q50.892 19.359 51.121 19.613Q51.349 19.867 51.349 20.215L51.349 22.016Q51.349 22.148 51.422 22.258Q51.494 22.367 51.623 22.367Q51.748 22.367 51.816 22.262Q51.885 22.156 51.885 22.016L51.885 21.504L52.166 21.504L52.166 22.016Q52.166 22.219 52.049 22.377Q51.931 22.535 51.750 22.619Q51.568 22.703 51.365 22.703Q51.135 22.703 50.982 22.531Q50.830 22.359 50.799 22.129Q50.638 22.410 50.330 22.576Q50.021 22.742 49.670 22.742Q49.158 22.742 48.734 22.519Q48.310 22.297 48.310 21.832M48.998 21.832Q48.998 22.117 49.224 22.303Q49.451 22.488 49.744 22.488Q49.990 22.488 50.215 22.371Q50.439 22.254 50.574 22.051Q50.709 21.848 50.709 21.594L50.709 20.762Q50.443 20.762 50.158 20.816Q49.873 20.871 49.601 21Q49.330 21.129 49.164 21.336Q48.998 21.543 48.998 21.832M54.373 22.664L52.541 22.664L52.541 22.367Q52.814 22.367 52.982 22.320Q53.150 22.273 53.150 22.105L53.150 17.945Q53.150 17.730 53.088 17.635Q53.025 17.539 52.906 17.518Q52.787 17.496 52.541 17.496L52.541 17.199L53.763 17.113L53.763 22.105Q53.763 22.273 53.931 22.320Q54.099 22.367 54.373 22.367L54.373 22.664M56.748 22.664L54.892 22.664L54.892 22.367Q55.166 22.367 55.334 22.320Q55.502 22.273 55.502 22.105L55.502 19.969Q55.502 19.754 55.439 19.658Q55.377 19.562 55.258 19.541Q55.138 19.519 54.892 19.519L54.892 19.223L56.084 19.137L56.084 19.871Q56.197 19.656 56.390 19.488Q56.584 19.320 56.822 19.228Q57.060 19.137 57.314 19.137Q58.275 19.137 58.451 19.848Q58.635 19.519 58.963 19.328Q59.291 19.137 59.670 19.137Q60.845 19.137 60.845 20.215L60.845 22.105Q60.845 22.273 61.013 22.320Q61.181 22.367 61.451 22.367L61.451 22.664L59.595 22.664L59.595 22.367Q59.869 22.367 60.037 22.322Q60.205 22.277 60.205 22.105L60.205 20.230Q60.205 19.844 60.080 19.617Q59.955 19.391 59.603 19.391Q59.299 19.391 59.043 19.553Q58.787 19.715 58.638 19.984Q58.490 20.254 58.490 20.551L58.490 22.105Q58.490 22.273 58.660 22.320Q58.830 22.367 59.099 22.367L59.099 22.664L57.244 22.664L57.244 22.367Q57.517 22.367 57.685 22.320Q57.853 22.273 57.853 22.105L57.853 20.230Q57.853 19.844 57.728 19.617Q57.603 19.391 57.252 19.391Q56.947 19.391 56.691 19.553Q56.435 19.715 56.287 19.984Q56.138 20.254 56.138 20.551L56.138 22.105Q56.138 22.273 56.308 22.320Q56.478 22.367 56.748 22.367\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-32.087 -63.087)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M46.128 22.664L44.576 22.664L44.576 22.384Q44.802 22.384 44.951 22.350Q45.099 22.315 45.099 22.175L45.099 20.326Q45.099 20.138 45.051 20.054Q45.004 19.971 44.906 19.952Q44.809 19.933 44.597 19.933L44.597 19.653L45.653 19.578L45.653 22.175Q45.653 22.315 45.785 22.350Q45.916 22.384 46.128 22.384L46.128 22.664M44.857 18.357Q44.857 18.186 44.980 18.067Q45.103 17.947 45.274 17.947Q45.441 17.947 45.564 18.067Q45.687 18.186 45.687 18.357Q45.687 18.532 45.564 18.655Q45.441 18.778 45.274 18.778Q45.103 18.778 44.980 18.655Q44.857 18.532 44.857 18.357M48.456 22.664L46.822 22.664L46.822 22.384Q47.051 22.384 47.200 22.350Q47.348 22.315 47.348 22.175L47.348 20.326Q47.348 20.056 47.241 19.995Q47.133 19.933 46.822 19.933L46.822 19.653L47.882 19.578L47.882 20.227Q48.052 19.919 48.357 19.748Q48.661 19.578 49.006 19.578Q49.512 19.578 49.796 19.801Q50.079 20.025 50.079 20.521L50.079 22.175Q50.079 22.312 50.228 22.348Q50.377 22.384 50.602 22.384L50.602 22.664L48.972 22.664L48.972 22.384Q49.201 22.384 49.350 22.350Q49.498 22.315 49.498 22.175L49.498 20.535Q49.498 20.200 49.379 20Q49.259 19.800 48.945 19.800Q48.675 19.800 48.440 19.936Q48.206 20.073 48.068 20.307Q47.929 20.541 47.929 20.815L47.929 22.175Q47.929 22.312 48.080 22.348Q48.230 22.384 48.456 22.384\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-32.087 -63.087)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M51.503 21.823L51.503 19.926L50.864 19.926L50.864 19.704Q51.182 19.704 51.399 19.494Q51.616 19.284 51.716 18.974Q51.817 18.665 51.817 18.357L52.084 18.357L52.084 19.646L53.161 19.646L53.161 19.926L52.084 19.926L52.084 21.810Q52.084 22.086 52.188 22.285Q52.292 22.483 52.552 22.483Q52.709 22.483 52.815 22.379Q52.921 22.274 52.971 22.121Q53.020 21.967 53.020 21.810L53.020 21.396L53.287 21.396L53.287 21.823Q53.287 22.049 53.188 22.259Q53.089 22.469 52.904 22.601Q52.720 22.732 52.491 22.732Q52.053 22.732 51.778 22.495Q51.503 22.257 51.503 21.823M54.056 21.129Q54.056 20.808 54.181 20.519Q54.306 20.230 54.531 20.007Q54.757 19.783 55.052 19.663Q55.348 19.543 55.666 19.543Q55.994 19.543 56.256 19.643Q56.517 19.742 56.693 19.924Q56.869 20.107 56.963 20.365Q57.057 20.623 57.057 20.955Q57.057 21.047 56.975 21.068L54.719 21.068L54.719 21.129Q54.719 21.717 55.003 22.100Q55.287 22.483 55.854 22.483Q56.175 22.483 56.443 22.290Q56.712 22.097 56.801 21.782Q56.808 21.741 56.883 21.727L56.975 21.727Q57.057 21.751 57.057 21.823Q57.057 21.830 57.050 21.857Q56.937 22.254 56.567 22.493Q56.196 22.732 55.772 22.732Q55.334 22.732 54.934 22.524Q54.535 22.315 54.295 21.948Q54.056 21.581 54.056 21.129M54.726 20.859L56.541 20.859Q56.541 20.582 56.443 20.330Q56.346 20.077 56.148 19.921Q55.950 19.766 55.666 19.766Q55.389 19.766 55.175 19.924Q54.962 20.083 54.844 20.338Q54.726 20.593 54.726 20.859M59.327 22.664L57.693 22.664L57.693 22.384Q57.922 22.384 58.070 22.350Q58.219 22.315 58.219 22.175L58.219 20.326Q58.219 20.056 58.111 19.995Q58.004 19.933 57.693 19.933L57.693 19.653L58.752 19.578L58.752 20.227Q58.923 19.919 59.227 19.748Q59.532 19.578 59.877 19.578Q60.383 19.578 60.666 19.801Q60.950 20.025 60.950 20.521L60.950 22.175Q60.950 22.312 61.099 22.348Q61.247 22.384 61.473 22.384L61.473 22.664L59.843 22.664L59.843 22.384Q60.072 22.384 60.220 22.350Q60.369 22.315 60.369 22.175L60.369 20.535Q60.369 20.200 60.249 20Q60.130 19.800 59.815 19.800Q59.545 19.800 59.311 19.936Q59.077 20.073 58.939 20.307Q58.800 20.541 58.800 20.815L58.800 22.175Q58.800 22.312 58.951 22.348Q59.101 22.384 59.327 22.384L59.327 22.664M62.061 22.657L62.061 21.594Q62.061 21.570 62.088 21.543Q62.116 21.516 62.140 21.516L62.249 21.516Q62.314 21.516 62.328 21.574Q62.423 22.008 62.669 22.259Q62.915 22.510 63.329 22.510Q63.671 22.510 63.924 22.377Q64.177 22.244 64.177 21.936Q64.177 21.779 64.083 21.664Q63.989 21.550 63.850 21.481Q63.712 21.413 63.544 21.375L62.963 21.276Q62.608 21.208 62.334 20.987Q62.061 20.767 62.061 20.425Q62.061 20.176 62.172 20.001Q62.283 19.827 62.469 19.728Q62.656 19.629 62.871 19.586Q63.086 19.543 63.329 19.543Q63.743 19.543 64.023 19.725L64.238 19.550Q64.248 19.547 64.255 19.545Q64.262 19.543 64.272 19.543L64.324 19.543Q64.351 19.543 64.375 19.567Q64.399 19.591 64.399 19.619L64.399 20.466Q64.399 20.487 64.375 20.514Q64.351 20.541 64.324 20.541L64.211 20.541Q64.183 20.541 64.158 20.516Q64.132 20.490 64.132 20.466Q64.132 20.230 64.026 20.066Q63.920 19.902 63.737 19.820Q63.555 19.738 63.322 19.738Q62.994 19.738 62.738 19.841Q62.481 19.943 62.481 20.220Q62.481 20.415 62.664 20.524Q62.847 20.634 63.076 20.675L63.650 20.781Q63.896 20.829 64.110 20.957Q64.324 21.085 64.460 21.288Q64.597 21.492 64.597 21.741Q64.597 22.254 64.231 22.493Q63.866 22.732 63.329 22.732Q62.833 22.732 62.502 22.438L62.235 22.712Q62.215 22.732 62.187 22.732L62.140 22.732Q62.116 22.732 62.088 22.705Q62.061 22.678 62.061 22.657M65.185 21.129Q65.185 20.808 65.310 20.519Q65.434 20.230 65.660 20.007Q65.886 19.783 66.181 19.663Q66.477 19.543 66.795 19.543Q67.123 19.543 67.384 19.643Q67.646 19.742 67.822 19.924Q67.998 20.107 68.092 20.365Q68.186 20.623 68.186 20.955Q68.186 21.047 68.104 21.068L65.848 21.068L65.848 21.129Q65.848 21.717 66.132 22.100Q66.415 22.483 66.983 22.483Q67.304 22.483 67.572 22.290Q67.841 22.097 67.930 21.782Q67.936 21.741 68.012 21.727L68.104 21.727Q68.186 21.751 68.186 21.823Q68.186 21.830 68.179 21.857Q68.066 22.254 67.695 22.493Q67.325 22.732 66.901 22.732Q66.463 22.732 66.063 22.524Q65.663 22.315 65.424 21.948Q65.185 21.581 65.185 21.129M65.855 20.859L67.670 20.859Q67.670 20.582 67.572 20.330Q67.475 20.077 67.277 19.921Q67.079 19.766 66.795 19.766Q66.518 19.766 66.304 19.924Q66.091 20.083 65.973 20.338Q65.855 20.593 65.855 20.859\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-95.59 12.662)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M45.086 21.830L45.086 20.326Q45.086 20.056 44.978 19.995Q44.870 19.933 44.559 19.933L44.559 19.653L45.667 19.578L45.667 21.810L45.667 21.830Q45.667 22.110 45.718 22.254Q45.769 22.397 45.911 22.454Q46.053 22.510 46.340 22.510Q46.593 22.510 46.798 22.370Q47.003 22.230 47.119 22.004Q47.236 21.779 47.236 21.529L47.236 20.326Q47.236 20.056 47.128 19.995Q47.020 19.933 46.709 19.933L46.709 19.653L47.817 19.578L47.817 21.991Q47.817 22.182 47.870 22.264Q47.923 22.346 48.023 22.365Q48.124 22.384 48.340 22.384L48.340 22.664L47.263 22.732L47.263 22.168Q47.154 22.350 47.008 22.473Q46.863 22.596 46.677 22.664Q46.490 22.732 46.289 22.732Q45.086 22.732 45.086 21.830M50.609 22.664L48.975 22.664L48.975 22.384Q49.204 22.384 49.353 22.350Q49.502 22.315 49.502 22.175L49.502 20.326Q49.502 20.056 49.394 19.995Q49.286 19.933 48.975 19.933L48.975 19.653L50.035 19.578L50.035 20.227Q50.206 19.919 50.510 19.748Q50.814 19.578 51.159 19.578Q51.665 19.578 51.949 19.801Q52.233 20.025 52.233 20.521L52.233 22.175Q52.233 22.312 52.381 22.348Q52.530 22.384 52.756 22.384L52.756 22.664L51.125 22.664L51.125 22.384Q51.354 22.384 51.503 22.350Q51.652 22.315 51.652 22.175L51.652 20.535Q51.652 20.200 51.532 20Q51.412 19.800 51.098 19.800Q50.828 19.800 50.594 19.936Q50.360 20.073 50.221 20.307Q50.083 20.541 50.083 20.815L50.083 22.175Q50.083 22.312 50.233 22.348Q50.384 22.384 50.609 22.384L50.609 22.664M54.988 24.021L53.357 24.021L53.357 23.741Q53.586 23.741 53.735 23.706Q53.884 23.672 53.884 23.532L53.884 20.186Q53.884 20.015 53.747 19.974Q53.610 19.933 53.357 19.933L53.357 19.653L54.437 19.578L54.437 19.984Q54.659 19.783 54.947 19.680Q55.234 19.578 55.541 19.578Q55.968 19.578 56.332 19.791Q56.697 20.005 56.910 20.369Q57.124 20.733 57.124 21.153Q57.124 21.598 56.885 21.962Q56.645 22.326 56.252 22.529Q55.859 22.732 55.415 22.732Q55.148 22.732 54.900 22.632Q54.653 22.531 54.465 22.350L54.465 23.532Q54.465 23.669 54.613 23.705Q54.762 23.741 54.988 23.741L54.988 24.021M54.465 20.333L54.465 21.943Q54.598 22.196 54.841 22.353Q55.083 22.510 55.360 22.510Q55.688 22.510 55.941 22.309Q56.194 22.107 56.327 21.789Q56.461 21.471 56.461 21.153Q56.461 20.924 56.396 20.695Q56.331 20.466 56.203 20.268Q56.074 20.070 55.880 19.950Q55.685 19.831 55.452 19.831Q55.158 19.831 54.890 19.960Q54.622 20.090 54.465 20.333M59.427 22.664L57.824 22.664L57.824 22.384Q58.050 22.384 58.199 22.350Q58.347 22.315 58.347 22.175L58.347 18.556Q58.347 18.286 58.240 18.224Q58.132 18.163 57.824 18.163L57.824 17.882L58.901 17.807L58.901 22.175Q58.901 22.312 59.051 22.348Q59.202 22.384 59.427 22.384L59.427 22.664M59.981 21.129Q59.981 20.808 60.106 20.519Q60.231 20.230 60.456 20.007Q60.682 19.783 60.978 19.663Q61.273 19.543 61.591 19.543Q61.919 19.543 62.181 19.643Q62.442 19.742 62.618 19.924Q62.794 20.107 62.888 20.365Q62.982 20.623 62.982 20.955Q62.982 21.047 62.900 21.068L60.644 21.068L60.644 21.129Q60.644 21.717 60.928 22.100Q61.212 22.483 61.779 22.483Q62.100 22.483 62.369 22.290Q62.637 22.097 62.726 21.782Q62.733 21.741 62.808 21.727L62.900 21.727Q62.982 21.751 62.982 21.823Q62.982 21.830 62.975 21.857Q62.863 22.254 62.492 22.493Q62.121 22.732 61.697 22.732Q61.260 22.732 60.860 22.524Q60.460 22.315 60.220 21.948Q59.981 21.581 59.981 21.129M60.651 20.859L62.466 20.859Q62.466 20.582 62.369 20.330Q62.271 20.077 62.073 19.921Q61.875 19.766 61.591 19.766Q61.314 19.766 61.101 19.924Q60.887 20.083 60.769 20.338Q60.651 20.593 60.651 20.859M63.628 21.936Q63.628 21.604 63.852 21.377Q64.076 21.150 64.419 21.022Q64.763 20.893 65.135 20.841Q65.508 20.788 65.812 20.788L65.812 20.535Q65.812 20.330 65.705 20.150Q65.597 19.971 65.416 19.868Q65.235 19.766 65.026 19.766Q64.619 19.766 64.384 19.858Q64.472 19.895 64.519 19.979Q64.565 20.063 64.565 20.165Q64.565 20.261 64.519 20.340Q64.472 20.418 64.392 20.463Q64.312 20.507 64.223 20.507Q64.072 20.507 63.972 20.410Q63.871 20.312 63.871 20.165Q63.871 19.543 65.026 19.543Q65.238 19.543 65.488 19.607Q65.737 19.670 65.939 19.789Q66.140 19.909 66.267 20.094Q66.393 20.278 66.393 20.521L66.393 22.097Q66.393 22.213 66.455 22.309Q66.516 22.404 66.629 22.404Q66.739 22.404 66.803 22.310Q66.868 22.216 66.868 22.097L66.868 21.649L67.135 21.649L67.135 22.097Q67.135 22.367 66.908 22.532Q66.680 22.698 66.400 22.698Q66.192 22.698 66.055 22.544Q65.918 22.391 65.894 22.175Q65.747 22.442 65.465 22.587Q65.183 22.732 64.859 22.732Q64.582 22.732 64.298 22.657Q64.014 22.582 63.821 22.403Q63.628 22.223 63.628 21.936M64.243 21.936Q64.243 22.110 64.344 22.240Q64.445 22.370 64.601 22.440Q64.756 22.510 64.920 22.510Q65.139 22.510 65.347 22.413Q65.556 22.315 65.684 22.134Q65.812 21.953 65.812 21.727L65.812 20.999Q65.488 20.999 65.122 21.090Q64.756 21.181 64.500 21.393Q64.243 21.604 64.243 21.936M67.552 22.657L67.552 21.594Q67.552 21.570 67.579 21.543Q67.607 21.516 67.631 21.516L67.740 21.516Q67.805 21.516 67.819 21.574Q67.914 22.008 68.160 22.259Q68.406 22.510 68.820 22.510Q69.162 22.510 69.415 22.377Q69.668 22.244 69.668 21.936Q69.668 21.779 69.574 21.664Q69.480 21.550 69.341 21.481Q69.203 21.413 69.035 21.375L68.454 21.276Q68.099 21.208 67.825 20.987Q67.552 20.767 67.552 20.425Q67.552 20.176 67.663 20.001Q67.774 19.827 67.960 19.728Q68.147 19.629 68.362 19.586Q68.577 19.543 68.820 19.543Q69.234 19.543 69.514 19.725L69.729 19.550Q69.739 19.547 69.746 19.545Q69.753 19.543 69.763 19.543L69.815 19.543Q69.842 19.543 69.866 19.567Q69.890 19.591 69.890 19.619L69.890 20.466Q69.890 20.487 69.866 20.514Q69.842 20.541 69.815 20.541L69.702 20.541Q69.675 20.541 69.649 20.516Q69.623 20.490 69.623 20.466Q69.623 20.230 69.517 20.066Q69.411 19.902 69.228 19.820Q69.046 19.738 68.813 19.738Q68.485 19.738 68.229 19.841Q67.972 19.943 67.972 20.220Q67.972 20.415 68.155 20.524Q68.338 20.634 68.567 20.675L69.141 20.781Q69.387 20.829 69.601 20.957Q69.815 21.085 69.951 21.288Q70.088 21.492 70.088 21.741Q70.088 22.254 69.722 22.493Q69.357 22.732 68.820 22.732Q68.324 22.732 67.993 22.438L67.726 22.712Q67.706 22.732 67.678 22.732L67.631 22.732Q67.607 22.732 67.579 22.705Q67.552 22.678 67.552 22.657M70.775 21.936Q70.775 21.604 70.999 21.377Q71.223 21.150 71.566 21.022Q71.910 20.893 72.282 20.841Q72.655 20.788 72.959 20.788L72.959 20.535Q72.959 20.330 72.852 20.150Q72.744 19.971 72.563 19.868Q72.382 19.766 72.173 19.766Q71.766 19.766 71.530 19.858Q71.619 19.895 71.666 19.979Q71.712 20.063 71.712 20.165Q71.712 20.261 71.666 20.340Q71.619 20.418 71.539 20.463Q71.459 20.507 71.370 20.507Q71.219 20.507 71.119 20.410Q71.018 20.312 71.018 20.165Q71.018 19.543 72.173 19.543Q72.385 19.543 72.635 19.607Q72.884 19.670 73.086 19.789Q73.287 19.909 73.414 20.094Q73.540 20.278 73.540 20.521L73.540 22.097Q73.540 22.213 73.602 22.309Q73.663 22.404 73.776 22.404Q73.885 22.404 73.950 22.310Q74.015 22.216 74.015 22.097L74.015 21.649L74.282 21.649L74.282 22.097Q74.282 22.367 74.055 22.532Q73.827 22.698 73.547 22.698Q73.339 22.698 73.202 22.544Q73.065 22.391 73.041 22.175Q72.894 22.442 72.612 22.587Q72.330 22.732 72.006 22.732Q71.729 22.732 71.445 22.657Q71.161 22.582 70.968 22.403Q70.775 22.223 70.775 21.936M71.390 21.936Q71.390 22.110 71.491 22.240Q71.592 22.370 71.748 22.440Q71.903 22.510 72.067 22.510Q72.286 22.510 72.494 22.413Q72.703 22.315 72.831 22.134Q72.959 21.953 72.959 21.727L72.959 20.999Q72.635 20.999 72.269 21.090Q71.903 21.181 71.647 21.393Q71.390 21.604 71.390 21.936M76.381 22.664L74.747 22.664L74.747 22.384Q74.976 22.384 75.124 22.350Q75.273 22.315 75.273 22.175L75.273 20.326Q75.273 20.056 75.166 19.995Q75.058 19.933 74.747 19.933L74.747 19.653L75.806 19.578L75.806 20.227Q75.977 19.919 76.281 19.748Q76.586 19.578 76.931 19.578Q77.437 19.578 77.720 19.801Q78.004 20.025 78.004 20.521L78.004 22.175Q78.004 22.312 78.153 22.348Q78.301 22.384 78.527 22.384L78.527 22.664L76.897 22.664L76.897 22.384Q77.126 22.384 77.274 22.350Q77.423 22.315 77.423 22.175L77.423 20.535Q77.423 20.200 77.303 20Q77.184 19.800 76.869 19.800Q76.599 19.800 76.365 19.936Q76.131 20.073 75.993 20.307Q75.854 20.541 75.854 20.815L75.854 22.175Q75.854 22.312 76.005 22.348Q76.155 22.384 76.381 22.384\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-95.59 12.662)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M79.449 21.823L79.449 19.926L78.810 19.926L78.810 19.704Q79.128 19.704 79.345 19.494Q79.562 19.284 79.662 18.974Q79.763 18.665 79.763 18.357L80.030 18.357L80.030 19.646L81.107 19.646L81.107 19.926L80.030 19.926L80.030 21.810Q80.030 22.086 80.134 22.285Q80.238 22.483 80.498 22.483Q80.655 22.483 80.761 22.379Q80.867 22.274 80.917 22.121Q80.966 21.967 80.966 21.810L80.966 21.396L81.233 21.396L81.233 21.823Q81.233 22.049 81.134 22.259Q81.035 22.469 80.850 22.601Q80.666 22.732 80.437 22.732Q79.999 22.732 79.724 22.495Q79.449 22.257 79.449 21.823\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(62.47 12.662)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M46.155 24.021L44.525 24.021L44.525 23.741Q44.754 23.741 44.903 23.706Q45.051 23.672 45.051 23.532L45.051 20.186Q45.051 20.015 44.915 19.974Q44.778 19.933 44.525 19.933L44.525 19.653L45.605 19.578L45.605 19.984Q45.827 19.783 46.114 19.680Q46.402 19.578 46.709 19.578Q47.136 19.578 47.500 19.791Q47.864 20.005 48.078 20.369Q48.292 20.733 48.292 21.153Q48.292 21.598 48.052 21.962Q47.813 22.326 47.420 22.529Q47.027 22.732 46.583 22.732Q46.316 22.732 46.068 22.632Q45.821 22.531 45.633 22.350L45.633 23.532Q45.633 23.669 45.781 23.705Q45.930 23.741 46.155 23.741L46.155 24.021M45.633 20.333L45.633 21.943Q45.766 22.196 46.009 22.353Q46.251 22.510 46.528 22.510Q46.856 22.510 47.109 22.309Q47.362 22.107 47.495 21.789Q47.629 21.471 47.629 21.153Q47.629 20.924 47.564 20.695Q47.499 20.466 47.371 20.268Q47.242 20.070 47.048 19.950Q46.853 19.831 46.620 19.831Q46.326 19.831 46.058 19.960Q45.790 20.090 45.633 20.333M50.595 22.664L48.992 22.664L48.992 22.384Q49.218 22.384 49.367 22.350Q49.515 22.315 49.515 22.175L49.515 18.556Q49.515 18.286 49.408 18.224Q49.300 18.163 48.992 18.163L48.992 17.882L50.069 17.807L50.069 22.175Q50.069 22.312 50.219 22.348Q50.370 22.384 50.595 22.384L50.595 22.664M51.149 21.129Q51.149 20.808 51.274 20.519Q51.399 20.230 51.624 20.007Q51.850 19.783 52.145 19.663Q52.441 19.543 52.759 19.543Q53.087 19.543 53.349 19.643Q53.610 19.742 53.786 19.924Q53.962 20.107 54.056 20.365Q54.150 20.623 54.150 20.955Q54.150 21.047 54.068 21.068L51.812 21.068L51.812 21.129Q51.812 21.717 52.096 22.100Q52.380 22.483 52.947 22.483Q53.268 22.483 53.537 22.290Q53.805 22.097 53.894 21.782Q53.901 21.741 53.976 21.727L54.068 21.727Q54.150 21.751 54.150 21.823Q54.150 21.830 54.143 21.857Q54.030 22.254 53.660 22.493Q53.289 22.732 52.865 22.732Q52.427 22.732 52.028 22.524Q51.628 22.315 51.388 21.948Q51.149 21.581 51.149 21.129M51.819 20.859L53.634 20.859Q53.634 20.582 53.537 20.330Q53.439 20.077 53.241 19.921Q53.043 19.766 52.759 19.766Q52.482 19.766 52.269 19.924Q52.055 20.083 51.937 20.338Q51.819 20.593 51.819 20.859M54.796 21.936Q54.796 21.604 55.020 21.377Q55.244 21.150 55.587 21.022Q55.931 20.893 56.303 20.841Q56.676 20.788 56.980 20.788L56.980 20.535Q56.980 20.330 56.873 20.150Q56.765 19.971 56.584 19.868Q56.403 19.766 56.194 19.766Q55.787 19.766 55.551 19.858Q55.640 19.895 55.687 19.979Q55.733 20.063 55.733 20.165Q55.733 20.261 55.687 20.340Q55.640 20.418 55.560 20.463Q55.480 20.507 55.391 20.507Q55.240 20.507 55.140 20.410Q55.039 20.312 55.039 20.165Q55.039 19.543 56.194 19.543Q56.406 19.543 56.655 19.607Q56.905 19.670 57.107 19.789Q57.308 19.909 57.435 20.094Q57.561 20.278 57.561 20.521L57.561 22.097Q57.561 22.213 57.623 22.309Q57.684 22.404 57.797 22.404Q57.906 22.404 57.971 22.310Q58.036 22.216 58.036 22.097L58.036 21.649L58.303 21.649L58.303 22.097Q58.303 22.367 58.076 22.532Q57.848 22.698 57.568 22.698Q57.360 22.698 57.223 22.544Q57.086 22.391 57.062 22.175Q56.915 22.442 56.633 22.587Q56.351 22.732 56.027 22.732Q55.750 22.732 55.466 22.657Q55.182 22.582 54.989 22.403Q54.796 22.223 54.796 21.936M55.411 21.936Q55.411 22.110 55.512 22.240Q55.613 22.370 55.769 22.440Q55.924 22.510 56.088 22.510Q56.307 22.510 56.515 22.413Q56.724 22.315 56.852 22.134Q56.980 21.953 56.980 21.727L56.980 20.999Q56.655 20.999 56.290 21.090Q55.924 21.181 55.668 21.393Q55.411 21.604 55.411 21.936M58.720 22.657L58.720 21.594Q58.720 21.570 58.747 21.543Q58.775 21.516 58.799 21.516L58.908 21.516Q58.973 21.516 58.987 21.574Q59.082 22.008 59.328 22.259Q59.574 22.510 59.988 22.510Q60.330 22.510 60.583 22.377Q60.836 22.244 60.836 21.936Q60.836 21.779 60.742 21.664Q60.648 21.550 60.509 21.481Q60.371 21.413 60.203 21.375L59.622 21.276Q59.267 21.208 58.993 20.987Q58.720 20.767 58.720 20.425Q58.720 20.176 58.831 20.001Q58.942 19.827 59.128 19.728Q59.315 19.629 59.530 19.586Q59.745 19.543 59.988 19.543Q60.402 19.543 60.682 19.725L60.897 19.550Q60.907 19.547 60.914 19.545Q60.921 19.543 60.931 19.543L60.983 19.543Q61.010 19.543 61.034 19.567Q61.058 19.591 61.058 19.619L61.058 20.466Q61.058 20.487 61.034 20.514Q61.010 20.541 60.983 20.541L60.870 20.541Q60.843 20.541 60.817 20.516Q60.791 20.490 60.791 20.466Q60.791 20.230 60.685 20.066Q60.579 19.902 60.396 19.820Q60.214 19.738 59.981 19.738Q59.653 19.738 59.397 19.841Q59.140 19.943 59.140 20.220Q59.140 20.415 59.323 20.524Q59.506 20.634 59.735 20.675L60.309 20.781Q60.555 20.829 60.769 20.957Q60.983 21.085 61.119 21.288Q61.256 21.492 61.256 21.741Q61.256 22.254 60.890 22.493Q60.525 22.732 59.988 22.732Q59.492 22.732 59.161 22.438L58.894 22.712Q58.874 22.732 58.846 22.732L58.799 22.732Q58.775 22.732 58.747 22.705Q58.720 22.678 58.720 22.657M61.943 21.936Q61.943 21.604 62.167 21.377Q62.391 21.150 62.734 21.022Q63.078 20.893 63.450 20.841Q63.823 20.788 64.127 20.788L64.127 20.535Q64.127 20.330 64.020 20.150Q63.912 19.971 63.731 19.868Q63.550 19.766 63.341 19.766Q62.934 19.766 62.698 19.858Q62.787 19.895 62.833 19.979Q62.880 20.063 62.880 20.165Q62.880 20.261 62.833 20.340Q62.787 20.418 62.707 20.463Q62.627 20.507 62.538 20.507Q62.387 20.507 62.287 20.410Q62.186 20.312 62.186 20.165Q62.186 19.543 63.341 19.543Q63.553 19.543 63.802 19.607Q64.052 19.670 64.254 19.789Q64.455 19.909 64.582 20.094Q64.708 20.278 64.708 20.521L64.708 22.097Q64.708 22.213 64.770 22.309Q64.831 22.404 64.944 22.404Q65.053 22.404 65.118 22.310Q65.183 22.216 65.183 22.097L65.183 21.649L65.450 21.649L65.450 22.097Q65.450 22.367 65.223 22.532Q64.995 22.698 64.715 22.698Q64.507 22.698 64.370 22.544Q64.233 22.391 64.209 22.175Q64.062 22.442 63.780 22.587Q63.498 22.732 63.174 22.732Q62.897 22.732 62.613 22.657Q62.329 22.582 62.136 22.403Q61.943 22.223 61.943 21.936M62.558 21.936Q62.558 22.110 62.659 22.240Q62.760 22.370 62.916 22.440Q63.071 22.510 63.235 22.510Q63.454 22.510 63.662 22.413Q63.871 22.315 63.999 22.134Q64.127 21.953 64.127 21.727L64.127 20.999Q63.802 20.999 63.437 21.090Q63.071 21.181 62.815 21.393Q62.558 21.604 62.558 21.936M67.549 22.664L65.915 22.664L65.915 22.384Q66.144 22.384 66.292 22.350Q66.441 22.315 66.441 22.175L66.441 20.326Q66.441 20.056 66.333 19.995Q66.226 19.933 65.915 19.933L65.915 19.653L66.974 19.578L66.974 20.227Q67.145 19.919 67.449 19.748Q67.754 19.578 68.099 19.578Q68.605 19.578 68.888 19.801Q69.172 20.025 69.172 20.521L69.172 22.175Q69.172 22.312 69.321 22.348Q69.469 22.384 69.695 22.384L69.695 22.664L68.065 22.664L68.065 22.384Q68.294 22.384 68.442 22.350Q68.591 22.315 68.591 22.175L68.591 20.535Q68.591 20.200 68.471 20Q68.352 19.800 68.037 19.800Q67.767 19.800 67.533 19.936Q67.299 20.073 67.161 20.307Q67.022 20.541 67.022 20.815L67.022 22.175Q67.022 22.312 67.173 22.348Q67.323 22.384 67.549 22.384\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(62.47 12.662)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M70.616 21.823L70.616 19.926L69.977 19.926L69.977 19.704Q70.295 19.704 70.512 19.494Q70.729 19.284 70.829 18.974Q70.930 18.665 70.930 18.357L71.197 18.357L71.197 19.646L72.274 19.646L72.274 19.926L71.197 19.926L71.197 21.810Q71.197 22.086 71.301 22.285Q71.405 22.483 71.665 22.483Q71.822 22.483 71.928 22.379Q72.034 22.274 72.084 22.121Q72.133 21.967 72.133 21.810L72.133 21.396L72.400 21.396L72.400 21.823Q72.400 22.049 72.301 22.259Q72.202 22.469 72.017 22.601Q71.833 22.732 71.604 22.732Q71.166 22.732 70.891 22.495Q70.616 22.257 70.616 21.823\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M108.793-31.396a2 2 0 1 0-4 0 2 2 0 0 0 4 0m-2 0\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(68.405 -57.593)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M44.435 20.910Q44.435 20.430 44.668 20.014Q44.900 19.598 45.310 19.348Q45.720 19.098 46.197 19.098Q46.927 19.098 47.326 19.539Q47.724 19.980 47.724 20.711Q47.724 20.816 47.631 20.840L45.181 20.840L45.181 20.910Q45.181 21.320 45.302 21.676Q45.424 22.031 45.695 22.248Q45.967 22.465 46.396 22.465Q46.760 22.465 47.056 22.236Q47.353 22.008 47.455 21.656Q47.463 21.609 47.549 21.594L47.631 21.594Q47.724 21.621 47.724 21.703Q47.724 21.711 47.717 21.742Q47.654 21.969 47.515 22.152Q47.377 22.336 47.185 22.469Q46.994 22.602 46.775 22.672Q46.556 22.742 46.318 22.742Q45.947 22.742 45.609 22.605Q45.271 22.469 45.004 22.217Q44.736 21.965 44.586 21.625Q44.435 21.285 44.435 20.910M45.189 20.602L47.150 20.602Q47.150 20.297 47.049 20.006Q46.947 19.715 46.730 19.533Q46.513 19.352 46.197 19.352Q45.896 19.352 45.666 19.539Q45.435 19.727 45.312 20.018Q45.189 20.309 45.189 20.602M48.256 20.937Q48.256 20.441 48.506 20.016Q48.756 19.590 49.176 19.344Q49.595 19.098 50.095 19.098Q50.635 19.098 51.025 19.223Q51.416 19.348 51.416 19.762Q51.416 19.867 51.365 19.959Q51.314 20.051 51.222 20.102Q51.131 20.152 51.021 20.152Q50.916 20.152 50.824 20.102Q50.732 20.051 50.681 19.959Q50.631 19.867 50.631 19.762Q50.631 19.539 50.799 19.434Q50.576 19.375 50.103 19.375Q49.806 19.375 49.592 19.514Q49.377 19.652 49.246 19.883Q49.115 20.113 49.056 20.383Q48.998 20.652 48.998 20.937Q48.998 21.332 49.131 21.682Q49.263 22.031 49.535 22.248Q49.806 22.465 50.205 22.465Q50.580 22.465 50.855 22.248Q51.131 22.031 51.232 21.672Q51.248 21.609 51.310 21.609L51.416 21.609Q51.451 21.609 51.476 21.637Q51.502 21.664 51.502 21.703L51.502 21.727Q51.369 22.207 50.984 22.475Q50.599 22.742 50.095 22.742Q49.732 22.742 49.398 22.605Q49.064 22.469 48.804 22.219Q48.545 21.969 48.400 21.633Q48.256 21.297 48.256 20.937M52.033 22.656L52.033 21.434Q52.033 21.406 52.064 21.375Q52.095 21.344 52.119 21.344L52.224 21.344Q52.295 21.344 52.310 21.406Q52.373 21.727 52.511 21.967Q52.650 22.207 52.883 22.348Q53.115 22.488 53.424 22.488Q53.662 22.488 53.871 22.428Q54.080 22.367 54.217 22.219Q54.353 22.070 54.353 21.824Q54.353 21.570 54.142 21.404Q53.931 21.238 53.662 21.184L53.041 21.070Q52.635 20.992 52.334 20.736Q52.033 20.480 52.033 20.105Q52.033 19.738 52.234 19.516Q52.435 19.293 52.760 19.195Q53.084 19.098 53.424 19.098Q53.888 19.098 54.185 19.305L54.408 19.121Q54.431 19.098 54.463 19.098L54.513 19.098Q54.545 19.098 54.572 19.125Q54.599 19.152 54.599 19.184L54.599 20.168Q54.599 20.199 54.574 20.228Q54.549 20.258 54.513 20.258L54.408 20.258Q54.373 20.258 54.345 20.230Q54.318 20.203 54.318 20.168Q54.318 19.769 54.066 19.549Q53.814 19.328 53.416 19.328Q53.060 19.328 52.777 19.451Q52.494 19.574 52.494 19.879Q52.494 20.098 52.695 20.230Q52.896 20.363 53.142 20.406L53.767 20.519Q54.197 20.609 54.506 20.906Q54.814 21.203 54.814 21.617Q54.814 22.187 54.416 22.465Q54.017 22.742 53.424 22.742Q52.873 22.742 52.521 22.406L52.224 22.719Q52.201 22.742 52.166 22.742L52.119 22.742Q52.095 22.742 52.064 22.711Q52.033 22.680 52.033 22.656M55.967 21.703L55.967 19.512L55.263 19.512L55.263 19.258Q55.619 19.258 55.861 19.025Q56.103 18.793 56.215 18.445Q56.326 18.098 56.326 17.742L56.607 17.742L56.607 19.215L57.783 19.215L57.783 19.512L56.607 19.512L56.607 21.687Q56.607 22.008 56.726 22.236Q56.845 22.465 57.127 22.465Q57.306 22.465 57.424 22.342Q57.541 22.219 57.593 22.039Q57.646 21.859 57.646 21.687L57.646 21.215L57.927 21.215L57.927 21.703Q57.927 21.957 57.822 22.197Q57.717 22.437 57.519 22.590Q57.322 22.742 57.064 22.742Q56.748 22.742 56.496 22.619Q56.244 22.496 56.105 22.262Q55.967 22.027 55.967 21.703M58.744 21.832Q58.744 21.348 59.146 21.053Q59.549 20.758 60.099 20.639Q60.650 20.519 61.142 20.519L61.142 20.230Q61.142 20.004 61.027 19.797Q60.912 19.590 60.715 19.471Q60.517 19.352 60.287 19.352Q59.861 19.352 59.576 19.457Q59.646 19.484 59.693 19.539Q59.740 19.594 59.765 19.664Q59.791 19.734 59.791 19.809Q59.791 19.914 59.740 20.006Q59.689 20.098 59.597 20.148Q59.506 20.199 59.400 20.199Q59.295 20.199 59.203 20.148Q59.111 20.098 59.060 20.006Q59.010 19.914 59.010 19.809Q59.010 19.391 59.398 19.244Q59.787 19.098 60.287 19.098Q60.619 19.098 60.972 19.228Q61.326 19.359 61.554 19.613Q61.783 19.867 61.783 20.215L61.783 22.016Q61.783 22.148 61.855 22.258Q61.927 22.367 62.056 22.367Q62.181 22.367 62.250 22.262Q62.318 22.156 62.318 22.016L62.318 21.504L62.599 21.504L62.599 22.016Q62.599 22.219 62.482 22.377Q62.365 22.535 62.183 22.619Q62.002 22.703 61.799 22.703Q61.568 22.703 61.416 22.531Q61.263 22.359 61.232 22.129Q61.072 22.410 60.763 22.576Q60.455 22.742 60.103 22.742Q59.592 22.742 59.168 22.519Q58.744 22.297 58.744 21.832M59.431 21.832Q59.431 22.117 59.658 22.303Q59.885 22.488 60.177 22.488Q60.424 22.488 60.648 22.371Q60.873 22.254 61.008 22.051Q61.142 21.848 61.142 21.594L61.142 20.762Q60.877 20.762 60.592 20.816Q60.306 20.871 60.035 21Q59.763 21.129 59.597 21.336Q59.431 21.543 59.431 21.832M63.517 21.703L63.517 19.512L62.814 19.512L62.814 19.258Q63.170 19.258 63.412 19.025Q63.654 18.793 63.765 18.445Q63.877 18.098 63.877 17.742L64.158 17.742L64.158 19.215L65.334 19.215L65.334 19.512L64.158 19.512L64.158 21.687Q64.158 22.008 64.277 22.236Q64.396 22.465 64.677 22.465Q64.857 22.465 64.974 22.342Q65.092 22.219 65.144 22.039Q65.197 21.859 65.197 21.687L65.197 21.215L65.478 21.215L65.478 21.703Q65.478 21.957 65.373 22.197Q65.267 22.437 65.070 22.590Q64.873 22.742 64.615 22.742Q64.299 22.742 64.047 22.619Q63.795 22.496 63.656 22.262Q63.517 22.027 63.517 21.703M68.056 22.664L66.279 22.664L66.279 22.367Q66.552 22.367 66.720 22.320Q66.888 22.273 66.888 22.105L66.888 19.969Q66.888 19.754 66.832 19.658Q66.775 19.562 66.662 19.541Q66.549 19.519 66.302 19.519L66.302 19.223L67.502 19.137L67.502 22.105Q67.502 22.273 67.648 22.320Q67.795 22.367 68.056 22.367L68.056 22.664M66.615 17.742Q66.615 17.551 66.750 17.420Q66.885 17.289 67.080 17.289Q67.201 17.289 67.304 17.352Q67.408 17.414 67.470 17.518Q67.533 17.621 67.533 17.742Q67.533 17.937 67.402 18.072Q67.271 18.207 67.080 18.207Q66.881 18.207 66.748 18.074Q66.615 17.941 66.615 17.742M68.599 20.937Q68.599 20.441 68.849 20.016Q69.099 19.590 69.519 19.344Q69.939 19.098 70.439 19.098Q70.978 19.098 71.369 19.223Q71.760 19.348 71.760 19.762Q71.760 19.867 71.709 19.959Q71.658 20.051 71.566 20.102Q71.474 20.152 71.365 20.152Q71.260 20.152 71.168 20.102Q71.076 20.051 71.025 19.959Q70.974 19.867 70.974 19.762Q70.974 19.539 71.142 19.434Q70.920 19.375 70.447 19.375Q70.150 19.375 69.935 19.514Q69.720 19.652 69.590 19.883Q69.459 20.113 69.400 20.383Q69.342 20.652 69.342 20.937Q69.342 21.332 69.474 21.682Q69.607 22.031 69.879 22.248Q70.150 22.465 70.549 22.465Q70.924 22.465 71.199 22.248Q71.474 22.031 71.576 21.672Q71.592 21.609 71.654 21.609L71.760 21.609Q71.795 21.609 71.820 21.637Q71.845 21.664 71.845 21.703L71.845 21.727Q71.713 22.207 71.328 22.475Q70.943 22.742 70.439 22.742Q70.076 22.742 69.742 22.605Q69.408 22.469 69.148 22.219Q68.888 21.969 68.744 21.633Q68.599 21.297 68.599 20.937\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M120.174 65.343a2 2 0 1 0-4 0 2 2 0 0 0 4 0m-2 0\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(79.217 49.657)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M44.478 22.656L44.478 21.434Q44.478 21.406 44.510 21.375Q44.541 21.344 44.564 21.344L44.670 21.344Q44.740 21.344 44.756 21.406Q44.818 21.727 44.957 21.967Q45.095 22.207 45.328 22.348Q45.560 22.488 45.869 22.488Q46.107 22.488 46.316 22.428Q46.525 22.367 46.662 22.219Q46.799 22.070 46.799 21.824Q46.799 21.570 46.588 21.404Q46.377 21.238 46.107 21.184L45.486 21.070Q45.080 20.992 44.779 20.736Q44.478 20.480 44.478 20.105Q44.478 19.738 44.679 19.516Q44.881 19.293 45.205 19.195Q45.529 19.098 45.869 19.098Q46.334 19.098 46.631 19.305L46.853 19.121Q46.877 19.098 46.908 19.098L46.959 19.098Q46.990 19.098 47.017 19.125Q47.045 19.152 47.045 19.184L47.045 20.168Q47.045 20.199 47.019 20.228Q46.994 20.258 46.959 20.258L46.853 20.258Q46.818 20.258 46.791 20.230Q46.763 20.203 46.763 20.168Q46.763 19.769 46.511 19.549Q46.260 19.328 45.861 19.328Q45.506 19.328 45.222 19.451Q44.939 19.574 44.939 19.879Q44.939 20.098 45.140 20.230Q45.342 20.363 45.588 20.406L46.213 20.519Q46.642 20.609 46.951 20.906Q47.260 21.203 47.260 21.617Q47.260 22.187 46.861 22.465Q46.463 22.742 45.869 22.742Q45.318 22.742 44.967 22.406L44.670 22.719Q44.646 22.742 44.611 22.742L44.564 22.742Q44.541 22.742 44.510 22.711Q44.478 22.680 44.478 22.656M47.787 20.910Q47.787 20.430 48.019 20.014Q48.252 19.598 48.662 19.348Q49.072 19.098 49.549 19.098Q50.279 19.098 50.677 19.539Q51.076 19.980 51.076 20.711Q51.076 20.816 50.982 20.840L48.533 20.840L48.533 20.910Q48.533 21.320 48.654 21.676Q48.775 22.031 49.047 22.248Q49.318 22.465 49.748 22.465Q50.111 22.465 50.408 22.236Q50.705 22.008 50.806 21.656Q50.814 21.609 50.900 21.594L50.982 21.594Q51.076 21.621 51.076 21.703Q51.076 21.711 51.068 21.742Q51.006 21.969 50.867 22.152Q50.728 22.336 50.537 22.469Q50.345 22.602 50.127 22.672Q49.908 22.742 49.670 22.742Q49.299 22.742 48.961 22.605Q48.623 22.469 48.355 22.217Q48.088 21.965 47.937 21.625Q47.787 21.285 47.787 20.910M48.541 20.602L50.502 20.602Q50.502 20.297 50.400 20.006Q50.299 19.715 50.082 19.533Q49.865 19.352 49.549 19.352Q49.248 19.352 49.017 19.539Q48.787 19.727 48.664 20.018Q48.541 20.309 48.541 20.602M53.572 22.664L51.592 22.664L51.592 22.367Q51.861 22.367 52.029 22.322Q52.197 22.277 52.197 22.105L52.197 19.969Q52.197 19.754 52.135 19.658Q52.072 19.562 51.955 19.541Q51.838 19.519 51.592 19.519L51.592 19.223L52.760 19.137L52.760 19.922Q52.838 19.711 52.990 19.525Q53.142 19.340 53.342 19.238Q53.541 19.137 53.767 19.137Q54.013 19.137 54.205 19.281Q54.396 19.426 54.396 19.656Q54.396 19.812 54.291 19.922Q54.185 20.031 54.029 20.031Q53.873 20.031 53.763 19.922Q53.654 19.812 53.654 19.656Q53.654 19.496 53.760 19.391Q53.435 19.391 53.220 19.619Q53.006 19.848 52.910 20.187Q52.814 20.527 52.814 20.832L52.814 22.105Q52.814 22.273 53.041 22.320Q53.267 22.367 53.572 22.367L53.572 22.664M54.877 20.910Q54.877 20.430 55.109 20.014Q55.342 19.598 55.752 19.348Q56.162 19.098 56.638 19.098Q57.369 19.098 57.767 19.539Q58.166 19.980 58.166 20.711Q58.166 20.816 58.072 20.840L55.623 20.840L55.623 20.910Q55.623 21.320 55.744 21.676Q55.865 22.031 56.136 22.248Q56.408 22.465 56.838 22.465Q57.201 22.465 57.498 22.236Q57.795 22.008 57.896 21.656Q57.904 21.609 57.990 21.594L58.072 21.594Q58.166 21.621 58.166 21.703Q58.166 21.711 58.158 21.742Q58.095 21.969 57.957 22.152Q57.818 22.336 57.627 22.469Q57.435 22.602 57.217 22.672Q56.998 22.742 56.760 22.742Q56.388 22.742 56.051 22.605Q55.713 22.469 55.445 22.217Q55.177 21.965 55.027 21.625Q54.877 21.285 54.877 20.910M55.631 20.602L57.592 20.602Q57.592 20.297 57.490 20.006Q57.388 19.715 57.172 19.533Q56.955 19.352 56.638 19.352Q56.338 19.352 56.107 19.539Q55.877 19.727 55.754 20.018Q55.631 20.309 55.631 20.602M60.584 22.664L58.728 22.664L58.728 22.367Q59.002 22.367 59.170 22.320Q59.338 22.273 59.338 22.105L59.338 19.969Q59.338 19.754 59.275 19.658Q59.213 19.562 59.093 19.541Q58.974 19.519 58.728 19.519L58.728 19.223L59.920 19.137L59.920 19.871Q60.033 19.656 60.226 19.488Q60.420 19.320 60.658 19.228Q60.896 19.137 61.150 19.137Q62.318 19.137 62.318 20.215L62.318 22.105Q62.318 22.273 62.488 22.320Q62.658 22.367 62.927 22.367L62.927 22.664L61.072 22.664L61.072 22.367Q61.345 22.367 61.513 22.320Q61.681 22.273 61.681 22.105L61.681 20.230Q61.681 19.848 61.560 19.619Q61.439 19.391 61.088 19.391Q60.775 19.391 60.521 19.553Q60.267 19.715 60.121 19.984Q59.974 20.254 59.974 20.551L59.974 22.105Q59.974 22.273 60.144 22.320Q60.314 22.367 60.584 22.367L60.584 22.664M63.373 20.910Q63.373 20.430 63.605 20.014Q63.838 19.598 64.248 19.348Q64.658 19.098 65.135 19.098Q65.865 19.098 66.263 19.539Q66.662 19.980 66.662 20.711Q66.662 20.816 66.568 20.840L64.119 20.840L64.119 20.910Q64.119 21.320 64.240 21.676Q64.361 22.031 64.633 22.248Q64.904 22.465 65.334 22.465Q65.697 22.465 65.994 22.236Q66.291 22.008 66.392 21.656Q66.400 21.609 66.486 21.594L66.568 21.594Q66.662 21.621 66.662 21.703Q66.662 21.711 66.654 21.742Q66.592 21.969 66.453 22.152Q66.314 22.336 66.123 22.469Q65.931 22.602 65.713 22.672Q65.494 22.742 65.256 22.742Q64.885 22.742 64.547 22.605Q64.209 22.469 63.941 22.217Q63.674 21.965 63.523 21.625Q63.373 21.285 63.373 20.910M64.127 20.602L66.088 20.602Q66.088 20.297 65.986 20.006Q65.885 19.715 65.668 19.533Q65.451 19.352 65.135 19.352Q64.834 19.352 64.603 19.539Q64.373 19.727 64.250 20.018Q64.127 20.309 64.127 20.602\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M-19.245-37.087a2 2 0 1 0-4 0 2 2 0 0 0 4 0m-2 0\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\">\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr8\" font-size=\"8\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-101.41 -63.284)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M45.060 21.703L45.060 19.512L44.357 19.512L44.357 19.258Q44.713 19.258 44.955 19.025Q45.197 18.793 45.308 18.445Q45.420 18.098 45.420 17.742L45.701 17.742L45.701 19.215L46.877 19.215L46.877 19.512L45.701 19.512L45.701 21.687Q45.701 22.008 45.820 22.236Q45.939 22.465 46.220 22.465Q46.400 22.465 46.517 22.342Q46.635 22.219 46.687 22.039Q46.740 21.859 46.740 21.687L46.740 21.215L47.021 21.215L47.021 21.703Q47.021 21.957 46.916 22.197Q46.810 22.437 46.613 22.590Q46.416 22.742 46.158 22.742Q45.842 22.742 45.590 22.619Q45.338 22.496 45.199 22.262Q45.060 22.027 45.060 21.703M47.740 20.910Q47.740 20.430 47.972 20.014Q48.205 19.598 48.615 19.348Q49.025 19.098 49.502 19.098Q50.232 19.098 50.631 19.539Q51.029 19.980 51.029 20.711Q51.029 20.816 50.935 20.840L48.486 20.840L48.486 20.910Q48.486 21.320 48.607 21.676Q48.728 22.031 49 22.248Q49.271 22.465 49.701 22.465Q50.064 22.465 50.361 22.236Q50.658 22.008 50.760 21.656Q50.767 21.609 50.853 21.594L50.935 21.594Q51.029 21.621 51.029 21.703Q51.029 21.711 51.021 21.742Q50.959 21.969 50.820 22.152Q50.681 22.336 50.490 22.469Q50.299 22.602 50.080 22.672Q49.861 22.742 49.623 22.742Q49.252 22.742 48.914 22.605Q48.576 22.469 48.308 22.217Q48.041 21.965 47.890 21.625Q47.740 21.285 47.740 20.910M48.494 20.602L50.455 20.602Q50.455 20.297 50.353 20.006Q50.252 19.715 50.035 19.533Q49.818 19.352 49.502 19.352Q49.201 19.352 48.970 19.539Q48.740 19.727 48.617 20.018Q48.494 20.309 48.494 20.602M53.525 22.664L51.545 22.664L51.545 22.367Q51.814 22.367 51.982 22.322Q52.150 22.277 52.150 22.105L52.150 19.969Q52.150 19.754 52.088 19.658Q52.025 19.562 51.908 19.541Q51.791 19.519 51.545 19.519L51.545 19.223L52.713 19.137L52.713 19.922Q52.791 19.711 52.943 19.525Q53.095 19.340 53.295 19.238Q53.494 19.137 53.720 19.137Q53.967 19.137 54.158 19.281Q54.349 19.426 54.349 19.656Q54.349 19.812 54.244 19.922Q54.138 20.031 53.982 20.031Q53.826 20.031 53.717 19.922Q53.607 19.812 53.607 19.656Q53.607 19.496 53.713 19.391Q53.388 19.391 53.174 19.619Q52.959 19.848 52.863 20.187Q52.767 20.527 52.767 20.832L52.767 22.105Q52.767 22.273 52.994 22.320Q53.220 22.367 53.525 22.367L53.525 22.664M56.838 22.664L54.857 22.664L54.857 22.367Q55.127 22.367 55.295 22.322Q55.463 22.277 55.463 22.105L55.463 19.969Q55.463 19.754 55.400 19.658Q55.338 19.562 55.220 19.541Q55.103 19.519 54.857 19.519L54.857 19.223L56.025 19.137L56.025 19.922Q56.103 19.711 56.256 19.525Q56.408 19.340 56.607 19.238Q56.806 19.137 57.033 19.137Q57.279 19.137 57.470 19.281Q57.662 19.426 57.662 19.656Q57.662 19.812 57.556 19.922Q57.451 20.031 57.295 20.031Q57.138 20.031 57.029 19.922Q56.920 19.812 56.920 19.656Q56.920 19.496 57.025 19.391Q56.701 19.391 56.486 19.619Q56.271 19.848 56.176 20.187Q56.080 20.527 56.080 20.832L56.080 22.105Q56.080 22.273 56.306 22.320Q56.533 22.367 56.838 22.367L56.838 22.664M60.002 22.664L58.224 22.664L58.224 22.367Q58.498 22.367 58.666 22.320Q58.834 22.273 58.834 22.105L58.834 19.969Q58.834 19.754 58.777 19.658Q58.720 19.562 58.607 19.541Q58.494 19.519 58.248 19.519L58.248 19.223L59.447 19.137L59.447 22.105Q59.447 22.273 59.593 22.320Q59.740 22.367 60.002 22.367L60.002 22.664M58.560 17.742Q58.560 17.551 58.695 17.420Q58.830 17.289 59.025 17.289Q59.146 17.289 59.250 17.352Q59.353 17.414 59.416 17.518Q59.478 17.621 59.478 17.742Q59.478 17.937 59.347 18.072Q59.217 18.207 59.025 18.207Q58.826 18.207 58.693 18.074Q58.560 17.941 58.560 17.742M62.568 22.664L60.584 22.664L60.584 22.367Q60.857 22.367 61.025 22.320Q61.193 22.273 61.193 22.105L61.193 19.512L60.552 19.512L60.552 19.215L61.193 19.215L61.193 18.281Q61.193 18.016 61.310 17.779Q61.427 17.543 61.621 17.379Q61.814 17.215 62.062 17.123Q62.310 17.031 62.576 17.031Q62.861 17.031 63.086 17.189Q63.310 17.348 63.310 17.625Q63.310 17.781 63.205 17.891Q63.099 18 62.935 18Q62.779 18 62.670 17.891Q62.560 17.781 62.560 17.625Q62.560 17.418 62.720 17.312Q62.623 17.289 62.529 17.289Q62.299 17.289 62.127 17.445Q61.955 17.602 61.869 17.838Q61.783 18.074 61.783 18.297L61.783 19.215L62.752 19.215L62.752 19.512L61.806 19.512L61.806 22.105Q61.806 22.273 62.033 22.320Q62.260 22.367 62.568 22.367\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-101.41 -63.284)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M65.594 22.664L63.816 22.664L63.816 22.367Q64.090 22.367 64.258 22.320Q64.426 22.273 64.426 22.105L64.426 19.969Q64.426 19.754 64.369 19.658Q64.312 19.562 64.199 19.541Q64.086 19.519 63.840 19.519L63.840 19.223L65.039 19.137L65.039 22.105Q65.039 22.273 65.185 22.320Q65.332 22.367 65.594 22.367L65.594 22.664M64.152 17.742Q64.152 17.551 64.287 17.420Q64.422 17.289 64.617 17.289Q64.738 17.289 64.842 17.352Q64.945 17.414 65.008 17.518Q65.070 17.621 65.070 17.742Q65.070 17.937 64.939 18.072Q64.809 18.207 64.617 18.207Q64.418 18.207 64.285 18.074Q64.152 17.941 64.152 17.742M66.094 20.910Q66.094 20.430 66.326 20.014Q66.559 19.598 66.969 19.348Q67.379 19.098 67.855 19.098Q68.586 19.098 68.984 19.539Q69.383 19.980 69.383 20.711Q69.383 20.816 69.289 20.840L66.840 20.840L66.840 20.910Q66.840 21.320 66.961 21.676Q67.082 22.031 67.353 22.248Q67.625 22.465 68.055 22.465Q68.418 22.465 68.715 22.236Q69.012 22.008 69.113 21.656Q69.121 21.609 69.207 21.594L69.289 21.594Q69.383 21.621 69.383 21.703Q69.383 21.711 69.375 21.742Q69.312 21.969 69.174 22.152Q69.035 22.336 68.844 22.469Q68.652 22.602 68.434 22.672Q68.215 22.742 67.976 22.742Q67.605 22.742 67.267 22.605Q66.930 22.469 66.662 22.217Q66.394 21.965 66.244 21.625Q66.094 21.285 66.094 20.910M66.848 20.602L68.809 20.602Q68.809 20.297 68.707 20.006Q68.605 19.715 68.389 19.533Q68.172 19.352 67.855 19.352Q67.555 19.352 67.324 19.539Q67.094 19.727 66.971 20.018Q66.848 20.309 66.848 20.602M71.687 22.742Q71.207 22.742 70.799 22.498Q70.391 22.254 70.152 21.840Q69.914 21.426 69.914 20.937Q69.914 20.445 70.172 20.029Q70.430 19.613 70.861 19.375Q71.293 19.137 71.785 19.137Q72.406 19.137 72.855 19.574L72.855 17.945Q72.855 17.730 72.793 17.635Q72.730 17.539 72.613 17.518Q72.496 17.496 72.250 17.496L72.250 17.199L73.473 17.113L73.473 21.922Q73.473 22.133 73.535 22.228Q73.598 22.324 73.715 22.346Q73.832 22.367 74.082 22.367L74.082 22.664L72.832 22.742L72.832 22.258Q72.367 22.742 71.687 22.742M71.754 22.488Q72.094 22.488 72.387 22.297Q72.680 22.105 72.832 21.809L72.832 19.977Q72.684 19.703 72.422 19.547Q72.160 19.391 71.848 19.391Q71.223 19.391 70.939 19.838Q70.656 20.285 70.656 20.945Q70.656 21.590 70.908 22.039Q71.160 22.488 71.754 22.488\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M-27.78 68.189a2 2 0 1 0-4 0 2 2 0 0 0 4 0m-2 0\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\">\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr8\" font-size=\"8\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-106.467 54.613)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M44.435 23.273Q44.435 22.992 44.646 22.781Q44.857 22.570 45.142 22.480Q44.986 22.355 44.908 22.166Q44.830 21.977 44.830 21.777Q44.830 21.422 45.060 21.129Q44.693 20.789 44.693 20.320Q44.693 19.969 44.896 19.699Q45.099 19.430 45.420 19.283Q45.740 19.137 46.084 19.137Q46.603 19.137 46.974 19.418Q47.338 19.047 47.885 19.047Q48.064 19.047 48.191 19.174Q48.318 19.301 48.318 19.480Q48.318 19.586 48.240 19.664Q48.162 19.742 48.052 19.742Q47.943 19.742 47.867 19.666Q47.791 19.590 47.791 19.480Q47.791 19.379 47.830 19.328Q47.838 19.320 47.842 19.314Q47.845 19.309 47.845 19.305Q47.470 19.305 47.150 19.559Q47.470 19.898 47.470 20.320Q47.470 20.590 47.353 20.807Q47.236 21.023 47.031 21.182Q46.826 21.340 46.584 21.422Q46.342 21.504 46.084 21.504Q45.865 21.504 45.652 21.445Q45.439 21.387 45.244 21.266Q45.150 21.406 45.150 21.586Q45.150 21.793 45.287 21.945Q45.424 22.098 45.631 22.098L46.326 22.098Q46.814 22.098 47.226 22.182Q47.638 22.266 47.918 22.523Q48.197 22.781 48.197 23.273Q48.197 23.637 47.877 23.869Q47.556 24.102 47.115 24.203Q46.674 24.305 46.318 24.305Q45.963 24.305 45.519 24.203Q45.076 24.102 44.756 23.869Q44.435 23.637 44.435 23.273M44.939 23.273Q44.939 23.469 45.084 23.617Q45.228 23.766 45.441 23.855Q45.654 23.945 45.894 23.992Q46.135 24.039 46.318 24.039Q46.560 24.039 46.890 23.961Q47.220 23.883 47.457 23.709Q47.693 23.535 47.693 23.273Q47.693 22.867 47.283 22.758Q46.873 22.648 46.310 22.648L45.631 22.648Q45.361 22.648 45.150 22.826Q44.939 23.004 44.939 23.273M46.084 21.238Q46.806 21.238 46.806 20.320Q46.806 19.398 46.084 19.398Q45.357 19.398 45.357 20.320Q45.357 21.238 46.084 21.238M50.595 22.664L48.763 22.664L48.763 22.367Q49.037 22.367 49.205 22.320Q49.373 22.273 49.373 22.105L49.373 17.945Q49.373 17.730 49.310 17.635Q49.248 17.539 49.129 17.518Q49.010 17.496 48.763 17.496L48.763 17.199L49.986 17.113L49.986 22.105Q49.986 22.273 50.154 22.320Q50.322 22.367 50.595 22.367L50.595 22.664M51.041 20.969Q51.041 20.465 51.297 20.033Q51.552 19.602 51.988 19.350Q52.424 19.098 52.924 19.098Q53.310 19.098 53.652 19.242Q53.994 19.387 54.256 19.648Q54.517 19.910 54.660 20.246Q54.802 20.582 54.802 20.969Q54.802 21.461 54.539 21.871Q54.275 22.281 53.845 22.512Q53.416 22.742 52.924 22.742Q52.431 22.742 51.998 22.510Q51.564 22.277 51.302 21.869Q51.041 21.461 51.041 20.969M52.924 22.465Q53.381 22.465 53.633 22.242Q53.885 22.019 53.972 21.668Q54.060 21.316 54.060 20.871Q54.060 20.441 53.967 20.103Q53.873 19.766 53.619 19.559Q53.365 19.352 52.924 19.352Q52.275 19.352 52.031 19.768Q51.787 20.184 51.787 20.871Q51.787 21.316 51.875 21.668Q51.963 22.019 52.215 22.242Q52.467 22.465 52.924 22.465\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-106.467 54.613)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M55.532 20.969Q55.532 20.465 55.788 20.033Q56.044 19.602 56.480 19.350Q56.915 19.098 57.415 19.098Q57.802 19.098 58.144 19.242Q58.485 19.387 58.747 19.648Q59.009 19.910 59.151 20.246Q59.294 20.582 59.294 20.969Q59.294 21.461 59.030 21.871Q58.767 22.281 58.337 22.512Q57.907 22.742 57.415 22.742Q56.923 22.742 56.489 22.510Q56.056 22.277 55.794 21.869Q55.532 21.461 55.532 20.969M57.415 22.465Q57.872 22.465 58.124 22.242Q58.376 22.019 58.464 21.668Q58.552 21.316 58.552 20.871Q58.552 20.441 58.458 20.103Q58.364 19.766 58.110 19.559Q57.856 19.352 57.415 19.352Q56.767 19.352 56.523 19.768Q56.278 20.184 56.278 20.871Q56.278 21.316 56.366 21.668Q56.454 22.019 56.706 22.242Q56.958 22.465 57.415 22.465M61.708 22.664L59.853 22.664L59.853 22.367Q60.126 22.367 60.294 22.320Q60.462 22.273 60.462 22.105L60.462 19.969Q60.462 19.754 60.399 19.658Q60.337 19.562 60.218 19.541Q60.099 19.519 59.853 19.519L59.853 19.223L61.044 19.137L61.044 19.871Q61.157 19.656 61.351 19.488Q61.544 19.320 61.782 19.228Q62.021 19.137 62.274 19.137Q63.235 19.137 63.411 19.848Q63.595 19.519 63.923 19.328Q64.251 19.137 64.630 19.137Q65.806 19.137 65.806 20.215L65.806 22.105Q65.806 22.273 65.974 22.320Q66.142 22.367 66.411 22.367L66.411 22.664L64.556 22.664L64.556 22.367Q64.829 22.367 64.997 22.322Q65.165 22.277 65.165 22.105L65.165 20.230Q65.165 19.844 65.040 19.617Q64.915 19.391 64.564 19.391Q64.259 19.391 64.003 19.553Q63.747 19.715 63.599 19.984Q63.450 20.254 63.450 20.551L63.450 22.105Q63.450 22.273 63.620 22.320Q63.790 22.367 64.060 22.367L64.060 22.664L62.204 22.664L62.204 22.367Q62.478 22.367 62.646 22.320Q62.814 22.273 62.814 22.105L62.814 20.230Q62.814 19.844 62.689 19.617Q62.564 19.391 62.212 19.391Q61.907 19.391 61.651 19.553Q61.396 19.715 61.247 19.984Q61.099 20.254 61.099 20.551L61.099 22.105Q61.099 22.273 61.269 22.320Q61.439 22.367 61.708 22.367\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-106.467 54.613)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M67.047 23.961Q67.161 24.039 67.336 24.039Q67.625 24.039 67.846 23.826Q68.067 23.613 68.192 23.312L68.481 22.664L67.207 19.777Q67.125 19.602 66.981 19.557Q66.836 19.512 66.567 19.512L66.567 19.215L68.286 19.215L68.286 19.512Q67.864 19.512 67.864 19.695Q67.864 19.707 67.879 19.777L68.817 21.902L69.649 19.992Q69.688 19.902 69.688 19.824Q69.688 19.684 69.586 19.598Q69.485 19.512 69.344 19.512L69.344 19.215L70.696 19.215L70.696 19.512Q70.442 19.512 70.248 19.637Q70.055 19.762 69.950 19.992L68.504 23.312Q68.391 23.566 68.225 23.789Q68.059 24.012 67.830 24.154Q67.602 24.297 67.336 24.297Q67.039 24.297 66.799 24.105Q66.559 23.914 66.559 23.625Q66.559 23.469 66.664 23.367Q66.770 23.266 66.918 23.266Q67.024 23.266 67.104 23.312Q67.184 23.359 67.231 23.437Q67.278 23.516 67.278 23.625Q67.278 23.746 67.217 23.834Q67.157 23.922 67.047 23.961\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"M62.868 8.438a1.6 1.6 0 1 0-3.2 0 1.6 1.6 0 0 0 3.2 0m-1.6 0\"\u002F>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(22.312 -17.76)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M44.511 21.153Q44.511 20.825 44.646 20.524Q44.781 20.224 45.017 20.003Q45.253 19.783 45.557 19.663Q45.862 19.543 46.186 19.543Q46.692 19.543 47.041 19.646Q47.389 19.748 47.389 20.124Q47.389 20.271 47.292 20.372Q47.195 20.473 47.048 20.473Q46.894 20.473 46.795 20.374Q46.696 20.275 46.696 20.124Q46.696 19.936 46.836 19.844Q46.634 19.793 46.193 19.793Q45.838 19.793 45.609 19.989Q45.380 20.186 45.279 20.495Q45.178 20.805 45.178 21.153Q45.178 21.502 45.304 21.808Q45.431 22.114 45.686 22.298Q45.940 22.483 46.296 22.483Q46.518 22.483 46.702 22.399Q46.887 22.315 47.022 22.160Q47.157 22.004 47.215 21.796Q47.229 21.741 47.283 21.741L47.396 21.741Q47.427 21.741 47.449 21.765Q47.471 21.789 47.471 21.823L47.471 21.844Q47.386 22.131 47.198 22.329Q47.010 22.527 46.745 22.630Q46.480 22.732 46.186 22.732Q45.756 22.732 45.368 22.526Q44.980 22.319 44.746 21.956Q44.511 21.594 44.511 21.153M48.018 21.181Q48.018 20.839 48.153 20.540Q48.288 20.241 48.528 20.017Q48.767 19.793 49.085 19.668Q49.403 19.543 49.734 19.543Q50.178 19.543 50.578 19.759Q50.978 19.974 51.212 20.352Q51.447 20.729 51.447 21.181Q51.447 21.522 51.305 21.806Q51.163 22.090 50.918 22.297Q50.674 22.503 50.365 22.618Q50.055 22.732 49.734 22.732Q49.303 22.732 48.902 22.531Q48.500 22.329 48.259 21.977Q48.018 21.625 48.018 21.181M49.734 22.483Q50.336 22.483 50.560 22.105Q50.783 21.727 50.783 21.095Q50.783 20.483 50.549 20.124Q50.315 19.766 49.734 19.766Q48.681 19.766 48.681 21.095Q48.681 21.727 48.907 22.105Q49.133 22.483 49.734 22.483M53.723 22.664L52.089 22.664L52.089 22.384Q52.318 22.384 52.467 22.350Q52.615 22.315 52.615 22.175L52.615 20.326Q52.615 20.056 52.508 19.995Q52.400 19.933 52.089 19.933L52.089 19.653L53.149 19.578L53.149 20.227Q53.320 19.919 53.624 19.748Q53.928 19.578 54.273 19.578Q54.779 19.578 55.063 19.801Q55.346 20.025 55.346 20.521L55.346 22.175Q55.346 22.312 55.495 22.348Q55.644 22.384 55.869 22.384L55.869 22.664L54.239 22.664L54.239 22.384Q54.468 22.384 54.617 22.350Q54.765 22.315 54.765 22.175L54.765 20.535Q54.765 20.200 54.646 20Q54.526 19.800 54.212 19.800Q53.942 19.800 53.707 19.936Q53.473 20.073 53.335 20.307Q53.197 20.541 53.197 20.815L53.197 22.175Q53.197 22.312 53.347 22.348Q53.497 22.384 53.723 22.384\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(22.312 -17.76)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M56.781 21.823L56.781 19.926L56.142 19.926L56.142 19.704Q56.460 19.704 56.677 19.494Q56.894 19.284 56.994 18.974Q57.095 18.665 57.095 18.357L57.362 18.357L57.362 19.646L58.439 19.646L58.439 19.926L57.362 19.926L57.362 21.810Q57.362 22.086 57.466 22.285Q57.570 22.483 57.830 22.483Q57.987 22.483 58.093 22.379Q58.199 22.274 58.249 22.121Q58.298 21.967 58.298 21.810L58.298 21.396L58.565 21.396L58.565 21.823Q58.565 22.049 58.466 22.259Q58.367 22.469 58.182 22.601Q57.998 22.732 57.769 22.732Q57.331 22.732 57.056 22.495Q56.781 22.257 56.781 21.823M59.334 21.129Q59.334 20.808 59.459 20.519Q59.584 20.230 59.809 20.007Q60.035 19.783 60.330 19.663Q60.626 19.543 60.944 19.543Q61.272 19.543 61.534 19.643Q61.795 19.742 61.971 19.924Q62.147 20.107 62.241 20.365Q62.335 20.623 62.335 20.955Q62.335 21.047 62.253 21.068L59.997 21.068L59.997 21.129Q59.997 21.717 60.281 22.100Q60.565 22.483 61.132 22.483Q61.453 22.483 61.721 22.290Q61.990 22.097 62.079 21.782Q62.086 21.741 62.161 21.727L62.253 21.727Q62.335 21.751 62.335 21.823Q62.335 21.830 62.328 21.857Q62.215 22.254 61.845 22.493Q61.474 22.732 61.050 22.732Q60.612 22.732 60.212 22.524Q59.813 22.315 59.573 21.948Q59.334 21.581 59.334 21.129M60.004 20.859L61.819 20.859Q61.819 20.582 61.721 20.330Q61.624 20.077 61.426 19.921Q61.228 19.766 60.944 19.766Q60.667 19.766 60.453 19.924Q60.240 20.083 60.122 20.338Q60.004 20.593 60.004 20.859M64.605 22.664L62.971 22.664L62.971 22.384Q63.200 22.384 63.348 22.350Q63.497 22.315 63.497 22.175L63.497 20.326Q63.497 20.056 63.389 19.995Q63.282 19.933 62.971 19.933L62.971 19.653L64.030 19.578L64.030 20.227Q64.201 19.919 64.505 19.748Q64.810 19.578 65.155 19.578Q65.661 19.578 65.944 19.801Q66.228 20.025 66.228 20.521L66.228 22.175Q66.228 22.312 66.377 22.348Q66.525 22.384 66.751 22.384L66.751 22.664L65.121 22.664L65.121 22.384Q65.350 22.384 65.498 22.350Q65.647 22.315 65.647 22.175L65.647 20.535Q65.647 20.200 65.527 20Q65.408 19.800 65.093 19.800Q64.823 19.800 64.589 19.936Q64.355 20.073 64.217 20.307Q64.078 20.541 64.078 20.815L64.078 22.175Q64.078 22.312 64.229 22.348Q64.379 22.384 64.605 22.384\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(22.312 -17.76)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M67.663 21.823L67.663 19.926L67.024 19.926L67.024 19.704Q67.342 19.704 67.559 19.494Q67.776 19.284 67.876 18.974Q67.977 18.665 67.977 18.357L68.244 18.357L68.244 19.646L69.321 19.646L69.321 19.926L68.244 19.926L68.244 21.810Q68.244 22.086 68.348 22.285Q68.452 22.483 68.712 22.483Q68.869 22.483 68.975 22.379Q69.081 22.274 69.131 22.121Q69.180 21.967 69.180 21.810L69.180 21.396L69.447 21.396L69.447 21.823Q69.447 22.049 69.348 22.259Q69.249 22.469 69.064 22.601Q68.880 22.732 68.651 22.732Q68.213 22.732 67.938 22.495Q67.663 22.257 67.663 21.823\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fsvg>\u003Cfigcaption class=\"tikz-cap\">The valence-arousal plane. Valence (horizontal) is pleasantness; arousal (vertical) is intensity. Sentiment is just the valence axis. Words like serene and terrified sit in different quadrants of the same 2-D space.\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>","\u003Csvg style=\"width:100%;max-width:302.663px;height:auto\" xmlns=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg\" viewBox=\"-75 -75 226.998 92.881\">\u003Cg stroke=\"currentColor\" style=\"stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-width:.4\">\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmbx8\" font-size=\"8\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(3.533 2.778)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-62.594-66.249L-64.899-71.198L-65.661-71.198L-65.661-71.647L-62.891-71.647L-62.891-71.198L-63.602-71.198L-61.868-67.472L-60.157-71.151Q-60.204-71.198-60.844-71.198L-60.844-71.647L-58.754-71.647L-58.754-71.198Q-59.500-71.198-59.539-71.143L-61.821-66.249Q-61.895-66.081-62.082-66.081L-62.332-66.081Q-62.520-66.081-62.594-66.249\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(3.533 2.778)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-59.057-67.089Q-59.057-67.460-58.762-67.712Q-58.467-67.964-58.016-68.095Q-57.564-68.225-57.129-68.272Q-56.693-68.319-56.307-68.319L-56.307-68.573Q-56.307-68.972-56.537-69.202Q-56.767-69.432-57.162-69.432Q-57.588-69.432-57.795-69.382Q-57.635-69.237-57.635-68.983Q-57.635-68.749-57.793-68.591Q-57.951-68.432-58.185-68.432Q-58.428-68.432-58.586-68.591Q-58.744-68.749-58.744-68.983Q-58.744-69.495-58.279-69.647Q-57.814-69.800-57.162-69.800Q-56.740-69.800-56.310-69.684Q-55.881-69.569-55.590-69.298Q-55.299-69.026-55.299-68.593L-55.299-66.733Q-55.267-66.608-54.728-66.608Q-54.670-66.608-54.623-66.561Q-54.576-66.514-54.576-66.456L-54.576-66.319Q-54.576-66.253-54.623-66.206Q-54.670-66.159-54.728-66.159L-55.275-66.159Q-56.154-66.159-56.154-66.663Q-56.342-66.386-56.687-66.245Q-57.033-66.104-57.400-66.104Q-57.775-66.104-58.156-66.188Q-58.537-66.272-58.797-66.495Q-59.057-66.718-59.057-67.089M-58.049-67.089Q-58.049-66.901-57.937-66.761Q-57.826-66.620-57.650-66.546Q-57.475-66.472-57.291-66.472Q-57.060-66.472-56.832-66.552Q-56.603-66.632-56.455-66.792Q-56.307-66.952-56.307-67.190L-56.307-67.983Q-56.642-67.983-57.045-67.899Q-57.447-67.815-57.748-67.614Q-58.049-67.413-58.049-67.089M-52.096-66.159L-54.111-66.159L-54.111-66.608L-53.584-66.608L-53.584-70.975Q-53.584-71.124-53.730-71.161Q-53.877-71.198-54.111-71.198L-54.111-71.647L-52.623-71.710L-52.623-66.608L-52.096-66.608L-52.096-66.159M-51.576-67.960Q-51.576-68.538-51.293-68.958Q-51.010-69.378-50.525-69.589Q-50.041-69.800-49.475-69.800Q-49.033-69.800-48.697-69.688Q-48.361-69.577-48.127-69.356Q-47.892-69.136-47.767-68.805Q-47.642-68.475-47.642-68.038Q-47.642-67.882-47.795-67.854L-50.467-67.854Q-50.467-66.511-49.209-66.511Q-48.857-66.511-48.551-66.667Q-48.244-66.823-48.123-67.120Q-48.049-67.249-47.963-67.249L-47.795-67.249Q-47.642-67.214-47.642-67.081Q-47.642-67.046-47.650-67.030Q-47.834-66.554-48.299-66.329Q-48.764-66.104-49.338-66.104Q-49.935-66.104-50.445-66.307Q-50.955-66.511-51.266-66.932Q-51.576-67.354-51.576-67.960M-50.467-68.198L-48.459-68.198Q-48.459-68.737-48.707-69.085Q-48.955-69.432-49.475-69.432Q-49.818-69.432-50.043-69.266Q-50.267-69.100-50.367-68.823Q-50.467-68.546-50.467-68.198M-44.865-66.159L-46.928-66.159L-46.928-66.608L-46.400-66.608L-46.400-69.030Q-46.400-69.182-46.547-69.220Q-46.693-69.257-46.928-69.257L-46.928-69.702L-45.498-69.768L-45.498-68.975Q-45.350-69.222-45.115-69.401Q-44.881-69.581-44.603-69.675Q-44.326-69.768-44.033-69.768Q-43.592-69.768-43.295-69.661Q-42.998-69.554-42.836-69.294Q-42.674-69.034-42.674-68.600L-42.674-66.608L-42.146-66.608L-42.146-66.159L-44.209-66.159L-44.209-66.608L-43.682-66.608L-43.682-68.573Q-43.682-68.948-43.760-69.173Q-43.838-69.397-44.131-69.397Q-44.642-69.397-45.017-69.063Q-45.392-68.729-45.392-68.222L-45.392-66.608L-44.865-66.608L-44.865-66.159M-41.592-67.936Q-41.592-68.382-41.426-68.731Q-41.260-69.081-40.963-69.321Q-40.666-69.561-40.287-69.680Q-39.908-69.800-39.471-69.800Q-38.877-69.800-38.418-69.634Q-37.959-69.468-37.959-68.983Q-37.959-68.749-38.117-68.591Q-38.275-68.432-38.514-68.432Q-38.748-68.432-38.910-68.595Q-39.072-68.757-39.072-68.983Q-39.072-69.218-38.935-69.358Q-39.158-69.389-39.471-69.389Q-39.881-69.389-40.101-69.186Q-40.322-68.983-40.400-68.665Q-40.478-68.347-40.478-67.944Q-40.478-67.288-40.199-66.899Q-39.920-66.511-39.279-66.511Q-38.557-66.511-38.310-67.143Q-38.279-67.222-38.201-67.222L-37.975-67.222Q-37.850-67.194-37.850-67.089L-37.850-67.046Q-37.978-66.710-38.219-66.501Q-38.459-66.292-38.781-66.198Q-39.103-66.104-39.471-66.104Q-40.049-66.104-40.531-66.313Q-41.014-66.522-41.303-66.936Q-41.592-67.350-41.592-67.936M-37.295-67.960Q-37.295-68.538-37.012-68.958Q-36.728-69.378-36.244-69.589Q-35.760-69.800-35.193-69.800Q-34.752-69.800-34.416-69.688Q-34.080-69.577-33.846-69.356Q-33.611-69.136-33.486-68.805Q-33.361-68.475-33.361-68.038Q-33.361-67.882-33.514-67.854L-36.185-67.854Q-36.185-66.511-34.928-66.511Q-34.576-66.511-34.269-66.667Q-33.963-66.823-33.842-67.120Q-33.767-67.249-33.682-67.249L-33.514-67.249Q-33.361-67.214-33.361-67.081Q-33.361-67.046-33.369-67.030Q-33.553-66.554-34.017-66.329Q-34.482-66.104-35.057-66.104Q-35.654-66.104-36.164-66.307Q-36.674-66.511-36.984-66.932Q-37.295-67.354-37.295-67.960M-36.185-68.198L-34.178-68.198Q-34.178-68.737-34.426-69.085Q-34.674-69.432-35.193-69.432Q-35.537-69.432-35.762-69.266Q-35.986-69.100-36.086-68.823Q-36.185-68.546-36.185-68.198\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(77.51 2.778)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-63.403-66.159L-65.532-66.159L-65.532-66.608Q-64.754-66.608-64.715-66.663L-62.586-71.600Q-62.508-71.768-62.332-71.768L-62.082-71.768Q-61.907-71.768-61.829-71.600L-59.676-66.608L-58.883-66.608L-58.883-66.159L-61.684-66.159L-61.684-66.608L-60.954-66.608L-61.411-67.655L-63.676-67.655L-64.106-66.655Q-64.090-66.632-63.774-66.620Q-63.457-66.608-63.403-66.608L-63.403-66.159M-62.539-70.288L-63.485-68.104L-61.602-68.104L-62.539-70.288M-56.020-66.159L-58.164-66.159L-58.164-66.608L-57.637-66.608L-57.637-69.030Q-57.637-69.182-57.784-69.220Q-57.930-69.257-58.164-69.257L-58.164-69.702L-56.782-69.768L-56.782-68.960Q-56.625-69.315-56.346-69.542Q-56.067-69.768-55.700-69.768Q-55.336-69.768-55.041-69.581Q-54.746-69.393-54.746-69.054Q-54.746-68.909-54.819-68.782Q-54.891-68.655-55.018-68.583Q-55.145-68.511-55.293-68.511Q-55.438-68.511-55.565-68.583Q-55.692-68.655-55.764-68.782Q-55.836-68.909-55.836-69.054Q-55.836-69.268-55.723-69.397Q-56.055-69.397-56.272-69.151Q-56.489-68.905-56.582-68.546Q-56.676-68.186-56.676-67.870L-56.676-66.608L-56.020-66.608L-56.020-66.159M-54.196-67.893Q-54.196-68.358-54.026-68.718Q-53.856-69.077-53.553-69.319Q-53.250-69.561-52.858-69.680Q-52.465-69.800-52.020-69.800Q-51.575-69.800-51.184-69.682Q-50.793-69.565-50.487-69.321Q-50.180-69.077-50.012-68.718Q-49.844-68.358-49.844-67.893Q-49.844-67.444-50.022-67.106Q-50.200-66.768-50.512-66.544Q-50.825-66.319-51.209-66.212Q-51.594-66.104-52.020-66.104Q-52.442-66.104-52.830-66.212Q-53.219-66.319-53.530-66.544Q-53.840-66.768-54.018-67.108Q-54.196-67.448-54.196-67.893M-52.020-66.511Q-51.539-66.511-51.307-66.702Q-51.075-66.893-51.016-67.196Q-50.957-67.499-50.957-68.007Q-50.957-68.737-51.151-69.085Q-51.344-69.432-52.020-69.432Q-52.375-69.432-52.592-69.329Q-52.809-69.225-52.914-69.038Q-53.020-68.850-53.053-68.610Q-53.086-68.370-53.086-68.007Q-53.086-67.499-53.026-67.194Q-52.965-66.889-52.731-66.700Q-52.496-66.511-52.020-66.511M-48.614-67.081L-48.614-69.030Q-48.614-69.182-48.760-69.220Q-48.907-69.257-49.141-69.257L-49.141-69.702L-47.606-69.768L-47.606-67.097L-47.606-67.081Q-47.606-66.847-47.573-66.729Q-47.539-66.612-47.465-66.557Q-47.391-66.503-47.272-66.487Q-47.153-66.472-46.895-66.472Q-46.637-66.472-46.407-66.593Q-46.176-66.714-46.036-66.929Q-45.895-67.143-45.895-67.405L-45.895-69.030Q-45.895-69.182-46.041-69.220Q-46.188-69.257-46.422-69.257L-46.422-69.702L-44.887-69.768L-44.887-66.831Q-44.887-66.682-44.741-66.645Q-44.594-66.608-44.360-66.608L-44.360-66.159L-45.848-66.104L-45.848-66.639Q-46.039-66.389-46.344-66.247Q-46.649-66.104-46.981-66.104Q-47.422-66.104-47.772-66.167Q-48.121-66.229-48.368-66.446Q-48.614-66.663-48.614-67.081M-43.567-66.104L-43.676-66.104Q-43.805-66.136-43.805-66.237L-43.805-67.280Q-43.805-67.323-43.768-67.364Q-43.731-67.405-43.676-67.405L-43.454-67.405Q-43.352-67.378-43.325-67.304Q-43.207-66.889-42.922-66.680Q-42.637-66.472-42.204-66.472Q-41.817-66.472-41.536-66.581Q-41.254-66.690-41.254-67.022Q-41.254-67.257-41.457-67.380Q-41.661-67.503-41.950-67.557L-42.575-67.655Q-42.793-67.698-43.010-67.780Q-43.227-67.862-43.411-67.991Q-43.594-68.120-43.700-68.298Q-43.805-68.475-43.805-68.710Q-43.805-69.132-43.571-69.374Q-43.336-69.616-42.981-69.708Q-42.625-69.800-42.204-69.800Q-41.696-69.800-41.391-69.663L-41.118-69.792Q-41.110-69.796-41.100-69.798Q-41.090-69.800-41.079-69.800L-40.973-69.800Q-40.844-69.768-40.844-69.671L-40.844-68.862Q-40.844-68.811-40.887-68.768Q-40.930-68.725-40.973-68.725L-41.196-68.725Q-41.325-68.764-41.325-68.862Q-41.325-69.093-41.454-69.229Q-41.582-69.366-41.780-69.419Q-41.977-69.472-42.211-69.472Q-43.157-69.472-43.157-69.014Q-43.157-68.698-42.508-68.585L-41.875-68.479Q-41.360-68.386-40.983-68.089Q-40.606-67.792-40.606-67.304Q-40.606-66.647-41.057-66.376Q-41.508-66.104-42.204-66.104Q-42.762-66.104-43.149-66.335L-43.508-66.120Q-43.539-66.104-43.567-66.104M-39.996-67.089Q-39.996-67.460-39.702-67.712Q-39.407-67.964-38.955-68.095Q-38.504-68.225-38.069-68.272Q-37.633-68.319-37.246-68.319L-37.246-68.573Q-37.246-68.972-37.477-69.202Q-37.707-69.432-38.102-69.432Q-38.528-69.432-38.735-69.382Q-38.575-69.237-38.575-68.983Q-38.575-68.749-38.733-68.591Q-38.891-68.432-39.125-68.432Q-39.368-68.432-39.526-68.591Q-39.684-68.749-39.684-68.983Q-39.684-69.495-39.219-69.647Q-38.754-69.800-38.102-69.800Q-37.680-69.800-37.250-69.684Q-36.821-69.569-36.530-69.298Q-36.239-69.026-36.239-68.593L-36.239-66.733Q-36.207-66.608-35.668-66.608Q-35.610-66.608-35.563-66.561Q-35.516-66.514-35.516-66.456L-35.516-66.319Q-35.516-66.253-35.563-66.206Q-35.610-66.159-35.668-66.159L-36.215-66.159Q-37.094-66.159-37.094-66.663Q-37.282-66.386-37.627-66.245Q-37.973-66.104-38.340-66.104Q-38.715-66.104-39.096-66.188Q-39.477-66.272-39.737-66.495Q-39.996-66.718-39.996-67.089M-38.989-67.089Q-38.989-66.901-38.877-66.761Q-38.766-66.620-38.590-66.546Q-38.414-66.472-38.231-66.472Q-38-66.472-37.772-66.552Q-37.543-66.632-37.395-66.792Q-37.246-66.952-37.246-67.190L-37.246-67.983Q-37.582-67.983-37.985-67.899Q-38.387-67.815-38.688-67.614Q-38.989-67.413-38.989-67.089M-33.036-66.159L-35.051-66.159L-35.051-66.608L-34.524-66.608L-34.524-70.975Q-34.524-71.124-34.670-71.161Q-34.817-71.198-35.051-71.198L-35.051-71.647L-33.563-71.710L-33.563-66.608L-33.036-66.608\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(151.488 2.778)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-61.930-66.159L-65.516-66.159L-65.516-66.608L-64.653-66.608L-64.653-71.198L-65.516-71.198L-65.516-71.647L-61.930-71.647Q-61.282-71.647-60.735-71.460Q-60.188-71.272-59.787-70.913Q-59.387-70.554-59.162-70.034Q-58.938-69.514-58.938-68.854Q-58.938-68.206-59.164-67.704Q-59.391-67.202-59.805-66.854Q-60.219-66.507-60.760-66.333Q-61.301-66.159-61.930-66.159M-63.477-71.198L-63.477-66.608L-62.258-66.608Q-61.481-66.608-61.032-66.858Q-60.582-67.108-60.393-67.595Q-60.204-68.081-60.204-68.854Q-60.204-69.468-60.280-69.878Q-60.356-70.288-60.633-70.600Q-60.911-70.913-61.338-71.055Q-61.766-71.198-62.258-71.198L-63.477-71.198M-58.121-67.893Q-58.121-68.358-57.952-68.718Q-57.782-69.077-57.479-69.319Q-57.176-69.561-56.784-69.680Q-56.391-69.800-55.946-69.800Q-55.500-69.800-55.110-69.682Q-54.719-69.565-54.412-69.321Q-54.106-69.077-53.938-68.718Q-53.770-68.358-53.770-67.893Q-53.770-67.444-53.948-67.106Q-54.125-66.768-54.438-66.544Q-54.750-66.319-55.135-66.212Q-55.520-66.104-55.946-66.104Q-56.368-66.104-56.756-66.212Q-57.145-66.319-57.455-66.544Q-57.766-66.768-57.944-67.108Q-58.121-67.448-58.121-67.893M-55.946-66.511Q-55.465-66.511-55.233-66.702Q-55-66.893-54.942-67.196Q-54.883-67.499-54.883-68.007Q-54.883-68.737-55.077-69.085Q-55.270-69.432-55.946-69.432Q-56.301-69.432-56.518-69.329Q-56.735-69.225-56.840-69.038Q-56.946-68.850-56.979-68.610Q-57.012-68.370-57.012-68.007Q-57.012-67.499-56.952-67.194Q-56.891-66.889-56.657-66.700Q-56.422-66.511-55.946-66.511M-51.004-66.159L-53.067-66.159L-53.067-66.608L-52.539-66.608L-52.539-69.030Q-52.539-69.182-52.686-69.220Q-52.832-69.257-53.067-69.257L-53.067-69.702L-51.637-69.768L-51.637-68.975Q-51.489-69.222-51.254-69.401Q-51.020-69.581-50.743-69.675Q-50.465-69.768-50.172-69.768Q-49.676-69.768-49.330-69.612Q-48.985-69.456-48.868-69.046Q-48.637-69.389-48.260-69.579Q-47.883-69.768-47.454-69.768Q-47.012-69.768-46.715-69.661Q-46.418-69.554-46.256-69.294Q-46.094-69.034-46.094-68.600L-46.094-66.608L-45.563-66.608L-45.563-66.159L-47.629-66.159L-47.629-66.608L-47.102-66.608L-47.102-68.573Q-47.102-68.948-47.176-69.173Q-47.250-69.397-47.547-69.397Q-48.059-69.397-48.436-69.061Q-48.813-68.725-48.813-68.222L-48.813-66.608L-48.286-66.608L-48.286-66.159L-50.348-66.159L-50.348-66.608L-49.821-66.608L-49.821-68.573Q-49.821-68.948-49.899-69.173Q-49.977-69.397-50.270-69.397Q-50.782-69.397-51.157-69.063Q-51.532-68.729-51.532-68.222L-51.532-66.608L-51.004-66.608L-51.004-66.159M-42.926-66.159L-44.883-66.159L-44.883-66.608L-44.356-66.608L-44.356-69.030Q-44.356-69.182-44.493-69.220Q-44.629-69.257-44.860-69.257L-44.860-69.702L-43.395-69.768L-43.395-66.608L-42.926-66.608L-42.926-66.159M-44.637-71.061Q-44.637-71.339-44.444-71.528Q-44.250-71.718-43.981-71.718Q-43.801-71.718-43.651-71.628Q-43.500-71.538-43.412-71.391Q-43.325-71.245-43.325-71.061Q-43.325-70.792-43.518-70.598Q-43.711-70.405-43.981-70.405Q-44.254-70.405-44.446-70.597Q-44.637-70.788-44.637-71.061M-40.125-66.159L-42.188-66.159L-42.188-66.608L-41.661-66.608L-41.661-69.030Q-41.661-69.182-41.807-69.220Q-41.954-69.257-42.188-69.257L-42.188-69.702L-40.758-69.768L-40.758-68.975Q-40.610-69.222-40.375-69.401Q-40.141-69.581-39.864-69.675Q-39.586-69.768-39.293-69.768Q-38.852-69.768-38.555-69.661Q-38.258-69.554-38.096-69.294Q-37.934-69.034-37.934-68.600L-37.934-66.608L-37.407-66.608L-37.407-66.159L-39.469-66.159L-39.469-66.608L-38.942-66.608L-38.942-68.573Q-38.942-68.948-39.020-69.173Q-39.098-69.397-39.391-69.397Q-39.903-69.397-40.278-69.063Q-40.653-68.729-40.653-68.222L-40.653-66.608L-40.125-66.608L-40.125-66.159M-36.907-67.089Q-36.907-67.460-36.612-67.712Q-36.317-67.964-35.866-68.095Q-35.414-68.225-34.979-68.272Q-34.543-68.319-34.157-68.319L-34.157-68.573Q-34.157-68.972-34.387-69.202Q-34.618-69.432-35.012-69.432Q-35.438-69.432-35.645-69.382Q-35.485-69.237-35.485-68.983Q-35.485-68.749-35.643-68.591Q-35.801-68.432-36.036-68.432Q-36.278-68.432-36.436-68.591Q-36.594-68.749-36.594-68.983Q-36.594-69.495-36.129-69.647Q-35.664-69.800-35.012-69.800Q-34.590-69.800-34.161-69.684Q-33.731-69.569-33.440-69.298Q-33.149-69.026-33.149-68.593L-33.149-66.733Q-33.118-66.608-32.579-66.608Q-32.520-66.608-32.473-66.561Q-32.426-66.514-32.426-66.456L-32.426-66.319Q-32.426-66.253-32.473-66.206Q-32.520-66.159-32.579-66.159L-33.125-66.159Q-34.004-66.159-34.004-66.663Q-34.192-66.386-34.537-66.245Q-34.883-66.104-35.250-66.104Q-35.625-66.104-36.006-66.188Q-36.387-66.272-36.647-66.495Q-36.907-66.718-36.907-67.089M-35.899-67.089Q-35.899-66.901-35.787-66.761Q-35.676-66.620-35.500-66.546Q-35.325-66.472-35.141-66.472Q-34.911-66.472-34.682-66.552Q-34.454-66.632-34.305-66.792Q-34.157-66.952-34.157-67.190L-34.157-67.983Q-34.493-67.983-34.895-67.899Q-35.297-67.815-35.598-67.614Q-35.899-67.413-35.899-67.089M-29.922-66.159L-31.985-66.159L-31.985-66.608L-31.457-66.608L-31.457-69.030Q-31.457-69.182-31.604-69.220Q-31.750-69.257-31.985-69.257L-31.985-69.702L-30.555-69.768L-30.555-68.975Q-30.407-69.222-30.172-69.401Q-29.938-69.581-29.661-69.675Q-29.383-69.768-29.090-69.768Q-28.649-69.768-28.352-69.661Q-28.055-69.554-27.893-69.294Q-27.731-69.034-27.731-68.600L-27.731-66.608L-27.204-66.608L-27.204-66.159L-29.266-66.159L-29.266-66.608L-28.739-66.608L-28.739-68.573Q-28.739-68.948-28.817-69.173Q-28.895-69.397-29.188-69.397Q-29.700-69.397-30.075-69.063Q-30.450-68.729-30.450-68.222L-30.450-66.608L-29.922-66.608L-29.922-66.159M-26.649-67.936Q-26.649-68.382-26.483-68.731Q-26.317-69.081-26.020-69.321Q-25.723-69.561-25.344-69.680Q-24.965-69.800-24.528-69.800Q-23.934-69.800-23.475-69.634Q-23.016-69.468-23.016-68.983Q-23.016-68.749-23.174-68.591Q-23.332-68.432-23.571-68.432Q-23.805-68.432-23.967-68.595Q-24.129-68.757-24.129-68.983Q-24.129-69.218-23.993-69.358Q-24.215-69.389-24.528-69.389Q-24.938-69.389-25.159-69.186Q-25.379-68.983-25.457-68.665Q-25.536-68.347-25.536-67.944Q-25.536-67.288-25.256-66.899Q-24.977-66.511-24.336-66.511Q-23.614-66.511-23.368-67.143Q-23.336-67.222-23.258-67.222L-23.032-67.222Q-22.907-67.194-22.907-67.089L-22.907-67.046Q-23.036-66.710-23.276-66.501Q-23.516-66.292-23.838-66.198Q-24.161-66.104-24.528-66.104Q-25.106-66.104-25.588-66.313Q-26.071-66.522-26.360-66.936Q-26.649-67.350-26.649-67.936M-22.352-67.960Q-22.352-68.538-22.069-68.958Q-21.786-69.378-21.301-69.589Q-20.817-69.800-20.250-69.800Q-19.809-69.800-19.473-69.688Q-19.137-69.577-18.903-69.356Q-18.668-69.136-18.543-68.805Q-18.418-68.475-18.418-68.038Q-18.418-67.882-18.571-67.854L-21.243-67.854Q-21.243-66.511-19.985-66.511Q-19.633-66.511-19.327-66.667Q-19.020-66.823-18.899-67.120Q-18.825-67.249-18.739-67.249L-18.571-67.249Q-18.418-67.214-18.418-67.081Q-18.418-67.046-18.426-67.030Q-18.610-66.554-19.075-66.329Q-19.539-66.104-20.114-66.104Q-20.711-66.104-21.221-66.307Q-21.731-66.511-22.041-66.932Q-22.352-67.354-22.352-67.960M-21.243-68.198L-19.235-68.198Q-19.235-68.737-19.483-69.085Q-19.731-69.432-20.250-69.432Q-20.594-69.432-20.819-69.266Q-21.043-69.100-21.143-68.823Q-21.243-68.546-21.243-68.198\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr8\" font-size=\"8\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(3.533 19.754)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-63.852-66.190L-65.075-69.046Q-65.157-69.222-65.301-69.266Q-65.446-69.311-65.715-69.311L-65.715-69.608L-64.004-69.608L-64.004-69.311Q-64.426-69.311-64.426-69.128Q-64.426-69.093-64.411-69.046L-63.465-66.854L-62.625-68.831Q-62.586-68.909-62.586-68.999Q-62.586-69.139-62.692-69.225Q-62.797-69.311-62.938-69.311L-62.938-69.608L-61.586-69.608L-61.586-69.311Q-62.110-69.311-62.325-68.831L-63.450-66.190Q-63.512-66.081-63.618-66.081L-63.684-66.081Q-63.797-66.081-63.852-66.190\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(3.533 19.754)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-61.541-66.991Q-61.541-67.475-61.139-67.770Q-60.736-68.065-60.186-68.184Q-59.635-68.304-59.143-68.304L-59.143-68.593Q-59.143-68.819-59.258-69.026Q-59.373-69.233-59.570-69.352Q-59.768-69.472-59.998-69.472Q-60.424-69.472-60.709-69.366Q-60.639-69.339-60.592-69.284Q-60.545-69.229-60.520-69.159Q-60.494-69.089-60.494-69.014Q-60.494-68.909-60.545-68.817Q-60.596-68.725-60.688-68.675Q-60.779-68.624-60.885-68.624Q-60.990-68.624-61.082-68.675Q-61.174-68.725-61.225-68.817Q-61.275-68.909-61.275-69.014Q-61.275-69.432-60.887-69.579Q-60.498-69.725-59.998-69.725Q-59.666-69.725-59.313-69.595Q-58.959-69.464-58.731-69.210Q-58.502-68.956-58.502-68.608L-58.502-66.807Q-58.502-66.675-58.430-66.565Q-58.357-66.456-58.229-66.456Q-58.104-66.456-58.035-66.561Q-57.967-66.667-57.967-66.807L-57.967-67.319L-57.686-67.319L-57.686-66.807Q-57.686-66.604-57.803-66.446Q-57.920-66.288-58.102-66.204Q-58.283-66.120-58.486-66.120Q-58.717-66.120-58.869-66.292Q-59.022-66.464-59.053-66.694Q-59.213-66.413-59.522-66.247Q-59.830-66.081-60.182-66.081Q-60.693-66.081-61.117-66.304Q-61.541-66.526-61.541-66.991M-60.854-66.991Q-60.854-66.706-60.627-66.520Q-60.400-66.335-60.107-66.335Q-59.861-66.335-59.637-66.452Q-59.412-66.569-59.277-66.772Q-59.143-66.975-59.143-67.229L-59.143-68.061Q-59.408-68.061-59.693-68.007Q-59.979-67.952-60.250-67.823Q-60.522-67.694-60.688-67.487Q-60.854-67.280-60.854-66.991M-57.350-67.886Q-57.350-68.382-57.100-68.807Q-56.850-69.233-56.430-69.479Q-56.010-69.725-55.510-69.725Q-54.971-69.725-54.580-69.600Q-54.190-69.475-54.190-69.061Q-54.190-68.956-54.240-68.864Q-54.291-68.772-54.383-68.722Q-54.475-68.671-54.584-68.671Q-54.690-68.671-54.781-68.722Q-54.873-68.772-54.924-68.864Q-54.975-68.956-54.975-69.061Q-54.975-69.284-54.807-69.389Q-55.029-69.448-55.502-69.448Q-55.799-69.448-56.014-69.309Q-56.229-69.171-56.359-68.940Q-56.490-68.710-56.549-68.440Q-56.607-68.171-56.607-67.886Q-56.607-67.491-56.475-67.141Q-56.342-66.792-56.070-66.575Q-55.799-66.358-55.400-66.358Q-55.025-66.358-54.750-66.575Q-54.475-66.792-54.373-67.151Q-54.357-67.214-54.295-67.214L-54.190-67.214Q-54.154-67.214-54.129-67.186Q-54.104-67.159-54.104-67.120L-54.104-67.097Q-54.236-66.616-54.621-66.348Q-55.006-66.081-55.510-66.081Q-55.873-66.081-56.207-66.218Q-56.541-66.354-56.801-66.604Q-57.061-66.854-57.205-67.190Q-57.350-67.526-57.350-67.886M-53.518-66.991Q-53.518-67.475-53.115-67.770Q-52.713-68.065-52.162-68.184Q-51.611-68.304-51.119-68.304L-51.119-68.593Q-51.119-68.819-51.234-69.026Q-51.350-69.233-51.547-69.352Q-51.744-69.472-51.975-69.472Q-52.400-69.472-52.686-69.366Q-52.615-69.339-52.568-69.284Q-52.522-69.229-52.496-69.159Q-52.471-69.089-52.471-69.014Q-52.471-68.909-52.522-68.817Q-52.572-68.725-52.664-68.675Q-52.756-68.624-52.861-68.624Q-52.967-68.624-53.059-68.675Q-53.150-68.725-53.201-68.817Q-53.252-68.909-53.252-69.014Q-53.252-69.432-52.863-69.579Q-52.475-69.725-51.975-69.725Q-51.643-69.725-51.289-69.595Q-50.936-69.464-50.707-69.210Q-50.479-68.956-50.479-68.608L-50.479-66.807Q-50.479-66.675-50.406-66.565Q-50.334-66.456-50.205-66.456Q-50.080-66.456-50.012-66.561Q-49.943-66.667-49.943-66.807L-49.943-67.319L-49.662-67.319L-49.662-66.807Q-49.662-66.604-49.779-66.446Q-49.897-66.288-50.078-66.204Q-50.260-66.120-50.463-66.120Q-50.693-66.120-50.846-66.292Q-50.998-66.464-51.029-66.694Q-51.190-66.413-51.498-66.247Q-51.807-66.081-52.158-66.081Q-52.670-66.081-53.094-66.304Q-53.518-66.526-53.518-66.991M-52.830-66.991Q-52.830-66.706-52.604-66.520Q-52.377-66.335-52.084-66.335Q-51.838-66.335-51.613-66.452Q-51.389-66.569-51.254-66.772Q-51.119-66.975-51.119-67.229L-51.119-68.061Q-51.385-68.061-51.670-68.007Q-51.955-67.952-52.227-67.823Q-52.498-67.694-52.664-67.487Q-52.830-67.280-52.830-66.991M-48.744-67.120L-48.744-69.311L-49.447-69.311L-49.447-69.565Q-49.092-69.565-48.850-69.798Q-48.607-70.030-48.496-70.378Q-48.385-70.725-48.385-71.081L-48.104-71.081L-48.104-69.608L-46.928-69.608L-46.928-69.311L-48.104-69.311L-48.104-67.136Q-48.104-66.815-47.984-66.587Q-47.865-66.358-47.584-66.358Q-47.404-66.358-47.287-66.481Q-47.170-66.604-47.117-66.784Q-47.065-66.964-47.065-67.136L-47.065-67.608L-46.783-67.608L-46.783-67.120Q-46.783-66.866-46.889-66.626Q-46.994-66.386-47.191-66.233Q-47.389-66.081-47.647-66.081Q-47.963-66.081-48.215-66.204Q-48.467-66.327-48.606-66.561Q-48.744-66.796-48.744-67.120M-44.205-66.159L-45.982-66.159L-45.982-66.456Q-45.709-66.456-45.541-66.503Q-45.373-66.550-45.373-66.718L-45.373-68.854Q-45.373-69.069-45.430-69.165Q-45.486-69.261-45.600-69.282Q-45.713-69.304-45.959-69.304L-45.959-69.600L-44.760-69.686L-44.760-66.718Q-44.760-66.550-44.613-66.503Q-44.467-66.456-44.205-66.456L-44.205-66.159M-45.647-71.081Q-45.647-71.272-45.512-71.403Q-45.377-71.534-45.182-71.534Q-45.061-71.534-44.957-71.472Q-44.854-71.409-44.791-71.305Q-44.729-71.202-44.729-71.081Q-44.729-70.886-44.859-70.751Q-44.990-70.616-45.182-70.616Q-45.381-70.616-45.514-70.749Q-45.647-70.882-45.647-71.081M-43.705-67.854Q-43.705-68.358-43.449-68.790Q-43.193-69.222-42.758-69.473Q-42.322-69.725-41.822-69.725Q-41.436-69.725-41.094-69.581Q-40.752-69.436-40.490-69.175Q-40.229-68.913-40.086-68.577Q-39.943-68.241-39.943-67.854Q-39.943-67.362-40.207-66.952Q-40.471-66.542-40.900-66.311Q-41.330-66.081-41.822-66.081Q-42.315-66.081-42.748-66.313Q-43.182-66.546-43.443-66.954Q-43.705-67.362-43.705-67.854M-41.822-66.358Q-41.365-66.358-41.113-66.581Q-40.861-66.804-40.773-67.155Q-40.686-67.507-40.686-67.952Q-40.686-68.382-40.779-68.720Q-40.873-69.057-41.127-69.264Q-41.381-69.472-41.822-69.472Q-42.471-69.472-42.715-69.055Q-42.959-68.639-42.959-67.952Q-42.959-67.507-42.871-67.155Q-42.783-66.804-42.531-66.581Q-42.279-66.358-41.822-66.358M-37.529-66.159L-39.385-66.159L-39.385-66.456Q-39.111-66.456-38.943-66.503Q-38.775-66.550-38.775-66.718L-38.775-68.854Q-38.775-69.069-38.838-69.165Q-38.900-69.261-39.020-69.282Q-39.139-69.304-39.385-69.304L-39.385-69.600L-38.193-69.686L-38.193-68.952Q-38.080-69.167-37.887-69.335Q-37.693-69.503-37.455-69.595Q-37.217-69.686-36.963-69.686Q-35.795-69.686-35.795-68.608L-35.795-66.718Q-35.795-66.550-35.625-66.503Q-35.455-66.456-35.186-66.456L-35.186-66.159L-37.041-66.159L-37.041-66.456Q-36.768-66.456-36.600-66.503Q-36.432-66.550-36.432-66.718L-36.432-68.593Q-36.432-68.975-36.553-69.204Q-36.674-69.432-37.025-69.432Q-37.338-69.432-37.592-69.270Q-37.846-69.108-37.992-68.839Q-38.139-68.569-38.139-68.272L-38.139-66.718Q-38.139-66.550-37.969-66.503Q-37.799-66.456-37.529-66.456\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(48.22 19.65)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-65.172-66.624Q-65.172-66.807-65.036-66.944Q-64.899-67.081-64.707-67.081Q-64.516-67.081-64.383-66.948Q-64.250-66.815-64.250-66.624Q-64.250-66.425-64.383-66.292Q-64.516-66.159-64.707-66.159Q-64.899-66.159-65.036-66.296Q-65.172-66.432-65.172-66.624M-63.180-67.382Q-63.180-67.878-62.854-68.243Q-62.528-68.608-62.004-68.854L-62.274-69.014Q-62.571-69.198-62.754-69.493Q-62.938-69.788-62.938-70.128Q-62.938-70.522-62.719-70.833Q-62.500-71.143-62.147-71.311Q-61.793-71.479-61.411-71.479Q-61.137-71.479-60.864-71.401Q-60.590-71.323-60.373-71.175Q-60.157-71.026-60.020-70.800Q-59.883-70.573-59.883-70.280Q-59.883-69.874-60.153-69.567Q-60.422-69.261-60.844-69.046L-60.395-68.776Q-60.176-68.639-60.008-68.446Q-59.840-68.253-59.743-68.014Q-59.645-67.776-59.645-67.518Q-59.645-67.179-59.795-66.891Q-59.946-66.604-60.192-66.407Q-60.438-66.210-60.762-66.100Q-61.086-65.991-61.411-65.991Q-61.840-65.991-62.246-66.153Q-62.653-66.315-62.916-66.634Q-63.180-66.952-63.180-67.382M-62.692-67.382Q-62.692-66.897-62.301-66.581Q-61.911-66.264-61.411-66.264Q-61.118-66.264-60.819-66.376Q-60.520-66.487-60.327-66.706Q-60.133-66.925-60.133-67.237Q-60.133-67.468-60.274-67.679Q-60.414-67.889-60.621-68.007L-61.731-68.686Q-62.149-68.483-62.420-68.147Q-62.692-67.811-62.692-67.382M-62.106-69.815L-61.118-69.214Q-60.770-69.397-60.543-69.667Q-60.317-69.936-60.317-70.280Q-60.317-70.499-60.409-70.675Q-60.500-70.850-60.655-70.973Q-60.809-71.097-61.010-71.167Q-61.211-71.237-61.411-71.237Q-61.817-71.237-62.162-71.026Q-62.508-70.815-62.508-70.432Q-62.508-70.249-62.397-70.087Q-62.286-69.925-62.106-69.815M-56.805-67.472L-59.047-67.472L-59.047-67.768L-56.477-71.425Q-56.438-71.479-56.375-71.479L-56.231-71.479Q-56.180-71.479-56.149-71.448Q-56.118-71.417-56.118-71.366L-56.118-67.768L-55.286-67.768L-55.286-67.472L-56.118-67.472L-56.118-66.718Q-56.118-66.456-55.293-66.456L-55.293-66.159L-57.629-66.159L-57.629-66.456Q-56.805-66.456-56.805-66.718L-56.805-67.472M-56.750-70.573L-58.719-67.768L-56.750-67.768L-56.750-70.573M-52.918-65.991Q-53.621-65.991-54.022-66.391Q-54.422-66.792-54.567-67.401Q-54.711-68.011-54.711-68.710Q-54.711-69.233-54.641-69.696Q-54.571-70.159-54.377-70.571Q-54.184-70.983-53.827-71.231Q-53.469-71.479-52.918-71.479Q-52.368-71.479-52.010-71.231Q-51.653-70.983-51.461-70.573Q-51.270-70.163-51.200-69.694Q-51.129-69.225-51.129-68.710Q-51.129-68.011-51.272-67.403Q-51.414-66.796-51.815-66.393Q-52.215-65.991-52.918-65.991M-52.918-66.249Q-52.446-66.249-52.213-66.684Q-51.981-67.120-51.926-67.659Q-51.871-68.198-51.871-68.839Q-51.871-69.835-52.055-70.528Q-52.239-71.222-52.918-71.222Q-53.286-71.222-53.506-70.983Q-53.727-70.745-53.823-70.388Q-53.918-70.030-53.944-69.659Q-53.969-69.288-53.969-68.839Q-53.969-68.198-53.914-67.659Q-53.860-67.120-53.627-66.684Q-53.395-66.249-52.918-66.249\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(77.51 19.072)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-65.653-67.913Q-65.653-68.393-65.420-68.809Q-65.188-69.225-64.778-69.475Q-64.368-69.725-63.891-69.725Q-63.161-69.725-62.762-69.284Q-62.364-68.843-62.364-68.112Q-62.364-68.007-62.457-67.983L-64.907-67.983L-64.907-67.913Q-64.907-67.503-64.786-67.147Q-64.664-66.792-64.393-66.575Q-64.121-66.358-63.692-66.358Q-63.329-66.358-63.032-66.587Q-62.735-66.815-62.633-67.167Q-62.625-67.214-62.539-67.229L-62.457-67.229Q-62.364-67.202-62.364-67.120Q-62.364-67.112-62.371-67.081Q-62.434-66.854-62.573-66.671Q-62.711-66.487-62.903-66.354Q-63.094-66.222-63.313-66.151Q-63.532-66.081-63.770-66.081Q-64.141-66.081-64.479-66.218Q-64.817-66.354-65.084-66.606Q-65.352-66.858-65.502-67.198Q-65.653-67.538-65.653-67.913M-64.899-68.222L-62.938-68.222Q-62.938-68.526-63.039-68.817Q-63.141-69.108-63.358-69.290Q-63.575-69.472-63.891-69.472Q-64.192-69.472-64.422-69.284Q-64.653-69.097-64.776-68.805Q-64.899-68.514-64.899-68.222M-59.946-66.159L-61.801-66.159L-61.801-66.456Q-61.528-66.456-61.360-66.503Q-61.192-66.550-61.192-66.718L-61.192-68.854Q-61.192-69.069-61.254-69.165Q-61.317-69.261-61.436-69.282Q-61.555-69.304-61.801-69.304L-61.801-69.600L-60.610-69.686L-60.610-68.952Q-60.496-69.167-60.303-69.335Q-60.110-69.503-59.871-69.595Q-59.633-69.686-59.379-69.686Q-58.211-69.686-58.211-68.608L-58.211-66.718Q-58.211-66.550-58.041-66.503Q-57.871-66.456-57.602-66.456L-57.602-66.159L-59.457-66.159L-59.457-66.456Q-59.184-66.456-59.016-66.503Q-58.848-66.550-58.848-66.718L-58.848-68.593Q-58.848-68.975-58.969-69.204Q-59.090-69.432-59.442-69.432Q-59.754-69.432-60.008-69.270Q-60.262-69.108-60.409-68.839Q-60.555-68.569-60.555-68.272L-60.555-66.718Q-60.555-66.550-60.385-66.503Q-60.215-66.456-59.946-66.456L-59.946-66.159M-55.149-66.159L-57.129-66.159L-57.129-66.456Q-56.860-66.456-56.692-66.501Q-56.524-66.546-56.524-66.718L-56.524-68.854Q-56.524-69.069-56.586-69.165Q-56.649-69.261-56.766-69.282Q-56.883-69.304-57.129-69.304L-57.129-69.600L-55.961-69.686L-55.961-68.901Q-55.883-69.112-55.731-69.298Q-55.579-69.483-55.379-69.585Q-55.180-69.686-54.954-69.686Q-54.707-69.686-54.516-69.542Q-54.325-69.397-54.325-69.167Q-54.325-69.011-54.430-68.901Q-54.536-68.792-54.692-68.792Q-54.848-68.792-54.957-68.901Q-55.067-69.011-55.067-69.167Q-55.067-69.327-54.961-69.432Q-55.286-69.432-55.500-69.204Q-55.715-68.975-55.811-68.636Q-55.907-68.296-55.907-67.991L-55.907-66.718Q-55.907-66.550-55.680-66.503Q-55.454-66.456-55.149-66.456L-55.149-66.159M-53.746-66.991Q-53.746-67.475-53.344-67.770Q-52.942-68.065-52.391-68.184Q-51.840-68.304-51.348-68.304L-51.348-68.593Q-51.348-68.819-51.463-69.026Q-51.579-69.233-51.776-69.352Q-51.973-69.472-52.204-69.472Q-52.629-69.472-52.914-69.366Q-52.844-69.339-52.797-69.284Q-52.750-69.229-52.725-69.159Q-52.700-69.089-52.700-69.014Q-52.700-68.909-52.750-68.817Q-52.801-68.725-52.893-68.675Q-52.985-68.624-53.090-68.624Q-53.196-68.624-53.287-68.675Q-53.379-68.725-53.430-68.817Q-53.481-68.909-53.481-69.014Q-53.481-69.432-53.092-69.579Q-52.704-69.725-52.204-69.725Q-51.871-69.725-51.518-69.595Q-51.164-69.464-50.936-69.210Q-50.707-68.956-50.707-68.608L-50.707-66.807Q-50.707-66.675-50.635-66.565Q-50.563-66.456-50.434-66.456Q-50.309-66.456-50.241-66.561Q-50.172-66.667-50.172-66.807L-50.172-67.319L-49.891-67.319L-49.891-66.807Q-49.891-66.604-50.008-66.446Q-50.125-66.288-50.307-66.204Q-50.489-66.120-50.692-66.120Q-50.922-66.120-51.075-66.292Q-51.227-66.464-51.258-66.694Q-51.418-66.413-51.727-66.247Q-52.036-66.081-52.387-66.081Q-52.899-66.081-53.323-66.304Q-53.746-66.526-53.746-66.991M-53.059-66.991Q-53.059-66.706-52.832-66.520Q-52.606-66.335-52.313-66.335Q-52.067-66.335-51.842-66.452Q-51.618-66.569-51.483-66.772Q-51.348-66.975-51.348-67.229L-51.348-68.061Q-51.614-68.061-51.899-68.007Q-52.184-67.952-52.455-67.823Q-52.727-67.694-52.893-67.487Q-53.059-67.280-53.059-66.991M-49.598-65.550Q-49.598-65.831-49.387-66.042Q-49.176-66.253-48.891-66.343Q-49.047-66.468-49.125-66.657Q-49.204-66.847-49.204-67.046Q-49.204-67.401-48.973-67.694Q-49.340-68.034-49.340-68.503Q-49.340-68.854-49.137-69.124Q-48.934-69.393-48.614-69.540Q-48.293-69.686-47.950-69.686Q-47.430-69.686-47.059-69.405Q-46.696-69.776-46.149-69.776Q-45.969-69.776-45.842-69.649Q-45.715-69.522-45.715-69.343Q-45.715-69.237-45.793-69.159Q-45.871-69.081-45.981-69.081Q-46.090-69.081-46.166-69.157Q-46.243-69.233-46.243-69.343Q-46.243-69.444-46.204-69.495Q-46.196-69.503-46.192-69.509Q-46.188-69.514-46.188-69.518Q-46.563-69.518-46.883-69.264Q-46.563-68.925-46.563-68.503Q-46.563-68.233-46.680-68.016Q-46.797-67.800-47.002-67.641Q-47.207-67.483-47.450-67.401Q-47.692-67.319-47.950-67.319Q-48.168-67.319-48.381-67.378Q-48.594-67.436-48.789-67.557Q-48.883-67.417-48.883-67.237Q-48.883-67.030-48.746-66.878Q-48.610-66.725-48.403-66.725L-47.707-66.725Q-47.219-66.725-46.807-66.641Q-46.395-66.557-46.116-66.300Q-45.836-66.042-45.836-65.550Q-45.836-65.186-46.157-64.954Q-46.477-64.722-46.918-64.620Q-47.360-64.518-47.715-64.518Q-48.071-64.518-48.514-64.620Q-48.957-64.722-49.278-64.954Q-49.598-65.186-49.598-65.550M-49.094-65.550Q-49.094-65.354-48.950-65.206Q-48.805-65.057-48.592-64.968Q-48.379-64.878-48.139-64.831Q-47.899-64.784-47.715-64.784Q-47.473-64.784-47.143-64.862Q-46.813-64.940-46.577-65.114Q-46.340-65.288-46.340-65.550Q-46.340-65.956-46.750-66.065Q-47.161-66.175-47.723-66.175L-48.403-66.175Q-48.672-66.175-48.883-65.997Q-49.094-65.819-49.094-65.550M-47.950-67.585Q-47.227-67.585-47.227-68.503Q-47.227-69.425-47.950-69.425Q-48.676-69.425-48.676-68.503Q-48.676-67.585-47.950-67.585M-45.352-67.913Q-45.352-68.393-45.120-68.809Q-44.887-69.225-44.477-69.475Q-44.067-69.725-43.590-69.725Q-42.860-69.725-42.461-69.284Q-42.063-68.843-42.063-68.112Q-42.063-68.007-42.157-67.983L-44.606-67.983L-44.606-67.913Q-44.606-67.503-44.485-67.147Q-44.364-66.792-44.092-66.575Q-43.821-66.358-43.391-66.358Q-43.028-66.358-42.731-66.587Q-42.434-66.815-42.332-67.167Q-42.325-67.214-42.239-67.229L-42.157-67.229Q-42.063-67.202-42.063-67.120Q-42.063-67.112-42.071-67.081Q-42.133-66.854-42.272-66.671Q-42.411-66.487-42.602-66.354Q-42.793-66.222-43.012-66.151Q-43.231-66.081-43.469-66.081Q-43.840-66.081-44.178-66.218Q-44.516-66.354-44.784-66.606Q-45.051-66.858-45.202-67.198Q-45.352-67.538-45.352-67.913M-44.598-68.222L-42.637-68.222Q-42.637-68.526-42.739-68.817Q-42.840-69.108-43.057-69.290Q-43.274-69.472-43.590-69.472Q-43.891-69.472-44.121-69.284Q-44.352-69.097-44.475-68.805Q-44.598-68.514-44.598-68.222M-39.758-66.081Q-40.239-66.081-40.647-66.325Q-41.055-66.569-41.293-66.983Q-41.532-67.397-41.532-67.886Q-41.532-68.378-41.274-68.794Q-41.016-69.210-40.584-69.448Q-40.153-69.686-39.661-69.686Q-39.039-69.686-38.590-69.249L-38.590-70.878Q-38.590-71.093-38.653-71.188Q-38.715-71.284-38.832-71.305Q-38.950-71.327-39.196-71.327L-39.196-71.624L-37.973-71.710L-37.973-66.901Q-37.973-66.690-37.911-66.595Q-37.848-66.499-37.731-66.477Q-37.614-66.456-37.364-66.456L-37.364-66.159L-38.614-66.081L-38.614-66.565Q-39.079-66.081-39.758-66.081M-39.692-66.335Q-39.352-66.335-39.059-66.526Q-38.766-66.718-38.614-67.014L-38.614-68.847Q-38.762-69.120-39.024-69.276Q-39.286-69.432-39.598-69.432Q-40.223-69.432-40.506-68.985Q-40.789-68.538-40.789-67.878Q-40.789-67.233-40.537-66.784Q-40.286-66.335-39.692-66.335\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(122.197 19.65)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-65.172-66.624Q-65.172-66.807-65.036-66.944Q-64.899-67.081-64.707-67.081Q-64.516-67.081-64.383-66.948Q-64.250-66.815-64.250-66.624Q-64.250-66.425-64.383-66.292Q-64.516-66.159-64.707-66.159Q-64.899-66.159-65.036-66.296Q-65.172-66.432-65.172-66.624M-62.539-66.503Q-62.309-66.264-61.762-66.264Q-61.508-66.264-61.286-66.388Q-61.063-66.511-60.893-66.727Q-60.723-66.944-60.629-67.175Q-60.504-67.487-60.465-67.827Q-60.426-68.167-60.426-68.616Q-60.594-68.284-60.877-68.089Q-61.161-67.893-61.500-67.893Q-61.864-67.893-62.176-68.038Q-62.489-68.182-62.711-68.434Q-62.934-68.686-63.057-69.013Q-63.180-69.339-63.180-69.694Q-63.180-70.190-62.938-70.600Q-62.696-71.011-62.278-71.245Q-61.860-71.479-61.364-71.479Q-60.407-71.479-60.026-70.649Q-59.645-69.819-59.645-68.745Q-59.645-68.112-59.895-67.468Q-60.145-66.823-60.627-66.407Q-61.110-65.991-61.762-65.991Q-62.266-65.991-62.616-66.208Q-62.965-66.425-62.965-66.893Q-62.965-67.061-62.852-67.175Q-62.739-67.288-62.571-67.288Q-62.465-67.288-62.373-67.237Q-62.282-67.186-62.231-67.095Q-62.180-67.003-62.180-66.893Q-62.180-66.745-62.282-66.624Q-62.383-66.503-62.539-66.503M-61.461-68.151Q-61.129-68.151-60.897-68.362Q-60.664-68.573-60.553-68.895Q-60.442-69.218-60.442-69.534Q-60.442-69.632-60.454-69.686Q-60.450-69.694-60.446-69.706Q-60.442-69.718-60.442-69.725Q-60.442-69.968-60.485-70.231Q-60.528-70.495-60.629-70.723Q-60.731-70.952-60.912-71.095Q-61.094-71.237-61.364-71.237Q-61.797-71.237-62.024-71.016Q-62.250-70.796-62.323-70.464Q-62.395-70.132-62.395-69.694Q-62.395-69.249-62.338-68.927Q-62.282-68.604-62.077-68.378Q-61.871-68.151-61.461-68.151M-57.164-65.991Q-57.836-65.991-58.233-66.415Q-58.629-66.839-58.782-67.458Q-58.934-68.077-58.934-68.745Q-58.934-69.405-58.662-70.038Q-58.391-70.671-57.877-71.075Q-57.364-71.479-56.692-71.479Q-56.403-71.479-56.155-71.380Q-55.907-71.280-55.760-71.079Q-55.614-70.878-55.614-70.573Q-55.614-70.468-55.664-70.376Q-55.715-70.284-55.807-70.233Q-55.899-70.182-56.004-70.182Q-56.172-70.182-56.286-70.296Q-56.399-70.409-56.399-70.573Q-56.399-70.733-56.289-70.850Q-56.180-70.968-56.012-70.968Q-56.211-71.237-56.692-71.237Q-57.110-71.237-57.442-70.960Q-57.774-70.682-57.950-70.264Q-58.149-69.764-58.149-68.862Q-57.985-69.186-57.705-69.386Q-57.426-69.585-57.079-69.585Q-56.594-69.585-56.209-69.339Q-55.825-69.093-55.612-68.684Q-55.399-68.276-55.399-67.792Q-55.399-67.300-55.629-66.888Q-55.860-66.475-56.270-66.233Q-56.680-65.991-57.164-65.991M-57.164-66.264Q-56.739-66.264-56.522-66.485Q-56.305-66.706-56.243-67.032Q-56.180-67.358-56.180-67.792Q-56.180-68.104-56.205-68.354Q-56.231-68.604-56.321-68.829Q-56.411-69.054-56.606-69.190Q-56.801-69.327-57.118-69.327Q-57.446-69.327-57.678-69.118Q-57.911-68.909-58.022-68.591Q-58.133-68.272-58.133-67.960Q-58.129-67.921-58.127-67.888Q-58.125-67.854-58.125-67.800Q-58.125-67.784-58.127-67.776Q-58.129-67.768-58.133-67.761Q-58.133-67.186-57.907-66.725Q-57.680-66.264-57.164-66.264M-51.454-66.159L-54.614-66.159L-54.614-66.366Q-54.614-66.393-54.590-66.425L-53.239-67.823Q-52.860-68.210-52.612-68.499Q-52.364-68.788-52.190-69.145Q-52.016-69.503-52.016-69.893Q-52.016-70.241-52.149-70.534Q-52.282-70.827-52.536-71.005Q-52.789-71.182-53.145-71.182Q-53.504-71.182-53.795-70.987Q-54.086-70.792-54.231-70.464L-54.176-70.464Q-53.993-70.464-53.868-70.343Q-53.743-70.222-53.743-70.030Q-53.743-69.850-53.868-69.722Q-53.993-69.593-54.176-69.593Q-54.356-69.593-54.485-69.722Q-54.614-69.850-54.614-70.030Q-54.614-70.432-54.393-70.768Q-54.172-71.104-53.807-71.292Q-53.442-71.479-53.039-71.479Q-52.559-71.479-52.143-71.292Q-51.727-71.104-51.475-70.743Q-51.223-70.382-51.223-69.893Q-51.223-69.534-51.377-69.231Q-51.532-68.929-51.784-68.669Q-52.036-68.409-52.385-68.124Q-52.735-67.839-52.903-67.686L-53.832-66.847L-53.118-66.847Q-51.743-66.847-51.704-66.886Q-51.633-66.964-51.590-67.149Q-51.547-67.335-51.504-67.624L-51.223-67.624\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr8\" font-size=\"8\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(151.488 19.072)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-63.770-64.608L-65.625-64.608L-65.625-64.901Q-65.356-64.901-65.188-64.946Q-65.020-64.991-65.020-65.167L-65.020-68.991Q-65.020-69.198-65.176-69.251Q-65.332-69.304-65.625-69.304L-65.625-69.600L-64.403-69.686L-64.403-69.222Q-64.172-69.444-63.858-69.565Q-63.543-69.686-63.204-69.686Q-62.731-69.686-62.327-69.440Q-61.922-69.194-61.690-68.778Q-61.457-68.362-61.457-67.886Q-61.457-67.511-61.606-67.182Q-61.754-66.854-62.024-66.602Q-62.293-66.350-62.637-66.216Q-62.981-66.081-63.340-66.081Q-63.629-66.081-63.901-66.202Q-64.172-66.323-64.379-66.534L-64.379-65.167Q-64.379-64.991-64.211-64.946Q-64.043-64.901-63.770-64.901L-63.770-64.608M-64.379-68.823L-64.379-66.983Q-64.227-66.694-63.965-66.514Q-63.704-66.335-63.395-66.335Q-63.110-66.335-62.887-66.473Q-62.664-66.612-62.512-66.843Q-62.360-67.073-62.282-67.345Q-62.204-67.616-62.204-67.886Q-62.204-68.218-62.329-68.575Q-62.454-68.932-62.702-69.169Q-62.950-69.405-63.297-69.405Q-63.621-69.405-63.916-69.249Q-64.211-69.093-64.379-68.823\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(151.488 19.072)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-60.695-67.854Q-60.695-68.358-60.439-68.790Q-60.183-69.222-59.747-69.473Q-59.312-69.725-58.812-69.725Q-58.425-69.725-58.083-69.581Q-57.742-69.436-57.480-69.175Q-57.218-68.913-57.076-68.577Q-56.933-68.241-56.933-67.854Q-56.933-67.362-57.197-66.952Q-57.460-66.542-57.890-66.311Q-58.320-66.081-58.812-66.081Q-59.304-66.081-59.738-66.313Q-60.171-66.546-60.433-66.954Q-60.695-67.362-60.695-67.854M-58.812-66.358Q-58.355-66.358-58.103-66.581Q-57.851-66.804-57.763-67.155Q-57.675-67.507-57.675-67.952Q-57.675-68.382-57.769-68.720Q-57.863-69.057-58.117-69.264Q-58.370-69.472-58.812-69.472Q-59.460-69.472-59.704-69.055Q-59.949-68.639-59.949-67.952Q-59.949-67.507-59.861-67.155Q-59.773-66.804-59.521-66.581Q-59.269-66.358-58.812-66.358\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(151.488 19.072)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-55.095-66.190L-56.165-69.046Q-56.231-69.225-56.362-69.268Q-56.493-69.311-56.751-69.311L-56.751-69.608L-55.071-69.608L-55.071-69.311Q-55.521-69.311-55.521-69.112Q-55.517-69.097-55.515-69.079Q-55.513-69.061-55.513-69.046L-54.720-66.952L-54.009-68.862Q-54.044-68.956-54.044-69.001Q-54.044-69.046-54.079-69.046Q-54.146-69.225-54.276-69.268Q-54.407-69.311-54.661-69.311L-54.661-69.608L-53.071-69.608L-53.071-69.311Q-53.521-69.311-53.521-69.112Q-53.517-69.093-53.515-69.075Q-53.513-69.057-53.513-69.046L-52.681-66.831L-51.927-68.831Q-51.903-68.889-51.903-68.960Q-51.903-69.120-52.040-69.216Q-52.177-69.311-52.345-69.311L-52.345-69.608L-50.958-69.608L-50.958-69.311Q-51.192-69.311-51.370-69.184Q-51.548-69.057-51.630-68.831L-52.614-66.190Q-52.669-66.081-52.782-66.081L-52.841-66.081Q-52.954-66.081-52.997-66.190L-53.856-68.464L-54.712-66.190Q-54.751-66.081-54.872-66.081L-54.927-66.081Q-55.040-66.081-55.095-66.190\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(151.488 19.072)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-50.778-67.913Q-50.778-68.393-50.545-68.809Q-50.313-69.225-49.903-69.475Q-49.493-69.725-49.016-69.725Q-48.286-69.725-47.887-69.284Q-47.489-68.843-47.489-68.112Q-47.489-68.007-47.582-67.983L-50.032-67.983L-50.032-67.913Q-50.032-67.503-49.911-67.147Q-49.789-66.792-49.518-66.575Q-49.246-66.358-48.817-66.358Q-48.453-66.358-48.157-66.587Q-47.860-66.815-47.758-67.167Q-47.750-67.214-47.664-67.229L-47.582-67.229Q-47.489-67.202-47.489-67.120Q-47.489-67.112-47.496-67.081Q-47.559-66.854-47.698-66.671Q-47.836-66.487-48.028-66.354Q-48.219-66.222-48.438-66.151Q-48.657-66.081-48.895-66.081Q-49.266-66.081-49.604-66.218Q-49.942-66.354-50.209-66.606Q-50.477-66.858-50.627-67.198Q-50.778-67.538-50.778-67.913M-50.024-68.222L-48.063-68.222Q-48.063-68.526-48.164-68.817Q-48.266-69.108-48.483-69.290Q-48.700-69.472-49.016-69.472Q-49.317-69.472-49.547-69.284Q-49.778-69.097-49.901-68.805Q-50.024-68.514-50.024-68.222M-44.993-66.159L-46.973-66.159L-46.973-66.456Q-46.703-66.456-46.536-66.501Q-46.368-66.546-46.368-66.718L-46.368-68.854Q-46.368-69.069-46.430-69.165Q-46.493-69.261-46.610-69.282Q-46.727-69.304-46.973-69.304L-46.973-69.600L-45.805-69.686L-45.805-68.901Q-45.727-69.112-45.575-69.298Q-45.422-69.483-45.223-69.585Q-45.024-69.686-44.797-69.686Q-44.551-69.686-44.360-69.542Q-44.168-69.397-44.168-69.167Q-44.168-69.011-44.274-68.901Q-44.379-68.792-44.536-68.792Q-44.692-68.792-44.801-68.901Q-44.911-69.011-44.911-69.167Q-44.911-69.327-44.805-69.432Q-45.129-69.432-45.344-69.204Q-45.559-68.975-45.655-68.636Q-45.750-68.296-45.750-67.991L-45.750-66.718Q-45.750-66.550-45.524-66.503Q-45.297-66.456-44.993-66.456L-44.993-66.159M-41.621-66.159L-43.606-66.159L-43.606-66.456Q-43.332-66.456-43.164-66.503Q-42.996-66.550-42.996-66.718L-42.996-69.311L-43.637-69.311L-43.637-69.608L-42.996-69.608L-42.996-70.542Q-42.996-70.807-42.879-71.044Q-42.762-71.280-42.569-71.444Q-42.375-71.608-42.127-71.700Q-41.879-71.792-41.614-71.792Q-41.328-71.792-41.104-71.634Q-40.879-71.475-40.879-71.198Q-40.879-71.042-40.985-70.932Q-41.090-70.823-41.254-70.823Q-41.411-70.823-41.520-70.932Q-41.629-71.042-41.629-71.198Q-41.629-71.405-41.469-71.511Q-41.567-71.534-41.661-71.534Q-41.891-71.534-42.063-71.378Q-42.235-71.222-42.321-70.985Q-42.407-70.749-42.407-70.526L-42.407-69.608L-41.438-69.608L-41.438-69.311L-42.383-69.311L-42.383-66.718Q-42.383-66.550-42.157-66.503Q-41.930-66.456-41.621-66.456L-41.621-66.159M-40.411-67.112L-40.411-68.854Q-40.411-69.069-40.473-69.165Q-40.536-69.261-40.655-69.282Q-40.774-69.304-41.020-69.304L-41.020-69.600L-39.774-69.686L-39.774-67.136L-39.774-67.112Q-39.774-66.800-39.719-66.638Q-39.664-66.475-39.514-66.405Q-39.364-66.335-39.043-66.335Q-38.614-66.335-38.340-66.673Q-38.067-67.011-38.067-67.456L-38.067-68.854Q-38.067-69.069-38.129-69.165Q-38.192-69.261-38.311-69.282Q-38.430-69.304-38.676-69.304L-38.676-69.600L-37.430-69.686L-37.430-66.901Q-37.430-66.690-37.368-66.595Q-37.305-66.499-37.186-66.477Q-37.067-66.456-36.821-66.456L-36.821-66.159L-38.043-66.081L-38.043-66.702Q-38.211-66.413-38.493-66.247Q-38.774-66.081-39.094-66.081Q-40.411-66.081-40.411-67.112M-34.461-66.159L-36.293-66.159L-36.293-66.456Q-36.020-66.456-35.852-66.503Q-35.684-66.550-35.684-66.718L-35.684-70.878Q-35.684-71.093-35.746-71.188Q-35.809-71.284-35.928-71.305Q-36.047-71.327-36.293-71.327L-36.293-71.624L-35.071-71.710L-35.071-66.718Q-35.071-66.550-34.903-66.503Q-34.735-66.456-34.461-66.456\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(196.174 19.65)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-65.172-66.624Q-65.172-66.807-65.036-66.944Q-64.899-67.081-64.707-67.081Q-64.516-67.081-64.383-66.948Q-64.250-66.815-64.250-66.624Q-64.250-66.425-64.383-66.292Q-64.516-66.159-64.707-66.159Q-64.899-66.159-65.036-66.296Q-65.172-66.432-65.172-66.624M-62.539-66.503Q-62.309-66.264-61.762-66.264Q-61.508-66.264-61.286-66.388Q-61.063-66.511-60.893-66.727Q-60.723-66.944-60.629-67.175Q-60.504-67.487-60.465-67.827Q-60.426-68.167-60.426-68.616Q-60.594-68.284-60.877-68.089Q-61.161-67.893-61.500-67.893Q-61.864-67.893-62.176-68.038Q-62.489-68.182-62.711-68.434Q-62.934-68.686-63.057-69.013Q-63.180-69.339-63.180-69.694Q-63.180-70.190-62.938-70.600Q-62.696-71.011-62.278-71.245Q-61.860-71.479-61.364-71.479Q-60.407-71.479-60.026-70.649Q-59.645-69.819-59.645-68.745Q-59.645-68.112-59.895-67.468Q-60.145-66.823-60.627-66.407Q-61.110-65.991-61.762-65.991Q-62.266-65.991-62.616-66.208Q-62.965-66.425-62.965-66.893Q-62.965-67.061-62.852-67.175Q-62.739-67.288-62.571-67.288Q-62.465-67.288-62.373-67.237Q-62.282-67.186-62.231-67.095Q-62.180-67.003-62.180-66.893Q-62.180-66.745-62.282-66.624Q-62.383-66.503-62.539-66.503M-61.461-68.151Q-61.129-68.151-60.897-68.362Q-60.664-68.573-60.553-68.895Q-60.442-69.218-60.442-69.534Q-60.442-69.632-60.454-69.686Q-60.450-69.694-60.446-69.706Q-60.442-69.718-60.442-69.725Q-60.442-69.968-60.485-70.231Q-60.528-70.495-60.629-70.723Q-60.731-70.952-60.912-71.095Q-61.094-71.237-61.364-71.237Q-61.797-71.237-62.024-71.016Q-62.250-70.796-62.323-70.464Q-62.395-70.132-62.395-69.694Q-62.395-69.249-62.338-68.927Q-62.282-68.604-62.077-68.378Q-61.871-68.151-61.461-68.151M-58.293-66.503Q-58.063-66.264-57.516-66.264Q-57.262-66.264-57.039-66.388Q-56.817-66.511-56.647-66.727Q-56.477-66.944-56.383-67.175Q-56.258-67.487-56.219-67.827Q-56.180-68.167-56.180-68.616Q-56.348-68.284-56.631-68.089Q-56.914-67.893-57.254-67.893Q-57.618-67.893-57.930-68.038Q-58.243-68.182-58.465-68.434Q-58.688-68.686-58.811-69.013Q-58.934-69.339-58.934-69.694Q-58.934-70.190-58.692-70.600Q-58.450-71.011-58.032-71.245Q-57.614-71.479-57.118-71.479Q-56.161-71.479-55.780-70.649Q-55.399-69.819-55.399-68.745Q-55.399-68.112-55.649-67.468Q-55.899-66.823-56.381-66.407Q-56.864-65.991-57.516-65.991Q-58.020-65.991-58.370-66.208Q-58.719-66.425-58.719-66.893Q-58.719-67.061-58.606-67.175Q-58.493-67.288-58.325-67.288Q-58.219-67.288-58.127-67.237Q-58.036-67.186-57.985-67.095Q-57.934-67.003-57.934-66.893Q-57.934-66.745-58.036-66.624Q-58.137-66.503-58.293-66.503M-57.215-68.151Q-56.883-68.151-56.651-68.362Q-56.418-68.573-56.307-68.895Q-56.196-69.218-56.196-69.534Q-56.196-69.632-56.207-69.686Q-56.204-69.694-56.200-69.706Q-56.196-69.718-56.196-69.725Q-56.196-69.968-56.239-70.231Q-56.282-70.495-56.383-70.723Q-56.485-70.952-56.666-71.095Q-56.848-71.237-57.118-71.237Q-57.551-71.237-57.778-71.016Q-58.004-70.796-58.077-70.464Q-58.149-70.132-58.149-69.694Q-58.149-69.249-58.092-68.927Q-58.036-68.604-57.830-68.378Q-57.625-68.151-57.215-68.151M-51.446-66.159L-54.239-66.159L-54.239-66.456Q-53.176-66.456-53.176-66.718L-53.176-70.886Q-53.606-70.671-54.286-70.671L-54.286-70.968Q-53.266-70.968-52.750-71.479L-52.606-71.479Q-52.532-71.460-52.512-71.382L-52.512-66.718Q-52.512-66.456-51.446-66.456\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr8\" font-size=\"8\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(3.533 33.298)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-63.836-66.081Q-64.317-66.081-64.725-66.325Q-65.133-66.569-65.371-66.983Q-65.610-67.397-65.610-67.886Q-65.610-68.378-65.352-68.794Q-65.094-69.210-64.662-69.448Q-64.231-69.686-63.739-69.686Q-63.118-69.686-62.668-69.249L-62.668-70.878Q-62.668-71.093-62.731-71.188Q-62.793-71.284-62.911-71.305Q-63.028-71.327-63.274-71.327L-63.274-71.624L-62.051-71.710L-62.051-66.901Q-62.051-66.690-61.989-66.595Q-61.926-66.499-61.809-66.477Q-61.692-66.456-61.442-66.456L-61.442-66.159L-62.692-66.081L-62.692-66.565Q-63.157-66.081-63.836-66.081M-63.770-66.335Q-63.430-66.335-63.137-66.526Q-62.844-66.718-62.692-67.014L-62.692-68.847Q-62.840-69.120-63.102-69.276Q-63.364-69.432-63.676-69.432Q-64.301-69.432-64.584-68.985Q-64.868-68.538-64.868-67.878Q-64.868-67.233-64.616-66.784Q-64.364-66.335-63.770-66.335M-60.934-67.913Q-60.934-68.393-60.702-68.809Q-60.469-69.225-60.059-69.475Q-59.649-69.725-59.172-69.725Q-58.442-69.725-58.043-69.284Q-57.645-68.843-57.645-68.112Q-57.645-68.007-57.739-67.983L-60.188-67.983L-60.188-67.913Q-60.188-67.503-60.067-67.147Q-59.946-66.792-59.674-66.575Q-59.403-66.358-58.973-66.358Q-58.610-66.358-58.313-66.587Q-58.016-66.815-57.914-67.167Q-57.907-67.214-57.821-67.229L-57.739-67.229Q-57.645-67.202-57.645-67.120Q-57.645-67.112-57.653-67.081Q-57.715-66.854-57.854-66.671Q-57.993-66.487-58.184-66.354Q-58.375-66.222-58.594-66.151Q-58.813-66.081-59.051-66.081Q-59.422-66.081-59.760-66.218Q-60.098-66.354-60.366-66.606Q-60.633-66.858-60.784-67.198Q-60.934-67.538-60.934-67.913M-60.180-68.222L-58.219-68.222Q-58.219-68.526-58.321-68.817Q-58.422-69.108-58.639-69.290Q-58.856-69.472-59.172-69.472Q-59.473-69.472-59.704-69.284Q-59.934-69.097-60.057-68.805Q-60.180-68.514-60.180-68.222M-55.243-66.159L-57.075-66.159L-57.075-66.456Q-56.801-66.456-56.633-66.503Q-56.465-66.550-56.465-66.718L-56.465-70.878Q-56.465-71.093-56.528-71.188Q-56.590-71.284-56.709-71.305Q-56.829-71.327-57.075-71.327L-57.075-71.624L-55.852-71.710L-55.852-66.718Q-55.852-66.550-55.684-66.503Q-55.516-66.456-55.243-66.456L-55.243-66.159M-52.938-66.159L-54.715-66.159L-54.715-66.456Q-54.442-66.456-54.274-66.503Q-54.106-66.550-54.106-66.718L-54.106-68.854Q-54.106-69.069-54.162-69.165Q-54.219-69.261-54.332-69.282Q-54.446-69.304-54.692-69.304L-54.692-69.600L-53.493-69.686L-53.493-66.718Q-53.493-66.550-53.346-66.503Q-53.200-66.456-52.938-66.456L-52.938-66.159M-54.379-71.081Q-54.379-71.272-54.245-71.403Q-54.110-71.534-53.914-71.534Q-53.793-71.534-53.690-71.472Q-53.586-71.409-53.524-71.305Q-53.461-71.202-53.461-71.081Q-53.461-70.886-53.592-70.751Q-53.723-70.616-53.914-70.616Q-54.114-70.616-54.246-70.749Q-54.379-70.882-54.379-71.081M-52.438-65.550Q-52.438-65.831-52.227-66.042Q-52.016-66.253-51.731-66.343Q-51.887-66.468-51.965-66.657Q-52.043-66.847-52.043-67.046Q-52.043-67.401-51.813-67.694Q-52.180-68.034-52.180-68.503Q-52.180-68.854-51.977-69.124Q-51.774-69.393-51.454-69.540Q-51.133-69.686-50.789-69.686Q-50.270-69.686-49.899-69.405Q-49.536-69.776-48.989-69.776Q-48.809-69.776-48.682-69.649Q-48.555-69.522-48.555-69.343Q-48.555-69.237-48.633-69.159Q-48.711-69.081-48.821-69.081Q-48.930-69.081-49.006-69.157Q-49.082-69.233-49.082-69.343Q-49.082-69.444-49.043-69.495Q-49.036-69.503-49.032-69.509Q-49.028-69.514-49.028-69.518Q-49.403-69.518-49.723-69.264Q-49.403-68.925-49.403-68.503Q-49.403-68.233-49.520-68.016Q-49.637-67.800-49.842-67.641Q-50.047-67.483-50.289-67.401Q-50.532-67.319-50.789-67.319Q-51.008-67.319-51.221-67.378Q-51.434-67.436-51.629-67.557Q-51.723-67.417-51.723-67.237Q-51.723-67.030-51.586-66.878Q-51.450-66.725-51.243-66.725L-50.547-66.725Q-50.059-66.725-49.647-66.641Q-49.235-66.557-48.955-66.300Q-48.676-66.042-48.676-65.550Q-48.676-65.186-48.996-64.954Q-49.317-64.722-49.758-64.620Q-50.200-64.518-50.555-64.518Q-50.911-64.518-51.354-64.620Q-51.797-64.722-52.118-64.954Q-52.438-65.186-52.438-65.550M-51.934-65.550Q-51.934-65.354-51.789-65.206Q-51.645-65.057-51.432-64.968Q-51.219-64.878-50.979-64.831Q-50.739-64.784-50.555-64.784Q-50.313-64.784-49.983-64.862Q-49.653-64.940-49.416-65.114Q-49.180-65.288-49.180-65.550Q-49.180-65.956-49.590-66.065Q-50-66.175-50.563-66.175L-51.243-66.175Q-51.512-66.175-51.723-65.997Q-51.934-65.819-51.934-65.550M-50.789-67.585Q-50.067-67.585-50.067-68.503Q-50.067-69.425-50.789-69.425Q-51.516-69.425-51.516-68.503Q-51.516-67.585-50.789-67.585M-46.262-66.159L-48.118-66.159L-48.118-66.456Q-47.844-66.456-47.676-66.503Q-47.508-66.550-47.508-66.718L-47.508-70.878Q-47.508-71.093-47.571-71.188Q-47.633-71.284-47.752-71.305Q-47.871-71.327-48.118-71.327L-48.118-71.624L-46.895-71.710L-46.895-69.007Q-46.770-69.218-46.582-69.368Q-46.395-69.518-46.168-69.602Q-45.942-69.686-45.696-69.686Q-44.528-69.686-44.528-68.608L-44.528-66.718Q-44.528-66.550-44.358-66.503Q-44.188-66.456-43.918-66.456L-43.918-66.159L-45.774-66.159L-45.774-66.456Q-45.500-66.456-45.332-66.503Q-45.164-66.550-45.164-66.718L-45.164-68.593Q-45.164-68.975-45.286-69.204Q-45.407-69.432-45.758-69.432Q-46.071-69.432-46.325-69.270Q-46.579-69.108-46.725-68.839Q-46.871-68.569-46.871-68.272L-46.871-66.718Q-46.871-66.550-46.702-66.503Q-46.532-66.456-46.262-66.456\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(3.533 33.298)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-43.070-67.120L-43.070-69.311L-43.773-69.311L-43.773-69.565Q-43.417-69.565-43.175-69.798Q-42.933-70.030-42.822-70.378Q-42.710-70.725-42.710-71.081L-42.429-71.081L-42.429-69.608L-41.253-69.608L-41.253-69.311L-42.429-69.311L-42.429-67.136Q-42.429-66.815-42.310-66.587Q-42.191-66.358-41.910-66.358Q-41.730-66.358-41.613-66.481Q-41.495-66.604-41.443-66.784Q-41.390-66.964-41.390-67.136L-41.390-67.608L-41.109-67.608L-41.109-67.120Q-41.109-66.866-41.214-66.626Q-41.320-66.386-41.517-66.233Q-41.714-66.081-41.972-66.081Q-42.288-66.081-42.540-66.204Q-42.792-66.327-42.931-66.561Q-43.070-66.796-43.070-67.120M-38.324-66.159L-40.308-66.159L-40.308-66.456Q-40.035-66.456-39.867-66.503Q-39.699-66.550-39.699-66.718L-39.699-69.311L-40.339-69.311L-40.339-69.608L-39.699-69.608L-39.699-70.542Q-39.699-70.807-39.581-71.044Q-39.464-71.280-39.271-71.444Q-39.078-71.608-38.829-71.700Q-38.581-71.792-38.316-71.792Q-38.031-71.792-37.806-71.634Q-37.581-71.475-37.581-71.198Q-37.581-71.042-37.687-70.932Q-37.792-70.823-37.956-70.823Q-38.113-70.823-38.222-70.932Q-38.331-71.042-38.331-71.198Q-38.331-71.405-38.171-71.511Q-38.269-71.534-38.363-71.534Q-38.593-71.534-38.765-71.378Q-38.937-71.222-39.023-70.985Q-39.109-70.749-39.109-70.526L-39.109-69.608L-38.140-69.608L-38.140-69.311L-39.085-69.311L-39.085-66.718Q-39.085-66.550-38.859-66.503Q-38.632-66.456-38.324-66.456L-38.324-66.159M-37.113-67.112L-37.113-68.854Q-37.113-69.069-37.175-69.165Q-37.238-69.261-37.357-69.282Q-37.476-69.304-37.722-69.304L-37.722-69.600L-36.476-69.686L-36.476-67.136L-36.476-67.112Q-36.476-66.800-36.421-66.638Q-36.367-66.475-36.216-66.405Q-36.066-66.335-35.745-66.335Q-35.316-66.335-35.042-66.673Q-34.769-67.011-34.769-67.456L-34.769-68.854Q-34.769-69.069-34.831-69.165Q-34.894-69.261-35.013-69.282Q-35.132-69.304-35.378-69.304L-35.378-69.600L-34.132-69.686L-34.132-66.901Q-34.132-66.690-34.070-66.595Q-34.007-66.499-33.888-66.477Q-33.769-66.456-33.523-66.456L-33.523-66.159L-34.745-66.081L-34.745-66.702Q-34.913-66.413-35.195-66.247Q-35.476-66.081-35.796-66.081Q-37.113-66.081-37.113-67.112M-31.163-66.159L-32.995-66.159L-32.995-66.456Q-32.722-66.456-32.554-66.503Q-32.386-66.550-32.386-66.718L-32.386-70.878Q-32.386-71.093-32.449-71.188Q-32.511-71.284-32.630-71.305Q-32.749-71.327-32.995-71.327L-32.995-71.624L-31.773-71.710L-31.773-66.718Q-31.773-66.550-31.605-66.503Q-31.437-66.456-31.163-66.456\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(48.22 33.876)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-65.172-66.624Q-65.172-66.807-65.036-66.944Q-64.899-67.081-64.707-67.081Q-64.516-67.081-64.383-66.948Q-64.250-66.815-64.250-66.624Q-64.250-66.425-64.383-66.292Q-64.516-66.159-64.707-66.159Q-64.899-66.159-65.036-66.296Q-65.172-66.432-65.172-66.624M-62.539-66.503Q-62.309-66.264-61.762-66.264Q-61.508-66.264-61.286-66.388Q-61.063-66.511-60.893-66.727Q-60.723-66.944-60.629-67.175Q-60.504-67.487-60.465-67.827Q-60.426-68.167-60.426-68.616Q-60.594-68.284-60.877-68.089Q-61.161-67.893-61.500-67.893Q-61.864-67.893-62.176-68.038Q-62.489-68.182-62.711-68.434Q-62.934-68.686-63.057-69.013Q-63.180-69.339-63.180-69.694Q-63.180-70.190-62.938-70.600Q-62.696-71.011-62.278-71.245Q-61.860-71.479-61.364-71.479Q-60.407-71.479-60.026-70.649Q-59.645-69.819-59.645-68.745Q-59.645-68.112-59.895-67.468Q-60.145-66.823-60.627-66.407Q-61.110-65.991-61.762-65.991Q-62.266-65.991-62.616-66.208Q-62.965-66.425-62.965-66.893Q-62.965-67.061-62.852-67.175Q-62.739-67.288-62.571-67.288Q-62.465-67.288-62.373-67.237Q-62.282-67.186-62.231-67.095Q-62.180-67.003-62.180-66.893Q-62.180-66.745-62.282-66.624Q-62.383-66.503-62.539-66.503M-61.461-68.151Q-61.129-68.151-60.897-68.362Q-60.664-68.573-60.553-68.895Q-60.442-69.218-60.442-69.534Q-60.442-69.632-60.454-69.686Q-60.450-69.694-60.446-69.706Q-60.442-69.718-60.442-69.725Q-60.442-69.968-60.485-70.231Q-60.528-70.495-60.629-70.723Q-60.731-70.952-60.912-71.095Q-61.094-71.237-61.364-71.237Q-61.797-71.237-62.024-71.016Q-62.250-70.796-62.323-70.464Q-62.395-70.132-62.395-69.694Q-62.395-69.249-62.338-68.927Q-62.282-68.604-62.077-68.378Q-61.871-68.151-61.461-68.151M-55.692-66.159L-58.485-66.159L-58.485-66.456Q-57.422-66.456-57.422-66.718L-57.422-70.886Q-57.852-70.671-58.532-70.671L-58.532-70.968Q-57.512-70.968-56.996-71.479L-56.852-71.479Q-56.778-71.460-56.758-71.382L-56.758-66.718Q-56.758-66.456-55.692-66.456L-55.692-66.159M-54.688-67.382Q-54.688-67.878-54.362-68.243Q-54.036-68.608-53.512-68.854L-53.782-69.014Q-54.079-69.198-54.262-69.493Q-54.446-69.788-54.446-70.128Q-54.446-70.522-54.227-70.833Q-54.008-71.143-53.655-71.311Q-53.301-71.479-52.918-71.479Q-52.645-71.479-52.371-71.401Q-52.098-71.323-51.881-71.175Q-51.664-71.026-51.528-70.800Q-51.391-70.573-51.391-70.280Q-51.391-69.874-51.661-69.567Q-51.930-69.261-52.352-69.046L-51.903-68.776Q-51.684-68.639-51.516-68.446Q-51.348-68.253-51.250-68.014Q-51.153-67.776-51.153-67.518Q-51.153-67.179-51.303-66.891Q-51.454-66.604-51.700-66.407Q-51.946-66.210-52.270-66.100Q-52.594-65.991-52.918-65.991Q-53.348-65.991-53.754-66.153Q-54.161-66.315-54.424-66.634Q-54.688-66.952-54.688-67.382M-54.200-67.382Q-54.200-66.897-53.809-66.581Q-53.418-66.264-52.918-66.264Q-52.625-66.264-52.327-66.376Q-52.028-66.487-51.834-66.706Q-51.641-66.925-51.641-67.237Q-51.641-67.468-51.782-67.679Q-51.922-67.889-52.129-68.007L-53.239-68.686Q-53.657-68.483-53.928-68.147Q-54.200-67.811-54.200-67.382M-53.614-69.815L-52.625-69.214Q-52.278-69.397-52.051-69.667Q-51.825-69.936-51.825-70.280Q-51.825-70.499-51.916-70.675Q-52.008-70.850-52.162-70.973Q-52.317-71.097-52.518-71.167Q-52.719-71.237-52.918-71.237Q-53.325-71.237-53.670-71.026Q-54.016-70.815-54.016-70.432Q-54.016-70.249-53.905-70.087Q-53.793-69.925-53.614-69.815\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr8\" font-size=\"8\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(77.51 32.98)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-63.770-64.608L-65.625-64.608L-65.625-64.901Q-65.356-64.901-65.188-64.946Q-65.020-64.991-65.020-65.167L-65.020-68.991Q-65.020-69.198-65.176-69.251Q-65.332-69.304-65.625-69.304L-65.625-69.600L-64.403-69.686L-64.403-69.222Q-64.172-69.444-63.858-69.565Q-63.543-69.686-63.204-69.686Q-62.731-69.686-62.327-69.440Q-61.922-69.194-61.690-68.778Q-61.457-68.362-61.457-67.886Q-61.457-67.511-61.606-67.182Q-61.754-66.854-62.024-66.602Q-62.293-66.350-62.637-66.216Q-62.981-66.081-63.340-66.081Q-63.629-66.081-63.901-66.202Q-64.172-66.323-64.379-66.534L-64.379-65.167Q-64.379-64.991-64.211-64.946Q-64.043-64.901-63.770-64.901L-63.770-64.608M-64.379-68.823L-64.379-66.983Q-64.227-66.694-63.965-66.514Q-63.704-66.335-63.395-66.335Q-63.110-66.335-62.887-66.473Q-62.664-66.612-62.512-66.843Q-62.360-67.073-62.282-67.345Q-62.204-67.616-62.204-67.886Q-62.204-68.218-62.329-68.575Q-62.454-68.932-62.702-69.169Q-62.950-69.405-63.297-69.405Q-63.621-69.405-63.916-69.249Q-64.211-69.093-64.379-68.823M-60.836-66.991Q-60.836-67.475-60.434-67.770Q-60.032-68.065-59.481-68.184Q-58.930-68.304-58.438-68.304L-58.438-68.593Q-58.438-68.819-58.553-69.026Q-58.668-69.233-58.866-69.352Q-59.063-69.472-59.293-69.472Q-59.719-69.472-60.004-69.366Q-59.934-69.339-59.887-69.284Q-59.840-69.229-59.815-69.159Q-59.789-69.089-59.789-69.014Q-59.789-68.909-59.840-68.817Q-59.891-68.725-59.983-68.675Q-60.075-68.624-60.180-68.624Q-60.286-68.624-60.377-68.675Q-60.469-68.725-60.520-68.817Q-60.571-68.909-60.571-69.014Q-60.571-69.432-60.182-69.579Q-59.793-69.725-59.293-69.725Q-58.961-69.725-58.608-69.595Q-58.254-69.464-58.026-69.210Q-57.797-68.956-57.797-68.608L-57.797-66.807Q-57.797-66.675-57.725-66.565Q-57.653-66.456-57.524-66.456Q-57.399-66.456-57.330-66.561Q-57.262-66.667-57.262-66.807L-57.262-67.319L-56.981-67.319L-56.981-66.807Q-56.981-66.604-57.098-66.446Q-57.215-66.288-57.397-66.204Q-57.579-66.120-57.782-66.120Q-58.012-66.120-58.164-66.292Q-58.317-66.464-58.348-66.694Q-58.508-66.413-58.817-66.247Q-59.125-66.081-59.477-66.081Q-59.989-66.081-60.412-66.304Q-60.836-66.526-60.836-66.991M-60.149-66.991Q-60.149-66.706-59.922-66.520Q-59.696-66.335-59.403-66.335Q-59.157-66.335-58.932-66.452Q-58.707-66.569-58.573-66.772Q-58.438-66.975-58.438-67.229L-58.438-68.061Q-58.704-68.061-58.989-68.007Q-59.274-67.952-59.545-67.823Q-59.817-67.694-59.983-67.487Q-60.149-67.280-60.149-66.991M-54.680-66.159L-56.661-66.159L-56.661-66.456Q-56.391-66.456-56.223-66.501Q-56.055-66.546-56.055-66.718L-56.055-68.854Q-56.055-69.069-56.118-69.165Q-56.180-69.261-56.297-69.282Q-56.414-69.304-56.661-69.304L-56.661-69.600L-55.493-69.686L-55.493-68.901Q-55.414-69.112-55.262-69.298Q-55.110-69.483-54.911-69.585Q-54.711-69.686-54.485-69.686Q-54.239-69.686-54.047-69.542Q-53.856-69.397-53.856-69.167Q-53.856-69.011-53.961-68.901Q-54.067-68.792-54.223-68.792Q-54.379-68.792-54.489-68.901Q-54.598-69.011-54.598-69.167Q-54.598-69.327-54.493-69.432Q-54.817-69.432-55.032-69.204Q-55.246-68.975-55.342-68.636Q-55.438-68.296-55.438-67.991L-55.438-66.718Q-55.438-66.550-55.211-66.503Q-54.985-66.456-54.680-66.456L-54.680-66.159M-52.750-67.120L-52.750-69.311L-53.454-69.311L-53.454-69.565Q-53.098-69.565-52.856-69.798Q-52.614-70.030-52.502-70.378Q-52.391-70.725-52.391-71.081L-52.110-71.081L-52.110-69.608L-50.934-69.608L-50.934-69.311L-52.110-69.311L-52.110-67.136Q-52.110-66.815-51.991-66.587Q-51.871-66.358-51.590-66.358Q-51.411-66.358-51.293-66.481Q-51.176-66.604-51.123-66.784Q-51.071-66.964-51.071-67.136L-51.071-67.608L-50.789-67.608L-50.789-67.120Q-50.789-66.866-50.895-66.626Q-51-66.386-51.198-66.233Q-51.395-66.081-51.653-66.081Q-51.969-66.081-52.221-66.204Q-52.473-66.327-52.612-66.561Q-52.750-66.796-52.750-67.120\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(77.51 32.98)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-49.881-64.862Q-49.767-64.784-49.592-64.784Q-49.303-64.784-49.082-64.997Q-48.861-65.210-48.736-65.511L-48.447-66.159L-49.721-69.046Q-49.803-69.222-49.947-69.266Q-50.092-69.311-50.361-69.311L-50.361-69.608L-48.642-69.608L-48.642-69.311Q-49.064-69.311-49.064-69.128Q-49.064-69.116-49.049-69.046L-48.111-66.921L-47.279-68.831Q-47.240-68.921-47.240-68.999Q-47.240-69.139-47.342-69.225Q-47.443-69.311-47.584-69.311L-47.584-69.608L-46.232-69.608L-46.232-69.311Q-46.486-69.311-46.680-69.186Q-46.873-69.061-46.978-68.831L-48.424-65.511Q-48.537-65.257-48.703-65.034Q-48.869-64.811-49.098-64.669Q-49.326-64.526-49.592-64.526Q-49.889-64.526-50.129-64.718Q-50.369-64.909-50.369-65.198Q-50.369-65.354-50.264-65.456Q-50.158-65.557-50.010-65.557Q-49.904-65.557-49.824-65.511Q-49.744-65.464-49.697-65.386Q-49.650-65.307-49.650-65.198Q-49.650-65.077-49.711-64.989Q-49.771-64.901-49.881-64.862\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(122.197 33.876)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-65.172-66.624Q-65.172-66.807-65.036-66.944Q-64.899-67.081-64.707-67.081Q-64.516-67.081-64.383-66.948Q-64.250-66.815-64.250-66.624Q-64.250-66.425-64.383-66.292Q-64.516-66.159-64.707-66.159Q-64.899-66.159-65.036-66.296Q-65.172-66.432-65.172-66.624M-63.180-67.382Q-63.180-67.878-62.854-68.243Q-62.528-68.608-62.004-68.854L-62.274-69.014Q-62.571-69.198-62.754-69.493Q-62.938-69.788-62.938-70.128Q-62.938-70.522-62.719-70.833Q-62.500-71.143-62.147-71.311Q-61.793-71.479-61.411-71.479Q-61.137-71.479-60.864-71.401Q-60.590-71.323-60.373-71.175Q-60.157-71.026-60.020-70.800Q-59.883-70.573-59.883-70.280Q-59.883-69.874-60.153-69.567Q-60.422-69.261-60.844-69.046L-60.395-68.776Q-60.176-68.639-60.008-68.446Q-59.840-68.253-59.743-68.014Q-59.645-67.776-59.645-67.518Q-59.645-67.179-59.795-66.891Q-59.946-66.604-60.192-66.407Q-60.438-66.210-60.762-66.100Q-61.086-65.991-61.411-65.991Q-61.840-65.991-62.246-66.153Q-62.653-66.315-62.916-66.634Q-63.180-66.952-63.180-67.382M-62.692-67.382Q-62.692-66.897-62.301-66.581Q-61.911-66.264-61.411-66.264Q-61.118-66.264-60.819-66.376Q-60.520-66.487-60.327-66.706Q-60.133-66.925-60.133-67.237Q-60.133-67.468-60.274-67.679Q-60.414-67.889-60.621-68.007L-61.731-68.686Q-62.149-68.483-62.420-68.147Q-62.692-67.811-62.692-67.382M-62.106-69.815L-61.118-69.214Q-60.770-69.397-60.543-69.667Q-60.317-69.936-60.317-70.280Q-60.317-70.499-60.409-70.675Q-60.500-70.850-60.655-70.973Q-60.809-71.097-61.010-71.167Q-61.211-71.237-61.411-71.237Q-61.817-71.237-62.162-71.026Q-62.508-70.815-62.508-70.432Q-62.508-70.249-62.397-70.087Q-62.286-69.925-62.106-69.815M-56.805-67.472L-59.047-67.472L-59.047-67.768L-56.477-71.425Q-56.438-71.479-56.375-71.479L-56.231-71.479Q-56.180-71.479-56.149-71.448Q-56.118-71.417-56.118-71.366L-56.118-67.768L-55.286-67.768L-55.286-67.472L-56.118-67.472L-56.118-66.718Q-56.118-66.456-55.293-66.456L-55.293-66.159L-57.629-66.159L-57.629-66.456Q-56.805-66.456-56.805-66.718L-56.805-67.472M-56.750-70.573L-58.719-67.768L-56.750-67.768L-56.750-70.573M-52.918-65.991Q-53.621-65.991-54.022-66.391Q-54.422-66.792-54.567-67.401Q-54.711-68.011-54.711-68.710Q-54.711-69.233-54.641-69.696Q-54.571-70.159-54.377-70.571Q-54.184-70.983-53.827-71.231Q-53.469-71.479-52.918-71.479Q-52.368-71.479-52.010-71.231Q-51.653-70.983-51.461-70.573Q-51.270-70.163-51.200-69.694Q-51.129-69.225-51.129-68.710Q-51.129-68.011-51.272-67.403Q-51.414-66.796-51.815-66.393Q-52.215-65.991-52.918-65.991M-52.918-66.249Q-52.446-66.249-52.213-66.684Q-51.981-67.120-51.926-67.659Q-51.871-68.198-51.871-68.839Q-51.871-69.835-52.055-70.528Q-52.239-71.222-52.918-71.222Q-53.286-71.222-53.506-70.983Q-53.727-70.745-53.823-70.388Q-53.918-70.030-53.944-69.659Q-53.969-69.288-53.969-68.839Q-53.969-68.198-53.914-67.659Q-53.860-67.120-53.627-66.684Q-53.395-66.249-52.918-66.249\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr8\" font-size=\"8\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(151.488 33.298)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-65.555-66.991Q-65.555-67.475-65.153-67.770Q-64.750-68.065-64.200-68.184Q-63.649-68.304-63.157-68.304L-63.157-68.593Q-63.157-68.819-63.272-69.026Q-63.387-69.233-63.584-69.352Q-63.782-69.472-64.012-69.472Q-64.438-69.472-64.723-69.366Q-64.653-69.339-64.606-69.284Q-64.559-69.229-64.534-69.159Q-64.508-69.089-64.508-69.014Q-64.508-68.909-64.559-68.817Q-64.610-68.725-64.702-68.675Q-64.793-68.624-64.899-68.624Q-65.004-68.624-65.096-68.675Q-65.188-68.725-65.239-68.817Q-65.289-68.909-65.289-69.014Q-65.289-69.432-64.901-69.579Q-64.512-69.725-64.012-69.725Q-63.680-69.725-63.327-69.595Q-62.973-69.464-62.745-69.210Q-62.516-68.956-62.516-68.608L-62.516-66.807Q-62.516-66.675-62.444-66.565Q-62.371-66.456-62.243-66.456Q-62.118-66.456-62.049-66.561Q-61.981-66.667-61.981-66.807L-61.981-67.319L-61.700-67.319L-61.700-66.807Q-61.700-66.604-61.817-66.446Q-61.934-66.288-62.116-66.204Q-62.297-66.120-62.500-66.120Q-62.731-66.120-62.883-66.292Q-63.036-66.464-63.067-66.694Q-63.227-66.413-63.536-66.247Q-63.844-66.081-64.196-66.081Q-64.707-66.081-65.131-66.304Q-65.555-66.526-65.555-66.991M-64.868-66.991Q-64.868-66.706-64.641-66.520Q-64.414-66.335-64.121-66.335Q-63.875-66.335-63.651-66.452Q-63.426-66.569-63.291-66.772Q-63.157-66.975-63.157-67.229L-63.157-68.061Q-63.422-68.061-63.707-68.007Q-63.993-67.952-64.264-67.823Q-64.536-67.694-64.702-67.487Q-64.868-67.280-64.868-66.991M-60.723-67.112L-60.723-68.854Q-60.723-69.069-60.786-69.165Q-60.848-69.261-60.967-69.282Q-61.086-69.304-61.332-69.304L-61.332-69.600L-60.086-69.686L-60.086-67.136L-60.086-67.112Q-60.086-66.800-60.032-66.638Q-59.977-66.475-59.827-66.405Q-59.676-66.335-59.356-66.335Q-58.926-66.335-58.653-66.673Q-58.379-67.011-58.379-67.456L-58.379-68.854Q-58.379-69.069-58.442-69.165Q-58.504-69.261-58.623-69.282Q-58.743-69.304-58.989-69.304L-58.989-69.600L-57.743-69.686L-57.743-66.901Q-57.743-66.690-57.680-66.595Q-57.618-66.499-57.498-66.477Q-57.379-66.456-57.133-66.456L-57.133-66.159L-58.356-66.081L-58.356-66.702Q-58.524-66.413-58.805-66.247Q-59.086-66.081-59.407-66.081Q-60.723-66.081-60.723-67.112M-56.063-67.120L-56.063-69.311L-56.766-69.311L-56.766-69.565Q-56.411-69.565-56.168-69.798Q-55.926-70.030-55.815-70.378Q-55.704-70.725-55.704-71.081L-55.422-71.081L-55.422-69.608L-54.246-69.608L-54.246-69.311L-55.422-69.311L-55.422-67.136Q-55.422-66.815-55.303-66.587Q-55.184-66.358-54.903-66.358Q-54.723-66.358-54.606-66.481Q-54.489-66.604-54.436-66.784Q-54.383-66.964-54.383-67.136L-54.383-67.608L-54.102-67.608L-54.102-67.120Q-54.102-66.866-54.207-66.626Q-54.313-66.386-54.510-66.233Q-54.707-66.081-54.965-66.081Q-55.282-66.081-55.534-66.204Q-55.786-66.327-55.924-66.561Q-56.063-66.796-56.063-67.120M-51.454-66.159L-53.309-66.159L-53.309-66.456Q-53.036-66.456-52.868-66.503Q-52.700-66.550-52.700-66.718L-52.700-70.878Q-52.700-71.093-52.762-71.188Q-52.825-71.284-52.944-71.305Q-53.063-71.327-53.309-71.327L-53.309-71.624L-52.086-71.710L-52.086-69.007Q-51.961-69.218-51.774-69.368Q-51.586-69.518-51.360-69.602Q-51.133-69.686-50.887-69.686Q-49.719-69.686-49.719-68.608L-49.719-66.718Q-49.719-66.550-49.549-66.503Q-49.379-66.456-49.110-66.456L-49.110-66.159L-50.965-66.159L-50.965-66.456Q-50.692-66.456-50.524-66.503Q-50.356-66.550-50.356-66.718L-50.356-68.593Q-50.356-68.975-50.477-69.204Q-50.598-69.432-50.950-69.432Q-51.262-69.432-51.516-69.270Q-51.770-69.108-51.916-68.839Q-52.063-68.569-52.063-68.272L-52.063-66.718Q-52.063-66.550-51.893-66.503Q-51.723-66.456-51.454-66.456L-51.454-66.159M-48.664-67.854Q-48.664-68.358-48.409-68.790Q-48.153-69.222-47.717-69.473Q-47.282-69.725-46.782-69.725Q-46.395-69.725-46.053-69.581Q-45.711-69.436-45.450-69.175Q-45.188-68.913-45.045-68.577Q-44.903-68.241-44.903-67.854Q-44.903-67.362-45.166-66.952Q-45.430-66.542-45.860-66.311Q-46.289-66.081-46.782-66.081Q-47.274-66.081-47.707-66.313Q-48.141-66.546-48.403-66.954Q-48.664-67.362-48.664-67.854M-46.782-66.358Q-46.325-66.358-46.073-66.581Q-45.821-66.804-45.733-67.155Q-45.645-67.507-45.645-67.952Q-45.645-68.382-45.739-68.720Q-45.832-69.057-46.086-69.264Q-46.340-69.472-46.782-69.472Q-47.430-69.472-47.674-69.055Q-47.918-68.639-47.918-67.952Q-47.918-67.507-47.830-67.155Q-47.743-66.804-47.491-66.581Q-47.239-66.358-46.782-66.358M-42.411-66.159L-44.391-66.159L-44.391-66.456Q-44.121-66.456-43.954-66.501Q-43.786-66.546-43.786-66.718L-43.786-68.854Q-43.786-69.069-43.848-69.165Q-43.911-69.261-44.028-69.282Q-44.145-69.304-44.391-69.304L-44.391-69.600L-43.223-69.686L-43.223-68.901Q-43.145-69.112-42.993-69.298Q-42.840-69.483-42.641-69.585Q-42.442-69.686-42.215-69.686Q-41.969-69.686-41.778-69.542Q-41.586-69.397-41.586-69.167Q-41.586-69.011-41.692-68.901Q-41.797-68.792-41.954-68.792Q-42.110-68.792-42.219-68.901Q-42.329-69.011-42.329-69.167Q-42.329-69.327-42.223-69.432Q-42.547-69.432-42.762-69.204Q-42.977-68.975-43.073-68.636Q-43.168-68.296-43.168-67.991L-43.168-66.718Q-43.168-66.550-42.942-66.503Q-42.715-66.456-42.411-66.456L-42.411-66.159M-39.246-66.159L-41.024-66.159L-41.024-66.456Q-40.750-66.456-40.582-66.503Q-40.414-66.550-40.414-66.718L-40.414-68.854Q-40.414-69.069-40.471-69.165Q-40.528-69.261-40.641-69.282Q-40.754-69.304-41-69.304L-41-69.600L-39.801-69.686L-39.801-66.718Q-39.801-66.550-39.655-66.503Q-39.508-66.456-39.246-66.456L-39.246-66.159M-40.688-71.081Q-40.688-71.272-40.553-71.403Q-40.418-71.534-40.223-71.534Q-40.102-71.534-39.998-71.472Q-39.895-71.409-39.832-71.305Q-39.770-71.202-39.770-71.081Q-39.770-70.886-39.901-70.751Q-40.032-70.616-40.223-70.616Q-40.422-70.616-40.555-70.749Q-40.688-70.882-40.688-71.081M-38.121-67.120L-38.121-69.311L-38.825-69.311L-38.825-69.565Q-38.469-69.565-38.227-69.798Q-37.985-70.030-37.873-70.378Q-37.762-70.725-37.762-71.081L-37.481-71.081L-37.481-69.608L-36.305-69.608L-36.305-69.311L-37.481-69.311L-37.481-67.136Q-37.481-66.815-37.362-66.587Q-37.243-66.358-36.961-66.358Q-36.782-66.358-36.664-66.481Q-36.547-66.604-36.495-66.784Q-36.442-66.964-36.442-67.136L-36.442-67.608L-36.161-67.608L-36.161-67.120Q-36.161-66.866-36.266-66.626Q-36.371-66.386-36.569-66.233Q-36.766-66.081-37.024-66.081Q-37.340-66.081-37.592-66.204Q-37.844-66.327-37.983-66.561Q-38.121-66.796-38.121-67.120\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(151.488 33.298)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-35.242-64.862Q-35.128-64.784-34.953-64.784Q-34.664-64.784-34.443-64.997Q-34.222-65.210-34.097-65.511L-33.808-66.159L-35.082-69.046Q-35.164-69.222-35.308-69.266Q-35.453-69.311-35.722-69.311L-35.722-69.608L-34.003-69.608L-34.003-69.311Q-34.425-69.311-34.425-69.128Q-34.425-69.116-34.410-69.046L-33.472-66.921L-32.640-68.831Q-32.601-68.921-32.601-68.999Q-32.601-69.139-32.703-69.225Q-32.804-69.311-32.945-69.311L-32.945-69.608L-31.593-69.608L-31.593-69.311Q-31.847-69.311-32.041-69.186Q-32.234-69.061-32.339-68.831L-33.785-65.511Q-33.898-65.257-34.064-65.034Q-34.230-64.811-34.459-64.669Q-34.687-64.526-34.953-64.526Q-35.250-64.526-35.490-64.718Q-35.730-64.909-35.730-65.198Q-35.730-65.354-35.625-65.456Q-35.519-65.557-35.371-65.557Q-35.265-65.557-35.185-65.511Q-35.105-65.464-35.058-65.386Q-35.011-65.307-35.011-65.198Q-35.011-65.077-35.072-64.989Q-35.132-64.901-35.242-64.862\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(196.174 33.876)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-65.172-66.624Q-65.172-66.807-65.036-66.944Q-64.899-67.081-64.707-67.081Q-64.516-67.081-64.383-66.948Q-64.250-66.815-64.250-66.624Q-64.250-66.425-64.383-66.292Q-64.516-66.159-64.707-66.159Q-64.899-66.159-65.036-66.296Q-65.172-66.432-65.172-66.624M-62.539-66.503Q-62.309-66.264-61.762-66.264Q-61.508-66.264-61.286-66.388Q-61.063-66.511-60.893-66.727Q-60.723-66.944-60.629-67.175Q-60.504-67.487-60.465-67.827Q-60.426-68.167-60.426-68.616Q-60.594-68.284-60.877-68.089Q-61.161-67.893-61.500-67.893Q-61.864-67.893-62.176-68.038Q-62.489-68.182-62.711-68.434Q-62.934-68.686-63.057-69.013Q-63.180-69.339-63.180-69.694Q-63.180-70.190-62.938-70.600Q-62.696-71.011-62.278-71.245Q-61.860-71.479-61.364-71.479Q-60.407-71.479-60.026-70.649Q-59.645-69.819-59.645-68.745Q-59.645-68.112-59.895-67.468Q-60.145-66.823-60.627-66.407Q-61.110-65.991-61.762-65.991Q-62.266-65.991-62.616-66.208Q-62.965-66.425-62.965-66.893Q-62.965-67.061-62.852-67.175Q-62.739-67.288-62.571-67.288Q-62.465-67.288-62.373-67.237Q-62.282-67.186-62.231-67.095Q-62.180-67.003-62.180-66.893Q-62.180-66.745-62.282-66.624Q-62.383-66.503-62.539-66.503M-61.461-68.151Q-61.129-68.151-60.897-68.362Q-60.664-68.573-60.553-68.895Q-60.442-69.218-60.442-69.534Q-60.442-69.632-60.454-69.686Q-60.450-69.694-60.446-69.706Q-60.442-69.718-60.442-69.725Q-60.442-69.968-60.485-70.231Q-60.528-70.495-60.629-70.723Q-60.731-70.952-60.912-71.095Q-61.094-71.237-61.364-71.237Q-61.797-71.237-62.024-71.016Q-62.250-70.796-62.323-70.464Q-62.395-70.132-62.395-69.694Q-62.395-69.249-62.338-68.927Q-62.282-68.604-62.077-68.378Q-61.871-68.151-61.461-68.151M-58.493-66.792Q-58.301-66.518-57.946-66.391Q-57.590-66.264-57.207-66.264Q-56.871-66.264-56.662-66.450Q-56.454-66.636-56.358-66.929Q-56.262-67.222-56.262-67.534Q-56.262-67.858-56.360-68.153Q-56.457-68.448-56.670-68.632Q-56.883-68.815-57.215-68.815L-57.782-68.815Q-57.813-68.815-57.842-68.845Q-57.871-68.874-57.871-68.901L-57.871-68.983Q-57.871-69.018-57.842-69.044Q-57.813-69.069-57.782-69.069L-57.301-69.104Q-57.016-69.104-56.819-69.309Q-56.621-69.514-56.526-69.809Q-56.430-70.104-56.430-70.382Q-56.430-70.761-56.629-70.999Q-56.829-71.237-57.207-71.237Q-57.528-71.237-57.817-71.130Q-58.106-71.022-58.270-70.800Q-58.090-70.800-57.967-70.673Q-57.844-70.546-57.844-70.374Q-57.844-70.202-57.969-70.077Q-58.094-69.952-58.270-69.952Q-58.442-69.952-58.567-70.077Q-58.692-70.202-58.692-70.374Q-58.692-70.741-58.467-70.989Q-58.243-71.237-57.903-71.358Q-57.563-71.479-57.207-71.479Q-56.860-71.479-56.496-71.358Q-56.133-71.237-55.885-70.987Q-55.637-70.737-55.637-70.382Q-55.637-69.897-55.955-69.514Q-56.274-69.132-56.750-68.960Q-56.200-68.850-55.799-68.464Q-55.399-68.077-55.399-67.542Q-55.399-67.085-55.662-66.729Q-55.926-66.374-56.348-66.182Q-56.770-65.991-57.207-65.991Q-57.618-65.991-58.010-66.126Q-58.403-66.261-58.668-66.546Q-58.934-66.831-58.934-67.249Q-58.934-67.444-58.801-67.573Q-58.668-67.702-58.477-67.702Q-58.352-67.702-58.248-67.643Q-58.145-67.585-58.082-67.479Q-58.020-67.374-58.020-67.249Q-58.020-67.054-58.155-66.923Q-58.289-66.792-58.493-66.792M-54.200-67.038L-54.262-67.038Q-54.121-66.686-53.797-66.475Q-53.473-66.264-53.086-66.264Q-52.493-66.264-52.243-66.698Q-51.993-67.132-51.993-67.768Q-51.993-68.362-52.162-68.809Q-52.332-69.257-52.832-69.257Q-53.129-69.257-53.334-69.177Q-53.539-69.097-53.641-69.005Q-53.743-68.913-53.858-68.780Q-53.973-68.647-54.024-68.632L-54.094-68.632Q-54.180-68.655-54.200-68.733L-54.200-71.382Q-54.168-71.479-54.094-71.479Q-54.079-71.479-54.071-71.477Q-54.063-71.475-54.055-71.472Q-53.469-71.222-52.871-71.222Q-52.289-71.222-51.672-71.479L-51.649-71.479Q-51.606-71.479-51.579-71.454Q-51.551-71.429-51.551-71.389L-51.551-71.311Q-51.551-71.280-51.575-71.257Q-51.871-70.905-52.293-70.708Q-52.715-70.511-53.176-70.511Q-53.524-70.511-53.903-70.616L-53.903-69.120Q-53.684-69.315-53.409-69.413Q-53.133-69.511-52.832-69.511Q-52.375-69.511-52.006-69.263Q-51.637-69.014-51.430-68.610Q-51.223-68.206-51.223-67.761Q-51.223-67.272-51.479-66.864Q-51.735-66.456-52.166-66.223Q-52.598-65.991-53.086-65.991Q-53.481-65.991-53.836-66.182Q-54.192-66.374-54.403-66.708Q-54.614-67.042-54.614-67.456Q-54.614-67.636-54.496-67.749Q-54.379-67.862-54.200-67.862Q-54.082-67.862-53.991-67.809Q-53.899-67.757-53.846-67.665Q-53.793-67.573-53.793-67.456Q-53.793-67.272-53.907-67.155Q-54.020-67.038-54.200-67.038\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(3.533 48.302)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-64.067-66.190L-65.137-69.046Q-65.204-69.225-65.334-69.268Q-65.465-69.311-65.723-69.311L-65.723-69.608L-64.043-69.608L-64.043-69.311Q-64.493-69.311-64.493-69.112Q-64.489-69.097-64.487-69.079Q-64.485-69.061-64.485-69.046L-63.692-66.952L-62.981-68.862Q-63.016-68.956-63.016-69.001Q-63.016-69.046-63.051-69.046Q-63.118-69.225-63.248-69.268Q-63.379-69.311-63.633-69.311L-63.633-69.608L-62.043-69.608L-62.043-69.311Q-62.493-69.311-62.493-69.112Q-62.489-69.093-62.487-69.075Q-62.485-69.057-62.485-69.046L-61.653-66.831L-60.899-68.831Q-60.875-68.889-60.875-68.960Q-60.875-69.120-61.012-69.216Q-61.149-69.311-61.317-69.311L-61.317-69.608L-59.930-69.608L-59.930-69.311Q-60.164-69.311-60.342-69.184Q-60.520-69.057-60.602-68.831L-61.586-66.190Q-61.641-66.081-61.754-66.081L-61.813-66.081Q-61.926-66.081-61.969-66.190L-62.829-68.464L-63.684-66.190Q-63.723-66.081-63.844-66.081L-63.899-66.081Q-64.012-66.081-64.067-66.190M-57.586-66.159L-59.442-66.159L-59.442-66.456Q-59.168-66.456-59-66.503Q-58.832-66.550-58.832-66.718L-58.832-70.878Q-58.832-71.093-58.895-71.188Q-58.957-71.284-59.077-71.305Q-59.196-71.327-59.442-71.327L-59.442-71.624L-58.219-71.710L-58.219-69.007Q-58.094-69.218-57.907-69.368Q-57.719-69.518-57.493-69.602Q-57.266-69.686-57.020-69.686Q-55.852-69.686-55.852-68.608L-55.852-66.718Q-55.852-66.550-55.682-66.503Q-55.512-66.456-55.243-66.456L-55.243-66.159L-57.098-66.159L-57.098-66.456Q-56.825-66.456-56.657-66.503Q-56.489-66.550-56.489-66.718L-56.489-68.593Q-56.489-68.975-56.610-69.204Q-56.731-69.432-57.082-69.432Q-57.395-69.432-57.649-69.270Q-57.903-69.108-58.049-68.839Q-58.196-68.569-58.196-68.272L-58.196-66.718Q-58.196-66.550-58.026-66.503Q-57.856-66.456-57.586-66.456L-57.586-66.159M-52.938-66.159L-54.715-66.159L-54.715-66.456Q-54.442-66.456-54.274-66.503Q-54.106-66.550-54.106-66.718L-54.106-68.854Q-54.106-69.069-54.162-69.165Q-54.219-69.261-54.332-69.282Q-54.446-69.304-54.692-69.304L-54.692-69.600L-53.493-69.686L-53.493-66.718Q-53.493-66.550-53.346-66.503Q-53.200-66.456-52.938-66.456L-52.938-66.159M-54.379-71.081Q-54.379-71.272-54.245-71.403Q-54.110-71.534-53.914-71.534Q-53.793-71.534-53.690-71.472Q-53.586-71.409-53.524-71.305Q-53.461-71.202-53.461-71.081Q-53.461-70.886-53.592-70.751Q-53.723-70.616-53.914-70.616Q-54.114-70.616-54.246-70.749Q-54.379-70.882-54.379-71.081M-52.395-66.167L-52.395-67.389Q-52.395-67.417-52.364-67.448Q-52.332-67.479-52.309-67.479L-52.204-67.479Q-52.133-67.479-52.118-67.417Q-52.055-67.097-51.916-66.856Q-51.778-66.616-51.545-66.475Q-51.313-66.335-51.004-66.335Q-50.766-66.335-50.557-66.395Q-50.348-66.456-50.211-66.604Q-50.075-66.753-50.075-66.999Q-50.075-67.253-50.286-67.419Q-50.496-67.585-50.766-67.639L-51.387-67.753Q-51.793-67.831-52.094-68.087Q-52.395-68.343-52.395-68.718Q-52.395-69.085-52.194-69.307Q-51.993-69.530-51.668-69.628Q-51.344-69.725-51.004-69.725Q-50.539-69.725-50.243-69.518L-50.020-69.702Q-49.996-69.725-49.965-69.725L-49.914-69.725Q-49.883-69.725-49.856-69.698Q-49.829-69.671-49.829-69.639L-49.829-68.655Q-49.829-68.624-49.854-68.595Q-49.879-68.565-49.914-68.565L-50.020-68.565Q-50.055-68.565-50.082-68.593Q-50.110-68.620-50.110-68.655Q-50.110-69.054-50.362-69.274Q-50.614-69.495-51.012-69.495Q-51.368-69.495-51.651-69.372Q-51.934-69.249-51.934-68.944Q-51.934-68.725-51.733-68.593Q-51.532-68.460-51.286-68.417L-50.661-68.304Q-50.231-68.214-49.922-67.917Q-49.614-67.620-49.614-67.206Q-49.614-66.636-50.012-66.358Q-50.411-66.081-51.004-66.081Q-51.555-66.081-51.907-66.417L-52.204-66.104Q-52.227-66.081-52.262-66.081L-52.309-66.081Q-52.332-66.081-52.364-66.112Q-52.395-66.143-52.395-66.167M-48.461-67.120L-48.461-69.311L-49.164-69.311L-49.164-69.565Q-48.809-69.565-48.567-69.798Q-48.325-70.030-48.213-70.378Q-48.102-70.725-48.102-71.081L-47.821-71.081L-47.821-69.608L-46.645-69.608L-46.645-69.311L-47.821-69.311L-47.821-67.136Q-47.821-66.815-47.702-66.587Q-47.582-66.358-47.301-66.358Q-47.121-66.358-47.004-66.481Q-46.887-66.604-46.834-66.784Q-46.782-66.964-46.782-67.136L-46.782-67.608L-46.500-67.608L-46.500-67.120Q-46.500-66.866-46.606-66.626Q-46.711-66.386-46.909-66.233Q-47.106-66.081-47.364-66.081Q-47.680-66.081-47.932-66.204Q-48.184-66.327-48.323-66.561Q-48.461-66.796-48.461-67.120M-43.868-66.159L-45.700-66.159L-45.700-66.456Q-45.426-66.456-45.258-66.503Q-45.090-66.550-45.090-66.718L-45.090-70.878Q-45.090-71.093-45.153-71.188Q-45.215-71.284-45.334-71.305Q-45.454-71.327-45.700-71.327L-45.700-71.624L-44.477-71.710L-44.477-66.718Q-44.477-66.550-44.309-66.503Q-44.141-66.456-43.868-66.456L-43.868-66.159M-43.422-67.913Q-43.422-68.393-43.190-68.809Q-42.957-69.225-42.547-69.475Q-42.137-69.725-41.661-69.725Q-40.930-69.725-40.532-69.284Q-40.133-68.843-40.133-68.112Q-40.133-68.007-40.227-67.983L-42.676-67.983L-42.676-67.913Q-42.676-67.503-42.555-67.147Q-42.434-66.792-42.162-66.575Q-41.891-66.358-41.461-66.358Q-41.098-66.358-40.801-66.587Q-40.504-66.815-40.403-67.167Q-40.395-67.214-40.309-67.229L-40.227-67.229Q-40.133-67.202-40.133-67.120Q-40.133-67.112-40.141-67.081Q-40.204-66.854-40.342-66.671Q-40.481-66.487-40.672-66.354Q-40.864-66.222-41.082-66.151Q-41.301-66.081-41.539-66.081Q-41.911-66.081-42.248-66.218Q-42.586-66.354-42.854-66.606Q-43.121-66.858-43.272-67.198Q-43.422-67.538-43.422-67.913M-42.668-68.222L-40.707-68.222Q-40.707-68.526-40.809-68.817Q-40.911-69.108-41.127-69.290Q-41.344-69.472-41.661-69.472Q-41.961-69.472-42.192-69.284Q-42.422-69.097-42.545-68.805Q-42.668-68.514-42.668-68.222\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(48.22 48.102)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-65.172-66.624Q-65.172-66.807-65.036-66.944Q-64.899-67.081-64.707-67.081Q-64.516-67.081-64.383-66.948Q-64.250-66.815-64.250-66.624Q-64.250-66.425-64.383-66.292Q-64.516-66.159-64.707-66.159Q-64.899-66.159-65.036-66.296Q-65.172-66.432-65.172-66.624M-61.411-65.991Q-62.082-65.991-62.479-66.415Q-62.875-66.839-63.028-67.458Q-63.180-68.077-63.180-68.745Q-63.180-69.405-62.909-70.038Q-62.637-70.671-62.123-71.075Q-61.610-71.479-60.938-71.479Q-60.649-71.479-60.401-71.380Q-60.153-71.280-60.006-71.079Q-59.860-70.878-59.860-70.573Q-59.860-70.468-59.911-70.376Q-59.961-70.284-60.053-70.233Q-60.145-70.182-60.250-70.182Q-60.418-70.182-60.532-70.296Q-60.645-70.409-60.645-70.573Q-60.645-70.733-60.536-70.850Q-60.426-70.968-60.258-70.968Q-60.457-71.237-60.938-71.237Q-61.356-71.237-61.688-70.960Q-62.020-70.682-62.196-70.264Q-62.395-69.764-62.395-68.862Q-62.231-69.186-61.952-69.386Q-61.672-69.585-61.325-69.585Q-60.840-69.585-60.455-69.339Q-60.071-69.093-59.858-68.684Q-59.645-68.276-59.645-67.792Q-59.645-67.300-59.875-66.888Q-60.106-66.475-60.516-66.233Q-60.926-65.991-61.411-65.991M-61.411-66.264Q-60.985-66.264-60.768-66.485Q-60.551-66.706-60.489-67.032Q-60.426-67.358-60.426-67.792Q-60.426-68.104-60.452-68.354Q-60.477-68.604-60.567-68.829Q-60.657-69.054-60.852-69.190Q-61.047-69.327-61.364-69.327Q-61.692-69.327-61.924-69.118Q-62.157-68.909-62.268-68.591Q-62.379-68.272-62.379-67.960Q-62.375-67.921-62.373-67.888Q-62.371-67.854-62.371-67.800Q-62.371-67.784-62.373-67.776Q-62.375-67.768-62.379-67.761Q-62.379-67.186-62.153-66.725Q-61.926-66.264-61.411-66.264M-58.446-67.038L-58.508-67.038Q-58.368-66.686-58.043-66.475Q-57.719-66.264-57.332-66.264Q-56.739-66.264-56.489-66.698Q-56.239-67.132-56.239-67.768Q-56.239-68.362-56.409-68.809Q-56.579-69.257-57.079-69.257Q-57.375-69.257-57.580-69.177Q-57.786-69.097-57.887-69.005Q-57.989-68.913-58.104-68.780Q-58.219-68.647-58.270-68.632L-58.340-68.632Q-58.426-68.655-58.446-68.733L-58.446-71.382Q-58.414-71.479-58.340-71.479Q-58.325-71.479-58.317-71.477Q-58.309-71.475-58.301-71.472Q-57.715-71.222-57.118-71.222Q-56.536-71.222-55.918-71.479L-55.895-71.479Q-55.852-71.479-55.825-71.454Q-55.797-71.429-55.797-71.389L-55.797-71.311Q-55.797-71.280-55.821-71.257Q-56.118-70.905-56.539-70.708Q-56.961-70.511-57.422-70.511Q-57.770-70.511-58.149-70.616L-58.149-69.120Q-57.930-69.315-57.655-69.413Q-57.379-69.511-57.079-69.511Q-56.621-69.511-56.252-69.263Q-55.883-69.014-55.676-68.610Q-55.469-68.206-55.469-67.761Q-55.469-67.272-55.725-66.864Q-55.981-66.456-56.412-66.223Q-56.844-65.991-57.332-65.991Q-57.727-65.991-58.082-66.182Q-58.438-66.374-58.649-66.708Q-58.860-67.042-58.860-67.456Q-58.860-67.636-58.743-67.749Q-58.625-67.862-58.446-67.862Q-58.329-67.862-58.237-67.809Q-58.145-67.757-58.092-67.665Q-58.039-67.573-58.039-67.456Q-58.039-67.272-58.153-67.155Q-58.266-67.038-58.446-67.038M-54.246-66.792Q-54.055-66.518-53.700-66.391Q-53.344-66.264-52.961-66.264Q-52.625-66.264-52.416-66.450Q-52.207-66.636-52.112-66.929Q-52.016-67.222-52.016-67.534Q-52.016-67.858-52.114-68.153Q-52.211-68.448-52.424-68.632Q-52.637-68.815-52.969-68.815L-53.536-68.815Q-53.567-68.815-53.596-68.845Q-53.625-68.874-53.625-68.901L-53.625-68.983Q-53.625-69.018-53.596-69.044Q-53.567-69.069-53.536-69.069L-53.055-69.104Q-52.770-69.104-52.573-69.309Q-52.375-69.514-52.280-69.809Q-52.184-70.104-52.184-70.382Q-52.184-70.761-52.383-70.999Q-52.582-71.237-52.961-71.237Q-53.282-71.237-53.571-71.130Q-53.860-71.022-54.024-70.800Q-53.844-70.800-53.721-70.673Q-53.598-70.546-53.598-70.374Q-53.598-70.202-53.723-70.077Q-53.848-69.952-54.024-69.952Q-54.196-69.952-54.321-70.077Q-54.446-70.202-54.446-70.374Q-54.446-70.741-54.221-70.989Q-53.996-71.237-53.657-71.358Q-53.317-71.479-52.961-71.479Q-52.614-71.479-52.250-71.358Q-51.887-71.237-51.639-70.987Q-51.391-70.737-51.391-70.382Q-51.391-69.897-51.709-69.514Q-52.028-69.132-52.504-68.960Q-51.954-68.850-51.553-68.464Q-51.153-68.077-51.153-67.542Q-51.153-67.085-51.416-66.729Q-51.680-66.374-52.102-66.182Q-52.524-65.991-52.961-65.991Q-53.371-65.991-53.764-66.126Q-54.157-66.261-54.422-66.546Q-54.688-66.831-54.688-67.249Q-54.688-67.444-54.555-67.573Q-54.422-67.702-54.231-67.702Q-54.106-67.702-54.002-67.643Q-53.899-67.585-53.836-67.479Q-53.774-67.374-53.774-67.249Q-53.774-67.054-53.909-66.923Q-54.043-66.792-54.246-66.792\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(77.51 47.525)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-65.653-67.854Q-65.653-68.358-65.397-68.790Q-65.141-69.222-64.705-69.473Q-64.270-69.725-63.770-69.725Q-63.383-69.725-63.041-69.581Q-62.700-69.436-62.438-69.175Q-62.176-68.913-62.034-68.577Q-61.891-68.241-61.891-67.854Q-61.891-67.362-62.155-66.952Q-62.418-66.542-62.848-66.311Q-63.278-66.081-63.770-66.081Q-64.262-66.081-64.696-66.313Q-65.129-66.546-65.391-66.954Q-65.653-67.362-65.653-67.854M-63.770-66.358Q-63.313-66.358-63.061-66.581Q-62.809-66.804-62.721-67.155Q-62.633-67.507-62.633-67.952Q-62.633-68.382-62.727-68.720Q-62.821-69.057-63.075-69.264Q-63.329-69.472-63.770-69.472Q-64.418-69.472-64.662-69.055Q-64.907-68.639-64.907-67.952Q-64.907-67.507-64.819-67.155Q-64.731-66.804-64.479-66.581Q-64.227-66.358-63.770-66.358M-59.399-66.159L-61.379-66.159L-61.379-66.456Q-61.110-66.456-60.942-66.501Q-60.774-66.546-60.774-66.718L-60.774-68.854Q-60.774-69.069-60.836-69.165Q-60.899-69.261-61.016-69.282Q-61.133-69.304-61.379-69.304L-61.379-69.600L-60.211-69.686L-60.211-68.901Q-60.133-69.112-59.981-69.298Q-59.829-69.483-59.629-69.585Q-59.430-69.686-59.204-69.686Q-58.957-69.686-58.766-69.542Q-58.575-69.397-58.575-69.167Q-58.575-69.011-58.680-68.901Q-58.786-68.792-58.942-68.792Q-59.098-68.792-59.207-68.901Q-59.317-69.011-59.317-69.167Q-59.317-69.327-59.211-69.432Q-59.536-69.432-59.750-69.204Q-59.965-68.975-60.061-68.636Q-60.157-68.296-60.157-67.991L-60.157-66.718Q-60.157-66.550-59.930-66.503Q-59.704-66.456-59.399-66.456L-59.399-66.159M-58.094-65.550Q-58.094-65.831-57.883-66.042Q-57.672-66.253-57.387-66.343Q-57.543-66.468-57.621-66.657Q-57.700-66.847-57.700-67.046Q-57.700-67.401-57.469-67.694Q-57.836-68.034-57.836-68.503Q-57.836-68.854-57.633-69.124Q-57.430-69.393-57.110-69.540Q-56.789-69.686-56.446-69.686Q-55.926-69.686-55.555-69.405Q-55.192-69.776-54.645-69.776Q-54.465-69.776-54.338-69.649Q-54.211-69.522-54.211-69.343Q-54.211-69.237-54.289-69.159Q-54.368-69.081-54.477-69.081Q-54.586-69.081-54.662-69.157Q-54.739-69.233-54.739-69.343Q-54.739-69.444-54.700-69.495Q-54.692-69.503-54.688-69.509Q-54.684-69.514-54.684-69.518Q-55.059-69.518-55.379-69.264Q-55.059-68.925-55.059-68.503Q-55.059-68.233-55.176-68.016Q-55.293-67.800-55.498-67.641Q-55.704-67.483-55.946-67.401Q-56.188-67.319-56.446-67.319Q-56.664-67.319-56.877-67.378Q-57.090-67.436-57.286-67.557Q-57.379-67.417-57.379-67.237Q-57.379-67.030-57.243-66.878Q-57.106-66.725-56.899-66.725L-56.204-66.725Q-55.715-66.725-55.303-66.641Q-54.891-66.557-54.612-66.300Q-54.332-66.042-54.332-65.550Q-54.332-65.186-54.653-64.954Q-54.973-64.722-55.414-64.620Q-55.856-64.518-56.211-64.518Q-56.567-64.518-57.010-64.620Q-57.454-64.722-57.774-64.954Q-58.094-65.186-58.094-65.550M-57.590-65.550Q-57.590-65.354-57.446-65.206Q-57.301-65.057-57.088-64.968Q-56.875-64.878-56.635-64.831Q-56.395-64.784-56.211-64.784Q-55.969-64.784-55.639-64.862Q-55.309-64.940-55.073-65.114Q-54.836-65.288-54.836-65.550Q-54.836-65.956-55.246-66.065Q-55.657-66.175-56.219-66.175L-56.899-66.175Q-57.168-66.175-57.379-65.997Q-57.590-65.819-57.590-65.550M-56.446-67.585Q-55.723-67.585-55.723-68.503Q-55.723-69.425-56.446-69.425Q-57.172-69.425-57.172-68.503Q-57.172-67.585-56.446-67.585M-53.750-66.991Q-53.750-67.475-53.348-67.770Q-52.946-68.065-52.395-68.184Q-51.844-68.304-51.352-68.304L-51.352-68.593Q-51.352-68.819-51.467-69.026Q-51.582-69.233-51.780-69.352Q-51.977-69.472-52.207-69.472Q-52.633-69.472-52.918-69.366Q-52.848-69.339-52.801-69.284Q-52.754-69.229-52.729-69.159Q-52.704-69.089-52.704-69.014Q-52.704-68.909-52.754-68.817Q-52.805-68.725-52.897-68.675Q-52.989-68.624-53.094-68.624Q-53.200-68.624-53.291-68.675Q-53.383-68.725-53.434-68.817Q-53.485-68.909-53.485-69.014Q-53.485-69.432-53.096-69.579Q-52.707-69.725-52.207-69.725Q-51.875-69.725-51.522-69.595Q-51.168-69.464-50.940-69.210Q-50.711-68.956-50.711-68.608L-50.711-66.807Q-50.711-66.675-50.639-66.565Q-50.567-66.456-50.438-66.456Q-50.313-66.456-50.245-66.561Q-50.176-66.667-50.176-66.807L-50.176-67.319L-49.895-67.319L-49.895-66.807Q-49.895-66.604-50.012-66.446Q-50.129-66.288-50.311-66.204Q-50.493-66.120-50.696-66.120Q-50.926-66.120-51.079-66.292Q-51.231-66.464-51.262-66.694Q-51.422-66.413-51.731-66.247Q-52.039-66.081-52.391-66.081Q-52.903-66.081-53.327-66.304Q-53.750-66.526-53.750-66.991M-53.063-66.991Q-53.063-66.706-52.836-66.520Q-52.610-66.335-52.317-66.335Q-52.071-66.335-51.846-66.452Q-51.621-66.569-51.487-66.772Q-51.352-66.975-51.352-67.229L-51.352-68.061Q-51.618-68.061-51.903-68.007Q-52.188-67.952-52.459-67.823Q-52.731-67.694-52.897-67.487Q-53.063-67.280-53.063-66.991M-47.672-66.159L-49.528-66.159L-49.528-66.456Q-49.254-66.456-49.086-66.503Q-48.918-66.550-48.918-66.718L-48.918-68.854Q-48.918-69.069-48.981-69.165Q-49.043-69.261-49.162-69.282Q-49.282-69.304-49.528-69.304L-49.528-69.600L-48.336-69.686L-48.336-68.952Q-48.223-69.167-48.030-69.335Q-47.836-69.503-47.598-69.595Q-47.360-69.686-47.106-69.686Q-45.938-69.686-45.938-68.608L-45.938-66.718Q-45.938-66.550-45.768-66.503Q-45.598-66.456-45.329-66.456L-45.329-66.159L-47.184-66.159L-47.184-66.456Q-46.911-66.456-46.743-66.503Q-46.575-66.550-46.575-66.718L-46.575-68.593Q-46.575-68.975-46.696-69.204Q-46.817-69.432-47.168-69.432Q-47.481-69.432-47.735-69.270Q-47.989-69.108-48.135-68.839Q-48.282-68.569-48.282-68.272L-48.282-66.718Q-48.282-66.550-48.112-66.503Q-47.942-66.456-47.672-66.456L-47.672-66.159M-43.024-66.159L-44.801-66.159L-44.801-66.456Q-44.528-66.456-44.360-66.503Q-44.192-66.550-44.192-66.718L-44.192-68.854Q-44.192-69.069-44.248-69.165Q-44.305-69.261-44.418-69.282Q-44.532-69.304-44.778-69.304L-44.778-69.600L-43.579-69.686L-43.579-66.718Q-43.579-66.550-43.432-66.503Q-43.286-66.456-43.024-66.456L-43.024-66.159M-44.465-71.081Q-44.465-71.272-44.330-71.403Q-44.196-71.534-44-71.534Q-43.879-71.534-43.776-71.472Q-43.672-71.409-43.610-71.305Q-43.547-71.202-43.547-71.081Q-43.547-70.886-43.678-70.751Q-43.809-70.616-44-70.616Q-44.200-70.616-44.332-70.749Q-44.465-70.882-44.465-71.081M-39.489-66.159L-42.411-66.159Q-42.454-66.159-42.489-66.190Q-42.524-66.222-42.524-66.272L-42.524-66.343Q-42.524-66.389-42.489-66.425L-40.176-69.350L-40.891-69.350Q-41.250-69.350-41.471-69.309Q-41.692-69.268-41.838-69.153Q-41.985-69.038-42.057-68.819Q-42.129-68.600-42.129-68.237L-42.411-68.237L-42.313-69.608L-39.481-69.608Q-39.434-69.608-39.403-69.575Q-39.371-69.542-39.371-69.495L-39.371-69.440Q-39.371-69.393-39.395-69.358L-41.715-66.440L-40.954-66.440Q-40.594-66.440-40.354-66.481Q-40.114-66.522-39.930-66.686Q-39.778-66.839-39.717-67.098Q-39.657-67.358-39.625-67.733L-39.348-67.733L-39.489-66.159M-38.746-67.913Q-38.746-68.393-38.514-68.809Q-38.282-69.225-37.871-69.475Q-37.461-69.725-36.985-69.725Q-36.254-69.725-35.856-69.284Q-35.457-68.843-35.457-68.112Q-35.457-68.007-35.551-67.983L-38-67.983L-38-67.913Q-38-67.503-37.879-67.147Q-37.758-66.792-37.487-66.575Q-37.215-66.358-36.786-66.358Q-36.422-66.358-36.125-66.587Q-35.829-66.815-35.727-67.167Q-35.719-67.214-35.633-67.229L-35.551-67.229Q-35.457-67.202-35.457-67.120Q-35.457-67.112-35.465-67.081Q-35.528-66.854-35.666-66.671Q-35.805-66.487-35.996-66.354Q-36.188-66.222-36.407-66.151Q-36.625-66.081-36.864-66.081Q-37.235-66.081-37.573-66.218Q-37.911-66.354-38.178-66.606Q-38.446-66.858-38.596-67.198Q-38.746-67.538-38.746-67.913M-37.993-68.222L-36.032-68.222Q-36.032-68.526-36.133-68.817Q-36.235-69.108-36.452-69.290Q-36.668-69.472-36.985-69.472Q-37.286-69.472-37.516-69.284Q-37.746-69.097-37.870-68.805Q-37.993-68.514-37.993-68.222M-33.153-66.081Q-33.633-66.081-34.041-66.325Q-34.450-66.569-34.688-66.983Q-34.926-67.397-34.926-67.886Q-34.926-68.378-34.668-68.794Q-34.411-69.210-33.979-69.448Q-33.547-69.686-33.055-69.686Q-32.434-69.686-31.985-69.249L-31.985-70.878Q-31.985-71.093-32.047-71.188Q-32.110-71.284-32.227-71.305Q-32.344-71.327-32.590-71.327L-32.590-71.624L-31.368-71.710L-31.368-66.901Q-31.368-66.690-31.305-66.595Q-31.243-66.499-31.125-66.477Q-31.008-66.456-30.758-66.456L-30.758-66.159L-32.008-66.081L-32.008-66.565Q-32.473-66.081-33.153-66.081M-33.086-66.335Q-32.746-66.335-32.454-66.526Q-32.161-66.718-32.008-67.014L-32.008-68.847Q-32.157-69.120-32.418-69.276Q-32.680-69.432-32.993-69.432Q-33.618-69.432-33.901-68.985Q-34.184-68.538-34.184-67.878Q-34.184-67.233-33.932-66.784Q-33.680-66.335-33.086-66.335\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(122.197 48.102)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-65.172-66.624Q-65.172-66.807-65.036-66.944Q-64.899-67.081-64.707-67.081Q-64.516-67.081-64.383-66.948Q-64.250-66.815-64.250-66.624Q-64.250-66.425-64.383-66.292Q-64.516-66.159-64.707-66.159Q-64.899-66.159-65.036-66.296Q-65.172-66.432-65.172-66.624M-62.739-66.792Q-62.547-66.518-62.192-66.391Q-61.836-66.264-61.454-66.264Q-61.118-66.264-60.909-66.450Q-60.700-66.636-60.604-66.929Q-60.508-67.222-60.508-67.534Q-60.508-67.858-60.606-68.153Q-60.704-68.448-60.916-68.632Q-61.129-68.815-61.461-68.815L-62.028-68.815Q-62.059-68.815-62.088-68.845Q-62.118-68.874-62.118-68.901L-62.118-68.983Q-62.118-69.018-62.088-69.044Q-62.059-69.069-62.028-69.069L-61.547-69.104Q-61.262-69.104-61.065-69.309Q-60.868-69.514-60.772-69.809Q-60.676-70.104-60.676-70.382Q-60.676-70.761-60.875-70.999Q-61.075-71.237-61.454-71.237Q-61.774-71.237-62.063-71.130Q-62.352-71.022-62.516-70.800Q-62.336-70.800-62.213-70.673Q-62.090-70.546-62.090-70.374Q-62.090-70.202-62.215-70.077Q-62.340-69.952-62.516-69.952Q-62.688-69.952-62.813-70.077Q-62.938-70.202-62.938-70.374Q-62.938-70.741-62.713-70.989Q-62.489-71.237-62.149-71.358Q-61.809-71.479-61.454-71.479Q-61.106-71.479-60.743-71.358Q-60.379-71.237-60.131-70.987Q-59.883-70.737-59.883-70.382Q-59.883-69.897-60.202-69.514Q-60.520-69.132-60.996-68.960Q-60.446-68.850-60.045-68.464Q-59.645-68.077-59.645-67.542Q-59.645-67.085-59.909-66.729Q-60.172-66.374-60.594-66.182Q-61.016-65.991-61.454-65.991Q-61.864-65.991-62.256-66.126Q-62.649-66.261-62.914-66.546Q-63.180-66.831-63.180-67.249Q-63.180-67.444-63.047-67.573Q-62.914-67.702-62.723-67.702Q-62.598-67.702-62.495-67.643Q-62.391-67.585-62.329-67.479Q-62.266-67.374-62.266-67.249Q-62.266-67.054-62.401-66.923Q-62.536-66.792-62.739-66.792M-58.493-66.792Q-58.301-66.518-57.946-66.391Q-57.590-66.264-57.207-66.264Q-56.871-66.264-56.662-66.450Q-56.454-66.636-56.358-66.929Q-56.262-67.222-56.262-67.534Q-56.262-67.858-56.360-68.153Q-56.457-68.448-56.670-68.632Q-56.883-68.815-57.215-68.815L-57.782-68.815Q-57.813-68.815-57.842-68.845Q-57.871-68.874-57.871-68.901L-57.871-68.983Q-57.871-69.018-57.842-69.044Q-57.813-69.069-57.782-69.069L-57.301-69.104Q-57.016-69.104-56.819-69.309Q-56.621-69.514-56.526-69.809Q-56.430-70.104-56.430-70.382Q-56.430-70.761-56.629-70.999Q-56.829-71.237-57.207-71.237Q-57.528-71.237-57.817-71.130Q-58.106-71.022-58.270-70.800Q-58.090-70.800-57.967-70.673Q-57.844-70.546-57.844-70.374Q-57.844-70.202-57.969-70.077Q-58.094-69.952-58.270-69.952Q-58.442-69.952-58.567-70.077Q-58.692-70.202-58.692-70.374Q-58.692-70.741-58.467-70.989Q-58.243-71.237-57.903-71.358Q-57.563-71.479-57.207-71.479Q-56.860-71.479-56.496-71.358Q-56.133-71.237-55.885-70.987Q-55.637-70.737-55.637-70.382Q-55.637-69.897-55.955-69.514Q-56.274-69.132-56.750-68.960Q-56.200-68.850-55.799-68.464Q-55.399-68.077-55.399-67.542Q-55.399-67.085-55.662-66.729Q-55.926-66.374-56.348-66.182Q-56.770-65.991-57.207-65.991Q-57.618-65.991-58.010-66.126Q-58.403-66.261-58.668-66.546Q-58.934-66.831-58.934-67.249Q-58.934-67.444-58.801-67.573Q-58.668-67.702-58.477-67.702Q-58.352-67.702-58.248-67.643Q-58.145-67.585-58.082-67.479Q-58.020-67.374-58.020-67.249Q-58.020-67.054-58.155-66.923Q-58.289-66.792-58.493-66.792M-53.543-66.382Q-53.543-66.807-53.459-67.257Q-53.375-67.706-53.219-68.124Q-53.063-68.542-52.848-68.929Q-52.633-69.315-52.360-69.671L-51.633-70.624L-52.543-70.624Q-54.039-70.624-54.079-70.585Q-54.149-70.503-54.196-70.313Q-54.243-70.124-54.286-69.847L-54.567-69.847L-54.297-71.565L-54.016-71.565L-54.016-71.542Q-54.016-71.397-53.498-71.354Q-52.981-71.311-52.489-71.311L-50.918-71.311L-50.918-71.120Q-50.926-71.081-50.942-71.054L-52.118-69.518Q-52.418-69.100-52.557-68.593Q-52.696-68.085-52.727-67.591Q-52.758-67.097-52.758-66.382Q-52.758-66.276-52.809-66.184Q-52.860-66.093-52.952-66.042Q-53.043-65.991-53.153-65.991Q-53.258-65.991-53.350-66.042Q-53.442-66.093-53.493-66.184Q-53.543-66.276-53.543-66.382\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(151.488 47.525)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-65.610-66.167L-65.610-67.389Q-65.610-67.417-65.579-67.448Q-65.547-67.479-65.524-67.479L-65.418-67.479Q-65.348-67.479-65.332-67.417Q-65.270-67.097-65.131-66.856Q-64.993-66.616-64.760-66.475Q-64.528-66.335-64.219-66.335Q-63.981-66.335-63.772-66.395Q-63.563-66.456-63.426-66.604Q-63.289-66.753-63.289-66.999Q-63.289-67.253-63.500-67.419Q-63.711-67.585-63.981-67.639L-64.602-67.753Q-65.008-67.831-65.309-68.087Q-65.610-68.343-65.610-68.718Q-65.610-69.085-65.409-69.307Q-65.207-69.530-64.883-69.628Q-64.559-69.725-64.219-69.725Q-63.754-69.725-63.457-69.518L-63.235-69.702Q-63.211-69.725-63.180-69.725L-63.129-69.725Q-63.098-69.725-63.071-69.698Q-63.043-69.671-63.043-69.639L-63.043-68.655Q-63.043-68.624-63.069-68.595Q-63.094-68.565-63.129-68.565L-63.235-68.565Q-63.270-68.565-63.297-68.593Q-63.325-68.620-63.325-68.655Q-63.325-69.054-63.577-69.274Q-63.829-69.495-64.227-69.495Q-64.582-69.495-64.866-69.372Q-65.149-69.249-65.149-68.944Q-65.149-68.725-64.948-68.593Q-64.746-68.460-64.500-68.417L-63.875-68.304Q-63.446-68.214-63.137-67.917Q-62.829-67.620-62.829-67.206Q-62.829-66.636-63.227-66.358Q-63.625-66.081-64.219-66.081Q-64.770-66.081-65.121-66.417L-65.418-66.104Q-65.442-66.081-65.477-66.081L-65.524-66.081Q-65.547-66.081-65.579-66.112Q-65.610-66.143-65.610-66.167M-62.204-66.991Q-62.204-67.475-61.801-67.770Q-61.399-68.065-60.848-68.184Q-60.297-68.304-59.805-68.304L-59.805-68.593Q-59.805-68.819-59.920-69.026Q-60.036-69.233-60.233-69.352Q-60.430-69.472-60.661-69.472Q-61.086-69.472-61.371-69.366Q-61.301-69.339-61.254-69.284Q-61.207-69.229-61.182-69.159Q-61.157-69.089-61.157-69.014Q-61.157-68.909-61.207-68.817Q-61.258-68.725-61.350-68.675Q-61.442-68.624-61.547-68.624Q-61.653-68.624-61.745-68.675Q-61.836-68.725-61.887-68.817Q-61.938-68.909-61.938-69.014Q-61.938-69.432-61.549-69.579Q-61.161-69.725-60.661-69.725Q-60.329-69.725-59.975-69.595Q-59.621-69.464-59.393-69.210Q-59.164-68.956-59.164-68.608L-59.164-66.807Q-59.164-66.675-59.092-66.565Q-59.020-66.456-58.891-66.456Q-58.766-66.456-58.698-66.561Q-58.629-66.667-58.629-66.807L-58.629-67.319L-58.348-67.319L-58.348-66.807Q-58.348-66.604-58.465-66.446Q-58.582-66.288-58.764-66.204Q-58.946-66.120-59.149-66.120Q-59.379-66.120-59.532-66.292Q-59.684-66.464-59.715-66.694Q-59.875-66.413-60.184-66.247Q-60.493-66.081-60.844-66.081Q-61.356-66.081-61.780-66.304Q-62.204-66.526-62.204-66.991M-61.516-66.991Q-61.516-66.706-61.289-66.520Q-61.063-66.335-60.770-66.335Q-60.524-66.335-60.299-66.452Q-60.075-66.569-59.940-66.772Q-59.805-66.975-59.805-67.229L-59.805-68.061Q-60.071-68.061-60.356-68.007Q-60.641-67.952-60.912-67.823Q-61.184-67.694-61.350-67.487Q-61.516-67.280-61.516-66.991M-56.668-66.159L-58.164-66.159L-58.164-66.456Q-57.532-66.456-57.110-66.936L-56.340-67.847L-57.332-69.046Q-57.489-69.225-57.651-69.268Q-57.813-69.311-58.118-69.311L-58.118-69.608L-56.430-69.608L-56.430-69.311Q-56.524-69.311-56.600-69.268Q-56.676-69.225-56.676-69.136Q-56.676-69.093-56.645-69.046L-55.989-68.257L-55.508-68.831Q-55.391-68.968-55.391-69.104Q-55.391-69.194-55.442-69.253Q-55.493-69.311-55.575-69.311L-55.575-69.608L-54.086-69.608L-54.086-69.311Q-54.723-69.311-55.133-68.831L-55.813-68.030L-54.727-66.718Q-54.567-66.542-54.407-66.499Q-54.246-66.456-53.942-66.456L-53.942-66.159L-55.629-66.159L-55.629-66.456Q-55.539-66.456-55.461-66.499Q-55.383-66.542-55.383-66.632Q-55.383-66.655-55.414-66.718L-56.157-67.624L-56.743-66.936Q-56.860-66.800-56.860-66.663Q-56.860-66.577-56.809-66.516Q-56.758-66.456-56.668-66.456L-56.668-66.159M-53.575-67.854Q-53.575-68.358-53.319-68.790Q-53.063-69.222-52.627-69.473Q-52.192-69.725-51.692-69.725Q-51.305-69.725-50.963-69.581Q-50.621-69.436-50.360-69.175Q-50.098-68.913-49.955-68.577Q-49.813-68.241-49.813-67.854Q-49.813-67.362-50.077-66.952Q-50.340-66.542-50.770-66.311Q-51.200-66.081-51.692-66.081Q-52.184-66.081-52.618-66.313Q-53.051-66.546-53.313-66.954Q-53.575-67.362-53.575-67.854M-51.692-66.358Q-51.235-66.358-50.983-66.581Q-50.731-66.804-50.643-67.155Q-50.555-67.507-50.555-67.952Q-50.555-68.382-50.649-68.720Q-50.743-69.057-50.996-69.264Q-51.250-69.472-51.692-69.472Q-52.340-69.472-52.584-69.055Q-52.829-68.639-52.829-67.952Q-52.829-67.507-52.741-67.155Q-52.653-66.804-52.401-66.581Q-52.149-66.358-51.692-66.358M-47.446-64.608L-49.301-64.608L-49.301-64.901Q-49.032-64.901-48.864-64.946Q-48.696-64.991-48.696-65.167L-48.696-68.991Q-48.696-69.198-48.852-69.251Q-49.008-69.304-49.301-69.304L-49.301-69.600L-48.079-69.686L-48.079-69.222Q-47.848-69.444-47.534-69.565Q-47.219-69.686-46.879-69.686Q-46.407-69.686-46.002-69.440Q-45.598-69.194-45.366-68.778Q-45.133-68.362-45.133-67.886Q-45.133-67.511-45.282-67.182Q-45.430-66.854-45.700-66.602Q-45.969-66.350-46.313-66.216Q-46.657-66.081-47.016-66.081Q-47.305-66.081-47.577-66.202Q-47.848-66.323-48.055-66.534L-48.055-65.167Q-48.055-64.991-47.887-64.946Q-47.719-64.901-47.446-64.901L-47.446-64.608M-48.055-68.823L-48.055-66.983Q-47.903-66.694-47.641-66.514Q-47.379-66.335-47.071-66.335Q-46.786-66.335-46.563-66.473Q-46.340-66.612-46.188-66.843Q-46.036-67.073-45.957-67.345Q-45.879-67.616-45.879-67.886Q-45.879-68.218-46.004-68.575Q-46.129-68.932-46.377-69.169Q-46.625-69.405-46.973-69.405Q-47.297-69.405-47.592-69.249Q-47.887-69.093-48.055-68.823M-42.680-66.159L-44.536-66.159L-44.536-66.456Q-44.262-66.456-44.094-66.503Q-43.926-66.550-43.926-66.718L-43.926-70.878Q-43.926-71.093-43.989-71.188Q-44.051-71.284-44.170-71.305Q-44.289-71.327-44.536-71.327L-44.536-71.624L-43.313-71.710L-43.313-69.007Q-43.188-69.218-43-69.368Q-42.813-69.518-42.586-69.602Q-42.360-69.686-42.114-69.686Q-40.946-69.686-40.946-68.608L-40.946-66.718Q-40.946-66.550-40.776-66.503Q-40.606-66.456-40.336-66.456L-40.336-66.159L-42.192-66.159L-42.192-66.456Q-41.918-66.456-41.750-66.503Q-41.582-66.550-41.582-66.718L-41.582-68.593Q-41.582-68.975-41.704-69.204Q-41.825-69.432-42.176-69.432Q-42.489-69.432-42.743-69.270Q-42.996-69.108-43.143-68.839Q-43.289-68.569-43.289-68.272L-43.289-66.718Q-43.289-66.550-43.120-66.503Q-42.950-66.456-42.680-66.456L-42.680-66.159M-39.891-67.854Q-39.891-68.358-39.635-68.790Q-39.379-69.222-38.944-69.473Q-38.508-69.725-38.008-69.725Q-37.621-69.725-37.280-69.581Q-36.938-69.436-36.676-69.175Q-36.414-68.913-36.272-68.577Q-36.129-68.241-36.129-67.854Q-36.129-67.362-36.393-66.952Q-36.657-66.542-37.086-66.311Q-37.516-66.081-38.008-66.081Q-38.500-66.081-38.934-66.313Q-39.368-66.546-39.629-66.954Q-39.891-67.362-39.891-67.854M-38.008-66.358Q-37.551-66.358-37.299-66.581Q-37.047-66.804-36.959-67.155Q-36.871-67.507-36.871-67.952Q-36.871-68.382-36.965-68.720Q-37.059-69.057-37.313-69.264Q-37.567-69.472-38.008-69.472Q-38.657-69.472-38.901-69.055Q-39.145-68.639-39.145-67.952Q-39.145-67.507-39.057-67.155Q-38.969-66.804-38.717-66.581Q-38.465-66.358-38.008-66.358M-33.715-66.159L-35.571-66.159L-35.571-66.456Q-35.297-66.456-35.129-66.503Q-34.961-66.550-34.961-66.718L-34.961-68.854Q-34.961-69.069-35.024-69.165Q-35.086-69.261-35.205-69.282Q-35.325-69.304-35.571-69.304L-35.571-69.600L-34.379-69.686L-34.379-68.952Q-34.266-69.167-34.073-69.335Q-33.879-69.503-33.641-69.595Q-33.403-69.686-33.149-69.686Q-31.981-69.686-31.981-68.608L-31.981-66.718Q-31.981-66.550-31.811-66.503Q-31.641-66.456-31.371-66.456L-31.371-66.159L-33.227-66.159L-33.227-66.456Q-32.954-66.456-32.786-66.503Q-32.618-66.550-32.618-66.718L-32.618-68.593Q-32.618-68.975-32.739-69.204Q-32.860-69.432-33.211-69.432Q-33.524-69.432-33.778-69.270Q-34.032-69.108-34.178-68.839Q-34.325-68.569-34.325-68.272L-34.325-66.718Q-34.325-66.550-34.155-66.503Q-33.985-66.456-33.715-66.456L-33.715-66.159M-30.926-67.913Q-30.926-68.393-30.694-68.809Q-30.461-69.225-30.051-69.475Q-29.641-69.725-29.164-69.725Q-28.434-69.725-28.036-69.284Q-27.637-68.843-27.637-68.112Q-27.637-68.007-27.731-67.983L-30.180-67.983L-30.180-67.913Q-30.180-67.503-30.059-67.147Q-29.938-66.792-29.666-66.575Q-29.395-66.358-28.965-66.358Q-28.602-66.358-28.305-66.587Q-28.008-66.815-27.907-67.167Q-27.899-67.214-27.813-67.229L-27.731-67.229Q-27.637-67.202-27.637-67.120Q-27.637-67.112-27.645-67.081Q-27.707-66.854-27.846-66.671Q-27.985-66.487-28.176-66.354Q-28.368-66.222-28.586-66.151Q-28.805-66.081-29.043-66.081Q-29.414-66.081-29.752-66.218Q-30.090-66.354-30.358-66.606Q-30.625-66.858-30.776-67.198Q-30.926-67.538-30.926-67.913M-30.172-68.222L-28.211-68.222Q-28.211-68.526-28.313-68.817Q-28.414-69.108-28.631-69.290Q-28.848-69.472-29.164-69.472Q-29.465-69.472-29.696-69.284Q-29.926-69.097-30.049-68.805Q-30.172-68.514-30.172-68.222\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(196.174 48.102)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-65.172-66.624Q-65.172-66.807-65.036-66.944Q-64.899-67.081-64.707-67.081Q-64.516-67.081-64.383-66.948Q-64.250-66.815-64.250-66.624Q-64.250-66.425-64.383-66.292Q-64.516-66.159-64.707-66.159Q-64.899-66.159-65.036-66.296Q-65.172-66.432-65.172-66.624M-61.051-67.472L-63.293-67.472L-63.293-67.768L-60.723-71.425Q-60.684-71.479-60.621-71.479L-60.477-71.479Q-60.426-71.479-60.395-71.448Q-60.364-71.417-60.364-71.366L-60.364-67.768L-59.532-67.768L-59.532-67.472L-60.364-67.472L-60.364-66.718Q-60.364-66.456-59.539-66.456L-59.539-66.159L-61.875-66.159L-61.875-66.456Q-61.051-66.456-61.051-66.718L-61.051-67.472M-60.996-70.573L-62.965-67.768L-60.996-67.768L-60.996-70.573M-58.934-67.382Q-58.934-67.878-58.608-68.243Q-58.282-68.608-57.758-68.854L-58.028-69.014Q-58.325-69.198-58.508-69.493Q-58.692-69.788-58.692-70.128Q-58.692-70.522-58.473-70.833Q-58.254-71.143-57.901-71.311Q-57.547-71.479-57.164-71.479Q-56.891-71.479-56.618-71.401Q-56.344-71.323-56.127-71.175Q-55.911-71.026-55.774-70.800Q-55.637-70.573-55.637-70.280Q-55.637-69.874-55.907-69.567Q-56.176-69.261-56.598-69.046L-56.149-68.776Q-55.930-68.639-55.762-68.446Q-55.594-68.253-55.496-68.014Q-55.399-67.776-55.399-67.518Q-55.399-67.179-55.549-66.891Q-55.700-66.604-55.946-66.407Q-56.192-66.210-56.516-66.100Q-56.840-65.991-57.164-65.991Q-57.594-65.991-58-66.153Q-58.407-66.315-58.670-66.634Q-58.934-66.952-58.934-67.382M-58.446-67.382Q-58.446-66.897-58.055-66.581Q-57.664-66.264-57.164-66.264Q-56.871-66.264-56.573-66.376Q-56.274-66.487-56.080-66.706Q-55.887-66.925-55.887-67.237Q-55.887-67.468-56.028-67.679Q-56.168-67.889-56.375-68.007L-57.485-68.686Q-57.903-68.483-58.174-68.147Q-58.446-67.811-58.446-67.382M-57.860-69.815L-56.871-69.214Q-56.524-69.397-56.297-69.667Q-56.071-69.936-56.071-70.280Q-56.071-70.499-56.162-70.675Q-56.254-70.850-56.409-70.973Q-56.563-71.097-56.764-71.167Q-56.965-71.237-57.164-71.237Q-57.571-71.237-57.916-71.026Q-58.262-70.815-58.262-70.432Q-58.262-70.249-58.151-70.087Q-58.039-69.925-57.860-69.815M-51.454-66.159L-54.614-66.159L-54.614-66.366Q-54.614-66.393-54.590-66.425L-53.239-67.823Q-52.860-68.210-52.612-68.499Q-52.364-68.788-52.190-69.145Q-52.016-69.503-52.016-69.893Q-52.016-70.241-52.149-70.534Q-52.282-70.827-52.536-71.005Q-52.789-71.182-53.145-71.182Q-53.504-71.182-53.795-70.987Q-54.086-70.792-54.231-70.464L-54.176-70.464Q-53.993-70.464-53.868-70.343Q-53.743-70.222-53.743-70.030Q-53.743-69.850-53.868-69.722Q-53.993-69.593-54.176-69.593Q-54.356-69.593-54.485-69.722Q-54.614-69.850-54.614-70.030Q-54.614-70.432-54.393-70.768Q-54.172-71.104-53.807-71.292Q-53.442-71.479-53.039-71.479Q-52.559-71.479-52.143-71.292Q-51.727-71.104-51.475-70.743Q-51.223-70.382-51.223-69.893Q-51.223-69.534-51.377-69.231Q-51.532-68.929-51.784-68.669Q-52.036-68.409-52.385-68.124Q-52.735-67.839-52.903-67.686L-53.832-66.847L-53.118-66.847Q-51.743-66.847-51.704-66.886Q-51.633-66.964-51.590-67.149Q-51.547-67.335-51.504-67.624L-51.223-67.624\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(3.533 62.529)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-65.610-67.886Q-65.610-68.382-65.360-68.807Q-65.110-69.233-64.690-69.479Q-64.270-69.725-63.770-69.725Q-63.231-69.725-62.840-69.600Q-62.450-69.475-62.450-69.061Q-62.450-68.956-62.500-68.864Q-62.551-68.772-62.643-68.722Q-62.735-68.671-62.844-68.671Q-62.950-68.671-63.041-68.722Q-63.133-68.772-63.184-68.864Q-63.235-68.956-63.235-69.061Q-63.235-69.284-63.067-69.389Q-63.289-69.448-63.762-69.448Q-64.059-69.448-64.274-69.309Q-64.489-69.171-64.620-68.940Q-64.750-68.710-64.809-68.440Q-64.868-68.171-64.868-67.886Q-64.868-67.491-64.735-67.141Q-64.602-66.792-64.330-66.575Q-64.059-66.358-63.661-66.358Q-63.286-66.358-63.010-66.575Q-62.735-66.792-62.633-67.151Q-62.618-67.214-62.555-67.214L-62.450-67.214Q-62.414-67.214-62.389-67.186Q-62.364-67.159-62.364-67.120L-62.364-67.097Q-62.496-66.616-62.881-66.348Q-63.266-66.081-63.770-66.081Q-64.133-66.081-64.467-66.218Q-64.801-66.354-65.061-66.604Q-65.321-66.854-65.465-67.190Q-65.610-67.526-65.610-67.886M-61.875-67.854Q-61.875-68.358-61.620-68.790Q-61.364-69.222-60.928-69.473Q-60.493-69.725-59.993-69.725Q-59.606-69.725-59.264-69.581Q-58.922-69.436-58.661-69.175Q-58.399-68.913-58.256-68.577Q-58.114-68.241-58.114-67.854Q-58.114-67.362-58.377-66.952Q-58.641-66.542-59.071-66.311Q-59.500-66.081-59.993-66.081Q-60.485-66.081-60.918-66.313Q-61.352-66.546-61.614-66.954Q-61.875-67.362-61.875-67.854M-59.993-66.358Q-59.536-66.358-59.284-66.581Q-59.032-66.804-58.944-67.155Q-58.856-67.507-58.856-67.952Q-58.856-68.382-58.950-68.720Q-59.043-69.057-59.297-69.264Q-59.551-69.472-59.993-69.472Q-60.641-69.472-60.885-69.055Q-61.129-68.639-61.129-67.952Q-61.129-67.507-61.041-67.155Q-60.954-66.804-60.702-66.581Q-60.450-66.358-59.993-66.358M-55.700-66.159L-57.555-66.159L-57.555-66.456Q-57.282-66.456-57.114-66.503Q-56.946-66.550-56.946-66.718L-56.946-68.854Q-56.946-69.069-57.008-69.165Q-57.071-69.261-57.190-69.282Q-57.309-69.304-57.555-69.304L-57.555-69.600L-56.364-69.686L-56.364-68.952Q-56.250-69.167-56.057-69.335Q-55.864-69.503-55.625-69.595Q-55.387-69.686-55.133-69.686Q-53.965-69.686-53.965-68.608L-53.965-66.718Q-53.965-66.550-53.795-66.503Q-53.625-66.456-53.356-66.456L-53.356-66.159L-55.211-66.159L-55.211-66.456Q-54.938-66.456-54.770-66.503Q-54.602-66.550-54.602-66.718L-54.602-68.593Q-54.602-68.975-54.723-69.204Q-54.844-69.432-55.196-69.432Q-55.508-69.432-55.762-69.270Q-56.016-69.108-56.162-68.839Q-56.309-68.569-56.309-68.272L-56.309-66.718Q-56.309-66.550-56.139-66.503Q-55.969-66.456-55.700-66.456L-55.700-66.159M-52.868-66.167L-52.868-67.389Q-52.868-67.417-52.836-67.448Q-52.805-67.479-52.782-67.479L-52.676-67.479Q-52.606-67.479-52.590-67.417Q-52.528-67.097-52.389-66.856Q-52.250-66.616-52.018-66.475Q-51.786-66.335-51.477-66.335Q-51.239-66.335-51.030-66.395Q-50.821-66.456-50.684-66.604Q-50.547-66.753-50.547-66.999Q-50.547-67.253-50.758-67.419Q-50.969-67.585-51.239-67.639L-51.860-67.753Q-52.266-67.831-52.567-68.087Q-52.868-68.343-52.868-68.718Q-52.868-69.085-52.666-69.307Q-52.465-69.530-52.141-69.628Q-51.817-69.725-51.477-69.725Q-51.012-69.725-50.715-69.518L-50.493-69.702Q-50.469-69.725-50.438-69.725L-50.387-69.725Q-50.356-69.725-50.329-69.698Q-50.301-69.671-50.301-69.639L-50.301-68.655Q-50.301-68.624-50.327-68.595Q-50.352-68.565-50.387-68.565L-50.493-68.565Q-50.528-68.565-50.555-68.593Q-50.582-68.620-50.582-68.655Q-50.582-69.054-50.834-69.274Q-51.086-69.495-51.485-69.495Q-51.840-69.495-52.123-69.372Q-52.407-69.249-52.407-68.944Q-52.407-68.725-52.205-68.593Q-52.004-68.460-51.758-68.417L-51.133-68.304Q-50.704-68.214-50.395-67.917Q-50.086-67.620-50.086-67.206Q-50.086-66.636-50.485-66.358Q-50.883-66.081-51.477-66.081Q-52.028-66.081-52.379-66.417L-52.676-66.104Q-52.700-66.081-52.735-66.081L-52.782-66.081Q-52.805-66.081-52.836-66.112Q-52.868-66.143-52.868-66.167M-49.559-67.854Q-49.559-68.358-49.303-68.790Q-49.047-69.222-48.612-69.473Q-48.176-69.725-47.676-69.725Q-47.289-69.725-46.948-69.581Q-46.606-69.436-46.344-69.175Q-46.082-68.913-45.940-68.577Q-45.797-68.241-45.797-67.854Q-45.797-67.362-46.061-66.952Q-46.325-66.542-46.754-66.311Q-47.184-66.081-47.676-66.081Q-48.168-66.081-48.602-66.313Q-49.036-66.546-49.297-66.954Q-49.559-67.362-49.559-67.854M-47.676-66.358Q-47.219-66.358-46.967-66.581Q-46.715-66.804-46.627-67.155Q-46.539-67.507-46.539-67.952Q-46.539-68.382-46.633-68.720Q-46.727-69.057-46.981-69.264Q-47.235-69.472-47.676-69.472Q-48.325-69.472-48.569-69.055Q-48.813-68.639-48.813-67.952Q-48.813-67.507-48.725-67.155Q-48.637-66.804-48.385-66.581Q-48.133-66.358-47.676-66.358M-43.399-66.159L-45.231-66.159L-45.231-66.456Q-44.957-66.456-44.789-66.503Q-44.621-66.550-44.621-66.718L-44.621-70.878Q-44.621-71.093-44.684-71.188Q-44.746-71.284-44.866-71.305Q-44.985-71.327-45.231-71.327L-45.231-71.624L-44.008-71.710L-44.008-66.718Q-44.008-66.550-43.840-66.503Q-43.672-66.456-43.399-66.456L-43.399-66.159M-42.856-66.991Q-42.856-67.475-42.454-67.770Q-42.051-68.065-41.500-68.184Q-40.950-68.304-40.457-68.304L-40.457-68.593Q-40.457-68.819-40.573-69.026Q-40.688-69.233-40.885-69.352Q-41.082-69.472-41.313-69.472Q-41.739-69.472-42.024-69.366Q-41.954-69.339-41.907-69.284Q-41.860-69.229-41.834-69.159Q-41.809-69.089-41.809-69.014Q-41.809-68.909-41.860-68.817Q-41.911-68.725-42.002-68.675Q-42.094-68.624-42.200-68.624Q-42.305-68.624-42.397-68.675Q-42.489-68.725-42.539-68.817Q-42.590-68.909-42.590-69.014Q-42.590-69.432-42.202-69.579Q-41.813-69.725-41.313-69.725Q-40.981-69.725-40.627-69.595Q-40.274-69.464-40.045-69.210Q-39.817-68.956-39.817-68.608L-39.817-66.807Q-39.817-66.675-39.745-66.565Q-39.672-66.456-39.543-66.456Q-39.418-66.456-39.350-66.561Q-39.282-66.667-39.282-66.807L-39.282-67.319L-39-67.319L-39-66.807Q-39-66.604-39.118-66.446Q-39.235-66.288-39.416-66.204Q-39.598-66.120-39.801-66.120Q-40.032-66.120-40.184-66.292Q-40.336-66.464-40.368-66.694Q-40.528-66.413-40.836-66.247Q-41.145-66.081-41.496-66.081Q-42.008-66.081-42.432-66.304Q-42.856-66.526-42.856-66.991M-42.168-66.991Q-42.168-66.706-41.942-66.520Q-41.715-66.335-41.422-66.335Q-41.176-66.335-40.952-66.452Q-40.727-66.569-40.592-66.772Q-40.457-66.975-40.457-67.229L-40.457-68.061Q-40.723-68.061-41.008-68.007Q-41.293-67.952-41.565-67.823Q-41.836-67.694-42.002-67.487Q-42.168-67.280-42.168-66.991M-38.082-67.120L-38.082-69.311L-38.786-69.311L-38.786-69.565Q-38.430-69.565-38.188-69.798Q-37.946-70.030-37.834-70.378Q-37.723-70.725-37.723-71.081L-37.442-71.081L-37.442-69.608L-36.266-69.608L-36.266-69.311L-37.442-69.311L-37.442-67.136Q-37.442-66.815-37.323-66.587Q-37.204-66.358-36.922-66.358Q-36.743-66.358-36.625-66.481Q-36.508-66.604-36.455-66.784Q-36.403-66.964-36.403-67.136L-36.403-67.608L-36.121-67.608L-36.121-67.120Q-36.121-66.866-36.227-66.626Q-36.332-66.386-36.530-66.233Q-36.727-66.081-36.985-66.081Q-37.301-66.081-37.553-66.204Q-37.805-66.327-37.944-66.561Q-38.082-66.796-38.082-67.120M-33.543-66.159L-35.321-66.159L-35.321-66.456Q-35.047-66.456-34.879-66.503Q-34.711-66.550-34.711-66.718L-34.711-68.854Q-34.711-69.069-34.768-69.165Q-34.825-69.261-34.938-69.282Q-35.051-69.304-35.297-69.304L-35.297-69.600L-34.098-69.686L-34.098-66.718Q-34.098-66.550-33.952-66.503Q-33.805-66.456-33.543-66.456L-33.543-66.159M-34.985-71.081Q-34.985-71.272-34.850-71.403Q-34.715-71.534-34.520-71.534Q-34.399-71.534-34.295-71.472Q-34.192-71.409-34.129-71.305Q-34.067-71.202-34.067-71.081Q-34.067-70.886-34.198-70.751Q-34.329-70.616-34.520-70.616Q-34.719-70.616-34.852-70.749Q-34.985-70.882-34.985-71.081M-33.043-67.854Q-33.043-68.358-32.787-68.790Q-32.532-69.222-32.096-69.473Q-31.661-69.725-31.161-69.725Q-30.774-69.725-30.432-69.581Q-30.090-69.436-29.829-69.175Q-29.567-68.913-29.424-68.577Q-29.282-68.241-29.282-67.854Q-29.282-67.362-29.545-66.952Q-29.809-66.542-30.239-66.311Q-30.668-66.081-31.161-66.081Q-31.653-66.081-32.086-66.313Q-32.520-66.546-32.782-66.954Q-33.043-67.362-33.043-67.854M-31.161-66.358Q-30.704-66.358-30.452-66.581Q-30.200-66.804-30.112-67.155Q-30.024-67.507-30.024-67.952Q-30.024-68.382-30.118-68.720Q-30.211-69.057-30.465-69.264Q-30.719-69.472-31.161-69.472Q-31.809-69.472-32.053-69.055Q-32.297-68.639-32.297-67.952Q-32.297-67.507-32.209-67.155Q-32.121-66.804-31.870-66.581Q-31.618-66.358-31.161-66.358M-26.868-66.159L-28.723-66.159L-28.723-66.456Q-28.450-66.456-28.282-66.503Q-28.114-66.550-28.114-66.718L-28.114-68.854Q-28.114-69.069-28.176-69.165Q-28.239-69.261-28.358-69.282Q-28.477-69.304-28.723-69.304L-28.723-69.600L-27.532-69.686L-27.532-68.952Q-27.418-69.167-27.225-69.335Q-27.032-69.503-26.793-69.595Q-26.555-69.686-26.301-69.686Q-25.133-69.686-25.133-68.608L-25.133-66.718Q-25.133-66.550-24.963-66.503Q-24.793-66.456-24.524-66.456L-24.524-66.159L-26.379-66.159L-26.379-66.456Q-26.106-66.456-25.938-66.503Q-25.770-66.550-25.770-66.718L-25.770-68.593Q-25.770-68.975-25.891-69.204Q-26.012-69.432-26.364-69.432Q-26.676-69.432-26.930-69.270Q-27.184-69.108-27.330-68.839Q-27.477-68.569-27.477-68.272L-27.477-66.718Q-27.477-66.550-27.307-66.503Q-27.137-66.456-26.868-66.456\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(48.22 62.329)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-65.172-66.624Q-65.172-66.807-65.036-66.944Q-64.899-67.081-64.707-67.081Q-64.516-67.081-64.383-66.948Q-64.250-66.815-64.250-66.624Q-64.250-66.425-64.383-66.292Q-64.516-66.159-64.707-66.159Q-64.899-66.159-65.036-66.296Q-65.172-66.432-65.172-66.624M-61.051-67.472L-63.293-67.472L-63.293-67.768L-60.723-71.425Q-60.684-71.479-60.621-71.479L-60.477-71.479Q-60.426-71.479-60.395-71.448Q-60.364-71.417-60.364-71.366L-60.364-67.768L-59.532-67.768L-59.532-67.472L-60.364-67.472L-60.364-66.718Q-60.364-66.456-59.539-66.456L-59.539-66.159L-61.875-66.159L-61.875-66.456Q-61.051-66.456-61.051-66.718L-61.051-67.472M-60.996-70.573L-62.965-67.768L-60.996-67.768L-60.996-70.573M-57.164-65.991Q-57.868-65.991-58.268-66.391Q-58.668-66.792-58.813-67.401Q-58.957-68.011-58.957-68.710Q-58.957-69.233-58.887-69.696Q-58.817-70.159-58.623-70.571Q-58.430-70.983-58.073-71.231Q-57.715-71.479-57.164-71.479Q-56.614-71.479-56.256-71.231Q-55.899-70.983-55.707-70.573Q-55.516-70.163-55.446-69.694Q-55.375-69.225-55.375-68.710Q-55.375-68.011-55.518-67.403Q-55.661-66.796-56.061-66.393Q-56.461-65.991-57.164-65.991M-57.164-66.249Q-56.692-66.249-56.459-66.684Q-56.227-67.120-56.172-67.659Q-56.118-68.198-56.118-68.839Q-56.118-69.835-56.301-70.528Q-56.485-71.222-57.164-71.222Q-57.532-71.222-57.752-70.983Q-57.973-70.745-58.069-70.388Q-58.164-70.030-58.190-69.659Q-58.215-69.288-58.215-68.839Q-58.215-68.198-58.161-67.659Q-58.106-67.120-57.873-66.684Q-57.641-66.249-57.164-66.249M-54.688-67.382Q-54.688-67.878-54.362-68.243Q-54.036-68.608-53.512-68.854L-53.782-69.014Q-54.079-69.198-54.262-69.493Q-54.446-69.788-54.446-70.128Q-54.446-70.522-54.227-70.833Q-54.008-71.143-53.655-71.311Q-53.301-71.479-52.918-71.479Q-52.645-71.479-52.371-71.401Q-52.098-71.323-51.881-71.175Q-51.664-71.026-51.528-70.800Q-51.391-70.573-51.391-70.280Q-51.391-69.874-51.661-69.567Q-51.930-69.261-52.352-69.046L-51.903-68.776Q-51.684-68.639-51.516-68.446Q-51.348-68.253-51.250-68.014Q-51.153-67.776-51.153-67.518Q-51.153-67.179-51.303-66.891Q-51.454-66.604-51.700-66.407Q-51.946-66.210-52.270-66.100Q-52.594-65.991-52.918-65.991Q-53.348-65.991-53.754-66.153Q-54.161-66.315-54.424-66.634Q-54.688-66.952-54.688-67.382M-54.200-67.382Q-54.200-66.897-53.809-66.581Q-53.418-66.264-52.918-66.264Q-52.625-66.264-52.327-66.376Q-52.028-66.487-51.834-66.706Q-51.641-66.925-51.641-67.237Q-51.641-67.468-51.782-67.679Q-51.922-67.889-52.129-68.007L-53.239-68.686Q-53.657-68.483-53.928-68.147Q-54.200-67.811-54.200-67.382M-53.614-69.815L-52.625-69.214Q-52.278-69.397-52.051-69.667Q-51.825-69.936-51.825-70.280Q-51.825-70.499-51.916-70.675Q-52.008-70.850-52.162-70.973Q-52.317-71.097-52.518-71.167Q-52.719-71.237-52.918-71.237Q-53.325-71.237-53.670-71.026Q-54.016-70.815-54.016-70.432Q-54.016-70.249-53.905-70.087Q-53.793-69.925-53.614-69.815\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr8\" font-size=\"8\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(77.51 62.529)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-65.653-67.913Q-65.653-68.393-65.420-68.809Q-65.188-69.225-64.778-69.475Q-64.368-69.725-63.891-69.725Q-63.161-69.725-62.762-69.284Q-62.364-68.843-62.364-68.112Q-62.364-68.007-62.457-67.983L-64.907-67.983L-64.907-67.913Q-64.907-67.503-64.786-67.147Q-64.664-66.792-64.393-66.575Q-64.121-66.358-63.692-66.358Q-63.329-66.358-63.032-66.587Q-62.735-66.815-62.633-67.167Q-62.625-67.214-62.539-67.229L-62.457-67.229Q-62.364-67.202-62.364-67.120Q-62.364-67.112-62.371-67.081Q-62.434-66.854-62.573-66.671Q-62.711-66.487-62.903-66.354Q-63.094-66.222-63.313-66.151Q-63.532-66.081-63.770-66.081Q-64.141-66.081-64.479-66.218Q-64.817-66.354-65.084-66.606Q-65.352-66.858-65.502-67.198Q-65.653-67.538-65.653-67.913M-64.899-68.222L-62.938-68.222Q-62.938-68.526-63.039-68.817Q-63.141-69.108-63.358-69.290Q-63.575-69.472-63.891-69.472Q-64.192-69.472-64.422-69.284Q-64.653-69.097-64.776-68.805Q-64.899-68.514-64.899-68.222M-59.809-66.159L-61.793-66.159L-61.793-66.456Q-61.520-66.456-61.352-66.503Q-61.184-66.550-61.184-66.718L-61.184-69.311L-61.825-69.311L-61.825-69.608L-61.184-69.608L-61.184-70.542Q-61.184-70.807-61.067-71.044Q-60.950-71.280-60.756-71.444Q-60.563-71.608-60.315-71.700Q-60.067-71.792-59.801-71.792Q-59.516-71.792-59.291-71.634Q-59.067-71.475-59.067-71.198Q-59.067-71.042-59.172-70.932Q-59.278-70.823-59.442-70.823Q-59.598-70.823-59.707-70.932Q-59.817-71.042-59.817-71.198Q-59.817-71.405-59.657-71.511Q-59.754-71.534-59.848-71.534Q-60.079-71.534-60.250-71.378Q-60.422-71.222-60.508-70.985Q-60.594-70.749-60.594-70.526L-60.594-69.608L-59.625-69.608L-59.625-69.311L-60.571-69.311L-60.571-66.718Q-60.571-66.550-60.344-66.503Q-60.118-66.456-59.809-66.456\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(77.51 62.529)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-56.579-66.159L-58.564-66.159L-58.564-66.456Q-58.290-66.456-58.122-66.503Q-57.954-66.550-57.954-66.718L-57.954-69.311L-58.595-69.311L-58.595-69.608L-57.954-69.608L-57.954-70.542Q-57.954-70.807-57.837-71.044Q-57.720-71.280-57.527-71.444Q-57.333-71.608-57.085-71.700Q-56.837-71.792-56.572-71.792Q-56.286-71.792-56.062-71.634Q-55.837-71.475-55.837-71.198Q-55.837-71.042-55.943-70.932Q-56.048-70.823-56.212-70.823Q-56.368-70.823-56.478-70.932Q-56.587-71.042-56.587-71.198Q-56.587-71.405-56.427-71.511Q-56.525-71.534-56.618-71.534Q-56.849-71.534-57.021-71.378Q-57.193-71.222-57.279-70.985Q-57.364-70.749-57.364-70.526L-57.364-69.608L-56.396-69.608L-56.396-69.311L-57.341-69.311L-57.341-66.718Q-57.341-66.550-57.114-66.503Q-56.888-66.456-56.579-66.456L-56.579-66.159M-56.052-67.854Q-56.052-68.358-55.796-68.790Q-55.540-69.222-55.105-69.473Q-54.669-69.725-54.169-69.725Q-53.782-69.725-53.441-69.581Q-53.099-69.436-52.837-69.175Q-52.575-68.913-52.433-68.577Q-52.290-68.241-52.290-67.854Q-52.290-67.362-52.554-66.952Q-52.818-66.542-53.247-66.311Q-53.677-66.081-54.169-66.081Q-54.661-66.081-55.095-66.313Q-55.529-66.546-55.790-66.954Q-56.052-67.362-56.052-67.854M-54.169-66.358Q-53.712-66.358-53.460-66.581Q-53.208-66.804-53.120-67.155Q-53.032-67.507-53.032-67.952Q-53.032-68.382-53.126-68.720Q-53.220-69.057-53.474-69.264Q-53.728-69.472-54.169-69.472Q-54.818-69.472-55.062-69.055Q-55.306-68.639-55.306-67.952Q-55.306-67.507-55.218-67.155Q-55.130-66.804-54.878-66.581Q-54.626-66.358-54.169-66.358M-49.798-66.159L-51.779-66.159L-51.779-66.456Q-51.509-66.456-51.341-66.501Q-51.173-66.546-51.173-66.718L-51.173-68.854Q-51.173-69.069-51.236-69.165Q-51.298-69.261-51.415-69.282Q-51.532-69.304-51.779-69.304L-51.779-69.600L-50.611-69.686L-50.611-68.901Q-50.532-69.112-50.380-69.298Q-50.228-69.483-50.029-69.585Q-49.829-69.686-49.603-69.686Q-49.357-69.686-49.165-69.542Q-48.974-69.397-48.974-69.167Q-48.974-69.011-49.079-68.901Q-49.185-68.792-49.341-68.792Q-49.497-68.792-49.607-68.901Q-49.716-69.011-49.716-69.167Q-49.716-69.327-49.611-69.432Q-49.935-69.432-50.150-69.204Q-50.364-68.975-50.460-68.636Q-50.556-68.296-50.556-67.991L-50.556-66.718Q-50.556-66.550-50.329-66.503Q-50.103-66.456-49.798-66.456L-49.798-66.159M-47.868-67.120L-47.868-69.311L-48.572-69.311L-48.572-69.565Q-48.216-69.565-47.974-69.798Q-47.732-70.030-47.620-70.378Q-47.509-70.725-47.509-71.081L-47.228-71.081L-47.228-69.608L-46.052-69.608L-46.052-69.311L-47.228-69.311L-47.228-67.136Q-47.228-66.815-47.109-66.587Q-46.989-66.358-46.708-66.358Q-46.529-66.358-46.411-66.481Q-46.294-66.604-46.241-66.784Q-46.189-66.964-46.189-67.136L-46.189-67.608L-45.907-67.608L-45.907-67.120Q-45.907-66.866-46.013-66.626Q-46.118-66.386-46.316-66.233Q-46.513-66.081-46.771-66.081Q-47.087-66.081-47.339-66.204Q-47.591-66.327-47.730-66.561Q-47.868-66.796-47.868-67.120M-43.275-66.159L-45.107-66.159L-45.107-66.456Q-44.833-66.456-44.665-66.503Q-44.497-66.550-44.497-66.718L-44.497-70.878Q-44.497-71.093-44.560-71.188Q-44.622-71.284-44.741-71.305Q-44.861-71.327-45.107-71.327L-45.107-71.624L-43.884-71.710L-43.884-66.718Q-43.884-66.550-43.716-66.503Q-43.548-66.456-43.275-66.456L-43.275-66.159M-42.829-67.913Q-42.829-68.393-42.597-68.809Q-42.364-69.225-41.954-69.475Q-41.544-69.725-41.068-69.725Q-40.337-69.725-39.939-69.284Q-39.540-68.843-39.540-68.112Q-39.540-68.007-39.634-67.983L-42.083-67.983L-42.083-67.913Q-42.083-67.503-41.962-67.147Q-41.841-66.792-41.570-66.575Q-41.298-66.358-40.868-66.358Q-40.505-66.358-40.208-66.587Q-39.911-66.815-39.810-67.167Q-39.802-67.214-39.716-67.229L-39.634-67.229Q-39.540-67.202-39.540-67.120Q-39.540-67.112-39.548-67.081Q-39.611-66.854-39.749-66.671Q-39.888-66.487-40.079-66.354Q-40.271-66.222-40.489-66.151Q-40.708-66.081-40.947-66.081Q-41.318-66.081-41.655-66.218Q-41.993-66.354-42.261-66.606Q-42.529-66.858-42.679-67.198Q-42.829-67.538-42.829-67.913M-42.075-68.222L-40.114-68.222Q-40.114-68.526-40.216-68.817Q-40.318-69.108-40.534-69.290Q-40.751-69.472-41.068-69.472Q-41.368-69.472-41.599-69.284Q-41.829-69.097-41.952-68.805Q-42.075-68.514-42.075-68.222M-39.009-66.167L-39.009-67.389Q-39.009-67.417-38.978-67.448Q-38.947-67.479-38.923-67.479L-38.818-67.479Q-38.747-67.479-38.732-67.417Q-38.669-67.097-38.530-66.856Q-38.392-66.616-38.159-66.475Q-37.927-66.335-37.618-66.335Q-37.380-66.335-37.171-66.395Q-36.962-66.456-36.825-66.604Q-36.689-66.753-36.689-66.999Q-36.689-67.253-36.900-67.419Q-37.111-67.585-37.380-67.639L-38.001-67.753Q-38.407-67.831-38.708-68.087Q-39.009-68.343-39.009-68.718Q-39.009-69.085-38.808-69.307Q-38.607-69.530-38.282-69.628Q-37.958-69.725-37.618-69.725Q-37.154-69.725-36.857-69.518L-36.634-69.702Q-36.611-69.725-36.579-69.725L-36.529-69.725Q-36.497-69.725-36.470-69.698Q-36.443-69.671-36.443-69.639L-36.443-68.655Q-36.443-68.624-36.468-68.595Q-36.493-68.565-36.529-68.565L-36.634-68.565Q-36.669-68.565-36.697-68.593Q-36.724-68.620-36.724-68.655Q-36.724-69.054-36.976-69.274Q-37.228-69.495-37.626-69.495Q-37.982-69.495-38.265-69.372Q-38.548-69.249-38.548-68.944Q-38.548-68.725-38.347-68.593Q-38.146-68.460-37.900-68.417L-37.275-68.304Q-36.845-68.214-36.536-67.917Q-36.228-67.620-36.228-67.206Q-36.228-66.636-36.626-66.358Q-37.025-66.081-37.618-66.081Q-38.169-66.081-38.521-66.417L-38.818-66.104Q-38.841-66.081-38.876-66.081L-38.923-66.081Q-38.947-66.081-38.978-66.112Q-39.009-66.143-39.009-66.167M-35.657-66.167L-35.657-67.389Q-35.657-67.417-35.626-67.448Q-35.595-67.479-35.572-67.479L-35.466-67.479Q-35.396-67.479-35.380-67.417Q-35.318-67.097-35.179-66.856Q-35.040-66.616-34.808-66.475Q-34.575-66.335-34.267-66.335Q-34.029-66.335-33.820-66.395Q-33.611-66.456-33.474-66.604Q-33.337-66.753-33.337-66.999Q-33.337-67.253-33.548-67.419Q-33.759-67.585-34.029-67.639L-34.650-67.753Q-35.056-67.831-35.357-68.087Q-35.657-68.343-35.657-68.718Q-35.657-69.085-35.456-69.307Q-35.255-69.530-34.931-69.628Q-34.607-69.725-34.267-69.725Q-33.802-69.725-33.505-69.518L-33.282-69.702Q-33.259-69.725-33.228-69.725L-33.177-69.725Q-33.146-69.725-33.118-69.698Q-33.091-69.671-33.091-69.639L-33.091-68.655Q-33.091-68.624-33.116-68.595Q-33.142-68.565-33.177-68.565L-33.282-68.565Q-33.318-68.565-33.345-68.593Q-33.372-68.620-33.372-68.655Q-33.372-69.054-33.624-69.274Q-33.876-69.495-34.275-69.495Q-34.630-69.495-34.913-69.372Q-35.197-69.249-35.197-68.944Q-35.197-68.725-34.995-68.593Q-34.794-68.460-34.548-68.417L-33.923-68.304Q-33.493-68.214-33.185-67.917Q-32.876-67.620-32.876-67.206Q-32.876-66.636-33.275-66.358Q-33.673-66.081-34.267-66.081Q-34.818-66.081-35.169-66.417L-35.466-66.104Q-35.489-66.081-35.525-66.081L-35.572-66.081Q-35.595-66.081-35.626-66.112Q-35.657-66.143-35.657-66.167\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(122.197 62.329)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-65.172-66.624Q-65.172-66.807-65.036-66.944Q-64.899-67.081-64.707-67.081Q-64.516-67.081-64.383-66.948Q-64.250-66.815-64.250-66.624Q-64.250-66.425-64.383-66.292Q-64.516-66.159-64.707-66.159Q-64.899-66.159-65.036-66.296Q-65.172-66.432-65.172-66.624M-59.938-66.159L-62.731-66.159L-62.731-66.456Q-61.668-66.456-61.668-66.718L-61.668-70.886Q-62.098-70.671-62.778-70.671L-62.778-70.968Q-61.758-70.968-61.243-71.479L-61.098-71.479Q-61.024-71.460-61.004-71.382L-61.004-66.718Q-61.004-66.456-59.938-66.456L-59.938-66.159M-55.700-66.159L-58.860-66.159L-58.860-66.366Q-58.860-66.393-58.836-66.425L-57.485-67.823Q-57.106-68.210-56.858-68.499Q-56.610-68.788-56.436-69.145Q-56.262-69.503-56.262-69.893Q-56.262-70.241-56.395-70.534Q-56.528-70.827-56.782-71.005Q-57.036-71.182-57.391-71.182Q-57.750-71.182-58.041-70.987Q-58.332-70.792-58.477-70.464L-58.422-70.464Q-58.239-70.464-58.114-70.343Q-57.989-70.222-57.989-70.030Q-57.989-69.850-58.114-69.722Q-58.239-69.593-58.422-69.593Q-58.602-69.593-58.731-69.722Q-58.860-69.850-58.860-70.030Q-58.860-70.432-58.639-70.768Q-58.418-71.104-58.053-71.292Q-57.688-71.479-57.286-71.479Q-56.805-71.479-56.389-71.292Q-55.973-71.104-55.721-70.743Q-55.469-70.382-55.469-69.893Q-55.469-69.534-55.623-69.231Q-55.778-68.929-56.030-68.669Q-56.282-68.409-56.631-68.124Q-56.981-67.839-57.149-67.686L-58.079-66.847L-57.364-66.847Q-55.989-66.847-55.950-66.886Q-55.879-66.964-55.836-67.149Q-55.793-67.335-55.750-67.624L-55.469-67.624L-55.700-66.159M-52.918-65.991Q-53.621-65.991-54.022-66.391Q-54.422-66.792-54.567-67.401Q-54.711-68.011-54.711-68.710Q-54.711-69.233-54.641-69.696Q-54.571-70.159-54.377-70.571Q-54.184-70.983-53.827-71.231Q-53.469-71.479-52.918-71.479Q-52.368-71.479-52.010-71.231Q-51.653-70.983-51.461-70.573Q-51.270-70.163-51.200-69.694Q-51.129-69.225-51.129-68.710Q-51.129-68.011-51.272-67.403Q-51.414-66.796-51.815-66.393Q-52.215-65.991-52.918-65.991M-52.918-66.249Q-52.446-66.249-52.213-66.684Q-51.981-67.120-51.926-67.659Q-51.871-68.198-51.871-68.839Q-51.871-69.835-52.055-70.528Q-52.239-71.222-52.918-71.222Q-53.286-71.222-53.506-70.983Q-53.727-70.745-53.823-70.388Q-53.918-70.030-53.944-69.659Q-53.969-69.288-53.969-68.839Q-53.969-68.198-53.914-67.659Q-53.860-67.120-53.627-66.684Q-53.395-66.249-52.918-66.249\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(151.488 61.75)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-63.836-66.081Q-64.317-66.081-64.725-66.325Q-65.133-66.569-65.371-66.983Q-65.610-67.397-65.610-67.886Q-65.610-68.378-65.352-68.794Q-65.094-69.210-64.662-69.448Q-64.231-69.686-63.739-69.686Q-63.118-69.686-62.668-69.249L-62.668-70.878Q-62.668-71.093-62.731-71.188Q-62.793-71.284-62.911-71.305Q-63.028-71.327-63.274-71.327L-63.274-71.624L-62.051-71.710L-62.051-66.901Q-62.051-66.690-61.989-66.595Q-61.926-66.499-61.809-66.477Q-61.692-66.456-61.442-66.456L-61.442-66.159L-62.692-66.081L-62.692-66.565Q-63.157-66.081-63.836-66.081M-63.770-66.335Q-63.430-66.335-63.137-66.526Q-62.844-66.718-62.692-67.014L-62.692-68.847Q-62.840-69.120-63.102-69.276Q-63.364-69.432-63.676-69.432Q-64.301-69.432-64.584-68.985Q-64.868-68.538-64.868-67.878Q-64.868-67.233-64.616-66.784Q-64.364-66.335-63.770-66.335M-59.075-66.159L-60.852-66.159L-60.852-66.456Q-60.579-66.456-60.411-66.503Q-60.243-66.550-60.243-66.718L-60.243-68.854Q-60.243-69.069-60.299-69.165Q-60.356-69.261-60.469-69.282Q-60.582-69.304-60.829-69.304L-60.829-69.600L-59.629-69.686L-59.629-66.718Q-59.629-66.550-59.483-66.503Q-59.336-66.456-59.075-66.456L-59.075-66.159M-60.516-71.081Q-60.516-71.272-60.381-71.403Q-60.246-71.534-60.051-71.534Q-59.930-71.534-59.827-71.472Q-59.723-71.409-59.661-71.305Q-59.598-71.202-59.598-71.081Q-59.598-70.886-59.729-70.751Q-59.860-70.616-60.051-70.616Q-60.250-70.616-60.383-70.749Q-60.516-70.882-60.516-71.081M-58.532-66.167L-58.532-67.389Q-58.532-67.417-58.500-67.448Q-58.469-67.479-58.446-67.479L-58.340-67.479Q-58.270-67.479-58.254-67.417Q-58.192-67.097-58.053-66.856Q-57.914-66.616-57.682-66.475Q-57.450-66.335-57.141-66.335Q-56.903-66.335-56.694-66.395Q-56.485-66.456-56.348-66.604Q-56.211-66.753-56.211-66.999Q-56.211-67.253-56.422-67.419Q-56.633-67.585-56.903-67.639L-57.524-67.753Q-57.930-67.831-58.231-68.087Q-58.532-68.343-58.532-68.718Q-58.532-69.085-58.330-69.307Q-58.129-69.530-57.805-69.628Q-57.481-69.725-57.141-69.725Q-56.676-69.725-56.379-69.518L-56.157-69.702Q-56.133-69.725-56.102-69.725L-56.051-69.725Q-56.020-69.725-55.993-69.698Q-55.965-69.671-55.965-69.639L-55.965-68.655Q-55.965-68.624-55.991-68.595Q-56.016-68.565-56.051-68.565L-56.157-68.565Q-56.192-68.565-56.219-68.593Q-56.246-68.620-56.246-68.655Q-56.246-69.054-56.498-69.274Q-56.750-69.495-57.149-69.495Q-57.504-69.495-57.787-69.372Q-58.071-69.249-58.071-68.944Q-58.071-68.725-57.870-68.593Q-57.668-68.460-57.422-68.417L-56.797-68.304Q-56.368-68.214-56.059-67.917Q-55.750-67.620-55.750-67.206Q-55.750-66.636-56.149-66.358Q-56.547-66.081-57.141-66.081Q-57.692-66.081-58.043-66.417L-58.340-66.104Q-58.364-66.081-58.399-66.081L-58.446-66.081Q-58.469-66.081-58.500-66.112Q-58.532-66.143-58.532-66.167M-55.180-67.886Q-55.180-68.382-54.930-68.807Q-54.680-69.233-54.260-69.479Q-53.840-69.725-53.340-69.725Q-52.801-69.725-52.411-69.600Q-52.020-69.475-52.020-69.061Q-52.020-68.956-52.071-68.864Q-52.121-68.772-52.213-68.722Q-52.305-68.671-52.414-68.671Q-52.520-68.671-52.612-68.722Q-52.704-68.772-52.754-68.864Q-52.805-68.956-52.805-69.061Q-52.805-69.284-52.637-69.389Q-52.860-69.448-53.332-69.448Q-53.629-69.448-53.844-69.309Q-54.059-69.171-54.190-68.940Q-54.321-68.710-54.379-68.440Q-54.438-68.171-54.438-67.886Q-54.438-67.491-54.305-67.141Q-54.172-66.792-53.901-66.575Q-53.629-66.358-53.231-66.358Q-52.856-66.358-52.580-66.575Q-52.305-66.792-52.204-67.151Q-52.188-67.214-52.125-67.214L-52.020-67.214Q-51.985-67.214-51.959-67.186Q-51.934-67.159-51.934-67.120L-51.934-67.097Q-52.067-66.616-52.452-66.348Q-52.836-66.081-53.340-66.081Q-53.704-66.081-54.037-66.218Q-54.371-66.354-54.631-66.604Q-54.891-66.854-55.036-67.190Q-55.180-67.526-55.180-67.886M-51.446-67.854Q-51.446-68.358-51.190-68.790Q-50.934-69.222-50.498-69.473Q-50.063-69.725-49.563-69.725Q-49.176-69.725-48.834-69.581Q-48.493-69.436-48.231-69.175Q-47.969-68.913-47.827-68.577Q-47.684-68.241-47.684-67.854Q-47.684-67.362-47.948-66.952Q-48.211-66.542-48.641-66.311Q-49.071-66.081-49.563-66.081Q-50.055-66.081-50.489-66.313Q-50.922-66.546-51.184-66.954Q-51.446-67.362-51.446-67.854M-49.563-66.358Q-49.106-66.358-48.854-66.581Q-48.602-66.804-48.514-67.155Q-48.426-67.507-48.426-67.952Q-48.426-68.382-48.520-68.720Q-48.614-69.057-48.868-69.264Q-49.121-69.472-49.563-69.472Q-50.211-69.472-50.455-69.055Q-50.700-68.639-50.700-67.952Q-50.700-67.507-50.612-67.155Q-50.524-66.804-50.272-66.581Q-50.020-66.358-49.563-66.358M-46.516-67.112L-46.516-68.854Q-46.516-69.069-46.579-69.165Q-46.641-69.261-46.760-69.282Q-46.879-69.304-47.125-69.304L-47.125-69.600L-45.879-69.686L-45.879-67.136L-45.879-67.112Q-45.879-66.800-45.825-66.638Q-45.770-66.475-45.620-66.405Q-45.469-66.335-45.149-66.335Q-44.719-66.335-44.446-66.673Q-44.172-67.011-44.172-67.456L-44.172-68.854Q-44.172-69.069-44.235-69.165Q-44.297-69.261-44.416-69.282Q-44.536-69.304-44.782-69.304L-44.782-69.600L-43.536-69.686L-43.536-66.901Q-43.536-66.690-43.473-66.595Q-43.411-66.499-43.291-66.477Q-43.172-66.456-42.926-66.456L-42.926-66.159L-44.149-66.081L-44.149-66.702Q-44.317-66.413-44.598-66.247Q-44.879-66.081-45.200-66.081Q-46.516-66.081-46.516-67.112M-40.473-66.159L-42.454-66.159L-42.454-66.456Q-42.184-66.456-42.016-66.501Q-41.848-66.546-41.848-66.718L-41.848-68.854Q-41.848-69.069-41.911-69.165Q-41.973-69.261-42.090-69.282Q-42.207-69.304-42.454-69.304L-42.454-69.600L-41.286-69.686L-41.286-68.901Q-41.207-69.112-41.055-69.298Q-40.903-69.483-40.704-69.585Q-40.504-69.686-40.278-69.686Q-40.032-69.686-39.840-69.542Q-39.649-69.397-39.649-69.167Q-39.649-69.011-39.754-68.901Q-39.860-68.792-40.016-68.792Q-40.172-68.792-40.282-68.901Q-40.391-69.011-40.391-69.167Q-40.391-69.327-40.286-69.432Q-40.610-69.432-40.825-69.204Q-41.039-68.975-41.135-68.636Q-41.231-68.296-41.231-67.991L-41.231-66.718Q-41.231-66.550-41.004-66.503Q-40.778-66.456-40.473-66.456L-40.473-66.159M-39.071-66.991Q-39.071-67.475-38.668-67.770Q-38.266-68.065-37.715-68.184Q-37.164-68.304-36.672-68.304L-36.672-68.593Q-36.672-68.819-36.787-69.026Q-36.903-69.233-37.100-69.352Q-37.297-69.472-37.528-69.472Q-37.954-69.472-38.239-69.366Q-38.168-69.339-38.121-69.284Q-38.075-69.229-38.049-69.159Q-38.024-69.089-38.024-69.014Q-38.024-68.909-38.075-68.817Q-38.125-68.725-38.217-68.675Q-38.309-68.624-38.414-68.624Q-38.520-68.624-38.612-68.675Q-38.704-68.725-38.754-68.817Q-38.805-68.909-38.805-69.014Q-38.805-69.432-38.416-69.579Q-38.028-69.725-37.528-69.725Q-37.196-69.725-36.842-69.595Q-36.489-69.464-36.260-69.210Q-36.032-68.956-36.032-68.608L-36.032-66.807Q-36.032-66.675-35.959-66.565Q-35.887-66.456-35.758-66.456Q-35.633-66.456-35.565-66.561Q-35.496-66.667-35.496-66.807L-35.496-67.319L-35.215-67.319L-35.215-66.807Q-35.215-66.604-35.332-66.446Q-35.450-66.288-35.631-66.204Q-35.813-66.120-36.016-66.120Q-36.246-66.120-36.399-66.292Q-36.551-66.464-36.582-66.694Q-36.743-66.413-37.051-66.247Q-37.360-66.081-37.711-66.081Q-38.223-66.081-38.647-66.304Q-39.071-66.526-39.071-66.991M-38.383-66.991Q-38.383-66.706-38.157-66.520Q-37.930-66.335-37.637-66.335Q-37.391-66.335-37.166-66.452Q-36.942-66.569-36.807-66.772Q-36.672-66.975-36.672-67.229L-36.672-68.061Q-36.938-68.061-37.223-68.007Q-37.508-67.952-37.780-67.823Q-38.051-67.694-38.217-67.487Q-38.383-67.280-38.383-66.991M-34.922-65.550Q-34.922-65.831-34.711-66.042Q-34.500-66.253-34.215-66.343Q-34.371-66.468-34.450-66.657Q-34.528-66.847-34.528-67.046Q-34.528-67.401-34.297-67.694Q-34.664-68.034-34.664-68.503Q-34.664-68.854-34.461-69.124Q-34.258-69.393-33.938-69.540Q-33.618-69.686-33.274-69.686Q-32.754-69.686-32.383-69.405Q-32.020-69.776-31.473-69.776Q-31.293-69.776-31.166-69.649Q-31.039-69.522-31.039-69.343Q-31.039-69.237-31.118-69.159Q-31.196-69.081-31.305-69.081Q-31.414-69.081-31.491-69.157Q-31.567-69.233-31.567-69.343Q-31.567-69.444-31.528-69.495Q-31.520-69.503-31.516-69.509Q-31.512-69.514-31.512-69.518Q-31.887-69.518-32.207-69.264Q-31.887-68.925-31.887-68.503Q-31.887-68.233-32.004-68.016Q-32.121-67.800-32.327-67.641Q-32.532-67.483-32.774-67.401Q-33.016-67.319-33.274-67.319Q-33.493-67.319-33.705-67.378Q-33.918-67.436-34.114-67.557Q-34.207-67.417-34.207-67.237Q-34.207-67.030-34.071-66.878Q-33.934-66.725-33.727-66.725L-33.032-66.725Q-32.543-66.725-32.131-66.641Q-31.719-66.557-31.440-66.300Q-31.161-66.042-31.161-65.550Q-31.161-65.186-31.481-64.954Q-31.801-64.722-32.243-64.620Q-32.684-64.518-33.039-64.518Q-33.395-64.518-33.838-64.620Q-34.282-64.722-34.602-64.954Q-34.922-65.186-34.922-65.550M-34.418-65.550Q-34.418-65.354-34.274-65.206Q-34.129-65.057-33.916-64.968Q-33.704-64.878-33.463-64.831Q-33.223-64.784-33.039-64.784Q-32.797-64.784-32.467-64.862Q-32.137-64.940-31.901-65.114Q-31.664-65.288-31.664-65.550Q-31.664-65.956-32.075-66.065Q-32.485-66.175-33.047-66.175L-33.727-66.175Q-33.996-66.175-34.207-65.997Q-34.418-65.819-34.418-65.550M-33.274-67.585Q-32.551-67.585-32.551-68.503Q-32.551-69.425-33.274-69.425Q-34-69.425-34-68.503Q-34-67.585-33.274-67.585M-30.676-67.913Q-30.676-68.393-30.444-68.809Q-30.211-69.225-29.801-69.475Q-29.391-69.725-28.914-69.725Q-28.184-69.725-27.786-69.284Q-27.387-68.843-27.387-68.112Q-27.387-68.007-27.481-67.983L-29.930-67.983L-29.930-67.913Q-29.930-67.503-29.809-67.147Q-29.688-66.792-29.416-66.575Q-29.145-66.358-28.715-66.358Q-28.352-66.358-28.055-66.587Q-27.758-66.815-27.657-67.167Q-27.649-67.214-27.563-67.229L-27.481-67.229Q-27.387-67.202-27.387-67.120Q-27.387-67.112-27.395-67.081Q-27.457-66.854-27.596-66.671Q-27.735-66.487-27.926-66.354Q-28.118-66.222-28.336-66.151Q-28.555-66.081-28.793-66.081Q-29.164-66.081-29.502-66.218Q-29.840-66.354-30.108-66.606Q-30.375-66.858-30.526-67.198Q-30.676-67.538-30.676-67.913M-29.922-68.222L-27.961-68.222Q-27.961-68.526-28.063-68.817Q-28.164-69.108-28.381-69.290Q-28.598-69.472-28.914-69.472Q-29.215-69.472-29.446-69.284Q-29.676-69.097-29.799-68.805Q-29.922-68.514-29.922-68.222M-25.082-66.081Q-25.563-66.081-25.971-66.325Q-26.379-66.569-26.618-66.983Q-26.856-67.397-26.856-67.886Q-26.856-68.378-26.598-68.794Q-26.340-69.210-25.909-69.448Q-25.477-69.686-24.985-69.686Q-24.364-69.686-23.914-69.249L-23.914-70.878Q-23.914-71.093-23.977-71.188Q-24.039-71.284-24.157-71.305Q-24.274-71.327-24.520-71.327L-24.520-71.624L-23.297-71.710L-23.297-66.901Q-23.297-66.690-23.235-66.595Q-23.172-66.499-23.055-66.477Q-22.938-66.456-22.688-66.456L-22.688-66.159L-23.938-66.081L-23.938-66.565Q-24.403-66.081-25.082-66.081M-25.016-66.335Q-24.676-66.335-24.383-66.526Q-24.090-66.718-23.938-67.014L-23.938-68.847Q-24.086-69.120-24.348-69.276Q-24.610-69.432-24.922-69.432Q-25.547-69.432-25.830-68.985Q-26.114-68.538-26.114-67.878Q-26.114-67.233-25.862-66.784Q-25.610-66.335-25.016-66.335\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(196.174 62.329)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-65.172-66.624Q-65.172-66.807-65.036-66.944Q-64.899-67.081-64.707-67.081Q-64.516-67.081-64.383-66.948Q-64.250-66.815-64.250-66.624Q-64.250-66.425-64.383-66.292Q-64.516-66.159-64.707-66.159Q-64.899-66.159-65.036-66.296Q-65.172-66.432-65.172-66.624M-61.411-65.991Q-62.114-65.991-62.514-66.391Q-62.914-66.792-63.059-67.401Q-63.204-68.011-63.204-68.710Q-63.204-69.233-63.133-69.696Q-63.063-70.159-62.870-70.571Q-62.676-70.983-62.319-71.231Q-61.961-71.479-61.411-71.479Q-60.860-71.479-60.502-71.231Q-60.145-70.983-59.954-70.573Q-59.762-70.163-59.692-69.694Q-59.621-69.225-59.621-68.710Q-59.621-68.011-59.764-67.403Q-59.907-66.796-60.307-66.393Q-60.707-65.991-61.411-65.991M-61.411-66.249Q-60.938-66.249-60.705-66.684Q-60.473-67.120-60.418-67.659Q-60.364-68.198-60.364-68.839Q-60.364-69.835-60.547-70.528Q-60.731-71.222-61.411-71.222Q-61.778-71.222-61.998-70.983Q-62.219-70.745-62.315-70.388Q-62.411-70.030-62.436-69.659Q-62.461-69.288-62.461-68.839Q-62.461-68.198-62.407-67.659Q-62.352-67.120-62.120-66.684Q-61.887-66.249-61.411-66.249M-57.164-65.991Q-57.868-65.991-58.268-66.391Q-58.668-66.792-58.813-67.401Q-58.957-68.011-58.957-68.710Q-58.957-69.233-58.887-69.696Q-58.817-70.159-58.623-70.571Q-58.430-70.983-58.073-71.231Q-57.715-71.479-57.164-71.479Q-56.614-71.479-56.256-71.231Q-55.899-70.983-55.707-70.573Q-55.516-70.163-55.446-69.694Q-55.375-69.225-55.375-68.710Q-55.375-68.011-55.518-67.403Q-55.661-66.796-56.061-66.393Q-56.461-65.991-57.164-65.991M-57.164-66.249Q-56.692-66.249-56.459-66.684Q-56.227-67.120-56.172-67.659Q-56.118-68.198-56.118-68.839Q-56.118-69.835-56.301-70.528Q-56.485-71.222-57.164-71.222Q-57.532-71.222-57.752-70.983Q-57.973-70.745-58.069-70.388Q-58.164-70.030-58.190-69.659Q-58.215-69.288-58.215-68.839Q-58.215-68.198-58.161-67.659Q-58.106-67.120-57.873-66.684Q-57.641-66.249-57.164-66.249M-54.047-66.503Q-53.817-66.264-53.270-66.264Q-53.016-66.264-52.793-66.388Q-52.571-66.511-52.401-66.727Q-52.231-66.944-52.137-67.175Q-52.012-67.487-51.973-67.827Q-51.934-68.167-51.934-68.616Q-52.102-68.284-52.385-68.089Q-52.668-67.893-53.008-67.893Q-53.371-67.893-53.684-68.038Q-53.996-68.182-54.219-68.434Q-54.442-68.686-54.565-69.013Q-54.688-69.339-54.688-69.694Q-54.688-70.190-54.446-70.600Q-54.204-71.011-53.786-71.245Q-53.368-71.479-52.871-71.479Q-51.914-71.479-51.534-70.649Q-51.153-69.819-51.153-68.745Q-51.153-68.112-51.403-67.468Q-51.653-66.823-52.135-66.407Q-52.618-65.991-53.270-65.991Q-53.774-65.991-54.123-66.208Q-54.473-66.425-54.473-66.893Q-54.473-67.061-54.360-67.175Q-54.246-67.288-54.079-67.288Q-53.973-67.288-53.881-67.237Q-53.789-67.186-53.739-67.095Q-53.688-67.003-53.688-66.893Q-53.688-66.745-53.789-66.624Q-53.891-66.503-54.047-66.503M-52.969-68.151Q-52.637-68.151-52.405-68.362Q-52.172-68.573-52.061-68.895Q-51.950-69.218-51.950-69.534Q-51.950-69.632-51.961-69.686Q-51.957-69.694-51.954-69.706Q-51.950-69.718-51.950-69.725Q-51.950-69.968-51.993-70.231Q-52.036-70.495-52.137-70.723Q-52.239-70.952-52.420-71.095Q-52.602-71.237-52.871-71.237Q-53.305-71.237-53.532-71.016Q-53.758-70.796-53.830-70.464Q-53.903-70.132-53.903-69.694Q-53.903-69.249-53.846-68.927Q-53.789-68.604-53.584-68.378Q-53.379-68.151-52.969-68.151\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(3.533 76.438)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-65.028-67.120L-65.028-69.311L-65.731-69.311L-65.731-69.565Q-65.375-69.565-65.133-69.798Q-64.891-70.030-64.780-70.378Q-64.668-70.725-64.668-71.081L-64.387-71.081L-64.387-69.608L-63.211-69.608L-63.211-69.311L-64.387-69.311L-64.387-67.136Q-64.387-66.815-64.268-66.587Q-64.149-66.358-63.868-66.358Q-63.688-66.358-63.571-66.481Q-63.454-66.604-63.401-66.784Q-63.348-66.964-63.348-67.136L-63.348-67.608L-63.067-67.608L-63.067-67.120Q-63.067-66.866-63.172-66.626Q-63.278-66.386-63.475-66.233Q-63.672-66.081-63.930-66.081Q-64.246-66.081-64.498-66.204Q-64.750-66.327-64.889-66.561Q-65.028-66.796-65.028-67.120M-62.348-67.854Q-62.348-68.358-62.092-68.790Q-61.836-69.222-61.401-69.473Q-60.965-69.725-60.465-69.725Q-60.079-69.725-59.737-69.581Q-59.395-69.436-59.133-69.175Q-58.871-68.913-58.729-68.577Q-58.586-68.241-58.586-67.854Q-58.586-67.362-58.850-66.952Q-59.114-66.542-59.543-66.311Q-59.973-66.081-60.465-66.081Q-60.957-66.081-61.391-66.313Q-61.825-66.546-62.086-66.954Q-62.348-67.362-62.348-67.854M-60.465-66.358Q-60.008-66.358-59.756-66.581Q-59.504-66.804-59.416-67.155Q-59.329-67.507-59.329-67.952Q-59.329-68.382-59.422-68.720Q-59.516-69.057-59.770-69.264Q-60.024-69.472-60.465-69.472Q-61.114-69.472-61.358-69.055Q-61.602-68.639-61.602-67.952Q-61.602-67.507-61.514-67.155Q-61.426-66.804-61.174-66.581Q-60.922-66.358-60.465-66.358M-56.094-66.159L-58.075-66.159L-58.075-66.456Q-57.805-66.456-57.637-66.501Q-57.469-66.546-57.469-66.718L-57.469-68.854Q-57.469-69.069-57.532-69.165Q-57.594-69.261-57.711-69.282Q-57.829-69.304-58.075-69.304L-58.075-69.600L-56.907-69.686L-56.907-68.901Q-56.829-69.112-56.676-69.298Q-56.524-69.483-56.325-69.585Q-56.125-69.686-55.899-69.686Q-55.653-69.686-55.461-69.542Q-55.270-69.397-55.270-69.167Q-55.270-69.011-55.375-68.901Q-55.481-68.792-55.637-68.792Q-55.793-68.792-55.903-68.901Q-56.012-69.011-56.012-69.167Q-56.012-69.327-55.907-69.432Q-56.231-69.432-56.446-69.204Q-56.661-68.975-56.756-68.636Q-56.852-68.296-56.852-67.991L-56.852-66.718Q-56.852-66.550-56.625-66.503Q-56.399-66.456-56.094-66.456L-56.094-66.159M-54.164-67.120L-54.164-69.311L-54.868-69.311L-54.868-69.565Q-54.512-69.565-54.270-69.798Q-54.028-70.030-53.916-70.378Q-53.805-70.725-53.805-71.081L-53.524-71.081L-53.524-69.608L-52.348-69.608L-52.348-69.311L-53.524-69.311L-53.524-67.136Q-53.524-66.815-53.405-66.587Q-53.286-66.358-53.004-66.358Q-52.825-66.358-52.707-66.481Q-52.590-66.604-52.537-66.784Q-52.485-66.964-52.485-67.136L-52.485-67.608L-52.204-67.608L-52.204-67.120Q-52.204-66.866-52.309-66.626Q-52.414-66.386-52.612-66.233Q-52.809-66.081-53.067-66.081Q-53.383-66.081-53.635-66.204Q-53.887-66.327-54.026-66.561Q-54.164-66.796-54.164-67.120M-50.801-67.112L-50.801-68.854Q-50.801-69.069-50.864-69.165Q-50.926-69.261-51.045-69.282Q-51.164-69.304-51.411-69.304L-51.411-69.600L-50.164-69.686L-50.164-67.136L-50.164-67.112Q-50.164-66.800-50.110-66.638Q-50.055-66.475-49.905-66.405Q-49.754-66.335-49.434-66.335Q-49.004-66.335-48.731-66.673Q-48.457-67.011-48.457-67.456L-48.457-68.854Q-48.457-69.069-48.520-69.165Q-48.582-69.261-48.702-69.282Q-48.821-69.304-49.067-69.304L-49.067-69.600L-47.821-69.686L-47.821-66.901Q-47.821-66.690-47.758-66.595Q-47.696-66.499-47.577-66.477Q-47.457-66.456-47.211-66.456L-47.211-66.159L-48.434-66.081L-48.434-66.702Q-48.602-66.413-48.883-66.247Q-49.164-66.081-49.485-66.081Q-50.801-66.081-50.801-67.112M-44.758-66.159L-46.739-66.159L-46.739-66.456Q-46.469-66.456-46.301-66.501Q-46.133-66.546-46.133-66.718L-46.133-68.854Q-46.133-69.069-46.196-69.165Q-46.258-69.261-46.375-69.282Q-46.493-69.304-46.739-69.304L-46.739-69.600L-45.571-69.686L-45.571-68.901Q-45.493-69.112-45.340-69.298Q-45.188-69.483-44.989-69.585Q-44.789-69.686-44.563-69.686Q-44.317-69.686-44.125-69.542Q-43.934-69.397-43.934-69.167Q-43.934-69.011-44.039-68.901Q-44.145-68.792-44.301-68.792Q-44.457-68.792-44.567-68.901Q-44.676-69.011-44.676-69.167Q-44.676-69.327-44.571-69.432Q-44.895-69.432-45.110-69.204Q-45.325-68.975-45.420-68.636Q-45.516-68.296-45.516-67.991L-45.516-66.718Q-45.516-66.550-45.289-66.503Q-45.063-66.456-44.758-66.456L-44.758-66.159M-43.454-67.913Q-43.454-68.393-43.221-68.809Q-42.989-69.225-42.579-69.475Q-42.168-69.725-41.692-69.725Q-40.961-69.725-40.563-69.284Q-40.164-68.843-40.164-68.112Q-40.164-68.007-40.258-67.983L-42.707-67.983L-42.707-67.913Q-42.707-67.503-42.586-67.147Q-42.465-66.792-42.194-66.575Q-41.922-66.358-41.493-66.358Q-41.129-66.358-40.832-66.587Q-40.536-66.815-40.434-67.167Q-40.426-67.214-40.340-67.229L-40.258-67.229Q-40.164-67.202-40.164-67.120Q-40.164-67.112-40.172-67.081Q-40.235-66.854-40.373-66.671Q-40.512-66.487-40.704-66.354Q-40.895-66.222-41.114-66.151Q-41.332-66.081-41.571-66.081Q-41.942-66.081-42.280-66.218Q-42.618-66.354-42.885-66.606Q-43.153-66.858-43.303-67.198Q-43.454-67.538-43.454-67.913M-42.700-68.222L-40.739-68.222Q-40.739-68.526-40.840-68.817Q-40.942-69.108-41.159-69.290Q-41.375-69.472-41.692-69.472Q-41.993-69.472-42.223-69.284Q-42.454-69.097-42.577-68.805Q-42.700-68.514-42.700-68.222\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(48.22 76.555)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-65.172-66.624Q-65.172-66.807-65.036-66.944Q-64.899-67.081-64.707-67.081Q-64.516-67.081-64.383-66.948Q-64.250-66.815-64.250-66.624Q-64.250-66.425-64.383-66.292Q-64.516-66.159-64.707-66.159Q-64.899-66.159-65.036-66.296Q-65.172-66.432-65.172-66.624M-59.938-66.159L-62.731-66.159L-62.731-66.456Q-61.668-66.456-61.668-66.718L-61.668-70.886Q-62.098-70.671-62.778-70.671L-62.778-70.968Q-61.758-70.968-61.243-71.479L-61.098-71.479Q-61.024-71.460-61.004-71.382L-61.004-66.718Q-61.004-66.456-59.938-66.456L-59.938-66.159M-55.692-66.159L-58.485-66.159L-58.485-66.456Q-57.422-66.456-57.422-66.718L-57.422-70.886Q-57.852-70.671-58.532-70.671L-58.532-70.968Q-57.512-70.968-56.996-71.479L-56.852-71.479Q-56.778-71.460-56.758-71.382L-56.758-66.718Q-56.758-66.456-55.692-66.456L-55.692-66.159M-54.200-67.038L-54.262-67.038Q-54.121-66.686-53.797-66.475Q-53.473-66.264-53.086-66.264Q-52.493-66.264-52.243-66.698Q-51.993-67.132-51.993-67.768Q-51.993-68.362-52.162-68.809Q-52.332-69.257-52.832-69.257Q-53.129-69.257-53.334-69.177Q-53.539-69.097-53.641-69.005Q-53.743-68.913-53.858-68.780Q-53.973-68.647-54.024-68.632L-54.094-68.632Q-54.180-68.655-54.200-68.733L-54.200-71.382Q-54.168-71.479-54.094-71.479Q-54.079-71.479-54.071-71.477Q-54.063-71.475-54.055-71.472Q-53.469-71.222-52.871-71.222Q-52.289-71.222-51.672-71.479L-51.649-71.479Q-51.606-71.479-51.579-71.454Q-51.551-71.429-51.551-71.389L-51.551-71.311Q-51.551-71.280-51.575-71.257Q-51.871-70.905-52.293-70.708Q-52.715-70.511-53.176-70.511Q-53.524-70.511-53.903-70.616L-53.903-69.120Q-53.684-69.315-53.409-69.413Q-53.133-69.511-52.832-69.511Q-52.375-69.511-52.006-69.263Q-51.637-69.014-51.430-68.610Q-51.223-68.206-51.223-67.761Q-51.223-67.272-51.479-66.864Q-51.735-66.456-52.166-66.223Q-52.598-65.991-53.086-65.991Q-53.481-65.991-53.836-66.182Q-54.192-66.374-54.403-66.708Q-54.614-67.042-54.614-67.456Q-54.614-67.636-54.496-67.749Q-54.379-67.862-54.200-67.862Q-54.082-67.862-53.991-67.809Q-53.899-67.757-53.846-67.665Q-53.793-67.573-53.793-67.456Q-53.793-67.272-53.907-67.155Q-54.020-67.038-54.200-67.038\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(77.51 75.882)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-63.723-66.159L-65.579-66.159L-65.579-66.456Q-65.305-66.456-65.137-66.503Q-64.969-66.550-64.969-66.718L-64.969-68.854Q-64.969-69.069-65.032-69.165Q-65.094-69.261-65.213-69.282Q-65.332-69.304-65.579-69.304L-65.579-69.600L-64.387-69.686L-64.387-68.952Q-64.274-69.167-64.080-69.335Q-63.887-69.503-63.649-69.595Q-63.411-69.686-63.157-69.686Q-61.989-69.686-61.989-68.608L-61.989-66.718Q-61.989-66.550-61.819-66.503Q-61.649-66.456-61.379-66.456L-61.379-66.159L-63.235-66.159L-63.235-66.456Q-62.961-66.456-62.793-66.503Q-62.625-66.550-62.625-66.718L-62.625-68.593Q-62.625-68.975-62.746-69.204Q-62.868-69.432-63.219-69.432Q-63.532-69.432-63.786-69.270Q-64.039-69.108-64.186-68.839Q-64.332-68.569-64.332-68.272L-64.332-66.718Q-64.332-66.550-64.162-66.503Q-63.993-66.456-63.723-66.456L-63.723-66.159M-60.836-66.991Q-60.836-67.475-60.434-67.770Q-60.032-68.065-59.481-68.184Q-58.930-68.304-58.438-68.304L-58.438-68.593Q-58.438-68.819-58.553-69.026Q-58.668-69.233-58.866-69.352Q-59.063-69.472-59.293-69.472Q-59.719-69.472-60.004-69.366Q-59.934-69.339-59.887-69.284Q-59.840-69.229-59.815-69.159Q-59.789-69.089-59.789-69.014Q-59.789-68.909-59.840-68.817Q-59.891-68.725-59.983-68.675Q-60.075-68.624-60.180-68.624Q-60.286-68.624-60.377-68.675Q-60.469-68.725-60.520-68.817Q-60.571-68.909-60.571-69.014Q-60.571-69.432-60.182-69.579Q-59.793-69.725-59.293-69.725Q-58.961-69.725-58.608-69.595Q-58.254-69.464-58.026-69.210Q-57.797-68.956-57.797-68.608L-57.797-66.807Q-57.797-66.675-57.725-66.565Q-57.653-66.456-57.524-66.456Q-57.399-66.456-57.330-66.561Q-57.262-66.667-57.262-66.807L-57.262-67.319L-56.981-67.319L-56.981-66.807Q-56.981-66.604-57.098-66.446Q-57.215-66.288-57.397-66.204Q-57.579-66.120-57.782-66.120Q-58.012-66.120-58.164-66.292Q-58.317-66.464-58.348-66.694Q-58.508-66.413-58.817-66.247Q-59.125-66.081-59.477-66.081Q-59.989-66.081-60.412-66.304Q-60.836-66.526-60.836-66.991M-60.149-66.991Q-60.149-66.706-59.922-66.520Q-59.696-66.335-59.403-66.335Q-59.157-66.335-58.932-66.452Q-58.707-66.569-58.573-66.772Q-58.438-66.975-58.438-67.229L-58.438-68.061Q-58.704-68.061-58.989-68.007Q-59.274-67.952-59.545-67.823Q-59.817-67.694-59.983-67.487Q-60.149-67.280-60.149-66.991M-54.805-64.608L-56.661-64.608L-56.661-64.901Q-56.391-64.901-56.223-64.946Q-56.055-64.991-56.055-65.167L-56.055-68.991Q-56.055-69.198-56.211-69.251Q-56.368-69.304-56.661-69.304L-56.661-69.600L-55.438-69.686L-55.438-69.222Q-55.207-69.444-54.893-69.565Q-54.579-69.686-54.239-69.686Q-53.766-69.686-53.362-69.440Q-52.957-69.194-52.725-68.778Q-52.493-68.362-52.493-67.886Q-52.493-67.511-52.641-67.182Q-52.789-66.854-53.059-66.602Q-53.329-66.350-53.672-66.216Q-54.016-66.081-54.375-66.081Q-54.664-66.081-54.936-66.202Q-55.207-66.323-55.414-66.534L-55.414-65.167Q-55.414-64.991-55.246-64.946Q-55.079-64.901-54.805-64.901L-54.805-64.608M-55.414-68.823L-55.414-66.983Q-55.262-66.694-55-66.514Q-54.739-66.335-54.430-66.335Q-54.145-66.335-53.922-66.473Q-53.700-66.612-53.547-66.843Q-53.395-67.073-53.317-67.345Q-53.239-67.616-53.239-67.886Q-53.239-68.218-53.364-68.575Q-53.489-68.932-53.737-69.169Q-53.985-69.405-54.332-69.405Q-54.657-69.405-54.952-69.249Q-55.246-69.093-55.414-68.823M-50.086-64.608L-51.942-64.608L-51.942-64.901Q-51.672-64.901-51.504-64.946Q-51.336-64.991-51.336-65.167L-51.336-68.991Q-51.336-69.198-51.493-69.251Q-51.649-69.304-51.942-69.304L-51.942-69.600L-50.719-69.686L-50.719-69.222Q-50.489-69.444-50.174-69.565Q-49.860-69.686-49.520-69.686Q-49.047-69.686-48.643-69.440Q-48.239-69.194-48.006-68.778Q-47.774-68.362-47.774-67.886Q-47.774-67.511-47.922-67.182Q-48.071-66.854-48.340-66.602Q-48.610-66.350-48.954-66.216Q-49.297-66.081-49.657-66.081Q-49.946-66.081-50.217-66.202Q-50.489-66.323-50.696-66.534L-50.696-65.167Q-50.696-64.991-50.528-64.946Q-50.360-64.901-50.086-64.901L-50.086-64.608M-50.696-68.823L-50.696-66.983Q-50.543-66.694-50.282-66.514Q-50.020-66.335-49.711-66.335Q-49.426-66.335-49.204-66.473Q-48.981-66.612-48.829-66.843Q-48.676-67.073-48.598-67.345Q-48.520-67.616-48.520-67.886Q-48.520-68.218-48.645-68.575Q-48.770-68.932-49.018-69.169Q-49.266-69.405-49.614-69.405Q-49.938-69.405-50.233-69.249Q-50.528-69.093-50.696-68.823M-45.391-66.159L-47.168-66.159L-47.168-66.456Q-46.895-66.456-46.727-66.503Q-46.559-66.550-46.559-66.718L-46.559-68.854Q-46.559-69.069-46.616-69.165Q-46.672-69.261-46.786-69.282Q-46.899-69.304-47.145-69.304L-47.145-69.600L-45.946-69.686L-45.946-66.718Q-45.946-66.550-45.799-66.503Q-45.653-66.456-45.391-66.456L-45.391-66.159M-46.832-71.081Q-46.832-71.272-46.698-71.403Q-46.563-71.534-46.368-71.534Q-46.246-71.534-46.143-71.472Q-46.039-71.409-45.977-71.305Q-45.914-71.202-45.914-71.081Q-45.914-70.886-46.045-70.751Q-46.176-70.616-46.368-70.616Q-46.567-70.616-46.700-70.749Q-46.832-70.882-46.832-71.081M-42.961-66.159L-44.817-66.159L-44.817-66.456Q-44.543-66.456-44.375-66.503Q-44.207-66.550-44.207-66.718L-44.207-68.854Q-44.207-69.069-44.270-69.165Q-44.332-69.261-44.452-69.282Q-44.571-69.304-44.817-69.304L-44.817-69.600L-43.625-69.686L-43.625-68.952Q-43.512-69.167-43.319-69.335Q-43.125-69.503-42.887-69.595Q-42.649-69.686-42.395-69.686Q-41.227-69.686-41.227-68.608L-41.227-66.718Q-41.227-66.550-41.057-66.503Q-40.887-66.456-40.618-66.456L-40.618-66.159L-42.473-66.159L-42.473-66.456Q-42.200-66.456-42.032-66.503Q-41.864-66.550-41.864-66.718L-41.864-68.593Q-41.864-68.975-41.985-69.204Q-42.106-69.432-42.457-69.432Q-42.770-69.432-43.024-69.270Q-43.278-69.108-43.424-68.839Q-43.571-68.569-43.571-68.272L-43.571-66.718Q-43.571-66.550-43.401-66.503Q-43.231-66.456-42.961-66.456L-42.961-66.159M-40.172-65.550Q-40.172-65.831-39.961-66.042Q-39.750-66.253-39.465-66.343Q-39.621-66.468-39.700-66.657Q-39.778-66.847-39.778-67.046Q-39.778-67.401-39.547-67.694Q-39.914-68.034-39.914-68.503Q-39.914-68.854-39.711-69.124Q-39.508-69.393-39.188-69.540Q-38.868-69.686-38.524-69.686Q-38.004-69.686-37.633-69.405Q-37.270-69.776-36.723-69.776Q-36.543-69.776-36.416-69.649Q-36.289-69.522-36.289-69.343Q-36.289-69.237-36.368-69.159Q-36.446-69.081-36.555-69.081Q-36.664-69.081-36.741-69.157Q-36.817-69.233-36.817-69.343Q-36.817-69.444-36.778-69.495Q-36.770-69.503-36.766-69.509Q-36.762-69.514-36.762-69.518Q-37.137-69.518-37.457-69.264Q-37.137-68.925-37.137-68.503Q-37.137-68.233-37.254-68.016Q-37.371-67.800-37.577-67.641Q-37.782-67.483-38.024-67.401Q-38.266-67.319-38.524-67.319Q-38.743-67.319-38.955-67.378Q-39.168-67.436-39.364-67.557Q-39.457-67.417-39.457-67.237Q-39.457-67.030-39.321-66.878Q-39.184-66.725-38.977-66.725L-38.282-66.725Q-37.793-66.725-37.381-66.641Q-36.969-66.557-36.690-66.300Q-36.411-66.042-36.411-65.550Q-36.411-65.186-36.731-64.954Q-37.051-64.722-37.493-64.620Q-37.934-64.518-38.289-64.518Q-38.645-64.518-39.088-64.620Q-39.532-64.722-39.852-64.954Q-40.172-65.186-40.172-65.550M-39.668-65.550Q-39.668-65.354-39.524-65.206Q-39.379-65.057-39.166-64.968Q-38.954-64.878-38.713-64.831Q-38.473-64.784-38.289-64.784Q-38.047-64.784-37.717-64.862Q-37.387-64.940-37.151-65.114Q-36.914-65.288-36.914-65.550Q-36.914-65.956-37.325-66.065Q-37.735-66.175-38.297-66.175L-38.977-66.175Q-39.246-66.175-39.457-65.997Q-39.668-65.819-39.668-65.550M-38.524-67.585Q-37.801-67.585-37.801-68.503Q-37.801-69.425-38.524-69.425Q-39.250-69.425-39.250-68.503Q-39.250-67.585-38.524-67.585\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(122.197 76.555)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-65.172-66.624Q-65.172-66.807-65.036-66.944Q-64.899-67.081-64.707-67.081Q-64.516-67.081-64.383-66.948Q-64.250-66.815-64.250-66.624Q-64.250-66.425-64.383-66.292Q-64.516-66.159-64.707-66.159Q-64.899-66.159-65.036-66.296Q-65.172-66.432-65.172-66.624M-61.411-65.991Q-62.114-65.991-62.514-66.391Q-62.914-66.792-63.059-67.401Q-63.204-68.011-63.204-68.710Q-63.204-69.233-63.133-69.696Q-63.063-70.159-62.870-70.571Q-62.676-70.983-62.319-71.231Q-61.961-71.479-61.411-71.479Q-60.860-71.479-60.502-71.231Q-60.145-70.983-59.954-70.573Q-59.762-70.163-59.692-69.694Q-59.621-69.225-59.621-68.710Q-59.621-68.011-59.764-67.403Q-59.907-66.796-60.307-66.393Q-60.707-65.991-61.411-65.991M-61.411-66.249Q-60.938-66.249-60.705-66.684Q-60.473-67.120-60.418-67.659Q-60.364-68.198-60.364-68.839Q-60.364-69.835-60.547-70.528Q-60.731-71.222-61.411-71.222Q-61.778-71.222-61.998-70.983Q-62.219-70.745-62.315-70.388Q-62.411-70.030-62.436-69.659Q-62.461-69.288-62.461-68.839Q-62.461-68.198-62.407-67.659Q-62.352-67.120-62.120-66.684Q-61.887-66.249-61.411-66.249M-56.805-67.472L-59.047-67.472L-59.047-67.768L-56.477-71.425Q-56.438-71.479-56.375-71.479L-56.231-71.479Q-56.180-71.479-56.149-71.448Q-56.118-71.417-56.118-71.366L-56.118-67.768L-55.286-67.768L-55.286-67.472L-56.118-67.472L-56.118-66.718Q-56.118-66.456-55.293-66.456L-55.293-66.159L-57.629-66.159L-57.629-66.456Q-56.805-66.456-56.805-66.718L-56.805-67.472M-56.750-70.573L-58.719-67.768L-56.750-67.768L-56.750-70.573M-52.918-65.991Q-53.590-65.991-53.987-66.415Q-54.383-66.839-54.536-67.458Q-54.688-68.077-54.688-68.745Q-54.688-69.405-54.416-70.038Q-54.145-70.671-53.631-71.075Q-53.118-71.479-52.446-71.479Q-52.157-71.479-51.909-71.380Q-51.661-71.280-51.514-71.079Q-51.368-70.878-51.368-70.573Q-51.368-70.468-51.418-70.376Q-51.469-70.284-51.561-70.233Q-51.653-70.182-51.758-70.182Q-51.926-70.182-52.039-70.296Q-52.153-70.409-52.153-70.573Q-52.153-70.733-52.043-70.850Q-51.934-70.968-51.766-70.968Q-51.965-71.237-52.446-71.237Q-52.864-71.237-53.196-70.960Q-53.528-70.682-53.704-70.264Q-53.903-69.764-53.903-68.862Q-53.739-69.186-53.459-69.386Q-53.180-69.585-52.832-69.585Q-52.348-69.585-51.963-69.339Q-51.579-69.093-51.366-68.684Q-51.153-68.276-51.153-67.792Q-51.153-67.300-51.383-66.888Q-51.614-66.475-52.024-66.233Q-52.434-65.991-52.918-65.991M-52.918-66.264Q-52.493-66.264-52.276-66.485Q-52.059-66.706-51.996-67.032Q-51.934-67.358-51.934-67.792Q-51.934-68.104-51.959-68.354Q-51.985-68.604-52.075-68.829Q-52.164-69.054-52.360-69.190Q-52.555-69.327-52.871-69.327Q-53.200-69.327-53.432-69.118Q-53.664-68.909-53.776-68.591Q-53.887-68.272-53.887-67.960Q-53.883-67.921-53.881-67.888Q-53.879-67.854-53.879-67.800Q-53.879-67.784-53.881-67.776Q-53.883-67.768-53.887-67.761Q-53.887-67.186-53.661-66.725Q-53.434-66.264-52.918-66.264\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr8\" font-size=\"8\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(151.488 76.755)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-64.067-66.190L-65.137-69.046Q-65.204-69.225-65.334-69.268Q-65.465-69.311-65.723-69.311L-65.723-69.608L-64.043-69.608L-64.043-69.311Q-64.493-69.311-64.493-69.112Q-64.489-69.097-64.487-69.079Q-64.485-69.061-64.485-69.046L-63.692-66.952L-62.981-68.862Q-63.016-68.956-63.016-69.001Q-63.016-69.046-63.051-69.046Q-63.118-69.225-63.248-69.268Q-63.379-69.311-63.633-69.311L-63.633-69.608L-62.043-69.608L-62.043-69.311Q-62.493-69.311-62.493-69.112Q-62.489-69.093-62.487-69.075Q-62.485-69.057-62.485-69.046L-61.653-66.831L-60.899-68.831Q-60.875-68.889-60.875-68.960Q-60.875-69.120-61.012-69.216Q-61.149-69.311-61.317-69.311L-61.317-69.608L-59.930-69.608L-59.930-69.311Q-60.164-69.311-60.342-69.184Q-60.520-69.057-60.602-68.831L-61.586-66.190Q-61.641-66.081-61.754-66.081L-61.813-66.081Q-61.926-66.081-61.969-66.190L-62.829-68.464L-63.684-66.190Q-63.723-66.081-63.844-66.081L-63.899-66.081Q-64.012-66.081-64.067-66.190\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(151.488 76.755)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-59.750-67.913Q-59.750-68.393-59.517-68.809Q-59.285-69.225-58.875-69.475Q-58.465-69.725-57.988-69.725Q-57.258-69.725-56.859-69.284Q-56.461-68.843-56.461-68.112Q-56.461-68.007-56.554-67.983L-59.004-67.983L-59.004-67.913Q-59.004-67.503-58.883-67.147Q-58.761-66.792-58.490-66.575Q-58.218-66.358-57.789-66.358Q-57.425-66.358-57.129-66.587Q-56.832-66.815-56.730-67.167Q-56.722-67.214-56.636-67.229L-56.554-67.229Q-56.461-67.202-56.461-67.120Q-56.461-67.112-56.468-67.081Q-56.531-66.854-56.670-66.671Q-56.808-66.487-57-66.354Q-57.191-66.222-57.410-66.151Q-57.629-66.081-57.867-66.081Q-58.238-66.081-58.576-66.218Q-58.914-66.354-59.181-66.606Q-59.449-66.858-59.599-67.198Q-59.750-67.538-59.750-67.913M-58.996-68.222L-57.035-68.222Q-57.035-68.526-57.136-68.817Q-57.238-69.108-57.455-69.290Q-57.672-69.472-57.988-69.472Q-58.289-69.472-58.519-69.284Q-58.750-69.097-58.873-68.805Q-58.996-68.514-58.996-68.222M-55.875-66.991Q-55.875-67.475-55.472-67.770Q-55.070-68.065-54.519-68.184Q-53.968-68.304-53.476-68.304L-53.476-68.593Q-53.476-68.819-53.592-69.026Q-53.707-69.233-53.904-69.352Q-54.101-69.472-54.332-69.472Q-54.758-69.472-55.043-69.366Q-54.972-69.339-54.925-69.284Q-54.879-69.229-54.853-69.159Q-54.828-69.089-54.828-69.014Q-54.828-68.909-54.879-68.817Q-54.929-68.725-55.021-68.675Q-55.113-68.624-55.218-68.624Q-55.324-68.624-55.416-68.675Q-55.508-68.725-55.558-68.817Q-55.609-68.909-55.609-69.014Q-55.609-69.432-55.220-69.579Q-54.832-69.725-54.332-69.725Q-54-69.725-53.646-69.595Q-53.293-69.464-53.064-69.210Q-52.836-68.956-52.836-68.608L-52.836-66.807Q-52.836-66.675-52.763-66.565Q-52.691-66.456-52.562-66.456Q-52.437-66.456-52.369-66.561Q-52.300-66.667-52.300-66.807L-52.300-67.319L-52.019-67.319L-52.019-66.807Q-52.019-66.604-52.136-66.446Q-52.254-66.288-52.435-66.204Q-52.617-66.120-52.820-66.120Q-53.050-66.120-53.203-66.292Q-53.355-66.464-53.386-66.694Q-53.547-66.413-53.855-66.247Q-54.164-66.081-54.515-66.081Q-55.027-66.081-55.451-66.304Q-55.875-66.526-55.875-66.991M-55.187-66.991Q-55.187-66.706-54.961-66.520Q-54.734-66.335-54.441-66.335Q-54.195-66.335-53.970-66.452Q-53.746-66.569-53.611-66.772Q-53.476-66.975-53.476-67.229L-53.476-68.061Q-53.742-68.061-54.027-68.007Q-54.312-67.952-54.584-67.823Q-54.855-67.694-55.021-67.487Q-55.187-67.280-55.187-66.991M-49.902-66.159L-51.699-66.159L-51.699-66.456Q-51.429-66.456-51.261-66.501Q-51.093-66.546-51.093-66.718L-51.093-70.878Q-51.093-71.093-51.156-71.188Q-51.218-71.284-51.336-71.305Q-51.453-71.327-51.699-71.327L-51.699-71.624L-50.476-71.710L-50.476-67.944L-49.379-68.831Q-49.172-69.011-49.172-69.159Q-49.172-69.225-49.224-69.268Q-49.277-69.311-49.347-69.311L-49.347-69.608L-47.812-69.608L-47.812-69.311Q-48.343-69.311-48.941-68.831L-49.550-68.335L-48.476-66.936Q-48.340-66.761-48.232-66.653Q-48.125-66.546-47.990-66.501Q-47.855-66.456-47.629-66.456L-47.629-66.159L-49.254-66.159L-49.254-66.456Q-49.011-66.456-49.011-66.608Q-49.011-66.686-49.054-66.757Q-49.097-66.827-49.179-66.936L-49.980-67.983L-50.508-67.557L-50.508-66.718Q-50.508-66.550-50.340-66.503Q-50.172-66.456-49.902-66.456\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(196.174 76.555)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-65.172-66.624Q-65.172-66.807-65.036-66.944Q-64.899-67.081-64.707-67.081Q-64.516-67.081-64.383-66.948Q-64.250-66.815-64.250-66.624Q-64.250-66.425-64.383-66.292Q-64.516-66.159-64.707-66.159Q-64.899-66.159-65.036-66.296Q-65.172-66.432-65.172-66.624M-61.411-65.991Q-62.114-65.991-62.514-66.391Q-62.914-66.792-63.059-67.401Q-63.204-68.011-63.204-68.710Q-63.204-69.233-63.133-69.696Q-63.063-70.159-62.870-70.571Q-62.676-70.983-62.319-71.231Q-61.961-71.479-61.411-71.479Q-60.860-71.479-60.502-71.231Q-60.145-70.983-59.954-70.573Q-59.762-70.163-59.692-69.694Q-59.621-69.225-59.621-68.710Q-59.621-68.011-59.764-67.403Q-59.907-66.796-60.307-66.393Q-60.707-65.991-61.411-65.991M-61.411-66.249Q-60.938-66.249-60.705-66.684Q-60.473-67.120-60.418-67.659Q-60.364-68.198-60.364-68.839Q-60.364-69.835-60.547-70.528Q-60.731-71.222-61.411-71.222Q-61.778-71.222-61.998-70.983Q-62.219-70.745-62.315-70.388Q-62.411-70.030-62.436-69.659Q-62.461-69.288-62.461-68.839Q-62.461-68.198-62.407-67.659Q-62.352-67.120-62.120-66.684Q-61.887-66.249-61.411-66.249M-56.805-67.472L-59.047-67.472L-59.047-67.768L-56.477-71.425Q-56.438-71.479-56.375-71.479L-56.231-71.479Q-56.180-71.479-56.149-71.448Q-56.118-71.417-56.118-71.366L-56.118-67.768L-55.286-67.768L-55.286-67.472L-56.118-67.472L-56.118-66.718Q-56.118-66.456-55.293-66.456L-55.293-66.159L-57.629-66.159L-57.629-66.456Q-56.805-66.456-56.805-66.718L-56.805-67.472M-56.750-70.573L-58.719-67.768L-56.750-67.768L-56.750-70.573M-54.200-67.038L-54.262-67.038Q-54.121-66.686-53.797-66.475Q-53.473-66.264-53.086-66.264Q-52.493-66.264-52.243-66.698Q-51.993-67.132-51.993-67.768Q-51.993-68.362-52.162-68.809Q-52.332-69.257-52.832-69.257Q-53.129-69.257-53.334-69.177Q-53.539-69.097-53.641-69.005Q-53.743-68.913-53.858-68.780Q-53.973-68.647-54.024-68.632L-54.094-68.632Q-54.180-68.655-54.200-68.733L-54.200-71.382Q-54.168-71.479-54.094-71.479Q-54.079-71.479-54.071-71.477Q-54.063-71.475-54.055-71.472Q-53.469-71.222-52.871-71.222Q-52.289-71.222-51.672-71.479L-51.649-71.479Q-51.606-71.479-51.579-71.454Q-51.551-71.429-51.551-71.389L-51.551-71.311Q-51.551-71.280-51.575-71.257Q-51.871-70.905-52.293-70.708Q-52.715-70.511-53.176-70.511Q-53.524-70.511-53.903-70.616L-53.903-69.120Q-53.684-69.315-53.409-69.413Q-53.133-69.511-52.832-69.511Q-52.375-69.511-52.006-69.263Q-51.637-69.014-51.430-68.610Q-51.223-68.206-51.223-67.761Q-51.223-67.272-51.479-66.864Q-51.735-66.456-52.166-66.223Q-52.598-65.991-53.086-65.991Q-53.481-65.991-53.836-66.182Q-54.192-66.374-54.403-66.708Q-54.614-67.042-54.614-67.456Q-54.614-67.636-54.496-67.749Q-54.379-67.862-54.200-67.862Q-54.082-67.862-53.991-67.809Q-53.899-67.757-53.846-67.665Q-53.793-67.573-53.793-67.456Q-53.793-67.272-53.907-67.155Q-54.020-67.038-54.200-67.038\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-68.737-57.623h216.242\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fsvg>\u003Cfigcaption class=\"tikz-cap\">Sample entries from the NRC VAD lexicon (Mohammad 2018). Each word gets a real-valued score in 0 to 1 on valence, arousal, and dominance; the three axes vary independently.\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>","\u003Csvg style=\"width:100%;max-width:305.841px;height:auto\" xmlns=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg\" viewBox=\"-75 -75 229.381 118.879\">\u003Cg stroke=\"currentColor\" style=\"stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-width:.4\">\u003Cg transform=\"rotate(-55 -36.866 -59.297)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-40.241-37.141Q-40.241-37.473-40.018-37.700Q-39.794-37.927-39.450-38.055Q-39.107-38.184-38.734-38.236Q-38.362-38.289-38.057-38.289L-38.057-38.542Q-38.057-38.747-38.165-38.927Q-38.273-39.106-38.454-39.209Q-38.635-39.311-38.843-39.311Q-39.250-39.311-39.486-39.219Q-39.397-39.182-39.351-39.098Q-39.305-39.014-39.305-38.912Q-39.305-38.816-39.351-38.737Q-39.397-38.659-39.478-38.614Q-39.558-38.570-39.647-38.570Q-39.797-38.570-39.898-38.667Q-39.999-38.765-39.999-38.912Q-39.999-39.534-38.843-39.534Q-38.632-39.534-38.382-39.470Q-38.133-39.407-37.931-39.288Q-37.729-39.168-37.603-38.983Q-37.476-38.799-37.476-38.556L-37.476-36.980Q-37.476-36.864-37.415-36.768Q-37.353-36.673-37.240-36.673Q-37.131-36.673-37.066-36.767Q-37.001-36.861-37.001-36.980L-37.001-37.428L-36.735-37.428L-36.735-36.980Q-36.735-36.710-36.962-36.545Q-37.189-36.379-37.469-36.379Q-37.678-36.379-37.815-36.533Q-37.951-36.686-37.975-36.902Q-38.122-36.635-38.404-36.490Q-38.686-36.345-39.011-36.345Q-39.288-36.345-39.572-36.420Q-39.855-36.495-40.048-36.674Q-40.241-36.854-40.241-37.141M-39.626-37.141Q-39.626-36.967-39.525-36.837Q-39.425-36.707-39.269-36.637Q-39.114-36.567-38.949-36.567Q-38.731-36.567-38.522-36.664Q-38.314-36.762-38.186-36.943Q-38.057-37.124-38.057-37.350L-38.057-38.078Q-38.382-38.078-38.748-37.987Q-39.114-37.896-39.370-37.684Q-39.626-37.473-39.626-37.141M-34.636-36.413L-36.270-36.413L-36.270-36.693Q-36.041-36.693-35.892-36.727Q-35.743-36.762-35.743-36.902L-35.743-38.751Q-35.743-39.021-35.851-39.082Q-35.959-39.144-36.270-39.144L-36.270-39.424L-35.210-39.499L-35.210-38.850Q-35.039-39.158-34.735-39.329Q-34.431-39.499-34.086-39.499Q-33.580-39.499-33.296-39.276Q-33.012-39.052-33.012-38.556L-33.012-36.902Q-33.012-36.765-32.864-36.729Q-32.715-36.693-32.489-36.693L-32.489-36.413L-34.120-36.413L-34.120-36.693Q-33.891-36.693-33.742-36.727Q-33.593-36.762-33.593-36.902L-33.593-38.542Q-33.593-38.877-33.713-39.077Q-33.833-39.277-34.147-39.277Q-34.417-39.277-34.651-39.141Q-34.885-39.004-35.024-38.770Q-35.162-38.536-35.162-38.262L-35.162-36.902Q-35.162-36.765-35.012-36.729Q-34.862-36.693-34.636-36.693L-34.636-36.413M-31.943-35.880Q-31.943-36.126-31.746-36.310Q-31.550-36.495-31.293-36.574Q-31.430-36.686-31.502-36.847Q-31.573-37.008-31.573-37.189Q-31.573-37.510-31.362-37.756Q-31.697-38.054-31.697-38.464Q-31.697-38.925-31.307-39.212Q-30.917-39.499-30.439-39.499Q-29.967-39.499-29.632-39.253Q-29.458-39.407-29.248-39.489Q-29.037-39.571-28.808-39.571Q-28.644-39.571-28.523-39.464Q-28.402-39.356-28.402-39.192Q-28.402-39.096-28.473-39.024Q-28.545-38.953-28.637-38.953Q-28.737-38.953-28.807-39.026Q-28.877-39.100-28.877-39.199Q-28.877-39.253-28.863-39.284L-28.856-39.298Q-28.849-39.318-28.841-39.329Q-28.832-39.339-28.829-39.346Q-29.184-39.346-29.471-39.123Q-29.184-38.830-29.184-38.464Q-29.184-38.149-29.369-37.917Q-29.553-37.684-29.842-37.556Q-30.131-37.428-30.439-37.428Q-30.640-37.428-30.832-37.478Q-31.023-37.527-31.201-37.637Q-31.293-37.510-31.293-37.367Q-31.293-37.185-31.165-37.050Q-31.037-36.915-30.852-36.915L-30.220-36.915Q-29.772-36.915-29.403-36.844Q-29.034-36.772-28.774-36.543Q-28.514-36.314-28.514-35.880Q-28.514-35.559-28.810-35.357Q-29.106-35.155-29.509-35.066Q-29.912-34.977-30.227-34.977Q-30.545-34.977-30.948-35.066Q-31.351-35.155-31.647-35.357Q-31.943-35.559-31.943-35.880M-31.488-35.880Q-31.488-35.651-31.269-35.502Q-31.051-35.353-30.758-35.285Q-30.466-35.217-30.227-35.217Q-30.063-35.217-29.854-35.253Q-29.646-35.288-29.439-35.369Q-29.232-35.449-29.101-35.577Q-28.969-35.705-28.969-35.880Q-28.969-36.232-29.350-36.326Q-29.731-36.420-30.234-36.420L-30.852-36.420Q-31.092-36.420-31.290-36.269Q-31.488-36.119-31.488-35.880M-30.439-37.667Q-29.772-37.667-29.772-38.464Q-29.772-39.264-30.439-39.264Q-31.109-39.264-31.109-38.464Q-31.109-37.667-30.439-37.667M-27.961-37.948Q-27.961-38.269-27.836-38.558Q-27.711-38.847-27.486-39.070Q-27.260-39.294-26.964-39.414Q-26.669-39.534-26.351-39.534Q-26.023-39.534-25.761-39.434Q-25.500-39.335-25.324-39.153Q-25.148-38.970-25.054-38.712Q-24.960-38.454-24.960-38.122Q-24.960-38.030-25.042-38.009L-27.298-38.009L-27.298-37.948Q-27.298-37.360-27.014-36.977Q-26.730-36.594-26.163-36.594Q-25.842-36.594-25.573-36.787Q-25.305-36.980-25.216-37.295Q-25.209-37.336-25.134-37.350L-25.042-37.350Q-24.960-37.326-24.960-37.254Q-24.960-37.247-24.967-37.220Q-25.079-36.823-25.450-36.584Q-25.821-36.345-26.245-36.345Q-26.682-36.345-27.082-36.553Q-27.482-36.762-27.721-37.129Q-27.961-37.496-27.961-37.948M-27.291-38.218L-25.476-38.218Q-25.476-38.495-25.573-38.747Q-25.671-39-25.869-39.156Q-26.067-39.311-26.351-39.311Q-26.628-39.311-26.841-39.153Q-27.055-38.994-27.173-38.739Q-27.291-38.484-27.291-38.218M-22.622-36.413L-24.358-36.413L-24.358-36.693Q-24.129-36.693-23.980-36.727Q-23.832-36.762-23.832-36.902L-23.832-38.751Q-23.832-39.021-23.939-39.082Q-24.047-39.144-24.358-39.144L-24.358-39.424L-23.329-39.499L-23.329-38.792Q-23.199-39.100-22.957-39.299Q-22.714-39.499-22.396-39.499Q-22.177-39.499-22.007-39.375Q-21.836-39.250-21.836-39.038Q-21.836-38.901-21.935-38.802Q-22.034-38.703-22.167-38.703Q-22.304-38.703-22.403-38.802Q-22.502-38.901-22.502-39.038Q-22.502-39.178-22.403-39.277Q-22.694-39.277-22.894-39.081Q-23.093-38.884-23.186-38.590Q-23.278-38.296-23.278-38.016L-23.278-36.902Q-23.278-36.693-22.622-36.693\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"rotate(-55 -26.578 -77.004)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-40.241-37.141Q-40.241-37.473-40.018-37.700Q-39.794-37.927-39.450-38.055Q-39.107-38.184-38.734-38.236Q-38.362-38.289-38.057-38.289L-38.057-38.542Q-38.057-38.747-38.165-38.927Q-38.273-39.106-38.454-39.209Q-38.635-39.311-38.843-39.311Q-39.250-39.311-39.486-39.219Q-39.397-39.182-39.351-39.098Q-39.305-39.014-39.305-38.912Q-39.305-38.816-39.351-38.737Q-39.397-38.659-39.478-38.614Q-39.558-38.570-39.647-38.570Q-39.797-38.570-39.898-38.667Q-39.999-38.765-39.999-38.912Q-39.999-39.534-38.843-39.534Q-38.632-39.534-38.382-39.470Q-38.133-39.407-37.931-39.288Q-37.729-39.168-37.603-38.983Q-37.476-38.799-37.476-38.556L-37.476-36.980Q-37.476-36.864-37.415-36.768Q-37.353-36.673-37.240-36.673Q-37.131-36.673-37.066-36.767Q-37.001-36.861-37.001-36.980L-37.001-37.428L-36.735-37.428L-36.735-36.980Q-36.735-36.710-36.962-36.545Q-37.189-36.379-37.469-36.379Q-37.678-36.379-37.815-36.533Q-37.951-36.686-37.975-36.902Q-38.122-36.635-38.404-36.490Q-38.686-36.345-39.011-36.345Q-39.288-36.345-39.572-36.420Q-39.855-36.495-40.048-36.674Q-40.241-36.854-40.241-37.141M-39.626-37.141Q-39.626-36.967-39.525-36.837Q-39.425-36.707-39.269-36.637Q-39.114-36.567-38.949-36.567Q-38.731-36.567-38.522-36.664Q-38.314-36.762-38.186-36.943Q-38.057-37.124-38.057-37.350L-38.057-38.078Q-38.382-38.078-38.748-37.987Q-39.114-37.896-39.370-37.684Q-39.626-37.473-39.626-37.141M-34.636-36.413L-36.270-36.413L-36.270-36.693Q-36.041-36.693-35.892-36.727Q-35.743-36.762-35.743-36.902L-35.743-38.751Q-35.743-39.021-35.851-39.082Q-35.959-39.144-36.270-39.144L-36.270-39.424L-35.210-39.499L-35.210-38.850Q-35.039-39.158-34.735-39.329Q-34.431-39.499-34.086-39.499Q-33.580-39.499-33.296-39.276Q-33.012-39.052-33.012-38.556L-33.012-36.902Q-33.012-36.765-32.864-36.729Q-32.715-36.693-32.489-36.693L-32.489-36.413L-34.120-36.413L-34.120-36.693Q-33.891-36.693-33.742-36.727Q-33.593-36.762-33.593-36.902L-33.593-38.542Q-33.593-38.877-33.713-39.077Q-33.833-39.277-34.147-39.277Q-34.417-39.277-34.651-39.141Q-34.885-39.004-35.024-38.770Q-35.162-38.536-35.162-38.262L-35.162-36.902Q-35.162-36.765-35.012-36.729Q-34.862-36.693-34.636-36.693\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"rotate(-55 -26.578 -77.004)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-31.586-37.254L-31.586-39.151L-32.225-39.151L-32.225-39.373Q-31.907-39.373-31.690-39.583Q-31.473-39.793-31.373-40.103Q-31.272-40.412-31.272-40.720L-31.005-40.720L-31.005-39.431L-29.928-39.431L-29.928-39.151L-31.005-39.151L-31.005-37.267Q-31.005-36.991-30.901-36.792Q-30.797-36.594-30.537-36.594Q-30.380-36.594-30.274-36.698Q-30.168-36.803-30.118-36.956Q-30.069-37.110-30.069-37.267L-30.069-37.681L-29.802-37.681L-29.802-37.254Q-29.802-37.028-29.901-36.818Q-30-36.608-30.185-36.476Q-30.369-36.345-30.598-36.345Q-31.036-36.345-31.311-36.582Q-31.586-36.820-31.586-37.254M-27.375-36.413L-28.927-36.413L-28.927-36.693Q-28.701-36.693-28.553-36.727Q-28.404-36.762-28.404-36.902L-28.404-38.751Q-28.404-38.939-28.452-39.023Q-28.500-39.106-28.597-39.125Q-28.695-39.144-28.906-39.144L-28.906-39.424L-27.850-39.499L-27.850-36.902Q-27.850-36.762-27.719-36.727Q-27.587-36.693-27.375-36.693L-27.375-36.413M-28.647-40.720Q-28.647-40.891-28.524-41.010Q-28.401-41.130-28.230-41.130Q-28.062-41.130-27.939-41.010Q-27.816-40.891-27.816-40.720Q-27.816-40.545-27.939-40.422Q-28.062-40.299-28.230-40.299Q-28.401-40.299-28.524-40.422Q-28.647-40.545-28.647-40.720M-26.729-37.924Q-26.729-38.252-26.594-38.553Q-26.459-38.853-26.223-39.074Q-25.988-39.294-25.683-39.414Q-25.379-39.534-25.054-39.534Q-24.549-39.534-24.200-39.431Q-23.851-39.329-23.851-38.953Q-23.851-38.806-23.949-38.705Q-24.046-38.604-24.193-38.604Q-24.347-38.604-24.446-38.703Q-24.545-38.802-24.545-38.953Q-24.545-39.141-24.405-39.233Q-24.607-39.284-25.048-39.284Q-25.403-39.284-25.632-39.088Q-25.861-38.891-25.962-38.582Q-26.063-38.272-26.063-37.924Q-26.063-37.575-25.936-37.269Q-25.810-36.963-25.555-36.779Q-25.301-36.594-24.945-36.594Q-24.723-36.594-24.538-36.678Q-24.354-36.762-24.219-36.917Q-24.084-37.073-24.026-37.281Q-24.012-37.336-23.957-37.336L-23.844-37.336Q-23.814-37.336-23.792-37.312Q-23.769-37.288-23.769-37.254L-23.769-37.233Q-23.855-36.946-24.043-36.748Q-24.231-36.550-24.496-36.447Q-24.760-36.345-25.054-36.345Q-25.485-36.345-25.873-36.551Q-26.261-36.758-26.495-37.121Q-26.729-37.483-26.729-37.924\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"rotate(-55 -18.338 -93.646)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-40.300-37.924Q-40.300-38.262-40.159-38.553Q-40.019-38.843-39.775-39.057Q-39.531-39.270-39.226-39.385Q-38.922-39.499-38.597-39.499Q-38.327-39.499-38.064-39.400Q-37.801-39.301-37.610-39.123L-37.610-40.521Q-37.610-40.791-37.717-40.853Q-37.825-40.914-38.136-40.914L-38.136-41.195L-37.059-41.270L-37.059-37.086Q-37.059-36.898-37.005-36.815Q-36.950-36.731-36.849-36.712Q-36.748-36.693-36.533-36.693L-36.533-36.413L-37.640-36.345L-37.640-36.762Q-38.057-36.345-38.683-36.345Q-39.114-36.345-39.486-36.557Q-39.859-36.768-40.079-37.129Q-40.300-37.490-40.300-37.924M-38.625-36.567Q-38.416-36.567-38.230-36.639Q-38.044-36.710-37.890-36.847Q-37.736-36.984-37.640-37.162L-37.640-38.771Q-37.726-38.918-37.871-39.038Q-38.016-39.158-38.186-39.217Q-38.355-39.277-38.536-39.277Q-39.096-39.277-39.365-38.888Q-39.633-38.498-39.633-37.917Q-39.633-37.346-39.399-36.956Q-39.165-36.567-38.625-36.567M-34.267-36.413L-35.819-36.413L-35.819-36.693Q-35.593-36.693-35.444-36.727Q-35.296-36.762-35.296-36.902L-35.296-38.751Q-35.296-38.939-35.343-39.023Q-35.391-39.106-35.489-39.125Q-35.586-39.144-35.798-39.144L-35.798-39.424L-34.742-39.499L-34.742-36.902Q-34.742-36.762-34.610-36.727Q-34.479-36.693-34.267-36.693L-34.267-36.413M-35.538-40.720Q-35.538-40.891-35.415-41.010Q-35.292-41.130-35.121-41.130Q-34.954-41.130-34.831-41.010Q-34.708-40.891-34.708-40.720Q-34.708-40.545-34.831-40.422Q-34.954-40.299-35.121-40.299Q-35.292-40.299-35.415-40.422Q-35.538-40.545-35.538-40.720M-33.621-36.420L-33.621-37.483Q-33.621-37.507-33.593-37.534Q-33.566-37.561-33.542-37.561L-33.433-37.561Q-33.368-37.561-33.354-37.503Q-33.259-37.069-33.012-36.818Q-32.766-36.567-32.353-36.567Q-32.011-36.567-31.758-36.700Q-31.505-36.833-31.505-37.141Q-31.505-37.298-31.599-37.413Q-31.693-37.527-31.832-37.596Q-31.970-37.664-32.137-37.702L-32.718-37.801Q-33.074-37.869-33.347-38.090Q-33.621-38.310-33.621-38.652Q-33.621-38.901-33.510-39.076Q-33.399-39.250-33.212-39.349Q-33.026-39.448-32.811-39.491Q-32.595-39.534-32.353-39.534Q-31.939-39.534-31.659-39.352L-31.444-39.527Q-31.433-39.530-31.426-39.532Q-31.420-39.534-31.409-39.534L-31.358-39.534Q-31.331-39.534-31.307-39.510Q-31.283-39.486-31.283-39.458L-31.283-38.611Q-31.283-38.590-31.307-38.563Q-31.331-38.536-31.358-38.536L-31.471-38.536Q-31.498-38.536-31.524-38.561Q-31.550-38.587-31.550-38.611Q-31.550-38.847-31.656-39.011Q-31.761-39.175-31.944-39.257Q-32.127-39.339-32.360-39.339Q-32.688-39.339-32.944-39.236Q-33.200-39.134-33.200-38.857Q-33.200-38.662-33.018-38.553Q-32.835-38.443-32.606-38.402L-32.031-38.296Q-31.785-38.248-31.572-38.120Q-31.358-37.992-31.221-37.789Q-31.085-37.585-31.085-37.336Q-31.085-36.823-31.450-36.584Q-31.816-36.345-32.353-36.345Q-32.848-36.345-33.180-36.639L-33.447-36.365Q-33.467-36.345-33.494-36.345L-33.542-36.345Q-33.566-36.345-33.593-36.372Q-33.621-36.399-33.621-36.420M-30.497-35.880Q-30.497-36.126-30.300-36.310Q-30.104-36.495-29.847-36.574Q-29.984-36.686-30.056-36.847Q-30.128-37.008-30.128-37.189Q-30.128-37.510-29.916-37.756Q-30.251-38.054-30.251-38.464Q-30.251-38.925-29.861-39.212Q-29.471-39.499-28.993-39.499Q-28.521-39.499-28.186-39.253Q-28.012-39.407-27.802-39.489Q-27.592-39.571-27.363-39.571Q-27.198-39.571-27.077-39.464Q-26.956-39.356-26.956-39.192Q-26.956-39.096-27.028-39.024Q-27.099-38.953-27.192-38.953Q-27.291-38.953-27.361-39.026Q-27.431-39.100-27.431-39.199Q-27.431-39.253-27.417-39.284L-27.410-39.298Q-27.404-39.318-27.395-39.329Q-27.386-39.339-27.383-39.346Q-27.739-39.346-28.026-39.123Q-27.739-38.830-27.739-38.464Q-27.739-38.149-27.923-37.917Q-28.108-37.684-28.396-37.556Q-28.685-37.428-28.993-37.428Q-29.195-37.428-29.386-37.478Q-29.577-37.527-29.755-37.637Q-29.847-37.510-29.847-37.367Q-29.847-37.185-29.719-37.050Q-29.591-36.915-29.406-36.915L-28.774-36.915Q-28.326-36.915-27.957-36.844Q-27.588-36.772-27.328-36.543Q-27.069-36.314-27.069-35.880Q-27.069-35.559-27.364-35.357Q-27.660-35.155-28.063-35.066Q-28.467-34.977-28.781-34.977Q-29.099-34.977-29.502-35.066Q-29.906-35.155-30.201-35.357Q-30.497-35.559-30.497-35.880M-30.042-35.880Q-30.042-35.651-29.823-35.502Q-29.605-35.353-29.312-35.285Q-29.020-35.217-28.781-35.217Q-28.617-35.217-28.408-35.253Q-28.200-35.288-27.993-35.369Q-27.786-35.449-27.655-35.577Q-27.523-35.705-27.523-35.880Q-27.523-36.232-27.904-36.326Q-28.285-36.420-28.788-36.420L-29.406-36.420Q-29.646-36.420-29.844-36.269Q-30.042-36.119-30.042-35.880M-28.993-37.667Q-28.326-37.667-28.326-38.464Q-28.326-39.264-28.993-39.264Q-29.663-39.264-29.663-38.464Q-29.663-37.667-28.993-37.667M-25.900-37.247L-25.900-38.751Q-25.900-39.021-26.007-39.082Q-26.115-39.144-26.426-39.144L-26.426-39.424L-25.319-39.499L-25.319-37.267L-25.319-37.247Q-25.319-36.967-25.267-36.823Q-25.216-36.680-25.074-36.623Q-24.932-36.567-24.645-36.567Q-24.392-36.567-24.187-36.707Q-23.982-36.847-23.866-37.073Q-23.750-37.298-23.750-37.548L-23.750-38.751Q-23.750-39.021-23.857-39.082Q-23.965-39.144-24.276-39.144L-24.276-39.424L-23.169-39.499L-23.169-37.086Q-23.169-36.895-23.116-36.813Q-23.063-36.731-22.962-36.712Q-22.861-36.693-22.646-36.693L-22.646-36.413L-23.722-36.345L-23.722-36.909Q-23.832-36.727-23.977-36.604Q-24.122-36.481-24.309-36.413Q-24.495-36.345-24.697-36.345Q-25.900-36.345-25.900-37.247M-22.058-36.420L-22.058-37.483Q-22.058-37.507-22.031-37.534Q-22.003-37.561-21.979-37.561L-21.870-37.561Q-21.805-37.561-21.791-37.503Q-21.696-37.069-21.449-36.818Q-21.203-36.567-20.790-36.567Q-20.448-36.567-20.195-36.700Q-19.942-36.833-19.942-37.141Q-19.942-37.298-20.036-37.413Q-20.130-37.527-20.269-37.596Q-20.407-37.664-20.574-37.702L-21.156-37.801Q-21.511-37.869-21.784-38.090Q-22.058-38.310-22.058-38.652Q-22.058-38.901-21.947-39.076Q-21.836-39.250-21.649-39.349Q-21.463-39.448-21.248-39.491Q-21.032-39.534-20.790-39.534Q-20.376-39.534-20.096-39.352L-19.881-39.527Q-19.870-39.530-19.864-39.532Q-19.857-39.534-19.846-39.534L-19.795-39.534Q-19.768-39.534-19.744-39.510Q-19.720-39.486-19.720-39.458L-19.720-38.611Q-19.720-38.590-19.744-38.563Q-19.768-38.536-19.795-38.536L-19.908-38.536Q-19.935-38.536-19.961-38.561Q-19.987-38.587-19.987-38.611Q-19.987-38.847-20.093-39.011Q-20.198-39.175-20.381-39.257Q-20.564-39.339-20.797-39.339Q-21.125-39.339-21.381-39.236Q-21.637-39.134-21.637-38.857Q-21.637-38.662-21.455-38.553Q-21.272-38.443-21.043-38.402L-20.468-38.296Q-20.222-38.248-20.009-38.120Q-19.795-37.992-19.658-37.789Q-19.522-37.585-19.522-37.336Q-19.522-36.823-19.887-36.584Q-20.253-36.345-20.790-36.345Q-21.285-36.345-21.617-36.639L-21.884-36.365Q-21.904-36.345-21.931-36.345L-21.979-36.345Q-22.003-36.345-22.031-36.372Q-22.058-36.399-22.058-36.420M-18.366-37.254L-18.366-39.151L-19.006-39.151L-19.006-39.373Q-18.688-39.373-18.471-39.583Q-18.254-39.793-18.153-40.103Q-18.052-40.412-18.052-40.720L-17.785-40.720L-17.785-39.431L-16.709-39.431L-16.709-39.151L-17.785-39.151L-17.785-37.267Q-17.785-36.991-17.681-36.792Q-17.577-36.594-17.317-36.594Q-17.160-36.594-17.054-36.698Q-16.948-36.803-16.898-36.956Q-16.849-37.110-16.849-37.267L-16.849-37.681L-16.582-37.681L-16.582-37.254Q-16.582-37.028-16.681-36.818Q-16.781-36.608-16.965-36.476Q-17.150-36.345-17.379-36.345Q-17.816-36.345-18.091-36.582Q-18.366-36.820-18.366-37.254\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"rotate(-55 -8.864 -110.93)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.502-36.413L-40.235-36.413L-40.235-36.693Q-40.009-36.693-39.860-36.727Q-39.712-36.762-39.712-36.902L-39.712-39.151L-40.300-39.151L-40.300-39.431L-39.712-39.431L-39.712-40.248Q-39.712-40.566-39.534-40.814Q-39.356-41.061-39.066-41.202Q-38.775-41.342-38.464-41.342Q-38.208-41.342-38.004-41.200Q-37.801-41.058-37.801-40.815Q-37.801-40.679-37.900-40.580Q-37.999-40.480-38.136-40.480Q-38.273-40.480-38.372-40.580Q-38.471-40.679-38.471-40.815Q-38.471-40.996-38.331-41.089Q-38.409-41.116-38.509-41.116Q-38.717-41.116-38.871-40.983Q-39.025-40.850-39.105-40.646Q-39.185-40.443-39.185-40.234L-39.185-39.431L-38.297-39.431L-38.297-39.151L-39.158-39.151L-39.158-36.902Q-39.158-36.693-38.502-36.693L-38.502-36.413M-37.863-37.948Q-37.863-38.269-37.738-38.558Q-37.613-38.847-37.387-39.070Q-37.162-39.294-36.866-39.414Q-36.571-39.534-36.253-39.534Q-35.925-39.534-35.663-39.434Q-35.402-39.335-35.226-39.153Q-35.050-38.970-34.956-38.712Q-34.862-38.454-34.862-38.122Q-34.862-38.030-34.944-38.009L-37.199-38.009L-37.199-37.948Q-37.199-37.360-36.916-36.977Q-36.632-36.594-36.065-36.594Q-35.743-36.594-35.475-36.787Q-35.207-36.980-35.118-37.295Q-35.111-37.336-35.036-37.350L-34.944-37.350Q-34.862-37.326-34.862-37.254Q-34.862-37.247-34.868-37.220Q-34.981-36.823-35.352-36.584Q-35.723-36.345-36.147-36.345Q-36.584-36.345-36.984-36.553Q-37.384-36.762-37.623-37.129Q-37.863-37.496-37.863-37.948M-37.193-38.218L-35.378-38.218Q-35.378-38.495-35.475-38.747Q-35.572-39-35.771-39.156Q-35.969-39.311-36.253-39.311Q-36.530-39.311-36.743-39.153Q-36.957-38.994-37.075-38.739Q-37.193-38.484-37.193-38.218M-34.216-37.141Q-34.216-37.473-33.992-37.700Q-33.768-37.927-33.424-38.055Q-33.081-38.184-32.708-38.236Q-32.336-38.289-32.031-38.289L-32.031-38.542Q-32.031-38.747-32.139-38.927Q-32.247-39.106-32.428-39.209Q-32.609-39.311-32.818-39.311Q-33.224-39.311-33.460-39.219Q-33.371-39.182-33.325-39.098Q-33.279-39.014-33.279-38.912Q-33.279-38.816-33.325-38.737Q-33.371-38.659-33.452-38.614Q-33.532-38.570-33.621-38.570Q-33.771-38.570-33.872-38.667Q-33.973-38.765-33.973-38.912Q-33.973-39.534-32.818-39.534Q-32.606-39.534-32.356-39.470Q-32.107-39.407-31.905-39.288Q-31.703-39.168-31.577-38.983Q-31.450-38.799-31.450-38.556L-31.450-36.980Q-31.450-36.864-31.389-36.768Q-31.327-36.673-31.215-36.673Q-31.105-36.673-31.040-36.767Q-30.975-36.861-30.975-36.980L-30.975-37.428L-30.709-37.428L-30.709-36.980Q-30.709-36.710-30.936-36.545Q-31.163-36.379-31.444-36.379Q-31.652-36.379-31.789-36.533Q-31.926-36.686-31.949-36.902Q-32.096-36.635-32.378-36.490Q-32.660-36.345-32.985-36.345Q-33.262-36.345-33.546-36.420Q-33.829-36.495-34.022-36.674Q-34.216-36.854-34.216-37.141M-33.600-37.141Q-33.600-36.967-33.499-36.837Q-33.399-36.707-33.243-36.637Q-33.088-36.567-32.924-36.567Q-32.705-36.567-32.496-36.664Q-32.288-36.762-32.160-36.943Q-32.031-37.124-32.031-37.350L-32.031-38.078Q-32.356-38.078-32.722-37.987Q-33.088-37.896-33.344-37.684Q-33.600-37.473-33.600-37.141M-28.542-36.413L-30.278-36.413L-30.278-36.693Q-30.049-36.693-29.900-36.727Q-29.752-36.762-29.752-36.902L-29.752-38.751Q-29.752-39.021-29.859-39.082Q-29.967-39.144-30.278-39.144L-30.278-39.424L-29.249-39.499L-29.249-38.792Q-29.119-39.100-28.877-39.299Q-28.634-39.499-28.316-39.499Q-28.097-39.499-27.926-39.375Q-27.756-39.250-27.756-39.038Q-27.756-38.901-27.855-38.802Q-27.954-38.703-28.087-38.703Q-28.224-38.703-28.323-38.802Q-28.422-38.901-28.422-39.038Q-28.422-39.178-28.323-39.277Q-28.614-39.277-28.813-39.081Q-29.013-38.884-29.106-38.590Q-29.198-38.296-29.198-38.016L-29.198-36.902Q-29.198-36.693-28.542-36.693\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"rotate(-55 -.77 -127.495)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-40.829-35.565Q-40.829-35.716-40.729-35.813Q-40.628-35.911-40.481-35.911Q-40.392-35.911-40.312-35.866Q-40.231-35.822-40.185-35.743Q-40.139-35.664-40.139-35.565Q-40.139-35.364-40.300-35.265Q-40.159-35.210-39.954-35.210Q-39.684-35.210-39.568-35.483Q-39.452-35.757-39.452-36.071L-39.452-38.751Q-39.452-39.017-39.578-39.081Q-39.705-39.144-40.033-39.144L-40.033-39.424L-38.898-39.499L-38.898-36.051Q-38.898-35.764-39.045-35.519Q-39.192-35.275-39.443-35.130Q-39.695-34.984-39.971-34.984Q-40.300-34.984-40.564-35.126Q-40.829-35.268-40.829-35.565M-39.732-40.720Q-39.732-40.891-39.609-41.010Q-39.486-41.130-39.312-41.130Q-39.144-41.130-39.021-41.010Q-38.898-40.891-38.898-40.720Q-38.898-40.545-39.021-40.422Q-39.144-40.299-39.312-40.299Q-39.486-40.299-39.609-40.422Q-39.732-40.545-39.732-40.720M-37.863-37.896Q-37.863-38.238-37.728-38.537Q-37.593-38.836-37.353-39.060Q-37.114-39.284-36.796-39.409Q-36.478-39.534-36.147-39.534Q-35.702-39.534-35.302-39.318Q-34.903-39.103-34.668-38.725Q-34.434-38.348-34.434-37.896Q-34.434-37.555-34.576-37.271Q-34.718-36.987-34.962-36.780Q-35.207-36.574-35.516-36.459Q-35.825-36.345-36.147-36.345Q-36.577-36.345-36.979-36.546Q-37.381-36.748-37.622-37.100Q-37.863-37.452-37.863-37.896M-36.147-36.594Q-35.545-36.594-35.321-36.972Q-35.097-37.350-35.097-37.982Q-35.097-38.594-35.332-38.953Q-35.566-39.311-36.147-39.311Q-37.199-39.311-37.199-37.982Q-37.199-37.350-36.974-36.972Q-36.748-36.594-36.147-36.594\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"rotate(-55 -.77 -127.495)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-33.715-35.278Q-33.585-35.210-33.448-35.210Q-33.277-35.210-33.127-35.299Q-32.976-35.388-32.865-35.533Q-32.754-35.678-32.676-35.846L-32.412-36.413L-33.581-38.939Q-33.656-39.086-33.786-39.118Q-33.916-39.151-34.149-39.151L-34.149-39.431L-32.628-39.431L-32.628-39.151Q-32.976-39.151-32.976-39.004Q-32.973-38.983-32.971-38.966Q-32.969-38.949-32.969-38.939L-32.112-37.080L-31.339-38.751Q-31.305-38.819-31.305-38.898Q-31.305-39.011-31.389-39.081Q-31.472-39.151-31.585-39.151L-31.585-39.431L-30.389-39.431L-30.389-39.151Q-30.608-39.151-30.780-39.047Q-30.953-38.942-31.045-38.751L-32.382-35.846Q-32.552-35.476-32.822-35.230Q-33.093-34.984-33.448-34.984Q-33.718-34.984-33.937-35.150Q-34.156-35.316-34.156-35.579Q-34.156-35.716-34.063-35.805Q-33.971-35.893-33.831-35.893Q-33.694-35.893-33.605-35.805Q-33.516-35.716-33.516-35.579Q-33.516-35.476-33.569-35.398Q-33.622-35.319-33.715-35.278\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"rotate(-55 8.776 -144.817)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-40.300-36.420L-40.300-37.483Q-40.300-37.507-40.272-37.534Q-40.245-37.561-40.221-37.561L-40.112-37.561Q-40.047-37.561-40.033-37.503Q-39.937-37.069-39.691-36.818Q-39.445-36.567-39.031-36.567Q-38.690-36.567-38.437-36.700Q-38.184-36.833-38.184-37.141Q-38.184-37.298-38.278-37.413Q-38.372-37.527-38.510-37.596Q-38.649-37.664-38.816-37.702L-39.397-37.801Q-39.753-37.869-40.026-38.090Q-40.300-38.310-40.300-38.652Q-40.300-38.901-40.188-39.076Q-40.077-39.250-39.891-39.349Q-39.705-39.448-39.489-39.491Q-39.274-39.534-39.031-39.534Q-38.618-39.534-38.338-39.352L-38.122-39.527Q-38.112-39.530-38.105-39.532Q-38.098-39.534-38.088-39.534L-38.037-39.534Q-38.010-39.534-37.986-39.510Q-37.962-39.486-37.962-39.458L-37.962-38.611Q-37.962-38.590-37.986-38.563Q-38.010-38.536-38.037-38.536L-38.150-38.536Q-38.177-38.536-38.203-38.561Q-38.228-38.587-38.228-38.611Q-38.228-38.847-38.334-39.011Q-38.440-39.175-38.623-39.257Q-38.806-39.339-39.038-39.339Q-39.366-39.339-39.623-39.236Q-39.879-39.134-39.879-38.857Q-39.879-38.662-39.696-38.553Q-39.513-38.443-39.284-38.402L-38.710-38.296Q-38.464-38.248-38.250-38.120Q-38.037-37.992-37.900-37.789Q-37.763-37.585-37.763-37.336Q-37.763-36.823-38.129-36.584Q-38.495-36.345-39.031-36.345Q-39.527-36.345-39.859-36.639L-40.125-36.365Q-40.146-36.345-40.173-36.345L-40.221-36.345Q-40.245-36.345-40.272-36.372Q-40.300-36.399-40.300-36.420M-37.076-37.141Q-37.076-37.473-36.853-37.700Q-36.629-37.927-36.285-38.055Q-35.942-38.184-35.569-38.236Q-35.197-38.289-34.892-38.289L-34.892-38.542Q-34.892-38.747-35-38.927Q-35.108-39.106-35.289-39.209Q-35.470-39.311-35.678-39.311Q-36.085-39.311-36.321-39.219Q-36.232-39.182-36.186-39.098Q-36.140-39.014-36.140-38.912Q-36.140-38.816-36.186-38.737Q-36.232-38.659-36.312-38.614Q-36.393-38.570-36.482-38.570Q-36.632-38.570-36.733-38.667Q-36.834-38.765-36.834-38.912Q-36.834-39.534-35.678-39.534Q-35.467-39.534-35.217-39.470Q-34.968-39.407-34.766-39.288Q-34.564-39.168-34.438-38.983Q-34.311-38.799-34.311-38.556L-34.311-36.980Q-34.311-36.864-34.250-36.768Q-34.188-36.673-34.075-36.673Q-33.966-36.673-33.901-36.767Q-33.836-36.861-33.836-36.980L-33.836-37.428L-33.570-37.428L-33.570-36.980Q-33.570-36.710-33.797-36.545Q-34.024-36.379-34.304-36.379Q-34.513-36.379-34.650-36.533Q-34.786-36.686-34.810-36.902Q-34.957-36.635-35.239-36.490Q-35.521-36.345-35.846-36.345Q-36.123-36.345-36.406-36.420Q-36.690-36.495-36.883-36.674Q-37.076-36.854-37.076-37.141M-36.461-37.141Q-36.461-36.967-36.360-36.837Q-36.260-36.707-36.104-36.637Q-35.948-36.567-35.784-36.567Q-35.566-36.567-35.357-36.664Q-35.149-36.762-35.020-36.943Q-34.892-37.124-34.892-37.350L-34.892-38.078Q-35.217-38.078-35.583-37.987Q-35.948-37.896-36.205-37.684Q-36.461-37.473-36.461-37.141M-33.153-37.924Q-33.153-38.262-33.012-38.553Q-32.872-38.843-32.628-39.057Q-32.384-39.270-32.079-39.385Q-31.775-39.499-31.450-39.499Q-31.180-39.499-30.917-39.400Q-30.654-39.301-30.463-39.123L-30.463-40.521Q-30.463-40.791-30.570-40.853Q-30.678-40.914-30.989-40.914L-30.989-41.195L-29.912-41.270L-29.912-37.086Q-29.912-36.898-29.858-36.815Q-29.803-36.731-29.702-36.712Q-29.601-36.693-29.386-36.693L-29.386-36.413L-30.493-36.345L-30.493-36.762Q-30.910-36.345-31.536-36.345Q-31.967-36.345-32.339-36.557Q-32.712-36.768-32.932-37.129Q-33.153-37.490-33.153-37.924M-31.478-36.567Q-31.269-36.567-31.083-36.639Q-30.897-36.710-30.743-36.847Q-30.589-36.984-30.493-37.162L-30.493-38.771Q-30.579-38.918-30.724-39.038Q-30.869-39.158-31.039-39.217Q-31.208-39.277-31.389-39.277Q-31.949-39.277-32.218-38.888Q-32.486-38.498-32.486-37.917Q-32.486-37.346-32.252-36.956Q-32.018-36.567-31.478-36.567\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"rotate(-55 16.87 -161.383)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-40.300-36.420L-40.300-37.483Q-40.300-37.507-40.272-37.534Q-40.245-37.561-40.221-37.561L-40.112-37.561Q-40.047-37.561-40.033-37.503Q-39.937-37.069-39.691-36.818Q-39.445-36.567-39.031-36.567Q-38.690-36.567-38.437-36.700Q-38.184-36.833-38.184-37.141Q-38.184-37.298-38.278-37.413Q-38.372-37.527-38.510-37.596Q-38.649-37.664-38.816-37.702L-39.397-37.801Q-39.753-37.869-40.026-38.090Q-40.300-38.310-40.300-38.652Q-40.300-38.901-40.188-39.076Q-40.077-39.250-39.891-39.349Q-39.705-39.448-39.489-39.491Q-39.274-39.534-39.031-39.534Q-38.618-39.534-38.338-39.352L-38.122-39.527Q-38.112-39.530-38.105-39.532Q-38.098-39.534-38.088-39.534L-38.037-39.534Q-38.010-39.534-37.986-39.510Q-37.962-39.486-37.962-39.458L-37.962-38.611Q-37.962-38.590-37.986-38.563Q-38.010-38.536-38.037-38.536L-38.150-38.536Q-38.177-38.536-38.203-38.561Q-38.228-38.587-38.228-38.611Q-38.228-38.847-38.334-39.011Q-38.440-39.175-38.623-39.257Q-38.806-39.339-39.038-39.339Q-39.366-39.339-39.623-39.236Q-39.879-39.134-39.879-38.857Q-39.879-38.662-39.696-38.553Q-39.513-38.443-39.284-38.402L-38.710-38.296Q-38.464-38.248-38.250-38.120Q-38.037-37.992-37.900-37.789Q-37.763-37.585-37.763-37.336Q-37.763-36.823-38.129-36.584Q-38.495-36.345-39.031-36.345Q-39.527-36.345-39.859-36.639L-40.125-36.365Q-40.146-36.345-40.173-36.345L-40.221-36.345Q-40.245-36.345-40.272-36.372Q-40.300-36.399-40.300-36.420M-36.560-37.247L-36.560-38.751Q-36.560-39.021-36.668-39.082Q-36.776-39.144-37.087-39.144L-37.087-39.424L-35.979-39.499L-35.979-37.267L-35.979-37.247Q-35.979-36.967-35.928-36.823Q-35.877-36.680-35.735-36.623Q-35.593-36.567-35.306-36.567Q-35.053-36.567-34.848-36.707Q-34.643-36.847-34.527-37.073Q-34.410-37.298-34.410-37.548L-34.410-38.751Q-34.410-39.021-34.518-39.082Q-34.626-39.144-34.937-39.144L-34.937-39.424L-33.829-39.499L-33.829-37.086Q-33.829-36.895-33.776-36.813Q-33.723-36.731-33.623-36.712Q-33.522-36.693-33.306-36.693L-33.306-36.413L-34.383-36.345L-34.383-36.909Q-34.492-36.727-34.638-36.604Q-34.783-36.481-34.969-36.413Q-35.156-36.345-35.357-36.345Q-36.560-36.345-36.560-37.247M-30.968-36.413L-32.705-36.413L-32.705-36.693Q-32.476-36.693-32.327-36.727Q-32.178-36.762-32.178-36.902L-32.178-38.751Q-32.178-39.021-32.286-39.082Q-32.394-39.144-32.705-39.144L-32.705-39.424L-31.676-39.499L-31.676-38.792Q-31.546-39.100-31.303-39.299Q-31.061-39.499-30.743-39.499Q-30.524-39.499-30.353-39.375Q-30.182-39.250-30.182-39.038Q-30.182-38.901-30.281-38.802Q-30.381-38.703-30.514-38.703Q-30.651-38.703-30.750-38.802Q-30.849-38.901-30.849-39.038Q-30.849-39.178-30.750-39.277Q-31.040-39.277-31.240-39.081Q-31.440-38.884-31.532-38.590Q-31.625-38.296-31.625-38.016L-31.625-36.902Q-31.625-36.693-30.968-36.693L-30.968-36.413M-27.954-35.056L-29.584-35.056L-29.584-35.336Q-29.355-35.336-29.207-35.371Q-29.058-35.405-29.058-35.545L-29.058-38.891Q-29.058-39.062-29.195-39.103Q-29.331-39.144-29.584-39.144L-29.584-39.424L-28.504-39.499L-28.504-39.093Q-28.282-39.294-27.995-39.397Q-27.708-39.499-27.400-39.499Q-26.973-39.499-26.609-39.286Q-26.245-39.072-26.031-38.708Q-25.818-38.344-25.818-37.924Q-25.818-37.479-26.057-37.115Q-26.296-36.751-26.689-36.548Q-27.082-36.345-27.527-36.345Q-27.793-36.345-28.041-36.445Q-28.289-36.546-28.477-36.727L-28.477-35.545Q-28.477-35.408-28.328-35.372Q-28.179-35.336-27.954-35.336L-27.954-35.056M-28.477-38.744L-28.477-37.134Q-28.343-36.881-28.101-36.724Q-27.858-36.567-27.581-36.567Q-27.253-36.567-27-36.768Q-26.747-36.970-26.614-37.288Q-26.481-37.606-26.481-37.924Q-26.481-38.153-26.546-38.382Q-26.611-38.611-26.739-38.809Q-26.867-39.007-27.062-39.127Q-27.257-39.246-27.489-39.246Q-27.783-39.246-28.051-39.117Q-28.320-38.987-28.477-38.744M-23.432-36.413L-25.168-36.413L-25.168-36.693Q-24.939-36.693-24.791-36.727Q-24.642-36.762-24.642-36.902L-24.642-38.751Q-24.642-39.021-24.749-39.082Q-24.857-39.144-25.168-39.144L-25.168-39.424L-24.139-39.499L-24.139-38.792Q-24.010-39.100-23.767-39.299Q-23.524-39.499-23.206-39.499Q-22.988-39.499-22.817-39.375Q-22.646-39.250-22.646-39.038Q-22.646-38.901-22.745-38.802Q-22.844-38.703-22.977-38.703Q-23.114-38.703-23.213-38.802Q-23.312-38.901-23.312-39.038Q-23.312-39.178-23.213-39.277Q-23.504-39.277-23.704-39.081Q-23.904-38.884-23.996-38.590Q-24.088-38.296-24.088-38.016L-24.088-36.902Q-24.088-36.693-23.432-36.693L-23.432-36.413M-20.445-36.413L-21.996-36.413L-21.996-36.693Q-21.771-36.693-21.622-36.727Q-21.473-36.762-21.473-36.902L-21.473-38.751Q-21.473-38.939-21.521-39.023Q-21.569-39.106-21.666-39.125Q-21.764-39.144-21.976-39.144L-21.976-39.424L-20.920-39.499L-20.920-36.902Q-20.920-36.762-20.788-36.727Q-20.656-36.693-20.445-36.693L-20.445-36.413M-21.716-40.720Q-21.716-40.891-21.593-41.010Q-21.470-41.130-21.299-41.130Q-21.132-41.130-21.009-41.010Q-20.885-40.891-20.885-40.720Q-20.885-40.545-21.009-40.422Q-21.132-40.299-21.299-40.299Q-21.470-40.299-21.593-40.422Q-21.716-40.545-21.716-40.720M-19.799-36.420L-19.799-37.483Q-19.799-37.507-19.771-37.534Q-19.744-37.561-19.720-37.561L-19.611-37.561Q-19.546-37.561-19.532-37.503Q-19.436-37.069-19.190-36.818Q-18.944-36.567-18.531-36.567Q-18.189-36.567-17.936-36.700Q-17.683-36.833-17.683-37.141Q-17.683-37.298-17.777-37.413Q-17.871-37.527-18.009-37.596Q-18.148-37.664-18.315-37.702L-18.896-37.801Q-19.252-37.869-19.525-38.090Q-19.799-38.310-19.799-38.652Q-19.799-38.901-19.687-39.076Q-19.576-39.250-19.390-39.349Q-19.204-39.448-18.989-39.491Q-18.773-39.534-18.531-39.534Q-18.117-39.534-17.837-39.352L-17.621-39.527Q-17.611-39.530-17.604-39.532Q-17.597-39.534-17.587-39.534L-17.536-39.534Q-17.509-39.534-17.485-39.510Q-17.461-39.486-17.461-39.458L-17.461-38.611Q-17.461-38.590-17.485-38.563Q-17.509-38.536-17.536-38.536L-17.649-38.536Q-17.676-38.536-17.702-38.561Q-17.727-38.587-17.727-38.611Q-17.727-38.847-17.833-39.011Q-17.939-39.175-18.122-39.257Q-18.305-39.339-18.537-39.339Q-18.865-39.339-19.122-39.236Q-19.378-39.134-19.378-38.857Q-19.378-38.662-19.195-38.553Q-19.012-38.443-18.783-38.402L-18.209-38.296Q-17.963-38.248-17.749-38.120Q-17.536-37.992-17.399-37.789Q-17.262-37.585-17.262-37.336Q-17.262-36.823-17.628-36.584Q-17.994-36.345-18.531-36.345Q-19.026-36.345-19.358-36.639L-19.624-36.365Q-19.645-36.345-19.672-36.345L-19.720-36.345Q-19.744-36.345-19.771-36.372Q-19.799-36.399-19.799-36.420M-16.675-37.948Q-16.675-38.269-16.550-38.558Q-16.425-38.847-16.199-39.070Q-15.974-39.294-15.678-39.414Q-15.383-39.534-15.065-39.534Q-14.737-39.534-14.475-39.434Q-14.214-39.335-14.038-39.153Q-13.862-38.970-13.768-38.712Q-13.674-38.454-13.674-38.122Q-13.674-38.030-13.756-38.009L-16.011-38.009L-16.011-37.948Q-16.011-37.360-15.728-36.977Q-15.444-36.594-14.877-36.594Q-14.555-36.594-14.287-36.787Q-14.019-36.980-13.930-37.295Q-13.923-37.336-13.848-37.350L-13.756-37.350Q-13.674-37.326-13.674-37.254Q-13.674-37.247-13.680-37.220Q-13.793-36.823-14.164-36.584Q-14.535-36.345-14.959-36.345Q-15.396-36.345-15.796-36.553Q-16.196-36.762-16.435-37.129Q-16.675-37.496-16.675-37.948M-16.005-38.218L-14.190-38.218Q-14.190-38.495-14.287-38.747Q-14.385-39-14.583-39.156Q-14.781-39.311-15.065-39.311Q-15.342-39.311-15.555-39.153Q-15.769-38.994-15.887-38.739Q-16.005-38.484-16.005-38.218\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"rotate(-55 26.15 -178.566)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-39.773-37.254L-39.773-39.151L-40.412-39.151L-40.412-39.373Q-40.094-39.373-39.877-39.583Q-39.660-39.793-39.560-40.103Q-39.459-40.412-39.459-40.720L-39.192-40.720L-39.192-39.431L-38.115-39.431L-38.115-39.151L-39.192-39.151L-39.192-37.267Q-39.192-36.991-39.088-36.792Q-38.984-36.594-38.724-36.594Q-38.567-36.594-38.461-36.698Q-38.355-36.803-38.305-36.956Q-38.256-37.110-38.256-37.267L-38.256-37.681L-37.989-37.681L-37.989-37.254Q-37.989-37.028-38.088-36.818Q-38.187-36.608-38.372-36.476Q-38.556-36.345-38.785-36.345Q-39.223-36.345-39.498-36.582Q-39.773-36.820-39.773-37.254M-35.429-36.413L-37.165-36.413L-37.165-36.693Q-36.936-36.693-36.788-36.727Q-36.639-36.762-36.639-36.902L-36.639-38.751Q-36.639-39.021-36.747-39.082Q-36.854-39.144-37.165-39.144L-37.165-39.424L-36.136-39.499L-36.136-38.792Q-36.007-39.100-35.764-39.299Q-35.521-39.499-35.203-39.499Q-34.985-39.499-34.814-39.375Q-34.643-39.250-34.643-39.038Q-34.643-38.901-34.742-38.802Q-34.841-38.703-34.974-38.703Q-35.111-38.703-35.210-38.802Q-35.309-38.901-35.309-39.038Q-35.309-39.178-35.210-39.277Q-35.501-39.277-35.701-39.081Q-35.901-38.884-35.993-38.590Q-36.085-38.296-36.085-38.016L-36.085-36.902Q-36.085-36.693-35.429-36.693L-35.429-36.413M-33.484-37.247L-33.484-38.751Q-33.484-39.021-33.592-39.082Q-33.699-39.144-34.010-39.144L-34.010-39.424L-32.903-39.499L-32.903-37.267L-32.903-37.247Q-32.903-36.967-32.852-36.823Q-32.801-36.680-32.659-36.623Q-32.517-36.567-32.230-36.567Q-31.977-36.567-31.772-36.707Q-31.567-36.847-31.450-37.073Q-31.334-37.298-31.334-37.548L-31.334-38.751Q-31.334-39.021-31.442-39.082Q-31.550-39.144-31.861-39.144L-31.861-39.424L-30.753-39.499L-30.753-37.086Q-30.753-36.895-30.700-36.813Q-30.647-36.731-30.546-36.712Q-30.446-36.693-30.230-36.693L-30.230-36.413L-31.307-36.345L-31.307-36.909Q-31.416-36.727-31.562-36.604Q-31.707-36.481-31.893-36.413Q-32.079-36.345-32.281-36.345Q-33.484-36.345-33.484-37.247M-29.642-36.420L-29.642-37.483Q-29.642-37.507-29.615-37.534Q-29.588-37.561-29.564-37.561L-29.454-37.561Q-29.389-37.561-29.376-37.503Q-29.280-37.069-29.034-36.818Q-28.788-36.567-28.374-36.567Q-28.032-36.567-27.780-36.700Q-27.527-36.833-27.527-37.141Q-27.527-37.298-27.621-37.413Q-27.715-37.527-27.853-37.596Q-27.991-37.664-28.159-37.702L-28.740-37.801Q-29.095-37.869-29.369-38.090Q-29.642-38.310-29.642-38.652Q-29.642-38.901-29.531-39.076Q-29.420-39.250-29.234-39.349Q-29.048-39.448-28.832-39.491Q-28.617-39.534-28.374-39.534Q-27.961-39.534-27.680-39.352L-27.465-39.527Q-27.455-39.530-27.448-39.532Q-27.441-39.534-27.431-39.534L-27.380-39.534Q-27.352-39.534-27.328-39.510Q-27.304-39.486-27.304-39.458L-27.304-38.611Q-27.304-38.590-27.328-38.563Q-27.352-38.536-27.380-38.536L-27.492-38.536Q-27.520-38.536-27.545-38.561Q-27.571-38.587-27.571-38.611Q-27.571-38.847-27.677-39.011Q-27.783-39.175-27.966-39.257Q-28.149-39.339-28.381-39.339Q-28.709-39.339-28.966-39.236Q-29.222-39.134-29.222-38.857Q-29.222-38.662-29.039-38.553Q-28.856-38.443-28.627-38.402L-28.053-38.296Q-27.807-38.248-27.593-38.120Q-27.380-37.992-27.243-37.789Q-27.106-37.585-27.106-37.336Q-27.106-36.823-27.472-36.584Q-27.838-36.345-28.374-36.345Q-28.870-36.345-29.201-36.639L-29.468-36.365Q-29.489-36.345-29.516-36.345L-29.564-36.345Q-29.588-36.345-29.615-36.372Q-29.642-36.399-29.642-36.420M-25.951-37.254L-25.951-39.151L-26.590-39.151L-26.590-39.373Q-26.272-39.373-26.055-39.583Q-25.838-39.793-25.737-40.103Q-25.636-40.412-25.636-40.720L-25.370-40.720L-25.370-39.431L-24.293-39.431L-24.293-39.151L-25.370-39.151L-25.370-37.267Q-25.370-36.991-25.266-36.792Q-25.161-36.594-24.902-36.594Q-24.744-36.594-24.638-36.698Q-24.532-36.803-24.483-36.956Q-24.433-37.110-24.433-37.267L-24.433-37.681L-24.167-37.681L-24.167-37.254Q-24.167-37.028-24.266-36.818Q-24.365-36.608-24.550-36.476Q-24.734-36.345-24.963-36.345Q-25.401-36.345-25.676-36.582Q-25.951-36.820-25.951-37.254\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"rotate(-55 33.696 -194.846)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.656-35.056L-40.286-35.056L-40.286-35.336Q-40.057-35.336-39.908-35.371Q-39.760-35.405-39.760-35.545L-39.760-38.891Q-39.760-39.062-39.896-39.103Q-40.033-39.144-40.286-39.144L-40.286-39.424L-39.206-39.499L-39.206-39.093Q-38.984-39.294-38.697-39.397Q-38.409-39.499-38.102-39.499Q-37.675-39.499-37.311-39.286Q-36.947-39.072-36.733-38.708Q-36.519-38.344-36.519-37.924Q-36.519-37.479-36.759-37.115Q-36.998-36.751-37.391-36.548Q-37.784-36.345-38.228-36.345Q-38.495-36.345-38.743-36.445Q-38.990-36.546-39.178-36.727L-39.178-35.545Q-39.178-35.408-39.030-35.372Q-38.881-35.336-38.656-35.336L-38.656-35.056M-39.178-38.744L-39.178-37.134Q-39.045-36.881-38.802-36.724Q-38.560-36.567-38.283-36.567Q-37.955-36.567-37.702-36.768Q-37.449-36.970-37.316-37.288Q-37.182-37.606-37.182-37.924Q-37.182-38.153-37.247-38.382Q-37.312-38.611-37.440-38.809Q-37.569-39.007-37.763-39.127Q-37.958-39.246-38.191-39.246Q-38.485-39.246-38.753-39.117Q-39.021-38.987-39.178-38.744\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"rotate(-55 33.696 -194.846)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-35.709-37.896Q-35.709-38.238-35.574-38.537Q-35.439-38.836-35.199-39.060Q-34.960-39.284-34.642-39.409Q-34.324-39.534-33.993-39.534Q-33.548-39.534-33.149-39.318Q-32.749-39.103-32.514-38.725Q-32.280-38.348-32.280-37.896Q-32.280-37.555-32.422-37.271Q-32.564-36.987-32.808-36.780Q-33.053-36.574-33.362-36.459Q-33.671-36.345-33.993-36.345Q-34.423-36.345-34.825-36.546Q-35.227-36.748-35.468-37.100Q-35.709-37.452-35.709-37.896M-33.993-36.594Q-33.391-36.594-33.167-36.972Q-32.943-37.350-32.943-37.982Q-32.943-38.594-33.178-38.953Q-33.412-39.311-33.993-39.311Q-35.045-39.311-35.045-37.982Q-35.045-37.350-34.820-36.972Q-34.594-36.594-33.993-36.594M-31.686-36.420L-31.686-37.483Q-31.686-37.507-31.658-37.534Q-31.631-37.561-31.607-37.561L-31.498-37.561Q-31.433-37.561-31.419-37.503Q-31.323-37.069-31.077-36.818Q-30.831-36.567-30.418-36.567Q-30.076-36.567-29.823-36.700Q-29.570-36.833-29.570-37.141Q-29.570-37.298-29.664-37.413Q-29.758-37.527-29.896-37.596Q-30.035-37.664-30.202-37.702L-30.783-37.801Q-31.139-37.869-31.412-38.090Q-31.686-38.310-31.686-38.652Q-31.686-38.901-31.575-39.076Q-31.463-39.250-31.277-39.349Q-31.091-39.448-30.876-39.491Q-30.660-39.534-30.418-39.534Q-30.004-39.534-29.724-39.352L-29.508-39.527Q-29.498-39.530-29.491-39.532Q-29.484-39.534-29.474-39.534L-29.423-39.534Q-29.396-39.534-29.372-39.510Q-29.348-39.486-29.348-39.458L-29.348-38.611Q-29.348-38.590-29.372-38.563Q-29.396-38.536-29.423-38.536L-29.536-38.536Q-29.563-38.536-29.589-38.561Q-29.614-38.587-29.614-38.611Q-29.614-38.847-29.720-39.011Q-29.826-39.175-30.009-39.257Q-30.192-39.339-30.424-39.339Q-30.753-39.339-31.009-39.236Q-31.265-39.134-31.265-38.857Q-31.265-38.662-31.082-38.553Q-30.899-38.443-30.670-38.402L-30.096-38.296Q-29.850-38.248-29.637-38.120Q-29.423-37.992-29.286-37.789Q-29.149-37.585-29.149-37.336Q-29.149-36.823-29.515-36.584Q-29.881-36.345-30.418-36.345Q-30.913-36.345-31.245-36.639L-31.511-36.365Q-31.532-36.345-31.559-36.345L-31.607-36.345Q-31.631-36.345-31.658-36.372Q-31.686-36.399-31.686-36.420\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"rotate(-55 42.517 -211.79)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.618-36.413L-40.252-36.413L-40.252-36.693Q-40.023-36.693-39.874-36.727Q-39.725-36.762-39.725-36.902L-39.725-38.751Q-39.725-39.021-39.833-39.082Q-39.941-39.144-40.252-39.144L-40.252-39.424L-39.192-39.499L-39.192-38.850Q-39.021-39.158-38.717-39.329Q-38.413-39.499-38.068-39.499Q-37.562-39.499-37.278-39.276Q-36.994-39.052-36.994-38.556L-36.994-36.902Q-36.994-36.765-36.846-36.729Q-36.697-36.693-36.471-36.693L-36.471-36.413L-38.102-36.413L-38.102-36.693Q-37.873-36.693-37.724-36.727Q-37.575-36.762-37.575-36.902L-37.575-38.542Q-37.575-38.877-37.695-39.077Q-37.815-39.277-38.129-39.277Q-38.399-39.277-38.633-39.141Q-38.867-39.004-39.006-38.770Q-39.144-38.536-39.144-38.262L-39.144-36.902Q-39.144-36.765-38.994-36.729Q-38.843-36.693-38.618-36.693L-38.618-36.413M-35.925-37.948Q-35.925-38.269-35.800-38.558Q-35.675-38.847-35.449-39.070Q-35.224-39.294-34.928-39.414Q-34.633-39.534-34.315-39.534Q-33.987-39.534-33.725-39.434Q-33.464-39.335-33.288-39.153Q-33.112-38.970-33.018-38.712Q-32.924-38.454-32.924-38.122Q-32.924-38.030-33.006-38.009L-35.261-38.009L-35.261-37.948Q-35.261-37.360-34.978-36.977Q-34.694-36.594-34.127-36.594Q-33.805-36.594-33.537-36.787Q-33.269-36.980-33.180-37.295Q-33.173-37.336-33.098-37.350L-33.006-37.350Q-32.924-37.326-32.924-37.254Q-32.924-37.247-32.930-37.220Q-33.043-36.823-33.414-36.584Q-33.785-36.345-34.209-36.345Q-34.646-36.345-35.046-36.553Q-35.446-36.762-35.685-37.129Q-35.925-37.496-35.925-37.948M-35.255-38.218L-33.440-38.218Q-33.440-38.495-33.537-38.747Q-33.635-39-33.833-39.156Q-34.031-39.311-34.315-39.311Q-34.592-39.311-34.805-39.153Q-35.019-38.994-35.137-38.739Q-35.255-38.484-35.255-38.218M-32.377-35.880Q-32.377-36.126-32.180-36.310Q-31.984-36.495-31.727-36.574Q-31.864-36.686-31.936-36.847Q-32.008-37.008-32.008-37.189Q-32.008-37.510-31.796-37.756Q-32.131-38.054-32.131-38.464Q-32.131-38.925-31.741-39.212Q-31.351-39.499-30.873-39.499Q-30.401-39.499-30.066-39.253Q-29.892-39.407-29.682-39.489Q-29.471-39.571-29.242-39.571Q-29.078-39.571-28.957-39.464Q-28.836-39.356-28.836-39.192Q-28.836-39.096-28.907-39.024Q-28.979-38.953-29.072-38.953Q-29.171-38.953-29.241-39.026Q-29.311-39.100-29.311-39.199Q-29.311-39.253-29.297-39.284L-29.290-39.298Q-29.283-39.318-29.275-39.329Q-29.266-39.339-29.263-39.346Q-29.618-39.346-29.906-39.123Q-29.618-38.830-29.618-38.464Q-29.618-38.149-29.803-37.917Q-29.988-37.684-30.276-37.556Q-30.565-37.428-30.873-37.428Q-31.074-37.428-31.266-37.478Q-31.457-37.527-31.635-37.637Q-31.727-37.510-31.727-37.367Q-31.727-37.185-31.599-37.050Q-31.471-36.915-31.286-36.915L-30.654-36.915Q-30.206-36.915-29.837-36.844Q-29.468-36.772-29.208-36.543Q-28.948-36.314-28.948-35.880Q-28.948-35.559-29.244-35.357Q-29.540-35.155-29.943-35.066Q-30.346-34.977-30.661-34.977Q-30.979-34.977-31.382-35.066Q-31.785-35.155-32.081-35.357Q-32.377-35.559-32.377-35.880M-31.922-35.880Q-31.922-35.651-31.703-35.502Q-31.485-35.353-31.192-35.285Q-30.900-35.217-30.661-35.217Q-30.497-35.217-30.288-35.253Q-30.080-35.288-29.873-35.369Q-29.666-35.449-29.535-35.577Q-29.403-35.705-29.403-35.880Q-29.403-36.232-29.784-36.326Q-30.165-36.420-30.668-36.420L-31.286-36.420Q-31.526-36.420-31.724-36.269Q-31.922-36.119-31.922-35.880M-30.873-37.667Q-30.206-37.667-30.206-38.464Q-30.206-39.264-30.873-39.264Q-31.543-39.264-31.543-38.464Q-31.543-37.667-30.873-37.667\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-11.585 20.071)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.550-36.413L-40.286-36.413L-40.286-36.693Q-40.057-36.693-39.908-36.727Q-39.760-36.762-39.760-36.902L-39.760-38.751Q-39.760-39.021-39.867-39.082Q-39.975-39.144-40.286-39.144L-40.286-39.424L-39.257-39.499L-39.257-38.792Q-39.127-39.100-38.885-39.299Q-38.642-39.499-38.324-39.499Q-38.105-39.499-37.934-39.375Q-37.763-39.250-37.763-39.038Q-37.763-38.901-37.863-38.802Q-37.962-38.703-38.095-38.703Q-38.232-38.703-38.331-38.802Q-38.430-38.901-38.430-39.038Q-38.430-39.178-38.331-39.277Q-38.621-39.277-38.821-39.081Q-39.021-38.884-39.114-38.590Q-39.206-38.296-39.206-38.016L-39.206-36.902Q-39.206-36.693-38.550-36.693L-38.550-36.413M-37.220-37.948Q-37.220-38.269-37.095-38.558Q-36.970-38.847-36.745-39.070Q-36.519-39.294-36.224-39.414Q-35.928-39.534-35.610-39.534Q-35.282-39.534-35.020-39.434Q-34.759-39.335-34.583-39.153Q-34.407-38.970-34.313-38.712Q-34.219-38.454-34.219-38.122Q-34.219-38.030-34.301-38.009L-36.557-38.009L-36.557-37.948Q-36.557-37.360-36.273-36.977Q-35.989-36.594-35.422-36.594Q-35.101-36.594-34.833-36.787Q-34.564-36.980-34.475-37.295Q-34.468-37.336-34.393-37.350L-34.301-37.350Q-34.219-37.326-34.219-37.254Q-34.219-37.247-34.226-37.220Q-34.339-36.823-34.709-36.584Q-35.080-36.345-35.504-36.345Q-35.942-36.345-36.342-36.553Q-36.741-36.762-36.981-37.129Q-37.220-37.496-37.220-37.948M-36.550-38.218L-34.735-38.218Q-34.735-38.495-34.833-38.747Q-34.930-39-35.128-39.156Q-35.326-39.311-35.610-39.311Q-35.887-39.311-36.101-39.153Q-36.314-38.994-36.432-38.739Q-36.550-38.484-36.550-38.218M-32.243-36.440L-33.224-38.939Q-33.286-39.082-33.404-39.117Q-33.522-39.151-33.737-39.151L-33.737-39.431L-32.257-39.431L-32.257-39.151Q-32.636-39.151-32.636-38.990Q-32.636-38.980-32.623-38.939L-31.908-37.107L-31.235-38.812Q-31.266-38.884-31.266-38.912Q-31.266-38.939-31.293-38.939Q-31.355-39.086-31.473-39.118Q-31.591-39.151-31.802-39.151L-31.802-39.431L-30.405-39.431L-30.405-39.151Q-30.781-39.151-30.781-38.990Q-30.781-38.959-30.774-38.939L-30.018-37.001L-29.331-38.751Q-29.311-38.802-29.311-38.857Q-29.311-38.997-29.424-39.074Q-29.536-39.151-29.676-39.151L-29.676-39.431L-28.456-39.431L-28.456-39.151Q-28.661-39.151-28.817-39.045Q-28.972-38.939-29.044-38.751L-29.950-36.440Q-29.984-36.345-30.097-36.345L-30.165-36.345Q-30.275-36.345-30.312-36.440L-31.095-38.443L-31.881-36.440Q-31.915-36.345-32.028-36.345L-32.096-36.345Q-32.206-36.345-32.243-36.440\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-11.585 20.071)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-28.067-37.141Q-28.067-37.473-27.844-37.700Q-27.620-37.927-27.276-38.055Q-26.933-38.184-26.560-38.236Q-26.188-38.289-25.883-38.289L-25.883-38.542Q-25.883-38.747-25.991-38.927Q-26.099-39.106-26.280-39.209Q-26.461-39.311-26.669-39.311Q-27.076-39.311-27.312-39.219Q-27.223-39.182-27.177-39.098Q-27.131-39.014-27.131-38.912Q-27.131-38.816-27.177-38.737Q-27.223-38.659-27.304-38.614Q-27.384-38.570-27.473-38.570Q-27.623-38.570-27.724-38.667Q-27.825-38.765-27.825-38.912Q-27.825-39.534-26.669-39.534Q-26.458-39.534-26.208-39.470Q-25.959-39.407-25.757-39.288Q-25.555-39.168-25.429-38.983Q-25.302-38.799-25.302-38.556L-25.302-36.980Q-25.302-36.864-25.241-36.768Q-25.179-36.673-25.066-36.673Q-24.957-36.673-24.892-36.767Q-24.827-36.861-24.827-36.980L-24.827-37.428L-24.561-37.428L-24.561-36.980Q-24.561-36.710-24.788-36.545Q-25.015-36.379-25.295-36.379Q-25.504-36.379-25.641-36.533Q-25.777-36.686-25.801-36.902Q-25.948-36.635-26.230-36.490Q-26.512-36.345-26.837-36.345Q-27.114-36.345-27.398-36.420Q-27.681-36.495-27.874-36.674Q-28.067-36.854-28.067-37.141M-27.452-37.141Q-27.452-36.967-27.351-36.837Q-27.251-36.707-27.095-36.637Q-26.940-36.567-26.775-36.567Q-26.557-36.567-26.348-36.664Q-26.140-36.762-26.012-36.943Q-25.883-37.124-25.883-37.350L-25.883-38.078Q-26.208-38.078-26.574-37.987Q-26.940-37.896-27.196-37.684Q-27.452-37.473-27.452-37.141M-22.394-36.413L-24.130-36.413L-24.130-36.693Q-23.901-36.693-23.752-36.727Q-23.604-36.762-23.604-36.902L-23.604-38.751Q-23.604-39.021-23.711-39.082Q-23.819-39.144-24.130-39.144L-24.130-39.424L-23.101-39.499L-23.101-38.792Q-22.971-39.100-22.729-39.299Q-22.486-39.499-22.168-39.499Q-21.949-39.499-21.778-39.375Q-21.607-39.250-21.607-39.038Q-21.607-38.901-21.707-38.802Q-21.806-38.703-21.939-38.703Q-22.076-38.703-22.175-38.802Q-22.274-38.901-22.274-39.038Q-22.274-39.178-22.175-39.277Q-22.465-39.277-22.665-39.081Q-22.865-38.884-22.958-38.590Q-23.050-38.296-23.050-38.016L-23.050-36.902Q-23.050-36.693-22.394-36.693L-22.394-36.413M-21.023-37.924Q-21.023-38.262-20.883-38.553Q-20.743-38.843-20.498-39.057Q-20.254-39.270-19.950-39.385Q-19.646-39.499-19.321-39.499Q-19.051-39.499-18.788-39.400Q-18.524-39.301-18.333-39.123L-18.333-40.521Q-18.333-40.791-18.441-40.853Q-18.548-40.914-18.859-40.914L-18.859-41.195L-17.783-41.270L-17.783-37.086Q-17.783-36.898-17.728-36.815Q-17.673-36.731-17.573-36.712Q-17.472-36.693-17.256-36.693L-17.256-36.413L-18.364-36.345L-18.364-36.762Q-18.781-36.345-19.406-36.345Q-19.837-36.345-20.210-36.557Q-20.582-36.768-20.803-37.129Q-21.023-37.490-21.023-37.924M-19.348-36.567Q-19.140-36.567-18.953-36.639Q-18.767-36.710-18.613-36.847Q-18.460-36.984-18.364-37.162L-18.364-38.771Q-18.449-38.918-18.595-39.038Q-18.740-39.158-18.909-39.217Q-19.078-39.277-19.259-39.277Q-19.820-39.277-20.088-38.888Q-20.357-38.498-20.357-37.917Q-20.357-37.346-20.122-36.956Q-19.888-36.567-19.348-36.567\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-30.656-12.513v-12.519h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.519\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(15.647 19.896)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.625-36.273Q-39.260-36.273-39.624-36.618Q-39.989-36.963-40.124-37.488Q-40.259-38.013-40.259-38.638Q-40.259-39.663-39.903-40.362Q-39.548-41.061-38.625-41.061Q-37.698-41.061-37.346-40.362Q-36.994-39.663-36.994-38.638Q-36.994-38.013-37.129-37.488Q-37.264-36.963-37.627-36.618Q-37.989-36.273-38.625-36.273M-38.625-36.498Q-38.187-36.498-37.974-36.873Q-37.760-37.247-37.710-37.714Q-37.661-38.180-37.661-38.758Q-37.661-39.311-37.710-39.739Q-37.760-40.166-37.972-40.501Q-38.184-40.836-38.625-40.836Q-38.967-40.836-39.170-40.629Q-39.373-40.422-39.460-40.110Q-39.548-39.797-39.570-39.481Q-39.592-39.164-39.592-38.758Q-39.592-38.341-39.570-37.999Q-39.548-37.657-39.459-37.309Q-39.370-36.960-39.165-36.729Q-38.960-36.498-38.625-36.498\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-soft-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M-13.015-12.513v-12.519H2.349v12.52ZM2.349-25.032\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" d=\"M-13.015-12.513v-12.519H2.349v12.52ZM2.349-25.032\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(33.288 19.896)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-37.288-36.413L-39.818-36.413L-39.818-36.693Q-38.850-36.693-38.850-36.902L-38.850-40.521Q-39.243-40.333-39.865-40.333L-39.865-40.614Q-39.448-40.614-39.084-40.715Q-38.720-40.815-38.464-41.061L-38.338-41.061Q-38.273-41.044-38.256-40.976L-38.256-36.902Q-38.256-36.693-37.288-36.693\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M4.625-12.513v-12.519H19.99v12.52ZM19.99-25.032\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(50.929 19.896)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.625-36.273Q-39.260-36.273-39.624-36.618Q-39.989-36.963-40.124-37.488Q-40.259-38.013-40.259-38.638Q-40.259-39.663-39.903-40.362Q-39.548-41.061-38.625-41.061Q-37.698-41.061-37.346-40.362Q-36.994-39.663-36.994-38.638Q-36.994-38.013-37.129-37.488Q-37.264-36.963-37.627-36.618Q-37.989-36.273-38.625-36.273M-38.625-36.498Q-38.187-36.498-37.974-36.873Q-37.760-37.247-37.710-37.714Q-37.661-38.180-37.661-38.758Q-37.661-39.311-37.710-39.739Q-37.760-40.166-37.972-40.501Q-38.184-40.836-38.625-40.836Q-38.967-40.836-39.170-40.629Q-39.373-40.422-39.460-40.110Q-39.548-39.797-39.570-39.481Q-39.592-39.164-39.592-38.758Q-39.592-38.341-39.570-37.999Q-39.548-37.657-39.459-37.309Q-39.370-36.960-39.165-36.729Q-38.960-36.498-38.625-36.498\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M22.266-12.513v-12.519H37.63v12.52ZM37.63-25.032\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(68.57 19.896)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.625-36.273Q-39.260-36.273-39.624-36.618Q-39.989-36.963-40.124-37.488Q-40.259-38.013-40.259-38.638Q-40.259-39.663-39.903-40.362Q-39.548-41.061-38.625-41.061Q-37.698-41.061-37.346-40.362Q-36.994-39.663-36.994-38.638Q-36.994-38.013-37.129-37.488Q-37.264-36.963-37.627-36.618Q-37.989-36.273-38.625-36.273M-38.625-36.498Q-38.187-36.498-37.974-36.873Q-37.760-37.247-37.710-37.714Q-37.661-38.180-37.661-38.758Q-37.661-39.311-37.710-39.739Q-37.760-40.166-37.972-40.501Q-38.184-40.836-38.625-40.836Q-38.967-40.836-39.170-40.629Q-39.373-40.422-39.460-40.110Q-39.548-39.797-39.570-39.481Q-39.592-39.164-39.592-38.758Q-39.592-38.341-39.570-37.999Q-39.548-37.657-39.459-37.309Q-39.370-36.960-39.165-36.729Q-38.960-36.498-38.625-36.498\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-soft-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M39.906-12.513v-12.519h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.519\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" d=\"M39.906-12.513v-12.519h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.519\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(86.21 19.896)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-37.288-36.413L-39.818-36.413L-39.818-36.693Q-38.850-36.693-38.850-36.902L-38.850-40.521Q-39.243-40.333-39.865-40.333L-39.865-40.614Q-39.448-40.614-39.084-40.715Q-38.720-40.815-38.464-41.061L-38.338-41.061Q-38.273-41.044-38.256-40.976L-38.256-36.902Q-38.256-36.693-37.288-36.693\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M57.547-12.513v-12.519h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.519\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(103.85 19.896)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.625-36.273Q-39.260-36.273-39.624-36.618Q-39.989-36.963-40.124-37.488Q-40.259-38.013-40.259-38.638Q-40.259-39.663-39.903-40.362Q-39.548-41.061-38.625-41.061Q-37.698-41.061-37.346-40.362Q-36.994-39.663-36.994-38.638Q-36.994-38.013-37.129-37.488Q-37.264-36.963-37.627-36.618Q-37.989-36.273-38.625-36.273M-38.625-36.498Q-38.187-36.498-37.974-36.873Q-37.760-37.247-37.710-37.714Q-37.661-38.180-37.661-38.758Q-37.661-39.311-37.710-39.739Q-37.760-40.166-37.972-40.501Q-38.184-40.836-38.625-40.836Q-38.967-40.836-39.170-40.629Q-39.373-40.422-39.460-40.110Q-39.548-39.797-39.570-39.481Q-39.592-39.164-39.592-38.758Q-39.592-38.341-39.570-37.999Q-39.548-37.657-39.459-37.309Q-39.370-36.960-39.165-36.729Q-38.960-36.498-38.625-36.498\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-soft-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M75.187-12.513v-12.519h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.519\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" d=\"M75.187-12.513v-12.519h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.519\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(121.49 19.896)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-37.288-36.413L-39.818-36.413L-39.818-36.693Q-38.850-36.693-38.850-36.902L-38.850-40.521Q-39.243-40.333-39.865-40.333L-39.865-40.614Q-39.448-40.614-39.084-40.715Q-38.720-40.815-38.464-41.061L-38.338-41.061Q-38.273-41.044-38.256-40.976L-38.256-36.902Q-38.256-36.693-37.288-36.693\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-soft-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M92.828-12.513v-12.519h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.519\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" d=\"M92.828-12.513v-12.519h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.519\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(139.131 19.896)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-37.288-36.413L-39.818-36.413L-39.818-36.693Q-38.850-36.693-38.850-36.902L-38.850-40.521Q-39.243-40.333-39.865-40.333L-39.865-40.614Q-39.448-40.614-39.084-40.715Q-38.720-40.815-38.464-41.061L-38.338-41.061Q-38.273-41.044-38.256-40.976L-38.256-36.902Q-38.256-36.693-37.288-36.693\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-soft-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M110.469-12.513v-12.519h15.364v12.52Zm15.364-12.519\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" d=\"M110.469-12.513v-12.519h15.364v12.52Zm15.364-12.519\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(156.772 19.896)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-37.288-36.413L-39.818-36.413L-39.818-36.693Q-38.850-36.693-38.850-36.902L-38.850-40.521Q-39.243-40.333-39.865-40.333L-39.865-40.614Q-39.448-40.614-39.084-40.715Q-38.720-40.815-38.464-41.061L-38.338-41.061Q-38.273-41.044-38.256-40.976L-38.256-36.902Q-38.256-36.693-37.288-36.693\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M128.11-12.513v-12.519h15.364v12.52Zm15.364-12.519\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(174.413 19.896)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.625-36.273Q-39.260-36.273-39.624-36.618Q-39.989-36.963-40.124-37.488Q-40.259-38.013-40.259-38.638Q-40.259-39.663-39.903-40.362Q-39.548-41.061-38.625-41.061Q-37.698-41.061-37.346-40.362Q-36.994-39.663-36.994-38.638Q-36.994-38.013-37.129-37.488Q-37.264-36.963-37.627-36.618Q-37.989-36.273-38.625-36.273M-38.625-36.498Q-38.187-36.498-37.974-36.873Q-37.760-37.247-37.710-37.714Q-37.661-38.180-37.661-38.758Q-37.661-39.311-37.710-39.739Q-37.760-40.166-37.972-40.501Q-38.184-40.836-38.625-40.836Q-38.967-40.836-39.170-40.629Q-39.373-40.422-39.460-40.110Q-39.548-39.797-39.570-39.481Q-39.592-39.164-39.592-38.758Q-39.592-38.341-39.570-37.999Q-39.548-37.657-39.459-37.309Q-39.370-36.960-39.165-36.729Q-38.960-36.498-38.625-36.498\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-7.815 36.108)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.912-36.440L-39.893-38.939Q-39.954-39.082-40.072-39.117Q-40.190-39.151-40.406-39.151L-40.406-39.431L-38.926-39.431L-38.926-39.151Q-39.305-39.151-39.305-38.990Q-39.305-38.980-39.291-38.939L-38.577-37.107L-37.904-38.812Q-37.934-38.884-37.934-38.912Q-37.934-38.939-37.962-38.939Q-38.023-39.086-38.141-39.118Q-38.259-39.151-38.471-39.151L-38.471-39.431L-37.073-39.431L-37.073-39.151Q-37.449-39.151-37.449-38.990Q-37.449-38.959-37.442-38.939L-36.687-37.001L-36-38.751Q-35.979-38.802-35.979-38.857Q-35.979-38.997-36.092-39.074Q-36.205-39.151-36.345-39.151L-36.345-39.431L-35.125-39.431L-35.125-39.151Q-35.330-39.151-35.485-39.045Q-35.641-38.939-35.713-38.751L-36.618-36.440Q-36.653-36.345-36.765-36.345L-36.834-36.345Q-36.943-36.345-36.981-36.440L-37.763-38.443L-38.550-36.440Q-38.584-36.345-38.697-36.345L-38.765-36.345Q-38.874-36.345-38.912-36.440\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-7.815 36.108)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-34.848-37.896Q-34.848-38.238-34.713-38.537Q-34.578-38.836-34.338-39.060Q-34.099-39.284-33.781-39.409Q-33.463-39.534-33.132-39.534Q-32.687-39.534-32.288-39.318Q-31.888-39.103-31.653-38.725Q-31.419-38.348-31.419-37.896Q-31.419-37.555-31.561-37.271Q-31.703-36.987-31.947-36.780Q-32.192-36.574-32.501-36.459Q-32.810-36.345-33.132-36.345Q-33.562-36.345-33.964-36.546Q-34.366-36.748-34.607-37.100Q-34.848-37.452-34.848-37.896M-33.132-36.594Q-32.530-36.594-32.306-36.972Q-32.082-37.350-32.082-37.982Q-32.082-38.594-32.317-38.953Q-32.551-39.311-33.132-39.311Q-34.184-39.311-34.184-37.982Q-34.184-37.350-33.959-36.972Q-33.733-36.594-33.132-36.594M-29.075-36.413L-30.811-36.413L-30.811-36.693Q-30.582-36.693-30.433-36.727Q-30.285-36.762-30.285-36.902L-30.285-38.751Q-30.285-39.021-30.392-39.082Q-30.500-39.144-30.811-39.144L-30.811-39.424L-29.782-39.499L-29.782-38.792Q-29.652-39.100-29.410-39.299Q-29.167-39.499-28.849-39.499Q-28.630-39.499-28.459-39.375Q-28.288-39.250-28.288-39.038Q-28.288-38.901-28.388-38.802Q-28.487-38.703-28.620-38.703Q-28.757-38.703-28.856-38.802Q-28.955-38.901-28.955-39.038Q-28.955-39.178-28.856-39.277Q-29.146-39.277-29.346-39.081Q-29.546-38.884-29.639-38.590Q-29.731-38.296-29.731-38.016L-29.731-36.902Q-29.731-36.693-29.075-36.693L-29.075-36.413M-25.954-36.413L-27.690-36.413L-27.690-36.693Q-27.461-36.693-27.313-36.727Q-27.164-36.762-27.164-36.902L-27.164-38.751Q-27.164-39.021-27.272-39.082Q-27.379-39.144-27.690-39.144L-27.690-39.424L-26.662-39.499L-26.662-38.792Q-26.532-39.100-26.289-39.299Q-26.046-39.499-25.728-39.499Q-25.510-39.499-25.339-39.375Q-25.168-39.250-25.168-39.038Q-25.168-38.901-25.267-38.802Q-25.366-38.703-25.499-38.703Q-25.636-38.703-25.735-38.802Q-25.834-38.901-25.834-39.038Q-25.834-39.178-25.735-39.277Q-26.026-39.277-26.226-39.081Q-26.426-38.884-26.518-38.590Q-26.610-38.296-26.610-38.016L-26.610-36.902Q-26.610-36.693-25.954-36.693L-25.954-36.413M-24.248-35.278Q-24.119-35.210-23.982-35.210Q-23.811-35.210-23.661-35.299Q-23.510-35.388-23.399-35.533Q-23.288-35.678-23.209-35.846L-22.946-36.413L-24.115-38.939Q-24.190-39.086-24.320-39.118Q-24.450-39.151-24.683-39.151L-24.683-39.431L-23.162-39.431L-23.162-39.151Q-23.510-39.151-23.510-39.004Q-23.507-38.983-23.505-38.966Q-23.503-38.949-23.503-38.939L-22.645-37.080L-21.873-38.751Q-21.839-38.819-21.839-38.898Q-21.839-39.011-21.923-39.081Q-22.006-39.151-22.119-39.151L-22.119-39.431L-20.923-39.431L-20.923-39.151Q-21.142-39.151-21.314-39.047Q-21.487-38.942-21.579-38.751L-22.915-35.846Q-23.086-35.476-23.356-35.230Q-23.626-34.984-23.982-34.984Q-24.252-34.984-24.471-35.150Q-24.689-35.316-24.689-35.579Q-24.689-35.716-24.597-35.805Q-24.505-35.893-24.365-35.893Q-24.228-35.893-24.139-35.805Q-24.050-35.716-24.050-35.579Q-24.050-35.476-24.103-35.398Q-24.156-35.319-24.248-35.278\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-30.656 5.128v-12.52h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(15.647 37.537)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.625-36.273Q-39.260-36.273-39.624-36.618Q-39.989-36.963-40.124-37.488Q-40.259-38.013-40.259-38.638Q-40.259-39.663-39.903-40.362Q-39.548-41.061-38.625-41.061Q-37.698-41.061-37.346-40.362Q-36.994-39.663-36.994-38.638Q-36.994-38.013-37.129-37.488Q-37.264-36.963-37.627-36.618Q-37.989-36.273-38.625-36.273M-38.625-36.498Q-38.187-36.498-37.974-36.873Q-37.760-37.247-37.710-37.714Q-37.661-38.180-37.661-38.758Q-37.661-39.311-37.710-39.739Q-37.760-40.166-37.972-40.501Q-38.184-40.836-38.625-40.836Q-38.967-40.836-39.170-40.629Q-39.373-40.422-39.460-40.110Q-39.548-39.797-39.570-39.481Q-39.592-39.164-39.592-38.758Q-39.592-38.341-39.570-37.999Q-39.548-37.657-39.459-37.309Q-39.370-36.960-39.165-36.729Q-38.960-36.498-38.625-36.498\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-soft-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M-13.015 5.128v-12.52H2.349v12.52ZM2.349-7.392\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" d=\"M-13.015 5.128v-12.52H2.349v12.52ZM2.349-7.392\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(33.288 37.537)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-37.288-36.413L-39.818-36.413L-39.818-36.693Q-38.850-36.693-38.850-36.902L-38.850-40.521Q-39.243-40.333-39.865-40.333L-39.865-40.614Q-39.448-40.614-39.084-40.715Q-38.720-40.815-38.464-41.061L-38.338-41.061Q-38.273-41.044-38.256-40.976L-38.256-36.902Q-38.256-36.693-37.288-36.693\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M4.625 5.128v-12.52H19.99v12.52ZM19.99-7.392\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(50.929 37.537)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.625-36.273Q-39.260-36.273-39.624-36.618Q-39.989-36.963-40.124-37.488Q-40.259-38.013-40.259-38.638Q-40.259-39.663-39.903-40.362Q-39.548-41.061-38.625-41.061Q-37.698-41.061-37.346-40.362Q-36.994-39.663-36.994-38.638Q-36.994-38.013-37.129-37.488Q-37.264-36.963-37.627-36.618Q-37.989-36.273-38.625-36.273M-38.625-36.498Q-38.187-36.498-37.974-36.873Q-37.760-37.247-37.710-37.714Q-37.661-38.180-37.661-38.758Q-37.661-39.311-37.710-39.739Q-37.760-40.166-37.972-40.501Q-38.184-40.836-38.625-40.836Q-38.967-40.836-39.170-40.629Q-39.373-40.422-39.460-40.110Q-39.548-39.797-39.570-39.481Q-39.592-39.164-39.592-38.758Q-39.592-38.341-39.570-37.999Q-39.548-37.657-39.459-37.309Q-39.370-36.960-39.165-36.729Q-38.960-36.498-38.625-36.498\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-soft-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M22.266 5.128v-12.52H37.63v12.52ZM37.63-7.392\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" d=\"M22.266 5.128v-12.52H37.63v12.52ZM37.63-7.392\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(68.57 37.537)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-37.288-36.413L-39.818-36.413L-39.818-36.693Q-38.850-36.693-38.850-36.902L-38.850-40.521Q-39.243-40.333-39.865-40.333L-39.865-40.614Q-39.448-40.614-39.084-40.715Q-38.720-40.815-38.464-41.061L-38.338-41.061Q-38.273-41.044-38.256-40.976L-38.256-36.902Q-38.256-36.693-37.288-36.693\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M39.906 5.128v-12.52h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(86.21 37.537)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.625-36.273Q-39.260-36.273-39.624-36.618Q-39.989-36.963-40.124-37.488Q-40.259-38.013-40.259-38.638Q-40.259-39.663-39.903-40.362Q-39.548-41.061-38.625-41.061Q-37.698-41.061-37.346-40.362Q-36.994-39.663-36.994-38.638Q-36.994-38.013-37.129-37.488Q-37.264-36.963-37.627-36.618Q-37.989-36.273-38.625-36.273M-38.625-36.498Q-38.187-36.498-37.974-36.873Q-37.760-37.247-37.710-37.714Q-37.661-38.180-37.661-38.758Q-37.661-39.311-37.710-39.739Q-37.760-40.166-37.972-40.501Q-38.184-40.836-38.625-40.836Q-38.967-40.836-39.170-40.629Q-39.373-40.422-39.460-40.110Q-39.548-39.797-39.570-39.481Q-39.592-39.164-39.592-38.758Q-39.592-38.341-39.570-37.999Q-39.548-37.657-39.459-37.309Q-39.370-36.960-39.165-36.729Q-38.960-36.498-38.625-36.498\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-soft-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M57.547 5.128v-12.52h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" d=\"M57.547 5.128v-12.52h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(103.85 37.537)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-37.288-36.413L-39.818-36.413L-39.818-36.693Q-38.850-36.693-38.850-36.902L-38.850-40.521Q-39.243-40.333-39.865-40.333L-39.865-40.614Q-39.448-40.614-39.084-40.715Q-38.720-40.815-38.464-41.061L-38.338-41.061Q-38.273-41.044-38.256-40.976L-38.256-36.902Q-38.256-36.693-37.288-36.693\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M75.187 5.128v-12.52h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(121.49 37.537)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.625-36.273Q-39.260-36.273-39.624-36.618Q-39.989-36.963-40.124-37.488Q-40.259-38.013-40.259-38.638Q-40.259-39.663-39.903-40.362Q-39.548-41.061-38.625-41.061Q-37.698-41.061-37.346-40.362Q-36.994-39.663-36.994-38.638Q-36.994-38.013-37.129-37.488Q-37.264-36.963-37.627-36.618Q-37.989-36.273-38.625-36.273M-38.625-36.498Q-38.187-36.498-37.974-36.873Q-37.760-37.247-37.710-37.714Q-37.661-38.180-37.661-38.758Q-37.661-39.311-37.710-39.739Q-37.760-40.166-37.972-40.501Q-38.184-40.836-38.625-40.836Q-38.967-40.836-39.170-40.629Q-39.373-40.422-39.460-40.110Q-39.548-39.797-39.570-39.481Q-39.592-39.164-39.592-38.758Q-39.592-38.341-39.570-37.999Q-39.548-37.657-39.459-37.309Q-39.370-36.960-39.165-36.729Q-38.960-36.498-38.625-36.498\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M92.828 5.128v-12.52h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(139.131 37.537)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.625-36.273Q-39.260-36.273-39.624-36.618Q-39.989-36.963-40.124-37.488Q-40.259-38.013-40.259-38.638Q-40.259-39.663-39.903-40.362Q-39.548-41.061-38.625-41.061Q-37.698-41.061-37.346-40.362Q-36.994-39.663-36.994-38.638Q-36.994-38.013-37.129-37.488Q-37.264-36.963-37.627-36.618Q-37.989-36.273-38.625-36.273M-38.625-36.498Q-38.187-36.498-37.974-36.873Q-37.760-37.247-37.710-37.714Q-37.661-38.180-37.661-38.758Q-37.661-39.311-37.710-39.739Q-37.760-40.166-37.972-40.501Q-38.184-40.836-38.625-40.836Q-38.967-40.836-39.170-40.629Q-39.373-40.422-39.460-40.110Q-39.548-39.797-39.570-39.481Q-39.592-39.164-39.592-38.758Q-39.592-38.341-39.570-37.999Q-39.548-37.657-39.459-37.309Q-39.370-36.960-39.165-36.729Q-38.960-36.498-38.625-36.498\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M110.469 5.128v-12.52h15.364v12.52Zm15.364-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(156.772 37.537)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.625-36.273Q-39.260-36.273-39.624-36.618Q-39.989-36.963-40.124-37.488Q-40.259-38.013-40.259-38.638Q-40.259-39.663-39.903-40.362Q-39.548-41.061-38.625-41.061Q-37.698-41.061-37.346-40.362Q-36.994-39.663-36.994-38.638Q-36.994-38.013-37.129-37.488Q-37.264-36.963-37.627-36.618Q-37.989-36.273-38.625-36.273M-38.625-36.498Q-38.187-36.498-37.974-36.873Q-37.760-37.247-37.710-37.714Q-37.661-38.180-37.661-38.758Q-37.661-39.311-37.710-39.739Q-37.760-40.166-37.972-40.501Q-38.184-40.836-38.625-40.836Q-38.967-40.836-39.170-40.629Q-39.373-40.422-39.460-40.110Q-39.548-39.797-39.570-39.481Q-39.592-39.164-39.592-38.758Q-39.592-38.341-39.570-37.999Q-39.548-37.657-39.459-37.309Q-39.370-36.960-39.165-36.729Q-38.960-36.498-38.625-36.498\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-soft-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M128.11 5.128v-12.52h15.364v12.52Zm15.364-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" d=\"M128.11 5.128v-12.52h15.364v12.52Zm15.364-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(174.413 37.537)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-37.288-36.413L-39.818-36.413L-39.818-36.693Q-38.850-36.693-38.850-36.902L-38.850-40.521Q-39.243-40.333-39.865-40.333L-39.865-40.614Q-39.448-40.614-39.084-40.715Q-38.720-40.815-38.464-41.061L-38.338-41.061Q-38.273-41.044-38.256-40.976L-38.256-36.902Q-38.256-36.693-37.288-36.693\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-24.99 55.352)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-40.300-36.420L-40.300-37.483Q-40.300-37.507-40.272-37.534Q-40.245-37.561-40.221-37.561L-40.112-37.561Q-40.047-37.561-40.033-37.503Q-39.937-37.069-39.691-36.818Q-39.445-36.567-39.031-36.567Q-38.690-36.567-38.437-36.700Q-38.184-36.833-38.184-37.141Q-38.184-37.298-38.278-37.413Q-38.372-37.527-38.510-37.596Q-38.649-37.664-38.816-37.702L-39.397-37.801Q-39.753-37.869-40.026-38.090Q-40.300-38.310-40.300-38.652Q-40.300-38.901-40.188-39.076Q-40.077-39.250-39.891-39.349Q-39.705-39.448-39.489-39.491Q-39.274-39.534-39.031-39.534Q-38.618-39.534-38.338-39.352L-38.122-39.527Q-38.112-39.530-38.105-39.532Q-38.098-39.534-38.088-39.534L-38.037-39.534Q-38.010-39.534-37.986-39.510Q-37.962-39.486-37.962-39.458L-37.962-38.611Q-37.962-38.590-37.986-38.563Q-38.010-38.536-38.037-38.536L-38.150-38.536Q-38.177-38.536-38.203-38.561Q-38.228-38.587-38.228-38.611Q-38.228-38.847-38.334-39.011Q-38.440-39.175-38.623-39.257Q-38.806-39.339-39.038-39.339Q-39.366-39.339-39.623-39.236Q-39.879-39.134-39.879-38.857Q-39.879-38.662-39.696-38.553Q-39.513-38.443-39.284-38.402L-38.710-38.296Q-38.464-38.248-38.250-38.120Q-38.037-37.992-37.900-37.789Q-37.763-37.585-37.763-37.336Q-37.763-36.823-38.129-36.584Q-38.495-36.345-39.031-36.345Q-39.527-36.345-39.859-36.639L-40.125-36.365Q-40.146-36.345-40.173-36.345L-40.221-36.345Q-40.245-36.345-40.272-36.372Q-40.300-36.399-40.300-36.420M-35.747-36.440L-36.728-38.939Q-36.789-39.082-36.907-39.117Q-37.025-39.151-37.240-39.151L-37.240-39.431L-35.760-39.431L-35.760-39.151Q-36.140-39.151-36.140-38.990Q-36.140-38.980-36.126-38.939L-35.412-37.107L-34.739-38.812Q-34.769-38.884-34.769-38.912Q-34.769-38.939-34.797-38.939Q-34.858-39.086-34.976-39.118Q-35.094-39.151-35.306-39.151L-35.306-39.431L-33.908-39.431L-33.908-39.151Q-34.284-39.151-34.284-38.990Q-34.284-38.959-34.277-38.939L-33.522-37.001L-32.835-38.751Q-32.814-38.802-32.814-38.857Q-32.814-38.997-32.927-39.074Q-33.040-39.151-33.180-39.151L-33.180-39.431L-31.960-39.431L-31.960-39.151Q-32.165-39.151-32.320-39.045Q-32.476-38.939-32.548-38.751L-33.453-36.440Q-33.488-36.345-33.600-36.345L-33.669-36.345Q-33.778-36.345-33.816-36.440L-34.598-38.443L-35.385-36.440Q-35.419-36.345-35.531-36.345L-35.600-36.345Q-35.709-36.345-35.747-36.440\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-24.99 55.352)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-31.680-37.948Q-31.680-38.269-31.555-38.558Q-31.430-38.847-31.204-39.070Q-30.979-39.294-30.683-39.414Q-30.388-39.534-30.070-39.534Q-29.742-39.534-29.480-39.434Q-29.219-39.335-29.043-39.153Q-28.867-38.970-28.773-38.712Q-28.679-38.454-28.679-38.122Q-28.679-38.030-28.761-38.009L-31.016-38.009L-31.016-37.948Q-31.016-37.360-30.733-36.977Q-30.449-36.594-29.882-36.594Q-29.560-36.594-29.292-36.787Q-29.024-36.980-28.935-37.295Q-28.928-37.336-28.853-37.350L-28.761-37.350Q-28.679-37.326-28.679-37.254Q-28.679-37.247-28.685-37.220Q-28.798-36.823-29.169-36.584Q-29.540-36.345-29.964-36.345Q-30.401-36.345-30.801-36.553Q-31.201-36.762-31.440-37.129Q-31.680-37.496-31.680-37.948M-31.010-38.218L-29.195-38.218Q-29.195-38.495-29.292-38.747Q-29.390-39-29.588-39.156Q-29.786-39.311-30.070-39.311Q-30.347-39.311-30.560-39.153Q-30.774-38.994-30.892-38.739Q-31.010-38.484-31.010-38.218M-28.132-37.948Q-28.132-38.269-28.007-38.558Q-27.882-38.847-27.657-39.070Q-27.431-39.294-27.135-39.414Q-26.840-39.534-26.522-39.534Q-26.194-39.534-25.932-39.434Q-25.671-39.335-25.495-39.153Q-25.319-38.970-25.225-38.712Q-25.131-38.454-25.131-38.122Q-25.131-38.030-25.213-38.009L-27.469-38.009L-27.469-37.948Q-27.469-37.360-27.185-36.977Q-26.901-36.594-26.334-36.594Q-26.013-36.594-25.744-36.787Q-25.476-36.980-25.387-37.295Q-25.380-37.336-25.305-37.350L-25.213-37.350Q-25.131-37.326-25.131-37.254Q-25.131-37.247-25.138-37.220Q-25.250-36.823-25.621-36.584Q-25.992-36.345-26.416-36.345Q-26.853-36.345-27.253-36.553Q-27.653-36.762-27.892-37.129Q-28.132-37.496-28.132-37.948M-27.462-38.218L-25.647-38.218Q-25.647-38.495-25.744-38.747Q-25.842-39-26.040-39.156Q-26.238-39.311-26.522-39.311Q-26.799-39.311-27.012-39.153Q-27.226-38.994-27.344-38.739Q-27.462-38.484-27.462-38.218M-24.016-37.254L-24.016-39.151L-24.656-39.151L-24.656-39.373Q-24.338-39.373-24.121-39.583Q-23.904-39.793-23.803-40.103Q-23.702-40.412-23.702-40.720L-23.435-40.720L-23.435-39.431L-22.359-39.431L-22.359-39.151L-23.435-39.151L-23.435-37.267Q-23.435-36.991-23.331-36.792Q-23.227-36.594-22.967-36.594Q-22.810-36.594-22.704-36.698Q-22.598-36.803-22.548-36.956Q-22.499-37.110-22.499-37.267L-22.499-37.681L-22.232-37.681L-22.232-37.254Q-22.232-37.028-22.331-36.818Q-22.431-36.608-22.615-36.476Q-22.800-36.345-23.029-36.345Q-23.466-36.345-23.741-36.582Q-24.016-36.820-24.016-37.254M-19.741-36.413L-21.374-36.413L-21.374-36.693Q-21.145-36.693-20.997-36.727Q-20.848-36.762-20.848-36.902L-20.848-40.521Q-20.848-40.791-20.956-40.853Q-21.063-40.914-21.374-40.914L-21.374-41.195L-20.294-41.270L-20.294-38.884Q-20.188-39.069-20.011-39.211Q-19.833-39.352-19.624-39.426Q-19.416-39.499-19.190-39.499Q-18.684-39.499-18.401-39.276Q-18.117-39.052-18.117-38.556L-18.117-36.902Q-18.117-36.765-17.968-36.729Q-17.820-36.693-17.594-36.693L-17.594-36.413L-19.224-36.413L-19.224-36.693Q-18.995-36.693-18.847-36.727Q-18.698-36.762-18.698-36.902L-18.698-38.542Q-18.698-38.877-18.818-39.077Q-18.937-39.277-19.252-39.277Q-19.522-39.277-19.756-39.141Q-19.990-39.004-20.129-38.770Q-20.267-38.536-20.267-38.262L-20.267-36.902Q-20.267-36.765-20.117-36.729Q-19.966-36.693-19.741-36.693L-19.741-36.413M-17.047-37.948Q-17.047-38.269-16.922-38.558Q-16.798-38.847-16.572-39.070Q-16.347-39.294-16.051-39.414Q-15.755-39.534-15.437-39.534Q-15.109-39.534-14.848-39.434Q-14.586-39.335-14.410-39.153Q-14.234-38.970-14.140-38.712Q-14.046-38.454-14.046-38.122Q-14.046-38.030-14.128-38.009L-16.384-38.009L-16.384-37.948Q-16.384-37.360-16.100-36.977Q-15.817-36.594-15.249-36.594Q-14.928-36.594-14.660-36.787Q-14.391-36.980-14.303-37.295Q-14.296-37.336-14.221-37.350L-14.128-37.350Q-14.046-37.326-14.046-37.254Q-14.046-37.247-14.053-37.220Q-14.166-36.823-14.537-36.584Q-14.908-36.345-15.331-36.345Q-15.769-36.345-16.169-36.553Q-16.569-36.762-16.808-37.129Q-17.047-37.496-17.047-37.948M-16.377-38.218L-14.562-38.218Q-14.562-38.495-14.660-38.747Q-14.757-39-14.955-39.156Q-15.154-39.311-15.437-39.311Q-15.714-39.311-15.928-39.153Q-16.141-38.994-16.259-38.739Q-16.377-38.484-16.377-38.218M-13.400-37.141Q-13.400-37.473-13.176-37.700Q-12.953-37.927-12.609-38.055Q-12.265-38.184-11.893-38.236Q-11.520-38.289-11.216-38.289L-11.216-38.542Q-11.216-38.747-11.324-38.927Q-11.432-39.106-11.613-39.209Q-11.794-39.311-12.002-39.311Q-12.409-39.311-12.645-39.219Q-12.556-39.182-12.510-39.098Q-12.464-39.014-12.464-38.912Q-12.464-38.816-12.510-38.737Q-12.556-38.659-12.636-38.614Q-12.717-38.570-12.806-38.570Q-12.956-38.570-13.057-38.667Q-13.158-38.765-13.158-38.912Q-13.158-39.534-12.002-39.534Q-11.790-39.534-11.541-39.470Q-11.291-39.407-11.090-39.288Q-10.888-39.168-10.762-38.983Q-10.635-38.799-10.635-38.556L-10.635-36.980Q-10.635-36.864-10.574-36.768Q-10.512-36.673-10.399-36.673Q-10.290-36.673-10.225-36.767Q-10.160-36.861-10.160-36.980L-10.160-37.428L-9.893-37.428L-9.893-36.980Q-9.893-36.710-10.121-36.545Q-10.348-36.379-10.628-36.379Q-10.837-36.379-10.974-36.533Q-11.110-36.686-11.134-36.902Q-11.281-36.635-11.563-36.490Q-11.845-36.345-12.170-36.345Q-12.447-36.345-12.730-36.420Q-13.014-36.495-13.207-36.674Q-13.400-36.854-13.400-37.141M-12.785-37.141Q-12.785-36.967-12.684-36.837Q-12.583-36.707-12.428-36.637Q-12.272-36.567-12.108-36.567Q-11.890-36.567-11.681-36.664Q-11.473-36.762-11.344-36.943Q-11.216-37.124-11.216-37.350L-11.216-38.078Q-11.541-38.078-11.907-37.987Q-12.272-37.896-12.529-37.684Q-12.785-37.473-12.785-37.141M-7.726-36.413L-9.463-36.413L-9.463-36.693Q-9.234-36.693-9.085-36.727Q-8.936-36.762-8.936-36.902L-8.936-38.751Q-8.936-39.021-9.044-39.082Q-9.152-39.144-9.463-39.144L-9.463-39.424L-8.434-39.499L-8.434-38.792Q-8.304-39.100-8.061-39.299Q-7.819-39.499-7.501-39.499Q-7.282-39.499-7.111-39.375Q-6.940-39.250-6.940-39.038Q-6.940-38.901-7.039-38.802Q-7.139-38.703-7.272-38.703Q-7.409-38.703-7.508-38.802Q-7.607-38.901-7.607-39.038Q-7.607-39.178-7.508-39.277Q-7.798-39.277-7.998-39.081Q-8.198-38.884-8.290-38.590Q-8.383-38.296-8.383-38.016L-8.383-36.902Q-8.383-36.693-7.726-36.693L-7.726-36.413M-5.829-37.254L-5.829-39.151L-6.469-39.151L-6.469-39.373Q-6.151-39.373-5.934-39.583Q-5.717-39.793-5.616-40.103Q-5.515-40.412-5.515-40.720L-5.248-40.720L-5.248-39.431L-4.172-39.431L-4.172-39.151L-5.248-39.151L-5.248-37.267Q-5.248-36.991-5.144-36.792Q-5.040-36.594-4.780-36.594Q-4.623-36.594-4.517-36.698Q-4.411-36.803-4.361-36.956Q-4.312-37.110-4.312-37.267L-4.312-37.681L-4.045-37.681L-4.045-37.254Q-4.045-37.028-4.144-36.818Q-4.244-36.608-4.428-36.476Q-4.613-36.345-4.842-36.345Q-5.279-36.345-5.554-36.582Q-5.829-36.820-5.829-37.254\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-30.656 22.769v-12.52h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(15.647 55.177)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.625-36.273Q-39.260-36.273-39.624-36.618Q-39.989-36.963-40.124-37.488Q-40.259-38.013-40.259-38.638Q-40.259-39.663-39.903-40.362Q-39.548-41.061-38.625-41.061Q-37.698-41.061-37.346-40.362Q-36.994-39.663-36.994-38.638Q-36.994-38.013-37.129-37.488Q-37.264-36.963-37.627-36.618Q-37.989-36.273-38.625-36.273M-38.625-36.498Q-38.187-36.498-37.974-36.873Q-37.760-37.247-37.710-37.714Q-37.661-38.180-37.661-38.758Q-37.661-39.311-37.710-39.739Q-37.760-40.166-37.972-40.501Q-38.184-40.836-38.625-40.836Q-38.967-40.836-39.170-40.629Q-39.373-40.422-39.460-40.110Q-39.548-39.797-39.570-39.481Q-39.592-39.164-39.592-38.758Q-39.592-38.341-39.570-37.999Q-39.548-37.657-39.459-37.309Q-39.370-36.960-39.165-36.729Q-38.960-36.498-38.625-36.498\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-soft-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M-13.015 22.769v-12.52H2.349v12.52Zm15.364-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" d=\"M-13.015 22.769v-12.52H2.349v12.52Zm15.364-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(33.288 55.177)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-37.288-36.413L-39.818-36.413L-39.818-36.693Q-38.850-36.693-38.850-36.902L-38.850-40.521Q-39.243-40.333-39.865-40.333L-39.865-40.614Q-39.448-40.614-39.084-40.715Q-38.720-40.815-38.464-41.061L-38.338-41.061Q-38.273-41.044-38.256-40.976L-38.256-36.902Q-38.256-36.693-37.288-36.693\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M4.625 22.769v-12.52H19.99v12.52Zm15.365-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(50.929 55.177)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.625-36.273Q-39.260-36.273-39.624-36.618Q-39.989-36.963-40.124-37.488Q-40.259-38.013-40.259-38.638Q-40.259-39.663-39.903-40.362Q-39.548-41.061-38.625-41.061Q-37.698-41.061-37.346-40.362Q-36.994-39.663-36.994-38.638Q-36.994-38.013-37.129-37.488Q-37.264-36.963-37.627-36.618Q-37.989-36.273-38.625-36.273M-38.625-36.498Q-38.187-36.498-37.974-36.873Q-37.760-37.247-37.710-37.714Q-37.661-38.180-37.661-38.758Q-37.661-39.311-37.710-39.739Q-37.760-40.166-37.972-40.501Q-38.184-40.836-38.625-40.836Q-38.967-40.836-39.170-40.629Q-39.373-40.422-39.460-40.110Q-39.548-39.797-39.570-39.481Q-39.592-39.164-39.592-38.758Q-39.592-38.341-39.570-37.999Q-39.548-37.657-39.459-37.309Q-39.370-36.960-39.165-36.729Q-38.960-36.498-38.625-36.498\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M22.266 22.769v-12.52H37.63v12.52Zm15.364-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(68.57 55.177)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.625-36.273Q-39.260-36.273-39.624-36.618Q-39.989-36.963-40.124-37.488Q-40.259-38.013-40.259-38.638Q-40.259-39.663-39.903-40.362Q-39.548-41.061-38.625-41.061Q-37.698-41.061-37.346-40.362Q-36.994-39.663-36.994-38.638Q-36.994-38.013-37.129-37.488Q-37.264-36.963-37.627-36.618Q-37.989-36.273-38.625-36.273M-38.625-36.498Q-38.187-36.498-37.974-36.873Q-37.760-37.247-37.710-37.714Q-37.661-38.180-37.661-38.758Q-37.661-39.311-37.710-39.739Q-37.760-40.166-37.972-40.501Q-38.184-40.836-38.625-40.836Q-38.967-40.836-39.170-40.629Q-39.373-40.422-39.460-40.110Q-39.548-39.797-39.570-39.481Q-39.592-39.164-39.592-38.758Q-39.592-38.341-39.570-37.999Q-39.548-37.657-39.459-37.309Q-39.370-36.960-39.165-36.729Q-38.960-36.498-38.625-36.498\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-soft-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M39.906 22.769v-12.52h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" d=\"M39.906 22.769v-12.52h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(86.21 55.177)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-37.288-36.413L-39.818-36.413L-39.818-36.693Q-38.850-36.693-38.850-36.902L-38.850-40.521Q-39.243-40.333-39.865-40.333L-39.865-40.614Q-39.448-40.614-39.084-40.715Q-38.720-40.815-38.464-41.061L-38.338-41.061Q-38.273-41.044-38.256-40.976L-38.256-36.902Q-38.256-36.693-37.288-36.693\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-soft-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M57.547 22.769v-12.52h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" d=\"M57.547 22.769v-12.52h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(103.85 55.177)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-37.288-36.413L-39.818-36.413L-39.818-36.693Q-38.850-36.693-38.850-36.902L-38.850-40.521Q-39.243-40.333-39.865-40.333L-39.865-40.614Q-39.448-40.614-39.084-40.715Q-38.720-40.815-38.464-41.061L-38.338-41.061Q-38.273-41.044-38.256-40.976L-38.256-36.902Q-38.256-36.693-37.288-36.693\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M75.187 22.769v-12.52h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(121.49 55.177)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.625-36.273Q-39.260-36.273-39.624-36.618Q-39.989-36.963-40.124-37.488Q-40.259-38.013-40.259-38.638Q-40.259-39.663-39.903-40.362Q-39.548-41.061-38.625-41.061Q-37.698-41.061-37.346-40.362Q-36.994-39.663-36.994-38.638Q-36.994-38.013-37.129-37.488Q-37.264-36.963-37.627-36.618Q-37.989-36.273-38.625-36.273M-38.625-36.498Q-38.187-36.498-37.974-36.873Q-37.760-37.247-37.710-37.714Q-37.661-38.180-37.661-38.758Q-37.661-39.311-37.710-39.739Q-37.760-40.166-37.972-40.501Q-38.184-40.836-38.625-40.836Q-38.967-40.836-39.170-40.629Q-39.373-40.422-39.460-40.110Q-39.548-39.797-39.570-39.481Q-39.592-39.164-39.592-38.758Q-39.592-38.341-39.570-37.999Q-39.548-37.657-39.459-37.309Q-39.370-36.960-39.165-36.729Q-38.960-36.498-38.625-36.498\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-soft-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M92.828 22.769v-12.52h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" d=\"M92.828 22.769v-12.52h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(139.131 55.177)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-37.288-36.413L-39.818-36.413L-39.818-36.693Q-38.850-36.693-38.850-36.902L-38.850-40.521Q-39.243-40.333-39.865-40.333L-39.865-40.614Q-39.448-40.614-39.084-40.715Q-38.720-40.815-38.464-41.061L-38.338-41.061Q-38.273-41.044-38.256-40.976L-38.256-36.902Q-38.256-36.693-37.288-36.693\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-soft-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M110.469 22.769v-12.52h15.364v12.52Zm15.364-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" d=\"M110.469 22.769v-12.52h15.364v12.52Zm15.364-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(156.772 55.177)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-37.288-36.413L-39.818-36.413L-39.818-36.693Q-38.850-36.693-38.850-36.902L-38.850-40.521Q-39.243-40.333-39.865-40.333L-39.865-40.614Q-39.448-40.614-39.084-40.715Q-38.720-40.815-38.464-41.061L-38.338-41.061Q-38.273-41.044-38.256-40.976L-38.256-36.902Q-38.256-36.693-37.288-36.693\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M128.11 22.769v-12.52h15.364v12.52Zm15.364-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(174.413 55.177)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.625-36.273Q-39.260-36.273-39.624-36.618Q-39.989-36.963-40.124-37.488Q-40.259-38.013-40.259-38.638Q-40.259-39.663-39.903-40.362Q-39.548-41.061-38.625-41.061Q-37.698-41.061-37.346-40.362Q-36.994-39.663-36.994-38.638Q-36.994-38.013-37.129-37.488Q-37.264-36.963-37.627-36.618Q-37.989-36.273-38.625-36.273M-38.625-36.498Q-38.187-36.498-37.974-36.873Q-37.760-37.247-37.710-37.714Q-37.661-38.180-37.661-38.758Q-37.661-39.311-37.710-39.739Q-37.760-40.166-37.972-40.501Q-38.184-40.836-38.625-40.836Q-38.967-40.836-39.170-40.629Q-39.373-40.422-39.460-40.110Q-39.548-39.797-39.570-39.481Q-39.592-39.164-39.592-38.758Q-39.592-38.341-39.570-37.999Q-39.548-37.657-39.459-37.309Q-39.370-36.960-39.165-36.729Q-38.960-36.498-38.625-36.498\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-14.926 72.312)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-40.341-35.880Q-40.341-36.126-40.144-36.310Q-39.947-36.495-39.691-36.574Q-39.828-36.686-39.900-36.847Q-39.971-37.008-39.971-37.189Q-39.971-37.510-39.760-37.756Q-40.094-38.054-40.094-38.464Q-40.094-38.925-39.705-39.212Q-39.315-39.499-38.837-39.499Q-38.365-39.499-38.030-39.253Q-37.856-39.407-37.645-39.489Q-37.435-39.571-37.206-39.571Q-37.042-39.571-36.921-39.464Q-36.800-39.356-36.800-39.192Q-36.800-39.096-36.871-39.024Q-36.943-38.953-37.035-38.953Q-37.135-38.953-37.205-39.026Q-37.275-39.100-37.275-39.199Q-37.275-39.253-37.261-39.284L-37.254-39.298Q-37.247-39.318-37.239-39.329Q-37.230-39.339-37.227-39.346Q-37.582-39.346-37.869-39.123Q-37.582-38.830-37.582-38.464Q-37.582-38.149-37.767-37.917Q-37.951-37.684-38.240-37.556Q-38.529-37.428-38.837-37.428Q-39.038-37.428-39.230-37.478Q-39.421-37.527-39.599-37.637Q-39.691-37.510-39.691-37.367Q-39.691-37.185-39.563-37.050Q-39.435-36.915-39.250-36.915L-38.618-36.915Q-38.170-36.915-37.801-36.844Q-37.432-36.772-37.172-36.543Q-36.912-36.314-36.912-35.880Q-36.912-35.559-37.208-35.357Q-37.504-35.155-37.907-35.066Q-38.310-34.977-38.625-34.977Q-38.943-34.977-39.346-35.066Q-39.749-35.155-40.045-35.357Q-40.341-35.559-40.341-35.880M-39.886-35.880Q-39.886-35.651-39.667-35.502Q-39.448-35.353-39.156-35.285Q-38.864-35.217-38.625-35.217Q-38.461-35.217-38.252-35.253Q-38.044-35.288-37.837-35.369Q-37.630-35.449-37.499-35.577Q-37.367-35.705-37.367-35.880Q-37.367-36.232-37.748-36.326Q-38.129-36.420-38.632-36.420L-39.250-36.420Q-39.489-36.420-39.688-36.269Q-39.886-36.119-39.886-35.880M-38.837-37.667Q-38.170-37.667-38.170-38.464Q-38.170-39.264-38.837-39.264Q-39.507-39.264-39.507-38.464Q-39.507-37.667-38.837-37.667M-36.260-37.141Q-36.260-37.473-36.036-37.700Q-35.812-37.927-35.468-38.055Q-35.125-38.184-34.752-38.236Q-34.380-38.289-34.075-38.289L-34.075-38.542Q-34.075-38.747-34.183-38.927Q-34.291-39.106-34.472-39.209Q-34.653-39.311-34.862-39.311Q-35.268-39.311-35.504-39.219Q-35.415-39.182-35.369-39.098Q-35.323-39.014-35.323-38.912Q-35.323-38.816-35.369-38.737Q-35.415-38.659-35.496-38.614Q-35.576-38.570-35.665-38.570Q-35.815-38.570-35.916-38.667Q-36.017-38.765-36.017-38.912Q-36.017-39.534-34.862-39.534Q-34.650-39.534-34.400-39.470Q-34.151-39.407-33.949-39.288Q-33.747-39.168-33.621-38.983Q-33.494-38.799-33.494-38.556L-33.494-36.980Q-33.494-36.864-33.433-36.768Q-33.371-36.673-33.259-36.673Q-33.149-36.673-33.084-36.767Q-33.019-36.861-33.019-36.980L-33.019-37.428L-32.753-37.428L-32.753-36.980Q-32.753-36.710-32.980-36.545Q-33.207-36.379-33.488-36.379Q-33.696-36.379-33.833-36.533Q-33.969-36.686-33.993-36.902Q-34.140-36.635-34.422-36.490Q-34.704-36.345-35.029-36.345Q-35.306-36.345-35.590-36.420Q-35.873-36.495-36.066-36.674Q-36.260-36.854-36.260-37.141M-35.644-37.141Q-35.644-36.967-35.543-36.837Q-35.443-36.707-35.287-36.637Q-35.132-36.567-34.968-36.567Q-34.749-36.567-34.540-36.664Q-34.332-36.762-34.204-36.943Q-34.075-37.124-34.075-37.350L-34.075-38.078Q-34.400-38.078-34.766-37.987Q-35.132-37.896-35.388-37.684Q-35.644-37.473-35.644-37.141M-30.586-36.413L-32.322-36.413L-32.322-36.693Q-32.093-36.693-31.944-36.727Q-31.796-36.762-31.796-36.902L-31.796-38.751Q-31.796-39.021-31.903-39.082Q-32.011-39.144-32.322-39.144L-32.322-39.424L-31.293-39.499L-31.293-38.792Q-31.163-39.100-30.921-39.299Q-30.678-39.499-30.360-39.499Q-30.141-39.499-29.970-39.375Q-29.800-39.250-29.800-39.038Q-29.800-38.901-29.899-38.802Q-29.998-38.703-30.131-38.703Q-30.268-38.703-30.367-38.802Q-30.466-38.901-30.466-39.038Q-30.466-39.178-30.367-39.277Q-30.657-39.277-30.857-39.081Q-31.057-38.884-31.150-38.590Q-31.242-38.296-31.242-38.016L-31.242-36.902Q-31.242-36.693-30.586-36.693L-30.586-36.413M-28.408-36.413L-28.675-36.413L-28.675-40.521Q-28.675-40.791-28.783-40.853Q-28.890-40.914-29.201-40.914L-29.201-41.195L-28.121-41.270L-28.121-39.100Q-27.913-39.291-27.627-39.395Q-27.342-39.499-27.045-39.499Q-26.727-39.499-26.429-39.378Q-26.132-39.257-25.910-39.041Q-25.688-38.826-25.561-38.541Q-25.435-38.255-25.435-37.924Q-25.435-37.479-25.674-37.115Q-25.913-36.751-26.306-36.548Q-26.699-36.345-27.144-36.345Q-27.339-36.345-27.528-36.401Q-27.718-36.457-27.879-36.562Q-28.039-36.666-28.179-36.827L-28.408-36.413M-28.094-38.758L-28.094-37.141Q-27.957-36.881-27.716-36.724Q-27.475-36.567-27.198-36.567Q-26.905-36.567-26.693-36.674Q-26.481-36.782-26.347-36.974Q-26.214-37.165-26.156-37.404Q-26.098-37.643-26.098-37.924Q-26.098-38.283-26.192-38.587Q-26.286-38.891-26.513-39.084Q-26.740-39.277-27.106-39.277Q-27.407-39.277-27.674-39.141Q-27.940-39.004-28.094-38.758M-24.741-37.141Q-24.741-37.473-24.517-37.700Q-24.293-37.927-23.950-38.055Q-23.606-38.184-23.234-38.236Q-22.861-38.289-22.557-38.289L-22.557-38.542Q-22.557-38.747-22.665-38.927Q-22.772-39.106-22.953-39.209Q-23.135-39.311-23.343-39.311Q-23.750-39.311-23.986-39.219Q-23.897-39.182-23.851-39.098Q-23.804-39.014-23.804-38.912Q-23.804-38.816-23.851-38.737Q-23.897-38.659-23.977-38.614Q-24.057-38.570-24.146-38.570Q-24.297-38.570-24.397-38.667Q-24.498-38.765-24.498-38.912Q-24.498-39.534-23.343-39.534Q-23.131-39.534-22.882-39.470Q-22.632-39.407-22.430-39.288Q-22.229-39.168-22.102-38.983Q-21.976-38.799-21.976-38.556L-21.976-36.980Q-21.976-36.864-21.914-36.768Q-21.853-36.673-21.740-36.673Q-21.631-36.673-21.566-36.767Q-21.501-36.861-21.501-36.980L-21.501-37.428L-21.234-37.428L-21.234-36.980Q-21.234-36.710-21.461-36.545Q-21.689-36.379-21.969-36.379Q-22.177-36.379-22.314-36.533Q-22.451-36.686-22.475-36.902Q-22.622-36.635-22.904-36.490Q-23.186-36.345-23.510-36.345Q-23.787-36.345-24.071-36.420Q-24.355-36.495-24.548-36.674Q-24.741-36.854-24.741-37.141M-24.126-37.141Q-24.126-36.967-24.025-36.837Q-23.924-36.707-23.769-36.637Q-23.613-36.567-23.449-36.567Q-23.230-36.567-23.022-36.664Q-22.813-36.762-22.685-36.943Q-22.557-37.124-22.557-37.350L-22.557-38.078Q-22.882-38.078-23.247-37.987Q-23.613-37.896-23.869-37.684Q-24.126-37.473-24.126-37.141M-20.858-35.880Q-20.858-36.126-20.662-36.310Q-20.465-36.495-20.209-36.574Q-20.345-36.686-20.417-36.847Q-20.489-37.008-20.489-37.189Q-20.489-37.510-20.277-37.756Q-20.612-38.054-20.612-38.464Q-20.612-38.925-20.222-39.212Q-19.833-39.499-19.354-39.499Q-18.883-39.499-18.548-39.253Q-18.373-39.407-18.163-39.489Q-17.953-39.571-17.724-39.571Q-17.560-39.571-17.438-39.464Q-17.317-39.356-17.317-39.192Q-17.317-39.096-17.389-39.024Q-17.461-38.953-17.553-38.953Q-17.652-38.953-17.722-39.026Q-17.792-39.100-17.792-39.199Q-17.792-39.253-17.779-39.284L-17.772-39.298Q-17.765-39.318-17.756-39.329Q-17.748-39.339-17.744-39.346Q-18.100-39.346-18.387-39.123Q-18.100-38.830-18.100-38.464Q-18.100-38.149-18.284-37.917Q-18.469-37.684-18.758-37.556Q-19.047-37.428-19.354-37.428Q-19.556-37.428-19.747-37.478Q-19.939-37.527-20.116-37.637Q-20.209-37.510-20.209-37.367Q-20.209-37.185-20.081-37.050Q-19.952-36.915-19.768-36.915L-19.135-36.915Q-18.688-36.915-18.319-36.844Q-17.949-36.772-17.690-36.543Q-17.430-36.314-17.430-35.880Q-17.430-35.559-17.726-35.357Q-18.021-35.155-18.425-35.066Q-18.828-34.977-19.142-34.977Q-19.460-34.977-19.864-35.066Q-20.267-35.155-20.562-35.357Q-20.858-35.559-20.858-35.880M-20.404-35.880Q-20.404-35.651-20.185-35.502Q-19.966-35.353-19.674-35.285Q-19.382-35.217-19.142-35.217Q-18.978-35.217-18.770-35.253Q-18.561-35.288-18.354-35.369Q-18.148-35.449-18.016-35.577Q-17.885-35.705-17.885-35.880Q-17.885-36.232-18.266-36.326Q-18.647-36.420-19.149-36.420L-19.768-36.420Q-20.007-36.420-20.205-36.269Q-20.404-36.119-20.404-35.880M-19.354-37.667Q-18.688-37.667-18.688-38.464Q-18.688-39.264-19.354-39.264Q-20.024-39.264-20.024-38.464Q-20.024-37.667-19.354-37.667M-16.876-37.948Q-16.876-38.269-16.751-38.558Q-16.627-38.847-16.401-39.070Q-16.176-39.294-15.880-39.414Q-15.584-39.534-15.266-39.534Q-14.938-39.534-14.677-39.434Q-14.415-39.335-14.239-39.153Q-14.063-38.970-13.969-38.712Q-13.875-38.454-13.875-38.122Q-13.875-38.030-13.957-38.009L-16.213-38.009L-16.213-37.948Q-16.213-37.360-15.929-36.977Q-15.646-36.594-15.078-36.594Q-14.757-36.594-14.489-36.787Q-14.220-36.980-14.132-37.295Q-14.125-37.336-14.050-37.350L-13.957-37.350Q-13.875-37.326-13.875-37.254Q-13.875-37.247-13.882-37.220Q-13.995-36.823-14.366-36.584Q-14.737-36.345-15.160-36.345Q-15.598-36.345-15.998-36.553Q-16.398-36.762-16.637-37.129Q-16.876-37.496-16.876-37.948M-16.206-38.218L-14.391-38.218Q-14.391-38.495-14.489-38.747Q-14.586-39-14.784-39.156Q-14.983-39.311-15.266-39.311Q-15.543-39.311-15.757-39.153Q-15.970-38.994-16.088-38.739Q-16.206-38.484-16.206-38.218\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-30.656 40.41V27.89h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(15.647 72.818)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.625-36.273Q-39.260-36.273-39.624-36.618Q-39.989-36.963-40.124-37.488Q-40.259-38.013-40.259-38.638Q-40.259-39.663-39.903-40.362Q-39.548-41.061-38.625-41.061Q-37.698-41.061-37.346-40.362Q-36.994-39.663-36.994-38.638Q-36.994-38.013-37.129-37.488Q-37.264-36.963-37.627-36.618Q-37.989-36.273-38.625-36.273M-38.625-36.498Q-38.187-36.498-37.974-36.873Q-37.760-37.247-37.710-37.714Q-37.661-38.180-37.661-38.758Q-37.661-39.311-37.710-39.739Q-37.760-40.166-37.972-40.501Q-38.184-40.836-38.625-40.836Q-38.967-40.836-39.170-40.629Q-39.373-40.422-39.460-40.110Q-39.548-39.797-39.570-39.481Q-39.592-39.164-39.592-38.758Q-39.592-38.341-39.570-37.999Q-39.548-37.657-39.459-37.309Q-39.370-36.960-39.165-36.729Q-38.960-36.498-38.625-36.498\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-13.015 40.41V27.89H2.349v12.52ZM2.349 27.89\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(33.288 72.818)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.625-36.273Q-39.260-36.273-39.624-36.618Q-39.989-36.963-40.124-37.488Q-40.259-38.013-40.259-38.638Q-40.259-39.663-39.903-40.362Q-39.548-41.061-38.625-41.061Q-37.698-41.061-37.346-40.362Q-36.994-39.663-36.994-38.638Q-36.994-38.013-37.129-37.488Q-37.264-36.963-37.627-36.618Q-37.989-36.273-38.625-36.273M-38.625-36.498Q-38.187-36.498-37.974-36.873Q-37.760-37.247-37.710-37.714Q-37.661-38.180-37.661-38.758Q-37.661-39.311-37.710-39.739Q-37.760-40.166-37.972-40.501Q-38.184-40.836-38.625-40.836Q-38.967-40.836-39.170-40.629Q-39.373-40.422-39.460-40.110Q-39.548-39.797-39.570-39.481Q-39.592-39.164-39.592-38.758Q-39.592-38.341-39.570-37.999Q-39.548-37.657-39.459-37.309Q-39.370-36.960-39.165-36.729Q-38.960-36.498-38.625-36.498\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-soft-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M4.625 40.41V27.89H19.99v12.52ZM19.99 27.89\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" d=\"M4.625 40.41V27.89H19.99v12.52ZM19.99 27.89\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(50.929 72.818)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-37.288-36.413L-39.818-36.413L-39.818-36.693Q-38.850-36.693-38.850-36.902L-38.850-40.521Q-39.243-40.333-39.865-40.333L-39.865-40.614Q-39.448-40.614-39.084-40.715Q-38.720-40.815-38.464-41.061L-38.338-41.061Q-38.273-41.044-38.256-40.976L-38.256-36.902Q-38.256-36.693-37.288-36.693\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M22.266 40.41V27.89H37.63v12.52ZM37.63 27.89\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(68.57 72.818)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.625-36.273Q-39.260-36.273-39.624-36.618Q-39.989-36.963-40.124-37.488Q-40.259-38.013-40.259-38.638Q-40.259-39.663-39.903-40.362Q-39.548-41.061-38.625-41.061Q-37.698-41.061-37.346-40.362Q-36.994-39.663-36.994-38.638Q-36.994-38.013-37.129-37.488Q-37.264-36.963-37.627-36.618Q-37.989-36.273-38.625-36.273M-38.625-36.498Q-38.187-36.498-37.974-36.873Q-37.760-37.247-37.710-37.714Q-37.661-38.180-37.661-38.758Q-37.661-39.311-37.710-39.739Q-37.760-40.166-37.972-40.501Q-38.184-40.836-38.625-40.836Q-38.967-40.836-39.170-40.629Q-39.373-40.422-39.460-40.110Q-39.548-39.797-39.570-39.481Q-39.592-39.164-39.592-38.758Q-39.592-38.341-39.570-37.999Q-39.548-37.657-39.459-37.309Q-39.370-36.960-39.165-36.729Q-38.960-36.498-38.625-36.498\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M39.906 40.41V27.89h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(86.21 72.818)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.625-36.273Q-39.260-36.273-39.624-36.618Q-39.989-36.963-40.124-37.488Q-40.259-38.013-40.259-38.638Q-40.259-39.663-39.903-40.362Q-39.548-41.061-38.625-41.061Q-37.698-41.061-37.346-40.362Q-36.994-39.663-36.994-38.638Q-36.994-38.013-37.129-37.488Q-37.264-36.963-37.627-36.618Q-37.989-36.273-38.625-36.273M-38.625-36.498Q-38.187-36.498-37.974-36.873Q-37.760-37.247-37.710-37.714Q-37.661-38.180-37.661-38.758Q-37.661-39.311-37.710-39.739Q-37.760-40.166-37.972-40.501Q-38.184-40.836-38.625-40.836Q-38.967-40.836-39.170-40.629Q-39.373-40.422-39.460-40.110Q-39.548-39.797-39.570-39.481Q-39.592-39.164-39.592-38.758Q-39.592-38.341-39.570-37.999Q-39.548-37.657-39.459-37.309Q-39.370-36.960-39.165-36.729Q-38.960-36.498-38.625-36.498\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M57.547 40.41V27.89h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(103.85 72.818)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.625-36.273Q-39.260-36.273-39.624-36.618Q-39.989-36.963-40.124-37.488Q-40.259-38.013-40.259-38.638Q-40.259-39.663-39.903-40.362Q-39.548-41.061-38.625-41.061Q-37.698-41.061-37.346-40.362Q-36.994-39.663-36.994-38.638Q-36.994-38.013-37.129-37.488Q-37.264-36.963-37.627-36.618Q-37.989-36.273-38.625-36.273M-38.625-36.498Q-38.187-36.498-37.974-36.873Q-37.760-37.247-37.710-37.714Q-37.661-38.180-37.661-38.758Q-37.661-39.311-37.710-39.739Q-37.760-40.166-37.972-40.501Q-38.184-40.836-38.625-40.836Q-38.967-40.836-39.170-40.629Q-39.373-40.422-39.460-40.110Q-39.548-39.797-39.570-39.481Q-39.592-39.164-39.592-38.758Q-39.592-38.341-39.570-37.999Q-39.548-37.657-39.459-37.309Q-39.370-36.960-39.165-36.729Q-38.960-36.498-38.625-36.498\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M75.187 40.41V27.89h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(121.49 72.818)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.625-36.273Q-39.260-36.273-39.624-36.618Q-39.989-36.963-40.124-37.488Q-40.259-38.013-40.259-38.638Q-40.259-39.663-39.903-40.362Q-39.548-41.061-38.625-41.061Q-37.698-41.061-37.346-40.362Q-36.994-39.663-36.994-38.638Q-36.994-38.013-37.129-37.488Q-37.264-36.963-37.627-36.618Q-37.989-36.273-38.625-36.273M-38.625-36.498Q-38.187-36.498-37.974-36.873Q-37.760-37.247-37.710-37.714Q-37.661-38.180-37.661-38.758Q-37.661-39.311-37.710-39.739Q-37.760-40.166-37.972-40.501Q-38.184-40.836-38.625-40.836Q-38.967-40.836-39.170-40.629Q-39.373-40.422-39.460-40.110Q-39.548-39.797-39.570-39.481Q-39.592-39.164-39.592-38.758Q-39.592-38.341-39.570-37.999Q-39.548-37.657-39.459-37.309Q-39.370-36.960-39.165-36.729Q-38.960-36.498-38.625-36.498\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M92.828 40.41V27.89h15.365v12.52Zm15.365-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(139.131 72.818)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.625-36.273Q-39.260-36.273-39.624-36.618Q-39.989-36.963-40.124-37.488Q-40.259-38.013-40.259-38.638Q-40.259-39.663-39.903-40.362Q-39.548-41.061-38.625-41.061Q-37.698-41.061-37.346-40.362Q-36.994-39.663-36.994-38.638Q-36.994-38.013-37.129-37.488Q-37.264-36.963-37.627-36.618Q-37.989-36.273-38.625-36.273M-38.625-36.498Q-38.187-36.498-37.974-36.873Q-37.760-37.247-37.710-37.714Q-37.661-38.180-37.661-38.758Q-37.661-39.311-37.710-39.739Q-37.760-40.166-37.972-40.501Q-38.184-40.836-38.625-40.836Q-38.967-40.836-39.170-40.629Q-39.373-40.422-39.460-40.110Q-39.548-39.797-39.570-39.481Q-39.592-39.164-39.592-38.758Q-39.592-38.341-39.570-37.999Q-39.548-37.657-39.459-37.309Q-39.370-36.960-39.165-36.729Q-38.960-36.498-38.625-36.498\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M110.469 40.41V27.89h15.364v12.52Zm15.364-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(156.772 72.818)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-38.625-36.273Q-39.260-36.273-39.624-36.618Q-39.989-36.963-40.124-37.488Q-40.259-38.013-40.259-38.638Q-40.259-39.663-39.903-40.362Q-39.548-41.061-38.625-41.061Q-37.698-41.061-37.346-40.362Q-36.994-39.663-36.994-38.638Q-36.994-38.013-37.129-37.488Q-37.264-36.963-37.627-36.618Q-37.989-36.273-38.625-36.273M-38.625-36.498Q-38.187-36.498-37.974-36.873Q-37.760-37.247-37.710-37.714Q-37.661-38.180-37.661-38.758Q-37.661-39.311-37.710-39.739Q-37.760-40.166-37.972-40.501Q-38.184-40.836-38.625-40.836Q-38.967-40.836-39.170-40.629Q-39.373-40.422-39.460-40.110Q-39.548-39.797-39.570-39.481Q-39.592-39.164-39.592-38.758Q-39.592-38.341-39.570-37.999Q-39.548-37.657-39.459-37.309Q-39.370-36.960-39.165-36.729Q-38.960-36.498-38.625-36.498\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-soft-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M128.11 40.41V27.89h15.364v12.52Zm15.364-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" d=\"M128.11 40.41V27.89h15.364v12.52Zm15.364-12.52\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(174.413 72.818)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-37.288-36.413L-39.818-36.413L-39.818-36.693Q-38.850-36.693-38.850-36.902L-38.850-40.521Q-39.243-40.333-39.865-40.333L-39.865-40.614Q-39.448-40.614-39.084-40.715Q-38.720-40.815-38.464-41.061L-38.338-41.061Q-38.273-41.044-38.256-40.976L-38.256-36.902Q-38.256-36.693-37.288-36.693\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fsvg>\u003Cfigcaption class=\"tikz-cap\">EmoLex (NRC Word-Emotion Association Lexicon) entries. Each word gets a binary 0\u002F1 for each of Plutchik's 8 emotions plus positive\u002Fnegative; a filled cell means the word is associated with that emotion.\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>","\u003Csvg style=\"width:100%;max-width:365.759px;height:auto\" xmlns=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg\" viewBox=\"-75 -75 274.319 130.189\">\u003Cg stroke=\"currentColor\" style=\"stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-width:.4\">\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr8\" font-size=\"8\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-2.157 -63.441)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-28.686 0.559L-30.389-4.398Q-30.455-4.574-30.631-4.619Q-30.807-4.664-31.100-4.664L-31.100-4.961L-28.955-4.961L-28.955-4.664Q-29.612-4.664-29.612-4.449Q-29.608-4.437-29.606-4.428Q-29.604-4.418-29.604-4.398L-28.252-0.465L-27.053-3.969L-27.198-4.398Q-27.268-4.574-27.442-4.619Q-27.615-4.664-27.908-4.664L-27.908-4.961L-25.772-4.961L-25.772-4.664Q-26.420-4.664-26.420-4.449Q-26.420-4.406-26.412-4.398L-25.061-0.465L-23.787-4.184Q-23.772-4.230-23.772-4.266Q-23.772-4.406-23.881-4.498Q-23.990-4.590-24.147-4.627Q-24.303-4.664-24.436-4.664L-24.436-4.961L-22.701-4.961L-22.701-4.664Q-23.319-4.664-23.490-4.184L-25.115 0.559Q-25.135 0.609-25.178 0.641Q-25.221 0.672-25.276 0.672L-25.330 0.672Q-25.451 0.672-25.490 0.559L-26.901-3.535L-28.307 0.559Q-28.326 0.609-28.369 0.641Q-28.412 0.672-28.467 0.672L-28.526 0.672Q-28.639 0.672-28.686 0.559M-20.365 0.504L-22.221 0.504L-22.221 0.207Q-21.948 0.207-21.780 0.160Q-21.612 0.113-21.612-0.055L-21.612-4.215Q-21.612-4.430-21.674-4.525Q-21.737-4.621-21.856-4.642Q-21.975-4.664-22.221-4.664L-22.221-4.961L-20.998-5.047L-20.998-2.344Q-20.873-2.555-20.686-2.705Q-20.498-2.855-20.272-2.939Q-20.045-3.023-19.799-3.023Q-18.631-3.023-18.631-1.945L-18.631-0.055Q-18.631 0.113-18.461 0.160Q-18.291 0.207-18.022 0.207L-18.022 0.504L-19.877 0.504L-19.877 0.207Q-19.604 0.207-19.436 0.160Q-19.268 0.113-19.268-0.055L-19.268-1.930Q-19.268-2.312-19.389-2.541Q-19.510-2.769-19.862-2.769Q-20.174-2.769-20.428-2.607Q-20.682-2.445-20.828-2.176Q-20.975-1.906-20.975-1.609L-20.975-0.055Q-20.975 0.113-20.805 0.160Q-20.635 0.207-20.365 0.207L-20.365 0.504M-15.717 0.504L-17.494 0.504L-17.494 0.207Q-17.221 0.207-17.053 0.160Q-16.885 0.113-16.885-0.055L-16.885-2.191Q-16.885-2.406-16.942-2.502Q-16.998-2.598-17.112-2.619Q-17.225-2.641-17.471-2.641L-17.471-2.937L-16.272-3.023L-16.272-0.055Q-16.272 0.113-16.125 0.160Q-15.979 0.207-15.717 0.207L-15.717 0.504M-17.158-4.418Q-17.158-4.609-17.024-4.740Q-16.889-4.871-16.694-4.871Q-16.573-4.871-16.469-4.809Q-16.365-4.746-16.303-4.642Q-16.240-4.539-16.240-4.418Q-16.240-4.223-16.371-4.088Q-16.502-3.953-16.694-3.953Q-16.893-3.953-17.026-4.086Q-17.158-4.219-17.158-4.418M-15.174-1.223Q-15.174-1.719-14.924-2.144Q-14.674-2.570-14.254-2.816Q-13.834-3.062-13.334-3.062Q-12.795-3.062-12.405-2.937Q-12.014-2.812-12.014-2.398Q-12.014-2.293-12.065-2.201Q-12.115-2.109-12.207-2.058Q-12.299-2.008-12.408-2.008Q-12.514-2.008-12.606-2.058Q-12.698-2.109-12.748-2.201Q-12.799-2.293-12.799-2.398Q-12.799-2.621-12.631-2.726Q-12.854-2.785-13.326-2.785Q-13.623-2.785-13.838-2.646Q-14.053-2.508-14.184-2.277Q-14.315-2.047-14.373-1.777Q-14.432-1.508-14.432-1.223Q-14.432-0.828-14.299-0.478Q-14.166-0.129-13.895 0.088Q-13.623 0.305-13.225 0.305Q-12.850 0.305-12.574 0.088Q-12.299-0.129-12.198-0.488Q-12.182-0.551-12.119-0.551L-12.014-0.551Q-11.979-0.551-11.953-0.523Q-11.928-0.496-11.928-0.457L-11.928-0.433Q-12.061 0.047-12.446 0.315Q-12.830 0.582-13.334 0.582Q-13.698 0.582-14.031 0.445Q-14.365 0.309-14.625 0.059Q-14.885-0.191-15.030-0.527Q-15.174-0.863-15.174-1.223\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-2.157 -63.441)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-9.739 0.504L-11.595 0.504L-11.595 0.207Q-11.321 0.207-11.153 0.160Q-10.985 0.113-10.985-0.055L-10.985-4.215Q-10.985-4.430-11.048-4.525Q-11.110-4.621-11.229-4.642Q-11.348-4.664-11.595-4.664L-11.595-4.961L-10.372-5.047L-10.372-2.344Q-10.247-2.555-10.059-2.705Q-9.872-2.855-9.645-2.939Q-9.419-3.023-9.173-3.023Q-8.005-3.023-8.005-1.945L-8.005-0.055Q-8.005 0.113-7.835 0.160Q-7.665 0.207-7.395 0.207L-7.395 0.504L-9.251 0.504L-9.251 0.207Q-8.977 0.207-8.809 0.160Q-8.641 0.113-8.641-0.055L-8.641-1.930Q-8.641-2.312-8.762-2.541Q-8.884-2.769-9.235-2.769Q-9.548-2.769-9.802-2.607Q-10.055-2.445-10.202-2.176Q-10.348-1.906-10.348-1.609L-10.348-0.055Q-10.348 0.113-10.178 0.160Q-10.009 0.207-9.739 0.207\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-2.157 -63.441)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-2.253 0.504L-4.031 0.504L-4.031 0.207Q-3.757 0.207-3.589 0.160Q-3.421 0.113-3.421-0.055L-3.421-2.191Q-3.421-2.406-3.478-2.502Q-3.535-2.598-3.648-2.619Q-3.761-2.641-4.007-2.641L-4.007-2.937L-2.808-3.023L-2.808-0.055Q-2.808 0.113-2.662 0.160Q-2.515 0.207-2.253 0.207L-2.253 0.504M-3.695-4.418Q-3.695-4.609-3.560-4.740Q-3.425-4.871-3.230-4.871Q-3.109-4.871-3.005-4.809Q-2.902-4.746-2.839-4.642Q-2.777-4.539-2.777-4.418Q-2.777-4.223-2.908-4.088Q-3.038-3.953-3.230-3.953Q-3.429-3.953-3.562-4.086Q-3.695-4.219-3.695-4.418M-1.710 0.496L-1.710-0.726Q-1.710-0.754-1.679-0.785Q-1.648-0.816-1.624-0.816L-1.519-0.816Q-1.449-0.816-1.433-0.754Q-1.371-0.433-1.232-0.193Q-1.093 0.047-0.861 0.188Q-0.628 0.328-0.320 0.328Q-0.081 0.328 0.128 0.268Q0.337 0.207 0.473 0.059Q0.610-0.090 0.610-0.336Q0.610-0.590 0.399-0.756Q0.188-0.922-0.081-0.976L-0.703-1.090Q-1.109-1.168-1.410-1.424Q-1.710-1.680-1.710-2.055Q-1.710-2.422-1.509-2.644Q-1.308-2.867-0.984-2.965Q-0.660-3.062-0.320-3.062Q0.145-3.062 0.442-2.855L0.665-3.039Q0.688-3.062 0.719-3.062L0.770-3.062Q0.801-3.062 0.829-3.035Q0.856-3.008 0.856-2.976L0.856-1.992Q0.856-1.961 0.831-1.932Q0.805-1.902 0.770-1.902L0.665-1.902Q0.629-1.902 0.602-1.930Q0.575-1.957 0.575-1.992Q0.575-2.391 0.323-2.611Q0.071-2.832-0.328-2.832Q-0.683-2.832-0.966-2.709Q-1.249-2.586-1.249-2.281Q-1.249-2.062-1.048-1.930Q-0.847-1.797-0.601-1.754L0.024-1.641Q0.454-1.551 0.762-1.254Q1.071-0.957 1.071-0.543Q1.071 0.027 0.672 0.305Q0.274 0.582-0.320 0.582Q-0.871 0.582-1.222 0.246L-1.519 0.559Q-1.542 0.582-1.578 0.582L-1.624 0.582Q-1.648 0.582-1.679 0.551Q-1.710 0.520-1.710 0.496\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-2.157 -63.441)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M6.493 0.504L4.571 0.504L4.571 0.207Q5.380 0.207 5.380-0.273L5.380-4.398Q5.380-4.570 5.137-4.617Q4.895-4.664 4.571-4.664L4.571-4.961L6.067-4.961Q6.176-4.961 6.235-4.848L8.083-0.305L9.923-4.848Q9.985-4.961 10.091-4.961L11.594-4.961L11.594-4.664Q11.274-4.664 11.032-4.617Q10.790-4.570 10.790-4.398L10.790-0.055Q10.790 0.113 11.032 0.160Q11.274 0.207 11.594 0.207L11.594 0.504L9.294 0.504L9.294 0.207Q10.098 0.207 10.098-0.055L10.098-4.648L8.051 0.391Q8.016 0.504 7.883 0.504Q7.743 0.504 7.708 0.391L5.684-4.586L5.684-0.273Q5.684 0.207 6.493 0.207L6.493 0.504M15.278 0.672Q14.696 0.672 14.178 0.445Q13.661 0.219 13.272-0.180Q12.883-0.578 12.665-1.103Q12.446-1.629 12.446-2.199Q12.446-2.969 12.821-3.646Q13.196-4.324 13.846-4.726Q14.497-5.129 15.278-5.129Q16.051-5.129 16.702-4.726Q17.352-4.324 17.727-3.646Q18.102-2.969 18.102-2.199Q18.102-1.629 17.882-1.098Q17.661-0.566 17.276-0.174Q16.891 0.219 16.374 0.445Q15.856 0.672 15.278 0.672M13.837-0.398Q14.001-0.168 14.231 0.008Q14.462 0.184 14.729 0.279Q14.997 0.375 15.278 0.375Q15.696 0.375 16.077 0.164Q16.458-0.047 16.708-0.398Q17.239-1.117 17.239-2.336Q17.239-2.965 17.024-3.543Q16.809-4.121 16.368-4.484Q15.926-4.848 15.278-4.848Q14.626-4.848 14.182-4.484Q13.739-4.121 13.524-3.543Q13.309-2.965 13.309-2.336Q13.309-1.117 13.837-0.398M19.055 0.582L19.055-1.223Q19.055-1.250 19.087-1.281Q19.118-1.312 19.141-1.312L19.247-1.312Q19.278-1.312 19.307-1.283Q19.337-1.254 19.337-1.223Q19.337-0.441 19.852-0.033Q20.368 0.375 21.176 0.375Q21.473 0.375 21.729 0.225Q21.985 0.074 22.135-0.182Q22.286-0.437 22.286-0.734Q22.286-1.133 22.040-1.437Q21.794-1.742 21.423-1.824L20.301-2.082Q19.962-2.156 19.675-2.377Q19.387-2.598 19.221-2.916Q19.055-3.234 19.055-3.586Q19.055-4.016 19.286-4.371Q19.516-4.726 19.897-4.928Q20.278-5.129 20.704-5.129Q20.954-5.129 21.200-5.070Q21.446-5.012 21.665-4.889Q21.883-4.766 22.048-4.586L22.376-5.082Q22.407-5.129 22.446-5.129L22.493-5.129Q22.520-5.129 22.551-5.098Q22.583-5.066 22.583-5.039L22.583-3.230Q22.583-3.207 22.551-3.176Q22.520-3.144 22.493-3.144L22.391-3.144Q22.360-3.144 22.331-3.174Q22.301-3.203 22.301-3.230Q22.301-3.363 22.258-3.549Q22.216-3.734 22.151-3.889Q22.087-4.043 21.987-4.201Q21.887-4.359 21.798-4.449Q21.368-4.855 20.704-4.855Q20.426-4.855 20.167-4.723Q19.907-4.590 19.749-4.355Q19.591-4.121 19.591-3.840Q19.591-3.484 19.831-3.213Q20.071-2.941 20.438-2.855L21.551-2.601Q21.829-2.535 22.061-2.381Q22.294-2.226 22.464-2.008Q22.633-1.789 22.727-1.531Q22.821-1.273 22.821-0.984Q22.821-0.656 22.696-0.353Q22.571-0.051 22.337 0.186Q22.102 0.422 21.809 0.547Q21.516 0.672 21.176 0.672Q20.161 0.672 19.591 0.129L19.262 0.625Q19.231 0.672 19.192 0.672L19.141 0.672Q19.118 0.672 19.087 0.641Q19.055 0.609 19.055 0.582M27.887 0.504L24.844 0.504L24.844 0.207Q25.606 0.207 25.790 0.168Q25.833 0.156 25.882 0.123Q25.930 0.090 25.956 0.047Q25.981 0.004 25.981-0.055L25.981-4.398Q25.981-4.574 25.889-4.619Q25.798-4.664 25.583-4.664L25.188-4.664Q24.493-4.664 24.204-4.375Q24.055-4.226 23.993-3.906Q23.930-3.586 23.887-3.113L23.606-3.113L23.766-4.961L28.966-4.961L29.126-3.113L28.844-3.113Q28.801-3.621 28.739-3.924Q28.676-4.226 28.524-4.375Q28.239-4.664 27.540-4.664L27.149-4.664Q26.934-4.664 26.842-4.621Q26.751-4.578 26.751-4.398L26.751-0.055Q26.751 0.020 26.805 0.084Q26.860 0.149 26.942 0.168Q27.126 0.207 27.887 0.207\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-2.157 -63.441)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M32.758 2.320Q32.758 2.301 32.773 2.246L35.699-5.391Q35.765-5.496 35.871-5.496Q35.949-5.496 36.002-5.443Q36.055-5.391 36.055-5.312Q36.055-5.293 36.039-5.238L33.109 2.399Q33.047 2.504 32.941 2.504Q32.867 2.504 32.812 2.449Q32.758 2.395 32.758 2.320\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-2.157 -63.441)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M44.088 0.504L39.705 0.504L39.705 0.207Q40.025 0.207 40.269 0.160Q40.514 0.113 40.514-0.055L40.514-4.398Q40.514-4.570 40.269-4.617Q40.025-4.664 39.705-4.664L39.705-4.961L42.291-4.961L42.291-4.664Q41.279-4.664 41.279-4.398L41.279-0.055Q41.279 0.117 41.371 0.162Q41.463 0.207 41.681 0.207L42.369 0.207Q42.842 0.207 43.150 0.082Q43.459-0.043 43.637-0.273Q43.814-0.504 43.906-0.830Q43.998-1.156 44.041-1.609L44.322-1.609L44.088 0.504M49.857 0.504L45.010 0.504L45.010 0.207Q45.330 0.207 45.574 0.160Q45.818 0.113 45.818-0.055L45.818-4.398Q45.818-4.570 45.574-4.617Q45.330-4.664 45.010-4.664L45.010-4.961L49.744-4.961L49.978-3.113L49.697-3.113Q49.615-3.808 49.439-4.129Q49.264-4.449 48.916-4.557Q48.568-4.664 47.849-4.664L46.986-4.664Q46.767-4.664 46.676-4.621Q46.584-4.578 46.584-4.398L46.584-2.480L47.217-2.480Q47.642-2.480 47.849-2.543Q48.056-2.605 48.144-2.801Q48.232-2.996 48.232-3.418L48.514-3.418L48.514-1.250L48.232-1.250Q48.232-1.672 48.144-1.865Q48.056-2.058 47.849-2.121Q47.642-2.183 47.217-2.183L46.584-2.183L46.584-0.055Q46.584 0.117 46.676 0.162Q46.767 0.207 46.986 0.207L47.912 0.207Q48.494 0.207 48.848 0.125Q49.201 0.043 49.406-0.154Q49.611-0.351 49.724-0.689Q49.838-1.027 49.931-1.609L50.209-1.609L49.857 0.504M52.490 0.504L50.740 0.504L50.740 0.207Q51.439 0.207 51.627-0.273L53.428-5.098Q53.482-5.207 53.596-5.207L53.666-5.207Q53.779-5.207 53.834-5.098L55.724-0.055Q55.803 0.113 56.006 0.160Q56.209 0.207 56.521 0.207L56.521 0.504L54.299 0.504L54.299 0.207Q54.939 0.207 54.939-0.008Q54.939-0.027 54.937-0.037Q54.935-0.047 54.931-0.055L54.467-1.289L52.322-1.289L51.939-0.273Q51.935-0.258 51.930-0.228Q51.924-0.199 51.924-0.176Q51.924-0.035 52.014 0.049Q52.103 0.133 52.236 0.170Q52.369 0.207 52.490 0.207L52.490 0.504M53.396-4.152L52.428-1.586L54.353-1.586L53.396-4.152M57.283 0.582L57.283-1.223Q57.283-1.250 57.314-1.281Q57.346-1.312 57.369-1.312L57.474-1.312Q57.506-1.312 57.535-1.283Q57.564-1.254 57.564-1.223Q57.564-0.441 58.080-0.033Q58.596 0.375 59.404 0.375Q59.701 0.375 59.957 0.225Q60.213 0.074 60.363-0.182Q60.514-0.437 60.514-0.734Q60.514-1.133 60.267-1.437Q60.021-1.742 59.650-1.824L58.529-2.082Q58.189-2.156 57.902-2.377Q57.615-2.598 57.449-2.916Q57.283-3.234 57.283-3.586Q57.283-4.016 57.514-4.371Q57.744-4.726 58.125-4.928Q58.506-5.129 58.931-5.129Q59.181-5.129 59.428-5.070Q59.674-5.012 59.892-4.889Q60.111-4.766 60.275-4.586L60.603-5.082Q60.635-5.129 60.674-5.129L60.721-5.129Q60.748-5.129 60.779-5.098Q60.810-5.066 60.810-5.039L60.810-3.230Q60.810-3.207 60.779-3.176Q60.748-3.144 60.721-3.144L60.619-3.144Q60.588-3.144 60.558-3.174Q60.529-3.203 60.529-3.230Q60.529-3.363 60.486-3.549Q60.443-3.734 60.379-3.889Q60.314-4.043 60.215-4.201Q60.115-4.359 60.025-4.449Q59.596-4.855 58.931-4.855Q58.654-4.855 58.394-4.723Q58.135-4.590 57.976-4.355Q57.818-4.121 57.818-3.840Q57.818-3.484 58.058-3.213Q58.299-2.941 58.666-2.855L59.779-2.601Q60.056-2.535 60.289-2.381Q60.521-2.226 60.691-2.008Q60.861-1.789 60.955-1.531Q61.049-1.273 61.049-0.984Q61.049-0.656 60.924-0.353Q60.799-0.051 60.564 0.186Q60.330 0.422 60.037 0.547Q59.744 0.672 59.404 0.672Q58.389 0.672 57.818 0.129L57.490 0.625Q57.459 0.672 57.420 0.672L57.369 0.672Q57.346 0.672 57.314 0.641Q57.283 0.609 57.283 0.582M66.115 0.504L63.072 0.504L63.072 0.207Q63.834 0.207 64.017 0.168Q64.060 0.156 64.109 0.123Q64.158 0.090 64.183 0.047Q64.209 0.004 64.209-0.055L64.209-4.398Q64.209-4.574 64.117-4.619Q64.025-4.664 63.810-4.664L63.416-4.664Q62.721-4.664 62.431-4.375Q62.283-4.226 62.221-3.906Q62.158-3.586 62.115-3.113L61.834-3.113L61.994-4.961L67.193-4.961L67.353-3.113L67.072-3.113Q67.029-3.621 66.967-3.924Q66.904-4.226 66.752-4.375Q66.467-4.664 65.767-4.664L65.377-4.664Q65.162-4.664 65.070-4.621Q64.978-4.578 64.978-4.398L64.978-0.055Q64.978 0.020 65.033 0.084Q65.088 0.149 65.170 0.168Q65.353 0.207 66.115 0.207\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-2.157 -63.441)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M72.640 2.055L70.785 2.055L70.785 1.762Q71.054 1.762 71.222 1.717Q71.390 1.672 71.390 1.496L71.390-2.328Q71.390-2.535 71.234-2.588Q71.078-2.641 70.785-2.641L70.785-2.937L72.007-3.023L72.007-2.558Q72.238-2.781 72.552-2.902Q72.867-3.023 73.207-3.023Q73.679-3.023 74.083-2.777Q74.488-2.531 74.720-2.115Q74.953-1.699 74.953-1.223Q74.953-0.848 74.804-0.519Q74.656-0.191 74.386 0.061Q74.117 0.313 73.773 0.447Q73.429 0.582 73.070 0.582Q72.781 0.582 72.509 0.461Q72.238 0.340 72.031 0.129L72.031 1.496Q72.031 1.672 72.199 1.717Q72.367 1.762 72.640 1.762L72.640 2.055M72.031-2.160L72.031-0.320Q72.183-0.031 72.445 0.149Q72.707 0.328 73.015 0.328Q73.300 0.328 73.523 0.190Q73.746 0.051 73.898-0.180Q74.050-0.410 74.128-0.682Q74.207-0.953 74.207-1.223Q74.207-1.555 74.082-1.912Q73.957-2.269 73.708-2.506Q73.460-2.742 73.113-2.742Q72.789-2.742 72.494-2.586Q72.199-2.430 72.031-2.160\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-2.157 -63.441)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M75.716-1.191Q75.716-1.695 75.972-2.127Q76.228-2.558 76.664-2.810Q77.099-3.062 77.599-3.062Q77.986-3.062 78.328-2.918Q78.669-2.773 78.931-2.512Q79.193-2.250 79.335-1.914Q79.478-1.578 79.478-1.191Q79.478-0.699 79.214-0.289Q78.951 0.121 78.521 0.352Q78.091 0.582 77.599 0.582Q77.107 0.582 76.673 0.350Q76.240 0.117 75.978-0.291Q75.716-0.699 75.716-1.191M77.599 0.305Q78.056 0.305 78.308 0.082Q78.560-0.141 78.648-0.492Q78.736-0.844 78.736-1.289Q78.736-1.719 78.642-2.057Q78.548-2.394 78.294-2.601Q78.040-2.808 77.599-2.808Q76.951-2.808 76.707-2.392Q76.462-1.976 76.462-1.289Q76.462-0.844 76.550-0.492Q76.638-0.141 76.890 0.082Q77.142 0.305 77.599 0.305M80.005 0.496L80.005-0.726Q80.005-0.754 80.037-0.785Q80.068-0.816 80.091-0.816L80.197-0.816Q80.267-0.816 80.283-0.754Q80.345-0.433 80.484-0.193Q80.623 0.047 80.855 0.188Q81.087 0.328 81.396 0.328Q81.634 0.328 81.843 0.268Q82.052 0.207 82.189 0.059Q82.326-0.090 82.326-0.336Q82.326-0.590 82.115-0.756Q81.904-0.922 81.634-0.976L81.013-1.090Q80.607-1.168 80.306-1.424Q80.005-1.680 80.005-2.055Q80.005-2.422 80.207-2.644Q80.408-2.867 80.732-2.965Q81.056-3.062 81.396-3.062Q81.861-3.062 82.158-2.855L82.380-3.039Q82.404-3.062 82.435-3.062L82.486-3.062Q82.517-3.062 82.544-3.035Q82.572-3.008 82.572-2.976L82.572-1.992Q82.572-1.961 82.546-1.932Q82.521-1.902 82.486-1.902L82.380-1.902Q82.345-1.902 82.318-1.930Q82.290-1.957 82.290-1.992Q82.290-2.391 82.039-2.611Q81.787-2.832 81.388-2.832Q81.033-2.832 80.749-2.709Q80.466-2.586 80.466-2.281Q80.466-2.062 80.667-1.930Q80.869-1.797 81.115-1.754L81.740-1.641Q82.169-1.551 82.478-1.254Q82.787-0.957 82.787-0.543Q82.787 0.027 82.388 0.305Q81.990 0.582 81.396 0.582Q80.845 0.582 80.494 0.246L80.197 0.559Q80.173 0.582 80.138 0.582L80.091 0.582Q80.068 0.582 80.037 0.551Q80.005 0.520 80.005 0.496M85.173 0.504L83.396 0.504L83.396 0.207Q83.669 0.207 83.837 0.160Q84.005 0.113 84.005-0.055L84.005-2.191Q84.005-2.406 83.949-2.502Q83.892-2.598 83.779-2.619Q83.665-2.641 83.419-2.641L83.419-2.937L84.619-3.023L84.619-0.055Q84.619 0.113 84.765 0.160Q84.912 0.207 85.173 0.207L85.173 0.504M83.732-4.418Q83.732-4.609 83.867-4.740Q84.001-4.871 84.197-4.871Q84.318-4.871 84.421-4.809Q84.525-4.746 84.587-4.642Q84.650-4.539 84.650-4.418Q84.650-4.223 84.519-4.088Q84.388-3.953 84.197-3.953Q83.998-3.953 83.865-4.086Q83.732-4.219 83.732-4.418M86.298-0.457L86.298-2.648L85.595-2.648L85.595-2.902Q85.951-2.902 86.193-3.135Q86.435-3.367 86.546-3.715Q86.658-4.062 86.658-4.418L86.939-4.418L86.939-2.945L88.115-2.945L88.115-2.648L86.939-2.648L86.939-0.473Q86.939-0.152 87.058 0.076Q87.177 0.305 87.458 0.305Q87.638 0.305 87.755 0.182Q87.873 0.059 87.925-0.121Q87.978-0.301 87.978-0.473L87.978-0.945L88.259-0.945L88.259-0.457Q88.259-0.203 88.154 0.037Q88.048 0.277 87.851 0.430Q87.654 0.582 87.396 0.582Q87.080 0.582 86.828 0.459Q86.576 0.336 86.437 0.102Q86.298-0.133 86.298-0.457M90.837 0.504L89.060 0.504L89.060 0.207Q89.333 0.207 89.501 0.160Q89.669 0.113 89.669-0.055L89.669-2.191Q89.669-2.406 89.613-2.502Q89.556-2.598 89.443-2.619Q89.330-2.641 89.083-2.641L89.083-2.937L90.283-3.023L90.283-0.055Q90.283 0.113 90.429 0.160Q90.576 0.207 90.837 0.207L90.837 0.504M89.396-4.418Q89.396-4.609 89.531-4.740Q89.665-4.871 89.861-4.871Q89.982-4.871 90.085-4.809Q90.189-4.746 90.251-4.642Q90.314-4.539 90.314-4.418Q90.314-4.223 90.183-4.088Q90.052-3.953 89.861-3.953Q89.662-3.953 89.529-4.086Q89.396-4.219 89.396-4.418M93.138 0.473L91.915-2.383Q91.833-2.558 91.689-2.603Q91.544-2.648 91.275-2.648L91.275-2.945L92.986-2.945L92.986-2.648Q92.564-2.648 92.564-2.465Q92.564-2.430 92.580-2.383L93.525-0.191L94.365-2.168Q94.404-2.246 94.404-2.336Q94.404-2.476 94.298-2.562Q94.193-2.648 94.052-2.648L94.052-2.945L95.404-2.945L95.404-2.648Q94.880-2.648 94.665-2.168L93.540 0.473Q93.478 0.582 93.373 0.582L93.306 0.582Q93.193 0.582 93.138 0.473\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-2.157 -63.441)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M95.596-1.250Q95.596-1.730 95.829-2.146Q96.061-2.562 96.471-2.812Q96.881-3.062 97.358-3.062Q98.088-3.062 98.487-2.621Q98.885-2.180 98.885-1.449Q98.885-1.344 98.792-1.320L96.342-1.320L96.342-1.250Q96.342-0.840 96.463-0.484Q96.585-0.129 96.856 0.088Q97.128 0.305 97.557 0.305Q97.921 0.305 98.217 0.076Q98.514-0.152 98.616-0.504Q98.624-0.551 98.710-0.566L98.792-0.566Q98.885-0.539 98.885-0.457Q98.885-0.449 98.878-0.418Q98.815-0.191 98.676-0.008Q98.538 0.176 98.346 0.309Q98.155 0.442 97.936 0.512Q97.717 0.582 97.479 0.582Q97.108 0.582 96.770 0.445Q96.432 0.309 96.165 0.057Q95.897-0.195 95.747-0.535Q95.596-0.875 95.596-1.250M96.350-1.558L98.311-1.558Q98.311-1.863 98.210-2.154Q98.108-2.445 97.891-2.627Q97.674-2.808 97.358-2.808Q97.057-2.808 96.827-2.621Q96.596-2.433 96.473-2.142Q96.350-1.851 96.350-1.558M100.561 0.039Q100.561-0.152 100.694-0.285Q100.827-0.418 101.022-0.418Q101.213-0.418 101.346-0.285Q101.479-0.152 101.479 0.039Q101.479 0.238 101.346 0.371Q101.213 0.504 101.022 0.504Q100.827 0.504 100.694 0.371Q100.561 0.238 100.561 0.039M100.878-1.137L100.878-1.535Q100.878-1.933 101.006-2.334Q101.135-2.734 101.381-3.070Q101.460-3.176 101.626-3.351Q101.792-3.527 101.860-3.664Q101.928-3.801 101.928-4.039Q101.928-4.527 101.725-4.699Q101.522-4.871 101.022-4.871Q100.713-4.871 100.436-4.760Q100.159-4.648 100.006-4.426Q100.178-4.426 100.286-4.312Q100.393-4.199 100.393-4.031Q100.393-3.930 100.342-3.838Q100.292-3.746 100.202-3.693Q100.112-3.641 99.999-3.641Q99.889-3.641 99.799-3.693Q99.710-3.746 99.659-3.838Q99.608-3.930 99.608-4.031Q99.608-4.379 99.819-4.629Q100.030-4.879 100.354-5.004Q100.678-5.129 101.022-5.129Q101.682-5.129 102.176-4.879Q102.671-4.629 102.671-4.031Q102.671-3.781 102.547-3.566Q102.424-3.351 102.213-3.215Q101.901-3.012 101.669-2.756Q101.436-2.500 101.297-2.183Q101.159-1.867 101.159-1.519L101.159-1.137Q101.159-1.101 101.131-1.074Q101.104-1.047 101.073-1.047L100.967-1.047Q100.936-1.047 100.907-1.072Q100.878-1.098 100.878-1.137\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-65.403-25.103H2.883v-22.762h-68.286Z\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr8\" font-size=\"8\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-17.472 -34.989)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-29.205 0.582Q-29.686 0.582-30.094 0.338Q-30.502 0.094-30.740-0.320Q-30.979-0.734-30.979-1.223Q-30.979-1.715-30.721-2.131Q-30.463-2.547-30.031-2.785Q-29.600-3.023-29.108-3.023Q-28.487-3.023-28.037-2.586L-28.037-4.215Q-28.037-4.430-28.100-4.525Q-28.162-4.621-28.280-4.642Q-28.397-4.664-28.643-4.664L-28.643-4.961L-27.420-5.047L-27.420-0.238Q-27.420-0.027-27.358 0.068Q-27.295 0.164-27.178 0.186Q-27.061 0.207-26.811 0.207L-26.811 0.504L-28.061 0.582L-28.061 0.098Q-28.526 0.582-29.205 0.582M-29.139 0.328Q-28.799 0.328-28.506 0.137Q-28.213-0.055-28.061-0.351L-28.061-2.183Q-28.209-2.457-28.471-2.613Q-28.733-2.769-29.045-2.769Q-29.670-2.769-29.953-2.322Q-30.237-1.875-30.237-1.215Q-30.237-0.570-29.985-0.121Q-29.733 0.328-29.139 0.328M-26.303-1.250Q-26.303-1.730-26.071-2.146Q-25.838-2.562-25.428-2.812Q-25.018-3.062-24.541-3.062Q-23.811-3.062-23.412-2.621Q-23.014-2.180-23.014-1.449Q-23.014-1.344-23.108-1.320L-25.557-1.320L-25.557-1.250Q-25.557-0.840-25.436-0.484Q-25.315-0.129-25.043 0.088Q-24.772 0.305-24.342 0.305Q-23.979 0.305-23.682 0.076Q-23.385-0.152-23.283-0.504Q-23.276-0.551-23.190-0.566L-23.108-0.566Q-23.014-0.539-23.014-0.457Q-23.014-0.449-23.022-0.418Q-23.084-0.191-23.223-0.008Q-23.362 0.176-23.553 0.309Q-23.744 0.442-23.963 0.512Q-24.182 0.582-24.420 0.582Q-24.791 0.582-25.129 0.445Q-25.467 0.309-25.735 0.057Q-26.002-0.195-26.153-0.535Q-26.303-0.875-26.303-1.250M-25.549-1.558L-23.588-1.558Q-23.588-1.863-23.690-2.154Q-23.791-2.445-24.008-2.627Q-24.225-2.808-24.541-2.808Q-24.842-2.808-25.073-2.621Q-25.303-2.433-25.426-2.142Q-25.549-1.851-25.549-1.558M-20.612 0.504L-22.444 0.504L-22.444 0.207Q-22.170 0.207-22.002 0.160Q-21.834 0.113-21.834-0.055L-21.834-4.215Q-21.834-4.430-21.897-4.525Q-21.959-4.621-22.078-4.642Q-22.198-4.664-22.444-4.664L-22.444-4.961L-21.221-5.047L-21.221-0.055Q-21.221 0.113-21.053 0.160Q-20.885 0.207-20.612 0.207L-20.612 0.504M-18.307 0.504L-20.084 0.504L-20.084 0.207Q-19.811 0.207-19.643 0.160Q-19.475 0.113-19.475-0.055L-19.475-2.191Q-19.475-2.406-19.531-2.502Q-19.588-2.598-19.701-2.619Q-19.815-2.641-20.061-2.641L-20.061-2.937L-18.862-3.023L-18.862-0.055Q-18.862 0.113-18.715 0.160Q-18.569 0.207-18.307 0.207L-18.307 0.504M-19.748-4.418Q-19.748-4.609-19.614-4.740Q-19.479-4.871-19.283-4.871Q-19.162-4.871-19.059-4.809Q-18.955-4.746-18.893-4.642Q-18.830-4.539-18.830-4.418Q-18.830-4.223-18.961-4.088Q-19.092-3.953-19.283-3.953Q-19.483-3.953-19.615-4.086Q-19.748-4.219-19.748-4.418M-17.807 1.113Q-17.807 0.832-17.596 0.621Q-17.385 0.410-17.100 0.320Q-17.256 0.195-17.334 0.006Q-17.412-0.183-17.412-0.383Q-17.412-0.738-17.182-1.031Q-17.549-1.371-17.549-1.840Q-17.549-2.191-17.346-2.461Q-17.143-2.730-16.823-2.877Q-16.502-3.023-16.158-3.023Q-15.639-3.023-15.268-2.742Q-14.905-3.113-14.358-3.113Q-14.178-3.113-14.051-2.986Q-13.924-2.859-13.924-2.680Q-13.924-2.574-14.002-2.496Q-14.080-2.418-14.190-2.418Q-14.299-2.418-14.375-2.494Q-14.451-2.570-14.451-2.680Q-14.451-2.781-14.412-2.832Q-14.405-2.840-14.401-2.846Q-14.397-2.851-14.397-2.855Q-14.772-2.855-15.092-2.601Q-14.772-2.262-14.772-1.840Q-14.772-1.570-14.889-1.353Q-15.006-1.137-15.211-0.978Q-15.416-0.820-15.658-0.738Q-15.901-0.656-16.158-0.656Q-16.377-0.656-16.590-0.715Q-16.803-0.773-16.998-0.894Q-17.092-0.754-17.092-0.574Q-17.092-0.367-16.955-0.215Q-16.819-0.062-16.612-0.062L-15.916-0.062Q-15.428-0.062-15.016 0.022Q-14.604 0.106-14.324 0.363Q-14.045 0.621-14.045 1.113Q-14.045 1.477-14.365 1.709Q-14.686 1.942-15.127 2.043Q-15.569 2.145-15.924 2.145Q-16.280 2.145-16.723 2.043Q-17.166 1.942-17.487 1.709Q-17.807 1.477-17.807 1.113M-17.303 1.113Q-17.303 1.309-17.158 1.457Q-17.014 1.606-16.801 1.695Q-16.588 1.785-16.348 1.832Q-16.108 1.879-15.924 1.879Q-15.682 1.879-15.352 1.801Q-15.022 1.723-14.785 1.549Q-14.549 1.375-14.549 1.113Q-14.549 0.707-14.959 0.598Q-15.369 0.488-15.932 0.488L-16.612 0.488Q-16.881 0.488-17.092 0.666Q-17.303 0.844-17.303 1.113M-16.158-0.922Q-15.436-0.922-15.436-1.840Q-15.436-2.762-16.158-2.762Q-16.885-2.762-16.885-1.840Q-16.885-0.922-16.158-0.922M-11.631 0.504L-13.487 0.504L-13.487 0.207Q-13.213 0.207-13.045 0.160Q-12.877 0.113-12.877-0.055L-12.877-4.215Q-12.877-4.430-12.940-4.525Q-13.002-4.621-13.121-4.642Q-13.240-4.664-13.487-4.664L-13.487-4.961L-12.264-5.047L-12.264-2.344Q-12.139-2.555-11.951-2.705Q-11.764-2.855-11.537-2.939Q-11.311-3.023-11.065-3.023Q-9.897-3.023-9.897-1.945L-9.897-0.055Q-9.897 0.113-9.727 0.160Q-9.557 0.207-9.287 0.207L-9.287 0.504L-11.143 0.504L-11.143 0.207Q-10.869 0.207-10.701 0.160Q-10.533 0.113-10.533-0.055L-10.533-1.930Q-10.533-2.312-10.655-2.541Q-10.776-2.769-11.127-2.769Q-11.440-2.769-11.694-2.607Q-11.948-2.445-12.094-2.176Q-12.240-1.906-12.240-1.609L-12.240-0.055Q-12.240 0.113-12.071 0.160Q-11.901 0.207-11.631 0.207\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-17.472 -34.989)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-8.438-0.457L-8.438-2.648L-9.141-2.648L-9.141-2.902Q-8.785-2.902-8.543-3.135Q-8.301-3.367-8.190-3.715Q-8.078-4.062-8.078-4.418L-7.797-4.418L-7.797-2.945L-6.621-2.945L-6.621-2.648L-7.797-2.648L-7.797-0.473Q-7.797-0.152-7.678 0.076Q-7.559 0.305-7.278 0.305Q-7.098 0.305-6.981 0.182Q-6.864 0.059-6.811-0.121Q-6.758-0.301-6.758-0.473L-6.758-0.945L-6.477-0.945L-6.477-0.457Q-6.477-0.203-6.582 0.037Q-6.688 0.277-6.885 0.430Q-7.082 0.582-7.340 0.582Q-7.656 0.582-7.908 0.459Q-8.160 0.336-8.299 0.102Q-8.438-0.133-8.438-0.457M-3.692 0.504L-5.676 0.504L-5.676 0.207Q-5.403 0.207-5.235 0.160Q-5.067 0.113-5.067-0.055L-5.067-2.648L-5.707-2.648L-5.707-2.945L-5.067-2.945L-5.067-3.879Q-5.067-4.144-4.949-4.381Q-4.832-4.617-4.639-4.781Q-4.446-4.945-4.197-5.037Q-3.949-5.129-3.684-5.129Q-3.399-5.129-3.174-4.971Q-2.949-4.812-2.949-4.535Q-2.949-4.379-3.055-4.269Q-3.160-4.160-3.324-4.160Q-3.481-4.160-3.590-4.269Q-3.699-4.379-3.699-4.535Q-3.699-4.742-3.539-4.848Q-3.637-4.871-3.731-4.871Q-3.961-4.871-4.133-4.715Q-4.305-4.559-4.391-4.322Q-4.477-4.086-4.477-3.863L-4.477-2.945L-3.508-2.945L-3.508-2.648L-4.453-2.648L-4.453-0.055Q-4.453 0.113-4.227 0.160Q-4 0.207-3.692 0.207L-3.692 0.504M-2.481-0.449L-2.481-2.191Q-2.481-2.406-2.543-2.502Q-2.606-2.598-2.725-2.619Q-2.844-2.641-3.090-2.641L-3.090-2.937L-1.844-3.023L-1.844-0.473L-1.844-0.449Q-1.844-0.137-1.789 0.025Q-1.735 0.188-1.584 0.258Q-1.434 0.328-1.114 0.328Q-0.684 0.328-0.410-0.010Q-0.137-0.348-0.137-0.793L-0.137-2.191Q-0.137-2.406-0.199-2.502Q-0.262-2.598-0.381-2.619Q-0.500-2.641-0.746-2.641L-0.746-2.937L0.500-3.023L0.500-0.238Q0.500-0.027 0.562 0.068Q0.625 0.164 0.744 0.186Q0.863 0.207 1.109 0.207L1.109 0.504L-0.114 0.582L-0.114-0.039Q-0.281 0.250-0.563 0.416Q-0.844 0.582-1.164 0.582Q-2.481 0.582-2.481-0.449M3.469 0.504L1.636 0.504L1.636 0.207Q1.910 0.207 2.078 0.160Q2.246 0.113 2.246-0.055L2.246-4.215Q2.246-4.430 2.183-4.525Q2.121-4.621 2.002-4.642Q1.883-4.664 1.636-4.664L1.636-4.961L2.859-5.047L2.859-0.055Q2.859 0.113 3.027 0.160Q3.195 0.207 3.469 0.207\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-65.403.505H2.883v-22.763h-68.286Z\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-15.709 -9.38)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-31.022-1.191Q-31.022-1.695-30.766-2.127Q-30.510-2.558-30.074-2.810Q-29.639-3.062-29.139-3.062Q-28.752-3.062-28.410-2.918Q-28.069-2.773-27.807-2.512Q-27.545-2.250-27.403-1.914Q-27.260-1.578-27.260-1.191Q-27.260-0.699-27.524-0.289Q-27.787 0.121-28.217 0.352Q-28.647 0.582-29.139 0.582Q-29.631 0.582-30.065 0.350Q-30.498 0.117-30.760-0.291Q-31.022-0.699-31.022-1.191M-29.139 0.305Q-28.682 0.305-28.430 0.082Q-28.178-0.141-28.090-0.492Q-28.002-0.844-28.002-1.289Q-28.002-1.719-28.096-2.057Q-28.190-2.394-28.444-2.601Q-28.698-2.808-29.139-2.808Q-29.787-2.808-30.031-2.392Q-30.276-1.976-30.276-1.289Q-30.276-0.844-30.188-0.492Q-30.100-0.141-29.848 0.082Q-29.596 0.305-29.139 0.305M-24.768 0.504L-26.748 0.504L-26.748 0.207Q-26.479 0.207-26.311 0.162Q-26.143 0.117-26.143-0.055L-26.143-2.191Q-26.143-2.406-26.205-2.502Q-26.268-2.598-26.385-2.619Q-26.502-2.641-26.748-2.641L-26.748-2.937L-25.580-3.023L-25.580-2.238Q-25.502-2.449-25.350-2.635Q-25.198-2.820-24.998-2.922Q-24.799-3.023-24.573-3.023Q-24.326-3.023-24.135-2.879Q-23.944-2.734-23.944-2.504Q-23.944-2.348-24.049-2.238Q-24.155-2.129-24.311-2.129Q-24.467-2.129-24.576-2.238Q-24.686-2.348-24.686-2.504Q-24.686-2.664-24.580-2.769Q-24.905-2.769-25.119-2.541Q-25.334-2.312-25.430-1.973Q-25.526-1.633-25.526-1.328L-25.526-0.055Q-25.526 0.113-25.299 0.160Q-25.073 0.207-24.768 0.207L-24.768 0.504M-21.647 0.582Q-22.127 0.582-22.535 0.338Q-22.944 0.094-23.182-0.320Q-23.420-0.734-23.420-1.223Q-23.420-1.715-23.162-2.131Q-22.905-2.547-22.473-2.785Q-22.041-3.023-21.549-3.023Q-20.928-3.023-20.479-2.586L-20.479-4.215Q-20.479-4.430-20.541-4.525Q-20.604-4.621-20.721-4.642Q-20.838-4.664-21.084-4.664L-21.084-4.961L-19.862-5.047L-19.862-0.238Q-19.862-0.027-19.799 0.068Q-19.737 0.164-19.619 0.186Q-19.502 0.207-19.252 0.207L-19.252 0.504L-20.502 0.582L-20.502 0.098Q-20.967 0.582-21.647 0.582M-21.580 0.328Q-21.240 0.328-20.948 0.137Q-20.655-0.055-20.502-0.351L-20.502-2.183Q-20.651-2.457-20.912-2.613Q-21.174-2.769-21.487-2.769Q-22.112-2.769-22.395-2.322Q-22.678-1.875-22.678-1.215Q-22.678-0.570-22.426-0.121Q-22.174 0.328-21.580 0.328M-16.885 0.504L-18.662 0.504L-18.662 0.207Q-18.389 0.207-18.221 0.160Q-18.053 0.113-18.053-0.055L-18.053-2.191Q-18.053-2.406-18.110-2.502Q-18.166-2.598-18.280-2.619Q-18.393-2.641-18.639-2.641L-18.639-2.937L-17.440-3.023L-17.440-0.055Q-17.440 0.113-17.293 0.160Q-17.147 0.207-16.885 0.207L-16.885 0.504M-18.326-4.418Q-18.326-4.609-18.192-4.740Q-18.057-4.871-17.862-4.871Q-17.740-4.871-17.637-4.809Q-17.533-4.746-17.471-4.642Q-17.408-4.539-17.408-4.418Q-17.408-4.223-17.539-4.088Q-17.670-3.953-17.862-3.953Q-18.061-3.953-18.194-4.086Q-18.326-4.219-18.326-4.418M-14.455 0.504L-16.311 0.504L-16.311 0.207Q-16.037 0.207-15.869 0.160Q-15.701 0.113-15.701-0.055L-15.701-2.191Q-15.701-2.406-15.764-2.502Q-15.826-2.598-15.946-2.619Q-16.065-2.641-16.311-2.641L-16.311-2.937L-15.119-3.023L-15.119-2.289Q-15.006-2.504-14.813-2.672Q-14.619-2.840-14.381-2.932Q-14.143-3.023-13.889-3.023Q-12.721-3.023-12.721-1.945L-12.721-0.055Q-12.721 0.113-12.551 0.160Q-12.381 0.207-12.112 0.207L-12.112 0.504L-13.967 0.504L-13.967 0.207Q-13.694 0.207-13.526 0.160Q-13.358 0.113-13.358-0.055L-13.358-1.930Q-13.358-2.312-13.479-2.541Q-13.600-2.769-13.951-2.769Q-14.264-2.769-14.518-2.607Q-14.772-2.445-14.918-2.176Q-15.065-1.906-15.065-1.609L-15.065-0.055Q-15.065 0.113-14.895 0.160Q-14.725 0.207-14.455 0.207L-14.455 0.504M-11.569-0.328Q-11.569-0.812-11.166-1.107Q-10.764-1.402-10.213-1.521Q-9.662-1.641-9.170-1.641L-9.170-1.930Q-9.170-2.156-9.285-2.363Q-9.401-2.570-9.598-2.689Q-9.795-2.808-10.026-2.808Q-10.451-2.808-10.737-2.703Q-10.666-2.676-10.619-2.621Q-10.573-2.566-10.547-2.496Q-10.522-2.426-10.522-2.351Q-10.522-2.246-10.573-2.154Q-10.623-2.062-10.715-2.012Q-10.807-1.961-10.912-1.961Q-11.018-1.961-11.110-2.012Q-11.201-2.062-11.252-2.154Q-11.303-2.246-11.303-2.351Q-11.303-2.769-10.914-2.916Q-10.526-3.062-10.026-3.062Q-9.694-3.062-9.340-2.932Q-8.987-2.801-8.758-2.547Q-8.530-2.293-8.530-1.945L-8.530-0.144Q-8.530-0.012-8.457 0.098Q-8.385 0.207-8.256 0.207Q-8.131 0.207-8.063 0.102Q-7.994-0.004-7.994-0.144L-7.994-0.656L-7.713-0.656L-7.713-0.144Q-7.713 0.059-7.830 0.217Q-7.948 0.375-8.129 0.459Q-8.311 0.543-8.514 0.543Q-8.744 0.543-8.897 0.371Q-9.049 0.199-9.080-0.031Q-9.240 0.250-9.549 0.416Q-9.858 0.582-10.209 0.582Q-10.721 0.582-11.145 0.359Q-11.569 0.137-11.569-0.328M-10.881-0.328Q-10.881-0.043-10.655 0.143Q-10.428 0.328-10.135 0.328Q-9.889 0.328-9.664 0.211Q-9.440 0.094-9.305-0.109Q-9.170-0.312-9.170-0.566L-9.170-1.398Q-9.436-1.398-9.721-1.344Q-10.006-1.289-10.278-1.160Q-10.549-1.031-10.715-0.824Q-10.881-0.617-10.881-0.328M-5.412 0.504L-7.393 0.504L-7.393 0.207Q-7.123 0.207-6.955 0.162Q-6.787 0.117-6.787-0.055L-6.787-2.191Q-6.787-2.406-6.850-2.502Q-6.912-2.598-7.030-2.619Q-7.147-2.641-7.393-2.641L-7.393-2.937L-6.225-3.023L-6.225-2.238Q-6.147-2.449-5.994-2.635Q-5.842-2.820-5.643-2.922Q-5.444-3.023-5.217-3.023Q-4.971-3.023-4.780-2.879Q-4.588-2.734-4.588-2.504Q-4.588-2.348-4.694-2.238Q-4.799-2.129-4.955-2.129Q-5.112-2.129-5.221-2.238Q-5.330-2.348-5.330-2.504Q-5.330-2.664-5.225-2.769Q-5.549-2.769-5.764-2.541Q-5.979-2.312-6.074-1.973Q-6.170-1.633-6.170-1.328L-6.170-0.055Q-6.170 0.113-5.944 0.160Q-5.717 0.207-5.412 0.207L-5.412 0.504M-3.690 1.801Q-3.576 1.879-3.401 1.879Q-3.112 1.879-2.891 1.666Q-2.670 1.453-2.545 1.152L-2.256 0.504L-3.530-2.383Q-3.612-2.558-3.756-2.603Q-3.901-2.648-4.170-2.648L-4.170-2.945L-2.451-2.945L-2.451-2.648Q-2.873-2.648-2.873-2.465Q-2.873-2.453-2.858-2.383L-1.920-0.258L-1.088-2.168Q-1.049-2.258-1.049-2.336Q-1.049-2.476-1.151-2.562Q-1.252-2.648-1.393-2.648L-1.393-2.945L-0.041-2.945L-0.041-2.648Q-0.295-2.648-0.489-2.523Q-0.682-2.398-0.787-2.168L-2.233 1.152Q-2.346 1.406-2.512 1.629Q-2.678 1.852-2.906 1.994Q-3.135 2.137-3.401 2.137Q-3.698 2.137-3.938 1.945Q-4.178 1.754-4.178 1.465Q-4.178 1.309-4.073 1.207Q-3.967 1.106-3.819 1.106Q-3.713 1.106-3.633 1.152Q-3.553 1.199-3.506 1.277Q-3.459 1.356-3.459 1.465Q-3.459 1.586-3.520 1.674Q-3.580 1.762-3.690 1.801\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-65.403 26.112H2.883V3.35h-68.286Z\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-16.06 17.004)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-30.397-0.457L-30.397-2.648L-31.100-2.648L-31.100-2.902Q-30.744-2.902-30.502-3.135Q-30.260-3.367-30.149-3.715Q-30.037-4.062-30.037-4.418L-29.756-4.418L-29.756-2.945L-28.580-2.945L-28.580-2.648L-29.756-2.648L-29.756-0.473Q-29.756-0.152-29.637 0.076Q-29.518 0.305-29.237 0.305Q-29.057 0.305-28.940 0.182Q-28.823 0.059-28.770-0.121Q-28.717-0.301-28.717-0.473L-28.717-0.945L-28.436-0.945L-28.436-0.457Q-28.436-0.203-28.541 0.037Q-28.647 0.277-28.844 0.430Q-29.041 0.582-29.299 0.582Q-29.615 0.582-29.867 0.459Q-30.119 0.336-30.258 0.102Q-30.397-0.133-30.397-0.457M-27.717-1.191Q-27.717-1.695-27.461-2.127Q-27.205-2.558-26.770-2.810Q-26.334-3.062-25.834-3.062Q-25.448-3.062-25.106-2.918Q-24.764-2.773-24.502-2.512Q-24.240-2.250-24.098-1.914Q-23.955-1.578-23.955-1.191Q-23.955-0.699-24.219-0.289Q-24.483 0.121-24.912 0.352Q-25.342 0.582-25.834 0.582Q-26.326 0.582-26.760 0.350Q-27.194 0.117-27.455-0.291Q-27.717-0.699-27.717-1.191M-25.834 0.305Q-25.377 0.305-25.125 0.082Q-24.873-0.141-24.785-0.492Q-24.698-0.844-24.698-1.289Q-24.698-1.719-24.791-2.057Q-24.885-2.394-25.139-2.601Q-25.393-2.808-25.834-2.808Q-26.483-2.808-26.727-2.392Q-26.971-1.976-26.971-1.289Q-26.971-0.844-26.883-0.492Q-26.795-0.141-26.543 0.082Q-26.291 0.305-25.834 0.305M-21.557 0.504L-23.389 0.504L-23.389 0.207Q-23.115 0.207-22.948 0.160Q-22.780 0.113-22.780-0.055L-22.780-4.215Q-22.780-4.430-22.842-4.525Q-22.905-4.621-23.024-4.642Q-23.143-4.664-23.389-4.664L-23.389-4.961L-22.166-5.047L-22.166-0.055Q-22.166 0.113-21.998 0.160Q-21.830 0.207-21.557 0.207L-21.557 0.504M-21.112-1.250Q-21.112-1.730-20.879-2.146Q-20.647-2.562-20.237-2.812Q-19.826-3.062-19.350-3.062Q-18.619-3.062-18.221-2.621Q-17.823-2.180-17.823-1.449Q-17.823-1.344-17.916-1.320L-20.365-1.320L-20.365-1.250Q-20.365-0.840-20.244-0.484Q-20.123-0.129-19.852 0.088Q-19.580 0.305-19.151 0.305Q-18.787 0.305-18.490 0.076Q-18.194-0.152-18.092-0.504Q-18.084-0.551-17.998-0.566L-17.916-0.566Q-17.823-0.539-17.823-0.457Q-17.823-0.449-17.830-0.418Q-17.893-0.191-18.031-0.008Q-18.170 0.176-18.362 0.309Q-18.553 0.442-18.772 0.512Q-18.990 0.582-19.229 0.582Q-19.600 0.582-19.938 0.445Q-20.276 0.309-20.543 0.057Q-20.811-0.195-20.961-0.535Q-21.112-0.875-21.112-1.250M-20.358-1.558L-18.397-1.558Q-18.397-1.863-18.498-2.154Q-18.600-2.445-18.817-2.627Q-19.033-2.808-19.350-2.808Q-19.651-2.808-19.881-2.621Q-20.112-2.433-20.235-2.142Q-20.358-1.851-20.358-1.558M-15.326 0.504L-17.307 0.504L-17.307 0.207Q-17.037 0.207-16.869 0.162Q-16.701 0.117-16.701-0.055L-16.701-2.191Q-16.701-2.406-16.764-2.502Q-16.826-2.598-16.944-2.619Q-17.061-2.641-17.307-2.641L-17.307-2.937L-16.139-3.023L-16.139-2.238Q-16.061-2.449-15.908-2.635Q-15.756-2.820-15.557-2.922Q-15.358-3.023-15.131-3.023Q-14.885-3.023-14.694-2.879Q-14.502-2.734-14.502-2.504Q-14.502-2.348-14.608-2.238Q-14.713-2.129-14.869-2.129Q-15.026-2.129-15.135-2.238Q-15.244-2.348-15.244-2.504Q-15.244-2.664-15.139-2.769Q-15.463-2.769-15.678-2.541Q-15.893-2.312-15.989-1.973Q-16.084-1.633-16.084-1.328L-16.084-0.055Q-16.084 0.113-15.858 0.160Q-15.631 0.207-15.326 0.207L-15.326 0.504M-13.924-0.328Q-13.924-0.812-13.522-1.107Q-13.119-1.402-12.569-1.521Q-12.018-1.641-11.526-1.641L-11.526-1.930Q-11.526-2.156-11.641-2.363Q-11.756-2.570-11.953-2.689Q-12.151-2.808-12.381-2.808Q-12.807-2.808-13.092-2.703Q-13.022-2.676-12.975-2.621Q-12.928-2.566-12.903-2.496Q-12.877-2.426-12.877-2.351Q-12.877-2.246-12.928-2.154Q-12.979-2.062-13.071-2.012Q-13.162-1.961-13.268-1.961Q-13.373-1.961-13.465-2.012Q-13.557-2.062-13.608-2.154Q-13.658-2.246-13.658-2.351Q-13.658-2.769-13.270-2.916Q-12.881-3.062-12.381-3.062Q-12.049-3.062-11.696-2.932Q-11.342-2.801-11.114-2.547Q-10.885-2.293-10.885-1.945L-10.885-0.144Q-10.885-0.012-10.813 0.098Q-10.740 0.207-10.612 0.207Q-10.487 0.207-10.418 0.102Q-10.350-0.004-10.350-0.144L-10.350-0.656L-10.069-0.656L-10.069-0.144Q-10.069 0.059-10.186 0.217Q-10.303 0.375-10.485 0.459Q-10.666 0.543-10.869 0.543Q-11.100 0.543-11.252 0.371Q-11.405 0.199-11.436-0.031Q-11.596 0.250-11.905 0.416Q-12.213 0.582-12.565 0.582Q-13.076 0.582-13.500 0.359Q-13.924 0.137-13.924-0.328M-13.237-0.328Q-13.237-0.043-13.010 0.143Q-12.783 0.328-12.490 0.328Q-12.244 0.328-12.020 0.211Q-11.795 0.094-11.660-0.109Q-11.526-0.312-11.526-0.566L-11.526-1.398Q-11.791-1.398-12.076-1.344Q-12.362-1.289-12.633-1.160Q-12.905-1.031-13.071-0.824Q-13.237-0.617-13.237-0.328M-8.862 0.504L-9.143 0.504L-9.143-4.215Q-9.143-4.430-9.205-4.525Q-9.268-4.621-9.385-4.642Q-9.502-4.664-9.748-4.664L-9.748-4.961L-8.526-5.047L-8.526-2.558Q-8.049-3.023-7.350-3.023Q-6.869-3.023-6.461-2.779Q-6.053-2.535-5.817-2.121Q-5.580-1.707-5.580-1.223Q-5.580-0.848-5.729-0.519Q-5.877-0.191-6.147 0.061Q-6.416 0.313-6.760 0.447Q-7.104 0.582-7.463 0.582Q-7.783 0.582-8.082 0.434Q-8.381 0.285-8.588 0.024L-8.862 0.504M-8.502-2.168L-8.502-0.328Q-8.350-0.031-8.090 0.149Q-7.830 0.328-7.518 0.328Q-7.092 0.328-6.824 0.109Q-6.557-0.109-6.442-0.455Q-6.326-0.801-6.326-1.223Q-6.326-1.871-6.574-2.320Q-6.823-2.769-7.420-2.769Q-7.756-2.769-8.045-2.611Q-8.334-2.453-8.502-2.168M-3.143 0.504L-4.975 0.504L-4.975 0.207Q-4.701 0.207-4.533 0.160Q-4.365 0.113-4.365-0.055L-4.365-4.215Q-4.365-4.430-4.428-4.525Q-4.490-4.621-4.610-4.642Q-4.729-4.664-4.975-4.664L-4.975-4.961L-3.752-5.047L-3.752-0.055Q-3.752 0.113-3.584 0.160Q-3.416 0.207-3.143 0.207L-3.143 0.504M-2.698-1.250Q-2.698-1.730-2.465-2.146Q-2.233-2.562-1.823-2.812Q-1.412-3.062-0.936-3.062Q-0.205-3.062 0.193-2.621Q0.592-2.180 0.592-1.449Q0.592-1.344 0.498-1.320L-1.951-1.320L-1.951-1.250Q-1.951-0.840-1.830-0.484Q-1.709-0.129-1.438 0.088Q-1.166 0.305-0.737 0.305Q-0.373 0.305-0.076 0.076Q0.220-0.152 0.322-0.504Q0.330-0.551 0.416-0.566L0.498-0.566Q0.592-0.539 0.592-0.457Q0.592-0.449 0.584-0.418Q0.521-0.191 0.383-0.008Q0.244 0.176 0.052 0.309Q-0.139 0.442-0.358 0.512Q-0.576 0.582-0.815 0.582Q-1.186 0.582-1.524 0.445Q-1.862 0.309-2.129 0.057Q-2.397-0.195-2.547-0.535Q-2.698-0.875-2.698-1.250M-1.944-1.558L0.017-1.558Q0.017-1.863-0.084-2.154Q-0.186-2.445-0.403-2.627Q-0.619-2.808-0.936-2.808Q-1.237-2.808-1.467-2.621Q-1.698-2.433-1.821-2.142Q-1.944-1.851-1.944-1.558\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-65.403 51.72H2.883V28.956h-68.286Z\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-15.233 42.611)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-29.205 0.582Q-29.686 0.582-30.094 0.338Q-30.502 0.094-30.740-0.320Q-30.979-0.734-30.979-1.223Q-30.979-1.715-30.721-2.131Q-30.463-2.547-30.031-2.785Q-29.600-3.023-29.108-3.023Q-28.487-3.023-28.037-2.586L-28.037-4.215Q-28.037-4.430-28.100-4.525Q-28.162-4.621-28.280-4.642Q-28.397-4.664-28.643-4.664L-28.643-4.961L-27.420-5.047L-27.420-0.238Q-27.420-0.027-27.358 0.068Q-27.295 0.164-27.178 0.186Q-27.061 0.207-26.811 0.207L-26.811 0.504L-28.061 0.582L-28.061 0.098Q-28.526 0.582-29.205 0.582M-29.139 0.328Q-28.799 0.328-28.506 0.137Q-28.213-0.055-28.061-0.351L-28.061-2.183Q-28.209-2.457-28.471-2.613Q-28.733-2.769-29.045-2.769Q-29.670-2.769-29.953-2.322Q-30.237-1.875-30.237-1.215Q-30.237-0.570-29.985-0.121Q-29.733 0.328-29.139 0.328M-24.295 0.504L-26.276 0.504L-26.276 0.207Q-26.006 0.207-25.838 0.162Q-25.670 0.117-25.670-0.055L-25.670-2.191Q-25.670-2.406-25.733-2.502Q-25.795-2.598-25.912-2.619Q-26.030-2.641-26.276-2.641L-26.276-2.937L-25.108-3.023L-25.108-2.238Q-25.030-2.449-24.877-2.635Q-24.725-2.820-24.526-2.922Q-24.326-3.023-24.100-3.023Q-23.854-3.023-23.662-2.879Q-23.471-2.734-23.471-2.504Q-23.471-2.348-23.576-2.238Q-23.682-2.129-23.838-2.129Q-23.994-2.129-24.104-2.238Q-24.213-2.348-24.213-2.504Q-24.213-2.664-24.108-2.769Q-24.432-2.769-24.647-2.541Q-24.862-2.312-24.957-1.973Q-25.053-1.633-25.053-1.328L-25.053-0.055Q-25.053 0.113-24.826 0.160Q-24.600 0.207-24.295 0.207L-24.295 0.504M-22.990-1.250Q-22.990-1.730-22.758-2.146Q-22.526-2.562-22.115-2.812Q-21.705-3.062-21.229-3.062Q-20.498-3.062-20.100-2.621Q-19.701-2.180-19.701-1.449Q-19.701-1.344-19.795-1.320L-22.244-1.320L-22.244-1.250Q-22.244-0.840-22.123-0.484Q-22.002-0.129-21.731 0.088Q-21.459 0.305-21.030 0.305Q-20.666 0.305-20.369 0.076Q-20.073-0.152-19.971-0.504Q-19.963-0.551-19.877-0.566L-19.795-0.566Q-19.701-0.539-19.701-0.457Q-19.701-0.449-19.709-0.418Q-19.772-0.191-19.910-0.008Q-20.049 0.176-20.240 0.309Q-20.432 0.442-20.651 0.512Q-20.869 0.582-21.108 0.582Q-21.479 0.582-21.817 0.445Q-22.155 0.309-22.422 0.057Q-22.690-0.195-22.840-0.535Q-22.990-0.875-22.990-1.250M-22.237-1.558L-20.276-1.558Q-20.276-1.863-20.377-2.154Q-20.479-2.445-20.696-2.627Q-20.912-2.808-21.229-2.808Q-21.530-2.808-21.760-2.621Q-21.990-2.433-22.114-2.142Q-22.237-1.851-22.237-1.558M-19.115-0.328Q-19.115-0.812-18.713-1.107Q-18.311-1.402-17.760-1.521Q-17.209-1.641-16.717-1.641L-16.717-1.930Q-16.717-2.156-16.832-2.363Q-16.948-2.570-17.145-2.689Q-17.342-2.808-17.573-2.808Q-17.998-2.808-18.283-2.703Q-18.213-2.676-18.166-2.621Q-18.119-2.566-18.094-2.496Q-18.069-2.426-18.069-2.351Q-18.069-2.246-18.119-2.154Q-18.170-2.062-18.262-2.012Q-18.354-1.961-18.459-1.961Q-18.565-1.961-18.656-2.012Q-18.748-2.062-18.799-2.154Q-18.850-2.246-18.850-2.351Q-18.850-2.769-18.461-2.916Q-18.073-3.062-17.573-3.062Q-17.240-3.062-16.887-2.932Q-16.533-2.801-16.305-2.547Q-16.076-2.293-16.076-1.945L-16.076-0.144Q-16.076-0.012-16.004 0.098Q-15.932 0.207-15.803 0.207Q-15.678 0.207-15.610 0.102Q-15.541-0.004-15.541-0.144L-15.541-0.656L-15.260-0.656L-15.260-0.144Q-15.260 0.059-15.377 0.217Q-15.494 0.375-15.676 0.459Q-15.858 0.543-16.061 0.543Q-16.291 0.543-16.444 0.371Q-16.596 0.199-16.627-0.031Q-16.787 0.250-17.096 0.416Q-17.405 0.582-17.756 0.582Q-18.268 0.582-18.692 0.359Q-19.115 0.137-19.115-0.328M-18.428-0.328Q-18.428-0.043-18.201 0.143Q-17.975 0.328-17.682 0.328Q-17.436 0.328-17.211 0.211Q-16.987 0.094-16.852-0.109Q-16.717-0.312-16.717-0.566L-16.717-1.398Q-16.983-1.398-17.268-1.344Q-17.553-1.289-17.824-1.160Q-18.096-1.031-18.262-0.824Q-18.428-0.617-18.428-0.328M-13.151 0.582Q-13.631 0.582-14.039 0.338Q-14.448 0.094-14.686-0.320Q-14.924-0.734-14.924-1.223Q-14.924-1.715-14.666-2.131Q-14.408-2.547-13.977-2.785Q-13.545-3.023-13.053-3.023Q-12.432-3.023-11.983-2.586L-11.983-4.215Q-11.983-4.430-12.045-4.525Q-12.108-4.621-12.225-4.642Q-12.342-4.664-12.588-4.664L-12.588-4.961L-11.365-5.047L-11.365-0.238Q-11.365-0.027-11.303 0.068Q-11.240 0.164-11.123 0.186Q-11.006 0.207-10.756 0.207L-10.756 0.504L-12.006 0.582L-12.006 0.098Q-12.471 0.582-13.151 0.582M-13.084 0.328Q-12.744 0.328-12.451 0.137Q-12.158-0.055-12.006-0.351L-12.006-2.183Q-12.155-2.457-12.416-2.613Q-12.678-2.769-12.990-2.769Q-13.615-2.769-13.899-2.322Q-14.182-1.875-14.182-1.215Q-14.182-0.570-13.930-0.121Q-13.678 0.328-13.084 0.328M-8.182 0.504L-10.166 0.504L-10.166 0.207Q-9.893 0.207-9.725 0.160Q-9.557 0.113-9.557-0.055L-9.557-2.648L-10.198-2.648L-10.198-2.945L-9.557-2.945L-9.557-3.879Q-9.557-4.144-9.440-4.381Q-9.323-4.617-9.129-4.781Q-8.936-4.945-8.688-5.037Q-8.440-5.129-8.174-5.129Q-7.889-5.129-7.664-4.971Q-7.440-4.812-7.440-4.535Q-7.440-4.379-7.545-4.269Q-7.651-4.160-7.815-4.160Q-7.971-4.160-8.080-4.269Q-8.190-4.379-8.190-4.535Q-8.190-4.742-8.030-4.848Q-8.127-4.871-8.221-4.871Q-8.451-4.871-8.623-4.715Q-8.795-4.559-8.881-4.322Q-8.967-4.086-8.967-3.863L-8.967-2.945L-7.998-2.945L-7.998-2.648L-8.944-2.648L-8.944-0.055Q-8.944 0.113-8.717 0.160Q-8.490 0.207-8.182 0.207L-8.182 0.504M-6.971-0.449L-6.971-2.191Q-6.971-2.406-7.033-2.502Q-7.096-2.598-7.215-2.619Q-7.334-2.641-7.580-2.641L-7.580-2.937L-6.334-3.023L-6.334-0.473L-6.334-0.449Q-6.334-0.137-6.280 0.025Q-6.225 0.188-6.074 0.258Q-5.924 0.328-5.604 0.328Q-5.174 0.328-4.901-0.010Q-4.627-0.348-4.627-0.793L-4.627-2.191Q-4.627-2.406-4.690-2.502Q-4.752-2.598-4.871-2.619Q-4.990-2.641-5.237-2.641L-5.237-2.937L-3.990-3.023L-3.990-0.238Q-3.990-0.027-3.928 0.068Q-3.865 0.164-3.746 0.186Q-3.627 0.207-3.381 0.207L-3.381 0.504L-4.604 0.582L-4.604-0.039Q-4.772 0.250-5.053 0.416Q-5.334 0.582-5.655 0.582Q-6.971 0.582-6.971-0.449M-1.022 0.504L-2.854 0.504L-2.854 0.207Q-2.580 0.207-2.412 0.160Q-2.244 0.113-2.244-0.055L-2.244-4.215Q-2.244-4.430-2.307-4.525Q-2.369-4.621-2.489-4.642Q-2.608-4.664-2.854-4.664L-2.854-4.961L-1.631-5.047L-1.631-0.055Q-1.631 0.113-1.463 0.160Q-1.295 0.207-1.022 0.207\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(51.903 -35.239)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-30.139 0.504L-30.406 0.504L-30.406-3.604Q-30.406-3.874-30.513-3.936Q-30.621-3.997-30.932-3.997L-30.932-4.278L-29.852-4.353L-29.852-2.183Q-29.643-2.374-29.358-2.478Q-29.073-2.582-28.775-2.582Q-28.457-2.582-28.160-2.461Q-27.863-2.340-27.640-2.124Q-27.418-1.909-27.292-1.624Q-27.165-1.338-27.165-1.007Q-27.165-0.562-27.405-0.198Q-27.644 0.166-28.037 0.369Q-28.430 0.572-28.874 0.572Q-29.069 0.572-29.259 0.516Q-29.448 0.460-29.609 0.355Q-29.770 0.251-29.910 0.090L-30.139 0.504M-29.824-1.841L-29.824-0.224Q-29.688 0.036-29.447 0.193Q-29.206 0.350-28.929 0.350Q-28.635 0.350-28.423 0.243Q-28.211 0.135-28.078-0.057Q-27.945-0.248-27.886-0.487Q-27.828-0.726-27.828-1.007Q-27.828-1.366-27.922-1.670Q-28.016-1.974-28.244-2.167Q-28.471-2.360-28.837-2.360Q-29.137-2.360-29.404-2.224Q-29.671-2.087-29.824-1.841\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(51.903 -35.239)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-26.355-1.031Q-26.355-1.352-26.230-1.641Q-26.105-1.930-25.879-2.153Q-25.654-2.377-25.358-2.497Q-25.063-2.617-24.745-2.617Q-24.417-2.617-24.155-2.517Q-23.894-2.418-23.718-2.236Q-23.542-2.053-23.448-1.795Q-23.354-1.537-23.354-1.205Q-23.354-1.113-23.436-1.092L-25.691-1.092L-25.691-1.031Q-25.691-0.443-25.408-0.060Q-25.124 0.323-24.557 0.323Q-24.235 0.323-23.967 0.130Q-23.699-0.063-23.610-0.378Q-23.603-0.419-23.528-0.433L-23.436-0.433Q-23.354-0.409-23.354-0.337Q-23.354-0.330-23.360-0.303Q-23.473 0.094-23.844 0.333Q-24.215 0.572-24.639 0.572Q-25.076 0.572-25.476 0.364Q-25.876 0.155-26.115-0.212Q-26.355-0.579-26.355-1.031M-25.685-1.301L-23.870-1.301Q-23.870-1.578-23.967-1.830Q-24.065-2.083-24.263-2.239Q-24.461-2.394-24.745-2.394Q-25.022-2.394-25.235-2.236Q-25.449-2.077-25.567-1.822Q-25.685-1.567-25.685-1.301M-22.766 0.497L-22.766-0.566Q-22.766-0.590-22.738-0.617Q-22.711-0.644-22.687-0.644L-22.578-0.644Q-22.513-0.644-22.499-0.586Q-22.403-0.152-22.157 0.099Q-21.911 0.350-21.498 0.350Q-21.156 0.350-20.903 0.217Q-20.650 0.084-20.650-0.224Q-20.650-0.381-20.744-0.496Q-20.838-0.610-20.976-0.679Q-21.115-0.747-21.282-0.785L-21.863-0.884Q-22.219-0.952-22.492-1.173Q-22.766-1.393-22.766-1.735Q-22.766-1.984-22.655-2.159Q-22.544-2.333-22.357-2.432Q-22.171-2.531-21.956-2.574Q-21.740-2.617-21.498-2.617Q-21.084-2.617-20.804-2.435L-20.588-2.610Q-20.578-2.613-20.571-2.615Q-20.565-2.617-20.554-2.617L-20.503-2.617Q-20.476-2.617-20.452-2.593Q-20.428-2.569-20.428-2.541L-20.428-1.694Q-20.428-1.673-20.452-1.646Q-20.476-1.619-20.503-1.619L-20.616-1.619Q-20.643-1.619-20.669-1.644Q-20.694-1.670-20.694-1.694Q-20.694-1.930-20.800-2.094Q-20.906-2.258-21.089-2.340Q-21.272-2.422-21.504-2.422Q-21.833-2.422-22.089-2.319Q-22.345-2.217-22.345-1.940Q-22.345-1.745-22.162-1.636Q-21.980-1.526-21.751-1.485L-21.176-1.379Q-20.930-1.331-20.717-1.203Q-20.503-1.075-20.366-0.872Q-20.230-0.668-20.230-0.419Q-20.230 0.094-20.595 0.333Q-20.961 0.572-21.498 0.572Q-21.993 0.572-22.325 0.278L-22.591 0.552Q-22.612 0.572-22.639 0.572L-22.687 0.572Q-22.711 0.572-22.738 0.545Q-22.766 0.518-22.766 0.497M-19.074-0.337L-19.074-2.234L-19.713-2.234L-19.713-2.456Q-19.396-2.456-19.179-2.666Q-18.961-2.876-18.861-3.186Q-18.760-3.495-18.760-3.803L-18.493-3.803L-18.493-2.514L-17.417-2.514L-17.417-2.234L-18.493-2.234L-18.493-0.350Q-18.493-0.074-18.389 0.125Q-18.285 0.323-18.025 0.323Q-17.868 0.323-17.762 0.219Q-17.656 0.114-17.606-0.039Q-17.557-0.193-17.557-0.350L-17.557-0.764L-17.290-0.764L-17.290-0.337Q-17.290-0.111-17.389 0.099Q-17.488 0.309-17.673 0.441Q-17.857 0.572-18.086 0.572Q-18.524 0.572-18.799 0.335Q-19.074 0.097-19.074-0.337\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(51.903 -35.239)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-11.641 2.254Q-12.191 1.854-12.562 1.299Q-12.933 0.743-13.114 0.097Q-13.295-0.549-13.295-1.246Q-13.295-1.759-13.195-2.254Q-13.094-2.750-12.889-3.201Q-12.684-3.652-12.371-4.044Q-12.058-4.435-11.641-4.739Q-11.631-4.743-11.624-4.744Q-11.617-4.746-11.607-4.746L-11.539-4.746Q-11.504-4.746-11.482-4.722Q-11.460-4.698-11.460-4.661Q-11.460-4.616-11.487-4.599Q-11.836-4.298-12.089-3.914Q-12.342-3.529-12.494-3.088Q-12.646-2.647-12.718-2.191Q-12.790-1.735-12.790-1.246Q-12.790-0.245-12.480 0.642Q-12.171 1.529-11.487 2.114Q-11.460 2.131-11.460 2.175Q-11.460 2.213-11.482 2.237Q-11.504 2.261-11.539 2.261L-11.607 2.261Q-11.614 2.257-11.622 2.256Q-11.631 2.254-11.641 2.254M-8.968 0.504L-10.602 0.504L-10.602 0.224Q-10.373 0.224-10.224 0.190Q-10.076 0.155-10.076 0.015L-10.076-1.834Q-10.076-2.104-10.183-2.165Q-10.291-2.227-10.602-2.227L-10.602-2.507L-9.543-2.582L-9.543-1.933Q-9.372-2.241-9.067-2.412Q-8.763-2.582-8.418-2.582Q-8.018-2.582-7.741-2.442Q-7.464-2.302-7.379-1.954Q-7.211-2.247-6.912-2.415Q-6.613-2.582-6.268-2.582Q-5.762-2.582-5.479-2.359Q-5.195-2.135-5.195-1.639L-5.195 0.015Q-5.195 0.152-5.046 0.188Q-4.898 0.224-4.672 0.224L-4.672 0.504L-6.302 0.504L-6.302 0.224Q-6.077 0.224-5.926 0.188Q-5.776 0.152-5.776 0.015L-5.776-1.625Q-5.776-1.960-5.896-2.160Q-6.015-2.360-6.330-2.360Q-6.600-2.360-6.834-2.224Q-7.068-2.087-7.206-1.853Q-7.345-1.619-7.345-1.345L-7.345 0.015Q-7.345 0.152-7.196 0.188Q-7.047 0.224-6.822 0.224L-6.822 0.504L-8.452 0.504L-8.452 0.224Q-8.223 0.224-8.075 0.190Q-7.926 0.155-7.926 0.015L-7.926-1.625Q-7.926-1.960-8.045-2.160Q-8.165-2.360-8.480-2.360Q-8.750-2.360-8.984-2.224Q-9.218-2.087-9.356-1.853Q-9.495-1.619-9.495-1.345L-9.495 0.015Q-9.495 0.152-9.344 0.188Q-9.194 0.224-8.968 0.224L-8.968 0.504M-4.125-0.979Q-4.125-1.321-3.990-1.620Q-3.855-1.919-3.616-2.143Q-3.377-2.367-3.059-2.492Q-2.741-2.617-2.409-2.617Q-1.965-2.617-1.565-2.401Q-1.165-2.186-0.931-1.808Q-0.697-1.431-0.697-0.979Q-0.697-0.638-0.839-0.354Q-0.981-0.070-1.225 0.137Q-1.469 0.343-1.779 0.458Q-2.088 0.572-2.409 0.572Q-2.840 0.572-3.241 0.371Q-3.643 0.169-3.884-0.183Q-4.125-0.535-4.125-0.979M-2.409 0.323Q-1.808 0.323-1.584-0.055Q-1.360-0.433-1.360-1.065Q-1.360-1.677-1.594-2.036Q-1.828-2.394-2.409-2.394Q-3.462-2.394-3.462-1.065Q-3.462-0.433-3.236-0.055Q-3.011 0.323-2.409 0.323M-0.102 0.497L-0.102-0.566Q-0.102-0.590-0.075-0.617Q-0.047-0.644-0.023-0.644L0.086-0.644Q0.151-0.644 0.165-0.586Q0.260-0.152 0.506 0.099Q0.752 0.350 1.166 0.350Q1.508 0.350 1.761 0.217Q2.014 0.084 2.014-0.224Q2.014-0.381 1.920-0.496Q1.826-0.610 1.687-0.679Q1.549-0.747 1.381-0.785L0.800-0.884Q0.445-0.952 0.171-1.173Q-0.102-1.393-0.102-1.735Q-0.102-1.984 0.009-2.159Q0.120-2.333 0.306-2.432Q0.493-2.531 0.708-2.574Q0.923-2.617 1.166-2.617Q1.580-2.617 1.860-2.435L2.075-2.610Q2.085-2.613 2.092-2.615Q2.099-2.617 2.109-2.617L2.161-2.617Q2.188-2.617 2.212-2.593Q2.236-2.569 2.236-2.541L2.236-1.694Q2.236-1.673 2.212-1.646Q2.188-1.619 2.161-1.619L2.048-1.619Q2.020-1.619 1.995-1.644Q1.969-1.670 1.969-1.694Q1.969-1.930 1.863-2.094Q1.757-2.258 1.574-2.340Q1.392-2.422 1.159-2.422Q0.831-2.422 0.575-2.319Q0.318-2.217 0.318-1.940Q0.318-1.745 0.501-1.636Q0.684-1.526 0.913-1.485L1.487-1.379Q1.733-1.331 1.947-1.203Q2.161-1.075 2.297-0.872Q2.434-0.668 2.434-0.419Q2.434 0.094 2.068 0.333Q1.703 0.572 1.166 0.572Q0.670 0.572 0.339 0.278L0.072 0.552Q0.052 0.572 0.024 0.572L-0.023 0.572Q-0.047 0.572-0.075 0.545Q-0.102 0.518-0.102 0.497M3.589-0.337L3.589-2.234L2.950-2.234L2.950-2.456Q3.268-2.456 3.485-2.666Q3.702-2.876 3.803-3.186Q3.904-3.495 3.904-3.803L4.170-3.803L4.170-2.514L5.247-2.514L5.247-2.234L4.170-2.234L4.170-0.350Q4.170-0.074 4.275 0.125Q4.379 0.323 4.639 0.323Q4.796 0.323 4.902 0.219Q5.008 0.114 5.057-0.039Q5.107-0.193 5.107-0.350L5.107-0.764L5.373-0.764L5.373-0.337Q5.373-0.111 5.274 0.099Q5.175 0.309 4.991 0.441Q4.806 0.572 4.577 0.572Q4.140 0.572 3.864 0.335Q3.589 0.097 3.589-0.337M6.505 2.261L6.436 2.261Q6.402 2.261 6.380 2.235Q6.358 2.210 6.358 2.175Q6.358 2.131 6.389 2.114Q6.744 1.810 6.994 1.420Q7.243 1.030 7.395 0.598Q7.547 0.166 7.617-0.303Q7.687-0.771 7.687-1.246Q7.687-1.725 7.617-2.191Q7.547-2.658 7.394-3.093Q7.240-3.529 6.988-3.917Q6.737-4.305 6.389-4.599Q6.358-4.616 6.358-4.661Q6.358-4.695 6.380-4.720Q6.402-4.746 6.436-4.746L6.505-4.746Q6.515-4.746 6.524-4.744Q6.532-4.743 6.542-4.739Q7.086-4.339 7.458-3.786Q7.831-3.232 8.012-2.586Q8.193-1.940 8.193-1.246Q8.193-0.545 8.012 0.102Q7.831 0.750 7.457 1.304Q7.082 1.858 6.542 2.254Q6.532 2.254 6.524 2.256Q6.515 2.257 6.505 2.261\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\">\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(51.903 41.584)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-29.558 0.477L-30.539-2.022Q-30.600-2.165-30.718-2.200Q-30.836-2.234-31.052-2.234L-31.052-2.514L-29.572-2.514L-29.572-2.234Q-29.951-2.234-29.951-2.073Q-29.951-2.063-29.937-2.022L-29.223-0.190L-28.550-1.895Q-28.580-1.967-28.580-1.995Q-28.580-2.022-28.608-2.022Q-28.669-2.169-28.787-2.201Q-28.905-2.234-29.117-2.234L-29.117-2.514L-27.719-2.514L-27.719-2.234Q-28.095-2.234-28.095-2.073Q-28.095-2.042-28.088-2.022L-27.333-0.084L-26.646-1.834Q-26.625-1.885-26.625-1.940Q-26.625-2.080-26.738-2.157Q-26.851-2.234-26.991-2.234L-26.991-2.514L-25.771-2.514L-25.771-2.234Q-25.976-2.234-26.131-2.128Q-26.287-2.022-26.359-1.834L-27.264 0.477Q-27.299 0.572-27.411 0.572L-27.480 0.572Q-27.589 0.572-27.627 0.477L-28.409-1.526L-29.196 0.477Q-29.230 0.572-29.343 0.572L-29.411 0.572Q-29.520 0.572-29.558 0.477\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(51.903 41.584)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-25.494-0.979Q-25.494-1.321-25.359-1.620Q-25.224-1.919-24.984-2.143Q-24.745-2.367-24.427-2.492Q-24.109-2.617-23.778-2.617Q-23.333-2.617-22.934-2.401Q-22.534-2.186-22.299-1.808Q-22.065-1.431-22.065-0.979Q-22.065-0.638-22.207-0.354Q-22.349-0.070-22.593 0.137Q-22.838 0.343-23.147 0.458Q-23.456 0.572-23.778 0.572Q-24.208 0.572-24.610 0.371Q-25.012 0.169-25.253-0.183Q-25.494-0.535-25.494-0.979M-23.778 0.323Q-23.176 0.323-22.952-0.055Q-22.728-0.433-22.728-1.065Q-22.728-1.677-22.963-2.036Q-23.197-2.394-23.778-2.394Q-24.830-2.394-24.830-1.065Q-24.830-0.433-24.605-0.055Q-24.379 0.323-23.778 0.323M-19.721 0.504L-21.457 0.504L-21.457 0.224Q-21.228 0.224-21.079 0.190Q-20.931 0.155-20.931 0.015L-20.931-1.834Q-20.931-2.104-21.038-2.165Q-21.146-2.227-21.457-2.227L-21.457-2.507L-20.428-2.582L-20.428-1.875Q-20.298-2.183-20.056-2.382Q-19.813-2.582-19.495-2.582Q-19.276-2.582-19.105-2.458Q-18.934-2.333-18.934-2.121Q-18.934-1.984-19.034-1.885Q-19.133-1.786-19.266-1.786Q-19.403-1.786-19.502-1.885Q-19.601-1.984-19.601-2.121Q-19.601-2.261-19.502-2.360Q-19.792-2.360-19.992-2.164Q-20.192-1.967-20.285-1.673Q-20.377-1.379-20.377-1.099L-20.377 0.015Q-20.377 0.224-19.721 0.224L-19.721 0.504M-18.350 0.497L-18.350-0.566Q-18.350-0.590-18.323-0.617Q-18.295-0.644-18.271-0.644L-18.162-0.644Q-18.097-0.644-18.083-0.586Q-17.988-0.152-17.742 0.099Q-17.496 0.350-17.082 0.350Q-16.740 0.350-16.487 0.217Q-16.234 0.084-16.234-0.224Q-16.234-0.381-16.328-0.496Q-16.422-0.610-16.561-0.679Q-16.699-0.747-16.867-0.785L-17.448-0.884Q-17.803-0.952-18.077-1.173Q-18.350-1.393-18.350-1.735Q-18.350-1.984-18.239-2.159Q-18.128-2.333-17.942-2.432Q-17.755-2.531-17.540-2.574Q-17.325-2.617-17.082-2.617Q-16.668-2.617-16.388-2.435L-16.173-2.610Q-16.163-2.613-16.156-2.615Q-16.149-2.617-16.139-2.617L-16.087-2.617Q-16.060-2.617-16.036-2.593Q-16.012-2.569-16.012-2.541L-16.012-1.694Q-16.012-1.673-16.036-1.646Q-16.060-1.619-16.087-1.619L-16.200-1.619Q-16.227-1.619-16.253-1.644Q-16.279-1.670-16.279-1.694Q-16.279-1.930-16.385-2.094Q-16.491-2.258-16.673-2.340Q-16.856-2.422-17.089-2.422Q-17.417-2.422-17.673-2.319Q-17.930-2.217-17.930-1.940Q-17.930-1.745-17.747-1.636Q-17.564-1.526-17.335-1.485L-16.761-1.379Q-16.515-1.331-16.301-1.203Q-16.087-1.075-15.951-0.872Q-15.814-0.668-15.814-0.419Q-15.814 0.094-16.180 0.333Q-16.545 0.572-17.082 0.572Q-17.578 0.572-17.909 0.278L-18.176 0.552Q-18.196 0.572-18.224 0.572L-18.271 0.572Q-18.295 0.572-18.323 0.545Q-18.350 0.518-18.350 0.497M-14.659-0.337L-14.659-2.234L-15.298-2.234L-15.298-2.456Q-14.980-2.456-14.763-2.666Q-14.546-2.876-14.445-3.186Q-14.344-3.495-14.344-3.803L-14.078-3.803L-14.078-2.514L-13.001-2.514L-13.001-2.234L-14.078-2.234L-14.078-0.350Q-14.078-0.074-13.973 0.125Q-13.869 0.323-13.609 0.323Q-13.452 0.323-13.346 0.219Q-13.240 0.114-13.191-0.039Q-13.141-0.193-13.141-0.350L-13.141-0.764L-12.874-0.764L-12.874-0.337Q-12.874-0.111-12.974 0.099Q-13.073 0.309-13.257 0.441Q-13.442 0.572-13.671 0.572Q-14.108 0.572-14.383 0.335Q-14.659 0.097-14.659-0.337\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(51.903 41.584)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-7.224 2.254Q-7.774 1.854-8.145 1.299Q-8.516 0.743-8.697 0.097Q-8.878-0.549-8.878-1.246Q-8.878-1.759-8.778-2.254Q-8.677-2.750-8.472-3.201Q-8.267-3.652-7.954-4.044Q-7.641-4.435-7.224-4.739Q-7.214-4.743-7.207-4.744Q-7.200-4.746-7.190-4.746L-7.122-4.746Q-7.087-4.746-7.065-4.722Q-7.043-4.698-7.043-4.661Q-7.043-4.616-7.070-4.599Q-7.419-4.298-7.672-3.914Q-7.925-3.529-8.077-3.088Q-8.229-2.647-8.301-2.191Q-8.373-1.735-8.373-1.246Q-8.373-0.245-8.063 0.642Q-7.754 1.529-7.070 2.114Q-7.043 2.131-7.043 2.175Q-7.043 2.213-7.065 2.237Q-7.087 2.261-7.122 2.261L-7.190 2.261Q-7.197 2.257-7.205 2.256Q-7.214 2.254-7.224 2.254M-4.565 0.504L-6.168 0.504L-6.168 0.224Q-5.942 0.224-5.794 0.190Q-5.645 0.155-5.645 0.015L-5.645-3.604Q-5.645-3.874-5.753-3.936Q-5.860-3.997-6.168-3.997L-6.168-4.278L-5.091-4.353L-5.091 0.015Q-5.091 0.152-4.941 0.188Q-4.791 0.224-4.565 0.224L-4.565 0.504M-4.011-1.031Q-4.011-1.352-3.887-1.641Q-3.762-1.930-3.536-2.153Q-3.311-2.377-3.015-2.497Q-2.719-2.617-2.401-2.617Q-2.073-2.617-1.812-2.517Q-1.550-2.418-1.374-2.236Q-1.198-2.053-1.104-1.795Q-1.010-1.537-1.010-1.205Q-1.010-1.113-1.092-1.092L-3.348-1.092L-3.348-1.031Q-3.348-0.443-3.064-0.060Q-2.781 0.323-2.213 0.323Q-1.892 0.323-1.624 0.130Q-1.355-0.063-1.267-0.378Q-1.260-0.419-1.185-0.433L-1.092-0.433Q-1.010-0.409-1.010-0.337Q-1.010-0.330-1.017-0.303Q-1.130 0.094-1.501 0.333Q-1.872 0.572-2.295 0.572Q-2.733 0.572-3.133 0.364Q-3.533 0.155-3.772-0.212Q-4.011-0.579-4.011-1.031M-3.341-1.301L-1.526-1.301Q-1.526-1.578-1.624-1.830Q-1.721-2.083-1.919-2.239Q-2.118-2.394-2.401-2.394Q-2.678-2.394-2.892-2.236Q-3.105-2.077-3.223-1.822Q-3.341-1.567-3.341-1.301M-0.364-0.224Q-0.364-0.556-0.140-0.783Q0.083-1.010 0.427-1.138Q0.770-1.267 1.143-1.319Q1.516-1.372 1.820-1.372L1.820-1.625Q1.820-1.830 1.712-2.010Q1.604-2.189 1.423-2.292Q1.242-2.394 1.034-2.394Q0.627-2.394 0.391-2.302Q0.480-2.265 0.526-2.181Q0.572-2.097 0.572-1.995Q0.572-1.899 0.526-1.820Q0.480-1.742 0.400-1.697Q0.319-1.653 0.230-1.653Q0.080-1.653-0.021-1.750Q-0.122-1.848-0.122-1.995Q-0.122-2.617 1.034-2.617Q1.246-2.617 1.495-2.553Q1.745-2.490 1.946-2.371Q2.148-2.251 2.274-2.066Q2.401-1.882 2.401-1.639L2.401-0.063Q2.401 0.053 2.462 0.149Q2.524 0.244 2.637 0.244Q2.746 0.244 2.811 0.150Q2.876 0.056 2.876-0.063L2.876-0.511L3.143-0.511L3.143-0.063Q3.143 0.207 2.915 0.372Q2.688 0.538 2.408 0.538Q2.199 0.538 2.062 0.384Q1.926 0.231 1.902 0.015Q1.755 0.282 1.473 0.427Q1.191 0.572 0.866 0.572Q0.589 0.572 0.306 0.497Q0.022 0.422-0.171 0.243Q-0.364 0.063-0.364-0.224M0.251-0.224Q0.251-0.050 0.352 0.080Q0.453 0.210 0.608 0.280Q0.764 0.350 0.928 0.350Q1.146 0.350 1.355 0.253Q1.563 0.155 1.692-0.026Q1.820-0.207 1.820-0.433L1.820-1.161Q1.495-1.161 1.129-1.070Q0.764-0.979 0.507-0.767Q0.251-0.556 0.251-0.224M3.560 0.497L3.560-0.566Q3.560-0.590 3.587-0.617Q3.614-0.644 3.638-0.644L3.748-0.644Q3.812-0.644 3.826-0.586Q3.922-0.152 4.168 0.099Q4.414 0.350 4.828 0.350Q5.169 0.350 5.422 0.217Q5.675 0.084 5.675-0.224Q5.675-0.381 5.581-0.496Q5.487-0.610 5.349-0.679Q5.210-0.747 5.043-0.785L4.462-0.884Q4.106-0.952 3.833-1.173Q3.560-1.393 3.560-1.735Q3.560-1.984 3.671-2.159Q3.782-2.333 3.968-2.432Q4.154-2.531 4.370-2.574Q4.585-2.617 4.828-2.617Q5.241-2.617 5.521-2.435L5.737-2.610Q5.747-2.613 5.754-2.615Q5.761-2.617 5.771-2.617L5.822-2.617Q5.850-2.617 5.874-2.593Q5.897-2.569 5.897-2.541L5.897-1.694Q5.897-1.673 5.874-1.646Q5.850-1.619 5.822-1.619L5.709-1.619Q5.682-1.619 5.656-1.644Q5.631-1.670 5.631-1.694Q5.631-1.930 5.525-2.094Q5.419-2.258 5.236-2.340Q5.053-2.422 4.821-2.422Q4.493-2.422 4.236-2.319Q3.980-2.217 3.980-1.940Q3.980-1.745 4.163-1.636Q4.346-1.526 4.575-1.485L5.149-1.379Q5.395-1.331 5.609-1.203Q5.822-1.075 5.959-0.872Q6.096-0.668 6.096-0.419Q6.096 0.094 5.730 0.333Q5.364 0.572 4.828 0.572Q4.332 0.572 4 0.278L3.734 0.552Q3.713 0.572 3.686 0.572L3.638 0.572Q3.614 0.572 3.587 0.545Q3.560 0.518 3.560 0.497M7.251-0.337L7.251-2.234L6.612-2.234L6.612-2.456Q6.930-2.456 7.147-2.666Q7.364-2.876 7.465-3.186Q7.565-3.495 7.565-3.803L7.832-3.803L7.832-2.514L8.909-2.514L8.909-2.234L7.832-2.234L7.832-0.350Q7.832-0.074 7.936 0.125Q8.040 0.323 8.300 0.323Q8.457 0.323 8.563 0.219Q8.669 0.114 8.719-0.039Q8.769-0.193 8.769-0.350L8.769-0.764L9.035-0.764L9.035-0.337Q9.035-0.111 8.936 0.099Q8.837 0.309 8.652 0.441Q8.468 0.572 8.239 0.572Q7.801 0.572 7.526 0.335Q7.251 0.097 7.251-0.337M10.166 2.261L10.098 2.261Q10.064 2.261 10.042 2.235Q10.020 2.210 10.020 2.175Q10.020 2.131 10.050 2.114Q10.406 1.810 10.655 1.420Q10.905 1.030 11.057 0.598Q11.209 0.166 11.279-0.303Q11.349-0.771 11.349-1.246Q11.349-1.725 11.279-2.191Q11.209-2.658 11.055-3.093Q10.901-3.529 10.650-3.917Q10.399-4.305 10.050-4.599Q10.020-4.616 10.020-4.661Q10.020-4.695 10.042-4.720Q10.064-4.746 10.098-4.746L10.166-4.746Q10.177-4.746 10.185-4.744Q10.194-4.743 10.204-4.739Q10.748-4.339 11.120-3.786Q11.493-3.232 11.674-2.586Q11.855-1.940 11.855-1.246Q11.855-0.545 11.674 0.102Q11.493 0.750 11.118 1.304Q10.744 1.858 10.204 2.254Q10.194 2.254 10.185 2.256Q10.177 2.257 10.166 2.261\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(151.487 -11.322)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-30.946-7.503L-30.946-8.566Q-30.946-8.590-30.918-8.617Q-30.891-8.644-30.867-8.644L-30.758-8.644Q-30.693-8.644-30.679-8.586Q-30.583-8.152-30.337-7.901Q-30.091-7.650-29.677-7.650Q-29.336-7.650-29.083-7.783Q-28.830-7.916-28.830-8.224Q-28.830-8.381-28.924-8.496Q-29.018-8.610-29.156-8.679Q-29.295-8.747-29.462-8.785L-30.043-8.884Q-30.399-8.952-30.672-9.173Q-30.946-9.393-30.946-9.735Q-30.946-9.984-30.834-10.159Q-30.723-10.333-30.537-10.432Q-30.351-10.531-30.135-10.574Q-29.920-10.617-29.677-10.617Q-29.264-10.617-28.984-10.435L-28.768-10.610Q-28.758-10.613-28.751-10.615Q-28.744-10.617-28.734-10.617L-28.683-10.617Q-28.656-10.617-28.632-10.593Q-28.608-10.569-28.608-10.541L-28.608-9.694Q-28.608-9.673-28.632-9.646Q-28.656-9.619-28.683-9.619L-28.796-9.619Q-28.823-9.619-28.849-9.644Q-28.874-9.670-28.874-9.694Q-28.874-9.930-28.980-10.094Q-29.086-10.258-29.269-10.340Q-29.452-10.422-29.684-10.422Q-30.012-10.422-30.269-10.319Q-30.525-10.217-30.525-9.940Q-30.525-9.745-30.342-9.636Q-30.159-9.526-29.930-9.485L-29.356-9.379Q-29.110-9.331-28.896-9.203Q-28.683-9.075-28.546-8.872Q-28.409-8.668-28.409-8.419Q-28.409-7.906-28.775-7.667Q-29.141-7.428-29.677-7.428Q-30.173-7.428-30.505-7.722L-30.771-7.448Q-30.792-7.428-30.819-7.428L-30.867-7.428Q-30.891-7.428-30.918-7.455Q-30.946-7.482-30.946-7.503M-27.781-9.007Q-27.781-9.335-27.645-9.636Q-27.510-9.936-27.275-10.157Q-27.039-10.377-26.735-10.497Q-26.430-10.617-26.106-10.617Q-25.600-10.617-25.251-10.514Q-24.903-10.412-24.903-10.036Q-24.903-9.889-25-9.788Q-25.097-9.687-25.244-9.687Q-25.398-9.687-25.497-9.786Q-25.596-9.885-25.596-10.036Q-25.596-10.224-25.456-10.316Q-25.658-10.367-26.099-10.367Q-26.454-10.367-26.683-10.171Q-26.912-9.974-27.013-9.665Q-27.114-9.355-27.114-9.007Q-27.114-8.658-26.988-8.352Q-26.861-8.046-26.606-7.862Q-26.352-7.677-25.996-7.677Q-25.774-7.677-25.590-7.761Q-25.405-7.845-25.270-8Q-25.135-8.156-25.077-8.364Q-25.063-8.419-25.009-8.419L-24.896-8.419Q-24.865-8.419-24.843-8.395Q-24.821-8.371-24.821-8.337L-24.821-8.316Q-24.906-8.029-25.094-7.831Q-25.282-7.633-25.547-7.530Q-25.812-7.428-26.106-7.428Q-26.536-7.428-26.924-7.634Q-27.312-7.841-27.546-8.204Q-27.781-8.566-27.781-9.007M-24.274-8.979Q-24.274-9.321-24.139-9.620Q-24.004-9.919-23.764-10.143Q-23.525-10.367-23.207-10.492Q-22.889-10.617-22.558-10.617Q-22.114-10.617-21.714-10.401Q-21.314-10.186-21.080-9.808Q-20.845-9.431-20.845-8.979Q-20.845-8.638-20.987-8.354Q-21.129-8.070-21.374-7.863Q-21.618-7.657-21.927-7.542Q-22.237-7.428-22.558-7.428Q-22.989-7.428-23.390-7.629Q-23.792-7.831-24.033-8.183Q-24.274-8.535-24.274-8.979M-22.558-7.677Q-21.956-7.677-21.732-8.055Q-21.509-8.433-21.509-9.065Q-21.509-9.677-21.743-10.036Q-21.977-10.394-22.558-10.394Q-23.611-10.394-23.611-9.065Q-23.611-8.433-23.385-8.055Q-23.159-7.677-22.558-7.677M-18.501-7.496L-20.237-7.496L-20.237-7.776Q-20.008-7.776-19.859-7.810Q-19.711-7.845-19.711-7.985L-19.711-9.834Q-19.711-10.104-19.818-10.165Q-19.926-10.227-20.237-10.227L-20.237-10.507L-19.208-10.582L-19.208-9.875Q-19.078-10.183-18.836-10.382Q-18.593-10.582-18.275-10.582Q-18.056-10.582-17.885-10.458Q-17.715-10.333-17.715-10.121Q-17.715-9.984-17.814-9.885Q-17.913-9.786-18.046-9.786Q-18.183-9.786-18.282-9.885Q-18.381-9.984-18.381-10.121Q-18.381-10.261-18.282-10.360Q-18.573-10.360-18.772-10.164Q-18.972-9.967-19.065-9.673Q-19.157-9.379-19.157-9.099L-19.157-7.985Q-19.157-7.776-18.501-7.776L-18.501-7.496M-17.171-9.031Q-17.171-9.352-17.046-9.641Q-16.922-9.930-16.696-10.153Q-16.470-10.377-16.175-10.497Q-15.879-10.617-15.561-10.617Q-15.233-10.617-14.972-10.517Q-14.710-10.418-14.534-10.236Q-14.358-10.053-14.264-9.795Q-14.170-9.537-14.170-9.205Q-14.170-9.113-14.252-9.092L-16.508-9.092L-16.508-9.031Q-16.508-8.443-16.224-8.060Q-15.941-7.677-15.373-7.677Q-15.052-7.677-14.784-7.870Q-14.515-8.063-14.427-8.378Q-14.420-8.419-14.344-8.433L-14.252-8.433Q-14.170-8.409-14.170-8.337Q-14.170-8.330-14.177-8.303Q-14.290-7.906-14.661-7.667Q-15.031-7.428-15.455-7.428Q-15.893-7.428-16.293-7.636Q-16.693-7.845-16.932-8.212Q-17.171-8.579-17.171-9.031M-16.501-9.301L-14.686-9.301Q-14.686-9.578-14.784-9.830Q-14.881-10.083-15.079-10.239Q-15.278-10.394-15.561-10.394Q-15.838-10.394-16.052-10.236Q-16.265-10.077-16.383-9.822Q-16.501-9.567-16.501-9.301M-11.453-5.746Q-12.003-6.146-12.374-6.701Q-12.745-7.257-12.926-7.903Q-13.107-8.549-13.107-9.246Q-13.107-9.759-13.006-10.254Q-12.906-10.750-12.700-11.201Q-12.495-11.652-12.183-12.044Q-11.870-12.435-11.453-12.739Q-11.443-12.743-11.436-12.744Q-11.429-12.746-11.419-12.746L-11.350-12.746Q-11.316-12.746-11.294-12.722Q-11.272-12.698-11.272-12.661Q-11.272-12.616-11.299-12.599Q-11.648-12.298-11.901-11.914Q-12.154-11.529-12.306-11.088Q-12.458-10.647-12.530-10.191Q-12.601-9.735-12.601-9.246Q-12.601-8.245-12.292-7.358Q-11.983-6.471-11.299-5.886Q-11.272-5.869-11.272-5.825Q-11.272-5.787-11.294-5.763Q-11.316-5.739-11.350-5.739L-11.419-5.739Q-11.426-5.743-11.434-5.744Q-11.443-5.746-11.453-5.746M-9.074-7.523L-10.055-10.022Q-10.116-10.165-10.234-10.200Q-10.352-10.234-10.568-10.234L-10.568-10.514L-9.088-10.514L-9.088-10.234Q-9.467-10.234-9.467-10.073Q-9.467-10.063-9.453-10.022L-8.739-8.190L-8.066-9.895Q-8.096-9.967-8.096-9.995Q-8.096-10.022-8.124-10.022Q-8.185-10.169-8.303-10.201Q-8.421-10.234-8.633-10.234L-8.633-10.514L-7.235-10.514L-7.235-10.234Q-7.611-10.234-7.611-10.073Q-7.611-10.042-7.604-10.022L-6.849-8.084L-6.162-9.834Q-6.141-9.885-6.141-9.940Q-6.141-10.080-6.254-10.157Q-6.367-10.234-6.507-10.234L-6.507-10.514L-5.287-10.514L-5.287-10.234Q-5.492-10.234-5.647-10.128Q-5.803-10.022-5.875-9.834L-6.781-7.523Q-6.815-7.428-6.927-7.428L-6.996-7.428Q-7.105-7.428-7.143-7.523L-7.926-9.526L-8.712-7.523Q-8.746-7.428-8.859-7.428L-8.927-7.428Q-9.036-7.428-9.074-7.523M-4.436-5.739L-4.504-5.739Q-4.538-5.739-4.561-5.765Q-4.583-5.790-4.583-5.825Q-4.583-5.869-4.552-5.886Q-4.197-6.190-3.947-6.580Q-3.698-6.970-3.545-7.402Q-3.393-7.834-3.323-8.303Q-3.253-8.771-3.253-9.246Q-3.253-9.725-3.323-10.191Q-3.393-10.658-3.547-11.093Q-3.701-11.529-3.952-11.917Q-4.203-12.305-4.552-12.599Q-4.583-12.616-4.583-12.661Q-4.583-12.695-4.561-12.720Q-4.538-12.746-4.504-12.746L-4.436-12.746Q-4.426-12.746-4.417-12.744Q-4.408-12.743-4.398-12.739Q-3.855-12.339-3.482-11.786Q-3.110-11.232-2.928-10.586Q-2.747-9.940-2.747-9.246Q-2.747-8.545-2.928-7.898Q-3.110-7.250-3.484-6.696Q-3.858-6.142-4.398-5.746Q-4.408-5.746-4.417-5.744Q-4.426-5.743-4.436-5.739\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(151.487 -11.322)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M6.265-8.303L1.432-8.303Q1.364-8.313 1.318-8.359Q1.272-8.405 1.272-8.477Q1.272-8.542 1.318-8.588Q1.364-8.634 1.432-8.644L6.265-8.644Q6.334-8.634 6.380-8.588Q6.426-8.542 6.426-8.477Q6.426-8.405 6.380-8.359Q6.334-8.313 6.265-8.303M6.265-9.841L1.432-9.841Q1.364-9.851 1.318-9.897Q1.272-9.943 1.272-10.015Q1.272-10.159 1.432-10.183L6.265-10.183Q6.426-10.159 6.426-10.015Q6.426-9.943 6.380-9.897Q6.334-9.851 6.265-9.841\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(151.487 -11.322)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-28.816 2.254Q-29.366 1.854-29.737 1.299Q-30.108 0.743-30.289 0.097Q-30.470-0.549-30.470-1.246Q-30.470-1.759-30.370-2.254Q-30.269-2.750-30.064-3.201Q-29.859-3.652-29.546-4.044Q-29.233-4.435-28.816-4.739Q-28.806-4.743-28.799-4.744Q-28.792-4.746-28.782-4.746L-28.714-4.746Q-28.679-4.746-28.657-4.722Q-28.635-4.698-28.635-4.661Q-28.635-4.616-28.662-4.599Q-29.011-4.298-29.264-3.914Q-29.517-3.529-29.669-3.088Q-29.821-2.647-29.893-2.191Q-29.965-1.735-29.965-1.246Q-29.965-0.245-29.655 0.642Q-29.346 1.529-28.662 2.114Q-28.635 2.131-28.635 2.175Q-28.635 2.213-28.657 2.237Q-28.679 2.261-28.714 2.261L-28.782 2.261Q-28.789 2.257-28.797 2.256Q-28.806 2.254-28.816 2.254M-27.005 0.730Q-27.005 0.685-26.977 0.630L-23.570-3.950Q-24.010-3.745-24.486-3.745Q-25.073-3.745-25.641-4.032Q-25.508-3.721-25.508-3.338Q-25.508-3.023-25.620-2.695Q-25.733-2.367-25.962-2.147Q-26.191-1.926-26.516-1.926Q-26.858-1.926-27.119-2.136Q-27.381-2.347-27.516-2.675Q-27.651-3.003-27.651-3.338Q-27.651-3.669-27.516-3.997Q-27.381-4.326-27.119-4.536Q-26.858-4.746-26.516-4.746Q-26.232-4.746-25.983-4.538Q-25.661-4.264-25.284-4.117Q-24.906-3.970-24.492-3.970Q-24.055-3.970-23.665-4.151Q-23.276-4.332-23.023-4.678Q-22.965-4.746-22.883-4.746Q-22.814-4.746-22.765-4.696Q-22.715-4.647-22.715-4.579Q-22.715-4.534-22.742-4.479L-26.690 0.818Q-26.745 0.897-26.830 0.897Q-26.902 0.897-26.953 0.846Q-27.005 0.795-27.005 0.730M-26.516-2.148Q-26.273-2.148-26.104-2.343Q-25.935-2.538-25.854-2.820Q-25.774-3.102-25.774-3.338Q-25.774-3.505-25.819-3.715Q-25.863-3.926-25.948-4.100Q-26.034-4.274-26.181-4.397Q-26.328-4.520-26.516-4.520Q-26.871-4.520-26.998-4.150Q-27.124-3.779-27.124-3.338Q-27.124-2.893-26.998-2.521Q-26.871-2.148-26.516-2.148M-23.077 0.897Q-23.419 0.897-23.681 0.685Q-23.942 0.473-24.077 0.145Q-24.212-0.183-24.212-0.518Q-24.212-0.850-24.077-1.176Q-23.942-1.502-23.681-1.714Q-23.419-1.926-23.077-1.926Q-22.756-1.926-22.527-1.706Q-22.298-1.485-22.184-1.157Q-22.069-0.829-22.069-0.518Q-22.069-0.204-22.184 0.126Q-22.298 0.456-22.527 0.677Q-22.756 0.897-23.077 0.897M-23.077 0.671Q-22.835 0.671-22.664 0.475Q-22.493 0.278-22.4140Q-22.336-0.279-22.336-0.518Q-22.336-0.685-22.380-0.896Q-22.425-1.106-22.510-1.280Q-22.595-1.454-22.742-1.578Q-22.889-1.701-23.077-1.701Q-23.433-1.701-23.559-1.330Q-23.686-0.959-23.686-0.518Q-23.686-0.074-23.559 0.299Q-23.433 0.671-23.077 0.671\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(151.487 -11.322)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-17.750 0.504L-18.017 0.504L-18.017-3.604Q-18.017-3.874-18.124-3.936Q-18.232-3.997-18.543-3.997L-18.543-4.278L-17.463-4.353L-17.463-2.183Q-17.254-2.374-16.969-2.478Q-16.683-2.582-16.386-2.582Q-16.068-2.582-15.771-2.461Q-15.474-2.340-15.251-2.124Q-15.029-1.909-14.903-1.624Q-14.776-1.338-14.776-1.007Q-14.776-0.562-15.016-0.198Q-15.255 0.166-15.648 0.369Q-16.041 0.572-16.485 0.572Q-16.680 0.572-16.870 0.516Q-17.059 0.460-17.220 0.355Q-17.381 0.251-17.521 0.090L-17.750 0.504M-17.435-1.841L-17.435-0.224Q-17.299 0.036-17.058 0.193Q-16.817 0.350-16.540 0.350Q-16.246 0.350-16.034 0.243Q-15.822 0.135-15.689-0.057Q-15.556-0.248-15.497-0.487Q-15.439-0.726-15.439-1.007Q-15.439-1.366-15.533-1.670Q-15.627-1.974-15.855-2.167Q-16.082-2.360-16.448-2.360Q-16.748-2.360-17.015-2.224Q-17.282-2.087-17.435-1.841\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(151.487 -11.322)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-13.966-1.031Q-13.966-1.352-13.841-1.641Q-13.716-1.930-13.490-2.153Q-13.265-2.377-12.969-2.497Q-12.674-2.617-12.356-2.617Q-12.028-2.617-11.766-2.517Q-11.505-2.418-11.329-2.236Q-11.153-2.053-11.059-1.795Q-10.965-1.537-10.965-1.205Q-10.965-1.113-11.047-1.092L-13.302-1.092L-13.302-1.031Q-13.302-0.443-13.019-0.060Q-12.735 0.323-12.168 0.323Q-11.846 0.323-11.578 0.130Q-11.310-0.063-11.221-0.378Q-11.214-0.419-11.139-0.433L-11.047-0.433Q-10.965-0.409-10.965-0.337Q-10.965-0.330-10.971-0.303Q-11.084 0.094-11.455 0.333Q-11.826 0.572-12.250 0.572Q-12.687 0.572-13.087 0.364Q-13.487 0.155-13.726-0.212Q-13.966-0.579-13.966-1.031M-13.296-1.301L-11.481-1.301Q-11.481-1.578-11.578-1.830Q-11.676-2.083-11.874-2.239Q-12.072-2.394-12.356-2.394Q-12.633-2.394-12.846-2.236Q-13.060-2.077-13.178-1.822Q-13.296-1.567-13.296-1.301M-10.377 0.497L-10.377-0.566Q-10.377-0.590-10.349-0.617Q-10.322-0.644-10.298-0.644L-10.189-0.644Q-10.124-0.644-10.110-0.586Q-10.014-0.152-9.768 0.099Q-9.522 0.350-9.109 0.350Q-8.767 0.350-8.514 0.217Q-8.261 0.084-8.261-0.224Q-8.261-0.381-8.355-0.496Q-8.449-0.610-8.587-0.679Q-8.726-0.747-8.893-0.785L-9.474-0.884Q-9.830-0.952-10.103-1.173Q-10.377-1.393-10.377-1.735Q-10.377-1.984-10.266-2.159Q-10.155-2.333-9.968-2.432Q-9.782-2.531-9.567-2.574Q-9.351-2.617-9.109-2.617Q-8.695-2.617-8.415-2.435L-8.199-2.610Q-8.189-2.613-8.182-2.615Q-8.176-2.617-8.165-2.617L-8.114-2.617Q-8.087-2.617-8.063-2.593Q-8.039-2.569-8.039-2.541L-8.039-1.694Q-8.039-1.673-8.063-1.646Q-8.087-1.619-8.114-1.619L-8.227-1.619Q-8.254-1.619-8.280-1.644Q-8.305-1.670-8.305-1.694Q-8.305-1.930-8.411-2.094Q-8.517-2.258-8.700-2.340Q-8.883-2.422-9.115-2.422Q-9.444-2.422-9.700-2.319Q-9.956-2.217-9.956-1.940Q-9.956-1.745-9.773-1.636Q-9.591-1.526-9.362-1.485L-8.787-1.379Q-8.541-1.331-8.328-1.203Q-8.114-1.075-7.977-0.872Q-7.841-0.668-7.841-0.419Q-7.841 0.094-8.206 0.333Q-8.572 0.572-9.109 0.572Q-9.604 0.572-9.936 0.278L-10.202 0.552Q-10.223 0.572-10.250 0.572L-10.298 0.572Q-10.322 0.572-10.349 0.545Q-10.377 0.518-10.377 0.497M-6.685-0.337L-6.685-2.234L-7.324-2.234L-7.324-2.456Q-7.007-2.456-6.790-2.666Q-6.572-2.876-6.472-3.186Q-6.371-3.495-6.371-3.803L-6.104-3.803L-6.104-2.514L-5.028-2.514L-5.028-2.234L-6.104-2.234L-6.104-0.350Q-6.104-0.074-6 0.125Q-5.896 0.323-5.636 0.323Q-5.479 0.323-5.373 0.219Q-5.267 0.114-5.217-0.039Q-5.168-0.193-5.168-0.350L-5.168-0.764L-4.901-0.764L-4.901-0.337Q-4.901-0.111-5 0.099Q-5.099 0.309-5.284 0.441Q-5.468 0.572-5.697 0.572Q-6.135 0.572-6.410 0.335Q-6.685 0.097-6.685-0.337M-3.770 2.261L-3.838 2.261Q-3.872 2.261-3.895 2.235Q-3.917 2.210-3.917 2.175Q-3.917 2.131-3.886 2.114Q-3.531 1.810-3.281 1.420Q-3.031 1.030-2.879 0.598Q-2.727 0.166-2.657-0.303Q-2.587-0.771-2.587-1.246Q-2.587-1.725-2.657-2.191Q-2.727-2.658-2.881-3.093Q-3.035-3.529-3.286-3.917Q-3.537-4.305-3.886-4.599Q-3.917-4.616-3.917-4.661Q-3.917-4.695-3.895-4.720Q-3.872-4.746-3.838-4.746L-3.770-4.746Q-3.760-4.746-3.751-4.744Q-3.742-4.743-3.732-4.739Q-3.189-4.339-2.816-3.786Q-2.444-3.232-2.262-2.586Q-2.081-1.940-2.081-1.246Q-2.081-0.545-2.262 0.102Q-2.444 0.750-2.818 1.304Q-3.192 1.858-3.732 2.254Q-3.742 2.254-3.751 2.256Q-3.760 2.257-3.770 2.261\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(151.487 -11.322)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M3.627-0.750L1.569-0.750L1.569-1.253L3.627-1.253\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(151.487 -11.322)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M9.262 2.254Q8.712 1.854 8.341 1.299Q7.970 0.743 7.789 0.097Q7.608-0.549 7.608-1.246Q7.608-1.759 7.708-2.254Q7.809-2.750 8.014-3.201Q8.219-3.652 8.532-4.044Q8.845-4.435 9.262-4.739Q9.272-4.743 9.279-4.744Q9.286-4.746 9.296-4.746L9.364-4.746Q9.399-4.746 9.421-4.722Q9.443-4.698 9.443-4.661Q9.443-4.616 9.416-4.599Q9.067-4.298 8.814-3.914Q8.561-3.529 8.409-3.088Q8.257-2.647 8.185-2.191Q8.113-1.735 8.113-1.246Q8.113-0.245 8.423 0.642Q8.732 1.529 9.416 2.114Q9.443 2.131 9.443 2.175Q9.443 2.213 9.421 2.237Q9.399 2.261 9.364 2.261L9.296 2.261Q9.289 2.257 9.281 2.256Q9.272 2.254 9.262 2.254M11.073 0.730Q11.073 0.685 11.101 0.630L14.508-3.950Q14.068-3.745 13.592-3.745Q13.005-3.745 12.437-4.032Q12.570-3.721 12.570-3.338Q12.570-3.023 12.458-2.695Q12.345-2.367 12.116-2.147Q11.887-1.926 11.562-1.926Q11.220-1.926 10.959-2.136Q10.697-2.347 10.562-2.675Q10.427-3.003 10.427-3.338Q10.427-3.669 10.562-3.997Q10.697-4.326 10.959-4.536Q11.220-4.746 11.562-4.746Q11.846-4.746 12.095-4.538Q12.417-4.264 12.794-4.117Q13.172-3.970 13.586-3.970Q14.023-3.970 14.413-4.151Q14.802-4.332 15.055-4.678Q15.113-4.746 15.195-4.746Q15.264-4.746 15.313-4.696Q15.363-4.647 15.363-4.579Q15.363-4.534 15.336-4.479L11.388 0.818Q11.333 0.897 11.248 0.897Q11.176 0.897 11.125 0.846Q11.073 0.795 11.073 0.730M11.562-2.148Q11.805-2.148 11.974-2.343Q12.143-2.538 12.224-2.820Q12.304-3.102 12.304-3.338Q12.304-3.505 12.259-3.715Q12.215-3.926 12.130-4.100Q12.044-4.274 11.897-4.397Q11.750-4.520 11.562-4.520Q11.207-4.520 11.080-4.150Q10.954-3.779 10.954-3.338Q10.954-2.893 11.080-2.521Q11.207-2.148 11.562-2.148M15.001 0.897Q14.659 0.897 14.397 0.685Q14.136 0.473 14.001 0.145Q13.866-0.183 13.866-0.518Q13.866-0.850 14.001-1.176Q14.136-1.502 14.397-1.714Q14.659-1.926 15.001-1.926Q15.322-1.926 15.551-1.706Q15.780-1.485 15.894-1.157Q16.009-0.829 16.009-0.518Q16.009-0.204 15.894 0.126Q15.780 0.456 15.551 0.677Q15.322 0.897 15.001 0.897M15.001 0.671Q15.243 0.671 15.414 0.475Q15.585 0.278 15.6640Q15.742-0.279 15.742-0.518Q15.742-0.685 15.698-0.896Q15.653-1.106 15.568-1.280Q15.483-1.454 15.336-1.578Q15.189-1.701 15.001-1.701Q14.645-1.701 14.519-1.330Q14.392-0.959 14.392-0.518Q14.392-0.074 14.519 0.299Q14.645 0.671 15.001 0.671\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(151.487 -11.322)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M20.909 0.477L19.928-2.022Q19.867-2.165 19.749-2.200Q19.631-2.234 19.415-2.234L19.415-2.514L20.895-2.514L20.895-2.234Q20.516-2.234 20.516-2.073Q20.516-2.063 20.530-2.022L21.244-0.190L21.917-1.895Q21.887-1.967 21.887-1.995Q21.887-2.022 21.859-2.022Q21.798-2.169 21.680-2.201Q21.562-2.234 21.350-2.234L21.350-2.514L22.748-2.514L22.748-2.234Q22.372-2.234 22.372-2.073Q22.372-2.042 22.379-2.022L23.134-0.084L23.821-1.834Q23.842-1.885 23.842-1.940Q23.842-2.080 23.729-2.157Q23.616-2.234 23.476-2.234L23.476-2.514L24.696-2.514L24.696-2.234Q24.491-2.234 24.336-2.128Q24.180-2.022 24.108-1.834L23.203 0.477Q23.168 0.572 23.056 0.572L22.987 0.572Q22.878 0.572 22.840 0.477L22.058-1.526L21.271 0.477Q21.237 0.572 21.124 0.572L21.056 0.572Q20.947 0.572 20.909 0.477\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(151.487 -11.322)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M24.973-0.979Q24.973-1.321 25.108-1.620Q25.243-1.919 25.483-2.143Q25.722-2.367 26.040-2.492Q26.358-2.617 26.689-2.617Q27.134-2.617 27.533-2.401Q27.933-2.186 28.168-1.808Q28.402-1.431 28.402-0.979Q28.402-0.638 28.260-0.354Q28.118-0.070 27.874 0.137Q27.629 0.343 27.320 0.458Q27.011 0.572 26.689 0.572Q26.259 0.572 25.857 0.371Q25.455 0.169 25.214-0.183Q24.973-0.535 24.973-0.979M26.689 0.323Q27.291 0.323 27.515-0.055Q27.739-0.433 27.739-1.065Q27.739-1.677 27.504-2.036Q27.270-2.394 26.689-2.394Q25.637-2.394 25.637-1.065Q25.637-0.433 25.862-0.055Q26.088 0.323 26.689 0.323M30.746 0.504L29.010 0.504L29.010 0.224Q29.239 0.224 29.388 0.190Q29.536 0.155 29.536 0.015L29.536-1.834Q29.536-2.104 29.429-2.165Q29.321-2.227 29.010-2.227L29.010-2.507L30.039-2.582L30.039-1.875Q30.169-2.183 30.411-2.382Q30.654-2.582 30.972-2.582Q31.191-2.582 31.362-2.458Q31.533-2.333 31.533-2.121Q31.533-1.984 31.433-1.885Q31.334-1.786 31.201-1.786Q31.064-1.786 30.965-1.885Q30.866-1.984 30.866-2.121Q30.866-2.261 30.965-2.360Q30.675-2.360 30.475-2.164Q30.275-1.967 30.182-1.673Q30.090-1.379 30.090-1.099L30.090 0.015Q30.090 0.224 30.746 0.224L30.746 0.504M32.117 0.497L32.117-0.566Q32.117-0.590 32.144-0.617Q32.172-0.644 32.196-0.644L32.305-0.644Q32.370-0.644 32.384-0.586Q32.479-0.152 32.725 0.099Q32.971 0.350 33.385 0.350Q33.727 0.350 33.980 0.217Q34.233 0.084 34.233-0.224Q34.233-0.381 34.139-0.496Q34.045-0.610 33.906-0.679Q33.768-0.747 33.600-0.785L33.019-0.884Q32.664-0.952 32.390-1.173Q32.117-1.393 32.117-1.735Q32.117-1.984 32.228-2.159Q32.339-2.333 32.525-2.432Q32.712-2.531 32.927-2.574Q33.142-2.617 33.385-2.617Q33.799-2.617 34.079-2.435L34.294-2.610Q34.304-2.613 34.311-2.615Q34.318-2.617 34.328-2.617L34.380-2.617Q34.407-2.617 34.431-2.593Q34.455-2.569 34.455-2.541L34.455-1.694Q34.455-1.673 34.431-1.646Q34.407-1.619 34.380-1.619L34.267-1.619Q34.240-1.619 34.214-1.644Q34.188-1.670 34.188-1.694Q34.188-1.930 34.082-2.094Q33.976-2.258 33.794-2.340Q33.611-2.422 33.378-2.422Q33.050-2.422 32.794-2.319Q32.537-2.217 32.537-1.940Q32.537-1.745 32.720-1.636Q32.903-1.526 33.132-1.485L33.706-1.379Q33.952-1.331 34.166-1.203Q34.380-1.075 34.516-0.872Q34.653-0.668 34.653-0.419Q34.653 0.094 34.287 0.333Q33.922 0.572 33.385 0.572Q32.889 0.572 32.558 0.278L32.291 0.552Q32.271 0.572 32.243 0.572L32.196 0.572Q32.172 0.572 32.144 0.545Q32.117 0.518 32.117 0.497M35.808-0.337L35.808-2.234L35.169-2.234L35.169-2.456Q35.487-2.456 35.704-2.666Q35.921-2.876 36.022-3.186Q36.123-3.495 36.123-3.803L36.389-3.803L36.389-2.514L37.466-2.514L37.466-2.234L36.389-2.234L36.389-0.350Q36.389-0.074 36.494 0.125Q36.598 0.323 36.858 0.323Q37.015 0.323 37.121 0.219Q37.227 0.114 37.276-0.039Q37.326-0.193 37.326-0.350L37.326-0.764L37.593-0.764L37.593-0.337Q37.593-0.111 37.493 0.099Q37.394 0.309 37.210 0.441Q37.025 0.572 36.796 0.572Q36.359 0.572 36.084 0.335Q35.808 0.097 35.808-0.337M38.724 2.261L38.656 2.261Q38.621 2.261 38.599 2.235Q38.577 2.210 38.577 2.175Q38.577 2.131 38.608 2.114Q38.963 1.810 39.213 1.420Q39.462 1.030 39.614 0.598Q39.766 0.166 39.836-0.303Q39.907-0.771 39.907-1.246Q39.907-1.725 39.836-2.191Q39.766-2.658 39.613-3.093Q39.459-3.529 39.208-3.917Q38.956-4.305 38.608-4.599Q38.577-4.616 38.577-4.661Q38.577-4.695 38.599-4.720Q38.621-4.746 38.656-4.746L38.724-4.746Q38.734-4.746 38.743-4.744Q38.751-4.743 38.762-4.739Q39.305-4.339 39.678-3.786Q40.050-3.232 40.231-2.586Q40.412-1.940 40.412-1.246Q40.412-0.545 40.231 0.102Q40.050 0.750 39.676 1.304Q39.302 1.858 38.762 2.254Q38.751 2.254 38.743 2.256Q38.734 2.257 38.724 2.261\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"m65.48 1.927 43.57-9.531\"\u002F>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"m111.004-8.032-3.468-.879 1.514 1.307-.83 1.82\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fsvg>\u003Cfigcaption class=\"tikz-cap\">Best-worst scaling. The annotator sees 4 words and marks only the best (most positive) and worst (least positive); a word's score is the fraction of tuples it was picked best minus the fraction it was picked worst.\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>","\u003Csvg style=\"width:100%;max-width:450.244px;height:auto\" xmlns=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg\" viewBox=\"-75 -75 337.683 79.388\">\u003Cg stroke=\"currentColor\" style=\"stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-width:.4\">\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M11.752-17.17a2 2 0 1 0-4 0 2 2 0 0 0 4 0m-2 0\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\">\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr8\" font-size=\"8\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-157.38 2)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M98.087-17.114L96.063-22.071Q95.981-22.243 95.788-22.290Q95.594-22.337 95.286-22.337L95.286-22.634L97.477-22.634L97.477-22.337Q96.852-22.337 96.852-22.122Q96.856-22.107 96.858-22.093Q96.860-22.079 96.864-22.071L98.524-17.978L100.110-21.857Q100.133-21.903 100.133-21.970Q100.133-22.153 99.964-22.245Q99.794-22.337 99.583-22.337L99.583-22.634L101.294-22.634L101.294-22.337Q100.997-22.337 100.766-22.222Q100.536-22.107 100.430-21.857L98.493-17.114Q98.454-17.001 98.325-17.001L98.255-17.001Q98.126-17.001 98.087-17.114M103.821-18.618L101.567-18.618L101.567-19.169L103.821-19.169\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-157.38 2)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M109.761-15.177Q109.148-15.634 108.746-16.269Q108.343-16.903 108.148-17.649Q107.953-18.396 107.953-19.169Q107.953-19.942 108.148-20.689Q108.343-21.435 108.746-22.069Q109.148-22.704 109.761-23.161Q109.773-23.165 109.781-23.167Q109.789-23.169 109.800-23.169L109.878-23.169Q109.917-23.169 109.943-23.142Q109.968-23.114 109.968-23.071Q109.968-23.021 109.937-23.001Q109.429-22.548 109.107-21.925Q108.785-21.302 108.644-20.607Q108.503-19.911 108.503-19.169Q108.503-18.435 108.642-17.735Q108.781-17.036 109.105-16.411Q109.429-15.786 109.937-15.337Q109.968-15.317 109.968-15.267Q109.968-15.224 109.943-15.196Q109.917-15.169 109.878-15.169L109.800-15.169Q109.792-15.173 109.783-15.175Q109.773-15.177 109.761-15.177M112.617-17.169L110.761-17.169L110.761-17.466Q111.035-17.466 111.203-17.513Q111.371-17.560 111.371-17.728L111.371-19.864Q111.371-20.079 111.308-20.175Q111.246-20.271 111.126-20.292Q111.007-20.314 110.761-20.314L110.761-20.610L111.953-20.696L111.953-19.962Q112.066-20.177 112.259-20.345Q112.453-20.513 112.691-20.605Q112.929-20.696 113.183-20.696Q114.351-20.696 114.351-19.618L114.351-17.728Q114.351-17.560 114.521-17.513Q114.691-17.466 114.960-17.466L114.960-17.169L113.105-17.169L113.105-17.466Q113.378-17.466 113.546-17.513Q113.714-17.560 113.714-17.728L113.714-19.603Q113.714-19.985 113.593-20.214Q113.472-20.442 113.121-20.442Q112.808-20.442 112.554-20.280Q112.300-20.118 112.154-19.849Q112.007-19.579 112.007-19.282L112.007-17.728Q112.007-17.560 112.177-17.513Q112.347-17.466 112.617-17.466L112.617-17.169M115.406-18.923Q115.406-19.403 115.638-19.819Q115.871-20.235 116.281-20.485Q116.691-20.735 117.167-20.735Q117.898-20.735 118.296-20.294Q118.695-19.853 118.695-19.122Q118.695-19.017 118.601-18.993L116.152-18.993L116.152-18.923Q116.152-18.513 116.273-18.157Q116.394-17.802 116.665-17.585Q116.937-17.368 117.367-17.368Q117.730-17.368 118.027-17.597Q118.324-17.825 118.425-18.177Q118.433-18.224 118.519-18.239L118.601-18.239Q118.695-18.212 118.695-18.130Q118.695-18.122 118.687-18.091Q118.624-17.864 118.486-17.681Q118.347-17.497 118.156-17.364Q117.964-17.232 117.746-17.161Q117.527-17.091 117.289-17.091Q116.917-17.091 116.580-17.228Q116.242-17.364 115.974-17.616Q115.707-17.868 115.556-18.208Q115.406-18.548 115.406-18.923M116.160-19.232L118.121-19.232Q118.121-19.536 118.019-19.827Q117.917-20.118 117.701-20.300Q117.484-20.482 117.167-20.482Q116.867-20.482 116.636-20.294Q116.406-20.107 116.283-19.815Q116.160-19.524 116.160-19.232M119.183-16.560Q119.183-16.841 119.394-17.052Q119.605-17.263 119.890-17.353Q119.734-17.478 119.656-17.667Q119.578-17.857 119.578-18.056Q119.578-18.411 119.808-18.704Q119.441-19.044 119.441-19.513Q119.441-19.864 119.644-20.134Q119.847-20.403 120.167-20.550Q120.488-20.696 120.832-20.696Q121.351-20.696 121.722-20.415Q122.085-20.786 122.632-20.786Q122.812-20.786 122.939-20.659Q123.066-20.532 123.066-20.353Q123.066-20.247 122.988-20.169Q122.910-20.091 122.800-20.091Q122.691-20.091 122.615-20.167Q122.539-20.243 122.539-20.353Q122.539-20.454 122.578-20.505Q122.585-20.513 122.589-20.519Q122.593-20.524 122.593-20.528Q122.218-20.528 121.898-20.274Q122.218-19.935 122.218-19.513Q122.218-19.243 122.101-19.026Q121.984-18.810 121.779-18.651Q121.574-18.493 121.332-18.411Q121.089-18.329 120.832-18.329Q120.613-18.329 120.400-18.388Q120.187-18.446 119.992-18.567Q119.898-18.427 119.898-18.247Q119.898-18.040 120.035-17.888Q120.171-17.735 120.378-17.735L121.074-17.735Q121.562-17.735 121.974-17.651Q122.386-17.567 122.665-17.310Q122.945-17.052 122.945-16.560Q122.945-16.196 122.624-15.964Q122.304-15.732 121.863-15.630Q121.421-15.528 121.066-15.528Q120.710-15.528 120.267-15.630Q119.824-15.732 119.503-15.964Q119.183-16.196 119.183-16.560M119.687-16.560Q119.687-16.364 119.832-16.216Q119.976-16.067 120.189-15.978Q120.402-15.888 120.642-15.841Q120.882-15.794 121.066-15.794Q121.308-15.794 121.638-15.872Q121.968-15.950 122.205-16.124Q122.441-16.298 122.441-16.560Q122.441-16.966 122.031-17.075Q121.621-17.185 121.058-17.185L120.378-17.185Q120.109-17.185 119.898-17.007Q119.687-16.829 119.687-16.560M120.832-18.595Q121.554-18.595 121.554-19.513Q121.554-20.435 120.832-20.435Q120.105-20.435 120.105-19.513Q120.105-18.595 120.832-18.595\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-157.38 2)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M126.314-18.896Q126.314-19.392 126.564-19.817Q126.814-20.243 127.234-20.489Q127.654-20.735 128.154-20.735Q128.693-20.735 129.084-20.610Q129.474-20.485 129.474-20.071Q129.474-19.966 129.424-19.874Q129.373-19.782 129.281-19.732Q129.189-19.681 129.080-19.681Q128.974-19.681 128.883-19.732Q128.791-19.782 128.740-19.874Q128.689-19.966 128.689-20.071Q128.689-20.294 128.857-20.399Q128.635-20.458 128.162-20.458Q127.865-20.458 127.650-20.319Q127.435-20.181 127.304-19.950Q127.174-19.720 127.115-19.450Q127.056-19.181 127.056-18.896Q127.056-18.501 127.189-18.151Q127.322-17.802 127.594-17.585Q127.865-17.368 128.263-17.368Q128.638-17.368 128.914-17.585Q129.189-17.802 129.291-18.161Q129.306-18.224 129.369-18.224L129.474-18.224Q129.510-18.224 129.535-18.196Q129.560-18.169 129.560-18.130L129.560-18.107Q129.428-17.626 129.043-17.358Q128.658-17.091 128.154-17.091Q127.791-17.091 127.457-17.228Q127.123-17.364 126.863-17.614Q126.603-17.864 126.459-18.200Q126.314-18.536 126.314-18.896M130.049-18.923Q130.049-19.403 130.281-19.819Q130.513-20.235 130.924-20.485Q131.334-20.735 131.810-20.735Q132.541-20.735 132.939-20.294Q133.338-19.853 133.338-19.122Q133.338-19.017 133.244-18.993L130.795-18.993L130.795-18.923Q130.795-18.513 130.916-18.157Q131.037-17.802 131.308-17.585Q131.580-17.368 132.010-17.368Q132.373-17.368 132.670-17.597Q132.967-17.825 133.068-18.177Q133.076-18.224 133.162-18.239L133.244-18.239Q133.338-18.212 133.338-18.130Q133.338-18.122 133.330-18.091Q133.267-17.864 133.129-17.681Q132.990-17.497 132.799-17.364Q132.607-17.232 132.388-17.161Q132.170-17.091 131.931-17.091Q131.560-17.091 131.222-17.228Q130.885-17.364 130.617-17.616Q130.349-17.868 130.199-18.208Q130.049-18.548 130.049-18.923M130.803-19.232L132.763-19.232Q132.763-19.536 132.662-19.827Q132.560-20.118 132.344-20.300Q132.127-20.482 131.810-20.482Q131.510-20.482 131.279-20.294Q131.049-20.107 130.926-19.815Q130.803-19.524 130.803-19.232M135.756-17.169L133.900-17.169L133.900-17.466Q134.174-17.466 134.342-17.513Q134.510-17.560 134.510-17.728L134.510-19.864Q134.510-20.079 134.447-20.175Q134.385-20.271 134.265-20.292Q134.146-20.314 133.900-20.314L133.900-20.610L135.092-20.696L135.092-19.962Q135.205-20.177 135.398-20.345Q135.592-20.513 135.830-20.605Q136.068-20.696 136.322-20.696Q137.490-20.696 137.490-19.618L137.490-17.728Q137.490-17.560 137.660-17.513Q137.830-17.466 138.099-17.466L138.099-17.169L136.244-17.169L136.244-17.466Q136.517-17.466 136.685-17.513Q136.853-17.560 136.853-17.728L136.853-19.603Q136.853-19.985 136.732-20.214Q136.611-20.442 136.260-20.442Q135.947-20.442 135.693-20.280Q135.439-20.118 135.293-19.849Q135.146-19.579 135.146-19.282L135.146-17.728Q135.146-17.560 135.316-17.513Q135.486-17.466 135.756-17.466\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-157.38 2)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M138.938-18.130L138.938-20.321L138.235-20.321L138.235-20.575Q138.591-20.575 138.833-20.808Q139.075-21.040 139.186-21.388Q139.298-21.735 139.298-22.091L139.579-22.091L139.579-20.618L140.755-20.618L140.755-20.321L139.579-20.321L139.579-18.146Q139.579-17.825 139.698-17.597Q139.817-17.368 140.098-17.368Q140.278-17.368 140.395-17.491Q140.512-17.614 140.565-17.794Q140.618-17.974 140.618-18.146L140.618-18.618L140.899-18.618L140.899-18.130Q140.899-17.876 140.794-17.636Q140.688-17.396 140.491-17.243Q140.294-17.091 140.036-17.091Q139.720-17.091 139.468-17.214Q139.216-17.337 139.077-17.571Q138.938-17.806 138.938-18.130M143.626-17.169L141.645-17.169L141.645-17.466Q141.915-17.466 142.083-17.511Q142.251-17.556 142.251-17.728L142.251-19.864Q142.251-20.079 142.188-20.175Q142.126-20.271 142.009-20.292Q141.891-20.314 141.645-20.314L141.645-20.610L142.813-20.696L142.813-19.911Q142.891-20.122 143.044-20.308Q143.196-20.493 143.395-20.595Q143.595-20.696 143.821-20.696Q144.067-20.696 144.259-20.552Q144.450-20.407 144.450-20.177Q144.450-20.021 144.345-19.911Q144.239-19.802 144.083-19.802Q143.927-19.802 143.817-19.911Q143.708-20.021 143.708-20.177Q143.708-20.337 143.813-20.442Q143.489-20.442 143.274-20.214Q143.059-19.985 142.964-19.646Q142.868-19.306 142.868-19.001L142.868-17.728Q142.868-17.560 143.095-17.513Q143.321-17.466 143.626-17.466L143.626-17.169M144.930-18.864Q144.930-19.368 145.186-19.800Q145.442-20.232 145.878-20.483Q146.313-20.735 146.813-20.735Q147.200-20.735 147.542-20.591Q147.884-20.446 148.145-20.185Q148.407-19.923 148.550-19.587Q148.692-19.251 148.692-18.864Q148.692-18.372 148.429-17.962Q148.165-17.552 147.735-17.321Q147.305-17.091 146.813-17.091Q146.321-17.091 145.887-17.323Q145.454-17.556 145.192-17.964Q144.930-18.372 144.930-18.864M146.813-17.368Q147.270-17.368 147.522-17.591Q147.774-17.814 147.862-18.165Q147.950-18.517 147.950-18.962Q147.950-19.392 147.856-19.730Q147.762-20.067 147.509-20.274Q147.255-20.482 146.813-20.482Q146.165-20.482 145.921-20.065Q145.677-19.649 145.677-18.962Q145.677-18.517 145.764-18.165Q145.852-17.814 146.104-17.591Q146.356-17.368 146.813-17.368M151.036-17.169L149.259-17.169L149.259-17.466Q149.532-17.466 149.700-17.513Q149.868-17.560 149.868-17.728L149.868-19.864Q149.868-20.079 149.811-20.175Q149.755-20.271 149.641-20.292Q149.528-20.314 149.282-20.314L149.282-20.610L150.481-20.696L150.481-17.728Q150.481-17.560 150.628-17.513Q150.774-17.466 151.036-17.466L151.036-17.169M149.595-22.091Q149.595-22.282 149.729-22.413Q149.864-22.544 150.059-22.544Q150.180-22.544 150.284-22.482Q150.387-22.419 150.450-22.315Q150.512-22.212 150.512-22.091Q150.512-21.896 150.382-21.761Q150.251-21.626 150.059-21.626Q149.860-21.626 149.727-21.759Q149.595-21.892 149.595-22.091M153.352-17.091Q152.872-17.091 152.464-17.335Q152.055-17.579 151.817-17.993Q151.579-18.407 151.579-18.896Q151.579-19.388 151.837-19.804Q152.095-20.220 152.526-20.458Q152.958-20.696 153.450-20.696Q154.071-20.696 154.520-20.259L154.520-21.888Q154.520-22.103 154.458-22.198Q154.395-22.294 154.278-22.315Q154.161-22.337 153.915-22.337L153.915-22.634L155.137-22.720L155.137-17.911Q155.137-17.700 155.200-17.605Q155.262-17.509 155.380-17.487Q155.497-17.466 155.747-17.466L155.747-17.169L154.497-17.091L154.497-17.575Q154.032-17.091 153.352-17.091M153.419-17.345Q153.759-17.345 154.052-17.536Q154.345-17.728 154.497-18.024L154.497-19.857Q154.348-20.130 154.087-20.286Q153.825-20.442 153.512-20.442Q152.887-20.442 152.604-19.995Q152.321-19.548 152.321-18.888Q152.321-18.243 152.573-17.794Q152.825-17.345 153.419-17.345M156.657-15.169L156.575-15.169Q156.540-15.169 156.514-15.198Q156.489-15.228 156.489-15.267Q156.489-15.317 156.520-15.337Q156.907-15.673 157.190-16.122Q157.473-16.571 157.639-17.071Q157.805-17.571 157.880-18.089Q157.954-18.607 157.954-19.169Q157.954-19.739 157.880-20.255Q157.805-20.771 157.639-21.267Q157.473-21.763 157.194-22.210Q156.915-22.657 156.520-23.001Q156.489-23.021 156.489-23.071Q156.489-23.110 156.514-23.140Q156.540-23.169 156.575-23.169L156.657-23.169Q156.669-23.169 156.679-23.167Q156.688-23.165 156.696-23.161Q157.309-22.704 157.712-22.069Q158.114-21.435 158.309-20.689Q158.505-19.942 158.505-19.169Q158.505-18.396 158.309-17.649Q158.114-16.903 157.712-16.269Q157.309-15.634 156.696-15.177Q156.684-15.177 156.677-15.175Q156.669-15.173 156.657-15.169\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M182.469-17.17a2 2 0 1 0-4 0 2 2 0 0 0 4 0m-2 0\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr8\" font-size=\"8\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(93.159 2)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M98.087-17.114L96.063-22.071Q95.981-22.243 95.788-22.290Q95.594-22.337 95.286-22.337L95.286-22.634L97.477-22.634L97.477-22.337Q96.852-22.337 96.852-22.122Q96.856-22.107 96.858-22.093Q96.860-22.079 96.864-22.071L98.524-17.978L100.110-21.857Q100.133-21.903 100.133-21.970Q100.133-22.153 99.964-22.245Q99.794-22.337 99.583-22.337L99.583-22.634L101.294-22.634L101.294-22.337Q100.997-22.337 100.766-22.222Q100.536-22.107 100.430-21.857L98.493-17.114Q98.454-17.001 98.325-17.001L98.255-17.001Q98.126-17.001 98.087-17.114M104.590-18.985L102.118-18.985Q102.040-18.997 101.991-19.046Q101.942-19.095 101.942-19.169Q101.942-19.243 101.991-19.292Q102.040-19.341 102.118-19.353L104.590-19.353L104.590-21.833Q104.618-22.001 104.774-22.001Q104.848-22.001 104.897-21.952Q104.946-21.903 104.958-21.833L104.958-19.353L107.430-19.353Q107.598-19.321 107.598-19.169Q107.598-19.017 107.430-18.985L104.958-18.985L104.958-16.505Q104.946-16.435 104.897-16.386Q104.848-16.337 104.774-16.337Q104.618-16.337 104.590-16.505\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(93.159 2)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M113.539-15.177Q112.926-15.634 112.524-16.269Q112.121-16.903 111.926-17.649Q111.731-18.396 111.731-19.169Q111.731-19.942 111.926-20.689Q112.121-21.435 112.524-22.069Q112.926-22.704 113.539-23.161Q113.551-23.165 113.559-23.167Q113.567-23.169 113.578-23.169L113.656-23.169Q113.695-23.169 113.721-23.142Q113.746-23.114 113.746-23.071Q113.746-23.021 113.715-23.001Q113.207-22.548 112.885-21.925Q112.563-21.302 112.422-20.607Q112.281-19.911 112.281-19.169Q112.281-18.435 112.420-17.735Q112.559-17.036 112.883-16.411Q113.207-15.786 113.715-15.337Q113.746-15.317 113.746-15.267Q113.746-15.224 113.721-15.196Q113.695-15.169 113.656-15.169L113.578-15.169Q113.570-15.173 113.561-15.175Q113.551-15.177 113.539-15.177M116.348-15.618L114.492-15.618L114.492-15.911Q114.762-15.911 114.930-15.956Q115.098-16.001 115.098-16.177L115.098-20.001Q115.098-20.208 114.942-20.261Q114.785-20.314 114.492-20.314L114.492-20.610L115.715-20.696L115.715-20.232Q115.945-20.454 116.260-20.575Q116.574-20.696 116.914-20.696Q117.387-20.696 117.791-20.450Q118.195-20.204 118.428-19.788Q118.660-19.372 118.660-18.896Q118.660-18.521 118.512-18.192Q118.363-17.864 118.094-17.612Q117.824-17.360 117.481-17.226Q117.137-17.091 116.777-17.091Q116.488-17.091 116.217-17.212Q115.945-17.333 115.738-17.544L115.738-16.177Q115.738-16.001 115.906-15.956Q116.074-15.911 116.348-15.911L116.348-15.618M115.738-19.833L115.738-17.993Q115.891-17.704 116.152-17.524Q116.414-17.345 116.723-17.345Q117.008-17.345 117.231-17.483Q117.453-17.622 117.606-17.853Q117.758-18.083 117.836-18.355Q117.914-18.626 117.914-18.896Q117.914-19.228 117.789-19.585Q117.664-19.942 117.416-20.179Q117.168-20.415 116.820-20.415Q116.496-20.415 116.201-20.259Q115.906-20.103 115.738-19.833\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(93.159 2)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M119.424-18.864Q119.424-19.368 119.680-19.800Q119.936-20.232 120.372-20.483Q120.807-20.735 121.307-20.735Q121.694-20.735 122.036-20.591Q122.377-20.446 122.639-20.185Q122.901-19.923 123.043-19.587Q123.186-19.251 123.186-18.864Q123.186-18.372 122.922-17.962Q122.659-17.552 122.229-17.321Q121.799-17.091 121.307-17.091Q120.815-17.091 120.381-17.323Q119.948-17.556 119.686-17.964Q119.424-18.372 119.424-18.864M121.307-17.368Q121.764-17.368 122.016-17.591Q122.268-17.814 122.356-18.165Q122.444-18.517 122.444-18.962Q122.444-19.392 122.350-19.730Q122.256-20.067 122.002-20.274Q121.749-20.482 121.307-20.482Q120.659-20.482 120.415-20.065Q120.170-19.649 120.170-18.962Q120.170-18.517 120.258-18.165Q120.346-17.814 120.598-17.591Q120.850-17.368 121.307-17.368M123.713-17.177L123.713-18.399Q123.713-18.427 123.745-18.458Q123.776-18.489 123.799-18.489L123.905-18.489Q123.975-18.489 123.991-18.427Q124.053-18.107 124.192-17.866Q124.331-17.626 124.563-17.485Q124.795-17.345 125.104-17.345Q125.342-17.345 125.551-17.405Q125.760-17.466 125.897-17.614Q126.034-17.763 126.034-18.009Q126.034-18.263 125.823-18.429Q125.612-18.595 125.342-18.649L124.721-18.763Q124.315-18.841 124.014-19.097Q123.713-19.353 123.713-19.728Q123.713-20.095 123.915-20.317Q124.116-20.540 124.440-20.638Q124.764-20.735 125.104-20.735Q125.569-20.735 125.866-20.528L126.088-20.712Q126.112-20.735 126.143-20.735L126.194-20.735Q126.225-20.735 126.252-20.708Q126.280-20.681 126.280-20.649L126.280-19.665Q126.280-19.634 126.254-19.605Q126.229-19.575 126.194-19.575L126.088-19.575Q126.053-19.575 126.026-19.603Q125.999-19.630 125.999-19.665Q125.999-20.064 125.747-20.284Q125.495-20.505 125.096-20.505Q124.741-20.505 124.457-20.382Q124.174-20.259 124.174-19.954Q124.174-19.735 124.375-19.603Q124.577-19.470 124.823-19.427L125.448-19.314Q125.877-19.224 126.186-18.927Q126.495-18.630 126.495-18.216Q126.495-17.646 126.096-17.368Q125.698-17.091 125.104-17.091Q124.553-17.091 124.202-17.427L123.905-17.114Q123.881-17.091 123.846-17.091L123.799-17.091Q123.776-17.091 123.745-17.122Q123.713-17.153 123.713-17.177\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(93.159 2)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M129.903-18.896Q129.903-19.392 130.153-19.817Q130.403-20.243 130.823-20.489Q131.243-20.735 131.743-20.735Q132.282-20.735 132.673-20.610Q133.063-20.485 133.063-20.071Q133.063-19.966 133.013-19.874Q132.962-19.782 132.870-19.732Q132.778-19.681 132.669-19.681Q132.563-19.681 132.472-19.732Q132.380-19.782 132.329-19.874Q132.278-19.966 132.278-20.071Q132.278-20.294 132.446-20.399Q132.224-20.458 131.751-20.458Q131.454-20.458 131.239-20.319Q131.024-20.181 130.893-19.950Q130.763-19.720 130.704-19.450Q130.645-19.181 130.645-18.896Q130.645-18.501 130.778-18.151Q130.911-17.802 131.183-17.585Q131.454-17.368 131.852-17.368Q132.227-17.368 132.503-17.585Q132.778-17.802 132.880-18.161Q132.895-18.224 132.958-18.224L133.063-18.224Q133.099-18.224 133.124-18.196Q133.149-18.169 133.149-18.130L133.149-18.107Q133.017-17.626 132.632-17.358Q132.247-17.091 131.743-17.091Q131.380-17.091 131.046-17.228Q130.712-17.364 130.452-17.614Q130.192-17.864 130.048-18.200Q129.903-18.536 129.903-18.896M133.638-18.923Q133.638-19.403 133.870-19.819Q134.102-20.235 134.513-20.485Q134.923-20.735 135.399-20.735Q136.130-20.735 136.528-20.294Q136.927-19.853 136.927-19.122Q136.927-19.017 136.833-18.993L134.384-18.993L134.384-18.923Q134.384-18.513 134.505-18.157Q134.626-17.802 134.897-17.585Q135.169-17.368 135.599-17.368Q135.962-17.368 136.259-17.597Q136.556-17.825 136.657-18.177Q136.665-18.224 136.751-18.239L136.833-18.239Q136.927-18.212 136.927-18.130Q136.927-18.122 136.919-18.091Q136.856-17.864 136.718-17.681Q136.579-17.497 136.388-17.364Q136.196-17.232 135.977-17.161Q135.759-17.091 135.520-17.091Q135.149-17.091 134.811-17.228Q134.474-17.364 134.206-17.616Q133.938-17.868 133.788-18.208Q133.638-18.548 133.638-18.923M134.392-19.232L136.352-19.232Q136.352-19.536 136.251-19.827Q136.149-20.118 135.933-20.300Q135.716-20.482 135.399-20.482Q135.099-20.482 134.868-20.294Q134.638-20.107 134.515-19.815Q134.392-19.524 134.392-19.232M139.345-17.169L137.489-17.169L137.489-17.466Q137.763-17.466 137.931-17.513Q138.099-17.560 138.099-17.728L138.099-19.864Q138.099-20.079 138.036-20.175Q137.974-20.271 137.854-20.292Q137.735-20.314 137.489-20.314L137.489-20.610L138.681-20.696L138.681-19.962Q138.794-20.177 138.987-20.345Q139.181-20.513 139.419-20.605Q139.657-20.696 139.911-20.696Q141.079-20.696 141.079-19.618L141.079-17.728Q141.079-17.560 141.249-17.513Q141.419-17.466 141.688-17.466L141.688-17.169L139.833-17.169L139.833-17.466Q140.106-17.466 140.274-17.513Q140.442-17.560 140.442-17.728L140.442-19.603Q140.442-19.985 140.321-20.214Q140.200-20.442 139.849-20.442Q139.536-20.442 139.282-20.280Q139.028-20.118 138.882-19.849Q138.735-19.579 138.735-19.282L138.735-17.728Q138.735-17.560 138.905-17.513Q139.075-17.466 139.345-17.466\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(93.159 2)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M142.527-18.130L142.527-20.321L141.824-20.321L141.824-20.575Q142.180-20.575 142.422-20.808Q142.664-21.040 142.775-21.388Q142.887-21.735 142.887-22.091L143.168-22.091L143.168-20.618L144.344-20.618L144.344-20.321L143.168-20.321L143.168-18.146Q143.168-17.825 143.287-17.597Q143.406-17.368 143.687-17.368Q143.867-17.368 143.984-17.491Q144.101-17.614 144.154-17.794Q144.207-17.974 144.207-18.146L144.207-18.618L144.488-18.618L144.488-18.130Q144.488-17.876 144.383-17.636Q144.277-17.396 144.080-17.243Q143.883-17.091 143.625-17.091Q143.309-17.091 143.057-17.214Q142.805-17.337 142.666-17.571Q142.527-17.806 142.527-18.130M147.215-17.169L145.234-17.169L145.234-17.466Q145.504-17.466 145.672-17.511Q145.840-17.556 145.840-17.728L145.840-19.864Q145.840-20.079 145.777-20.175Q145.715-20.271 145.598-20.292Q145.480-20.314 145.234-20.314L145.234-20.610L146.402-20.696L146.402-19.911Q146.480-20.122 146.633-20.308Q146.785-20.493 146.984-20.595Q147.184-20.696 147.410-20.696Q147.656-20.696 147.848-20.552Q148.039-20.407 148.039-20.177Q148.039-20.021 147.934-19.911Q147.828-19.802 147.672-19.802Q147.516-19.802 147.406-19.911Q147.297-20.021 147.297-20.177Q147.297-20.337 147.402-20.442Q147.078-20.442 146.863-20.214Q146.648-19.985 146.553-19.646Q146.457-19.306 146.457-19.001L146.457-17.728Q146.457-17.560 146.684-17.513Q146.910-17.466 147.215-17.466L147.215-17.169M148.519-18.864Q148.519-19.368 148.775-19.800Q149.031-20.232 149.467-20.483Q149.902-20.735 150.402-20.735Q150.789-20.735 151.131-20.591Q151.473-20.446 151.734-20.185Q151.996-19.923 152.139-19.587Q152.281-19.251 152.281-18.864Q152.281-18.372 152.018-17.962Q151.754-17.552 151.324-17.321Q150.894-17.091 150.402-17.091Q149.910-17.091 149.476-17.323Q149.043-17.556 148.781-17.964Q148.519-18.372 148.519-18.864M150.402-17.368Q150.859-17.368 151.111-17.591Q151.363-17.814 151.451-18.165Q151.539-18.517 151.539-18.962Q151.539-19.392 151.445-19.730Q151.351-20.067 151.098-20.274Q150.844-20.482 150.402-20.482Q149.754-20.482 149.510-20.065Q149.266-19.649 149.266-18.962Q149.266-18.517 149.353-18.165Q149.441-17.814 149.693-17.591Q149.945-17.368 150.402-17.368M154.625-17.169L152.848-17.169L152.848-17.466Q153.121-17.466 153.289-17.513Q153.457-17.560 153.457-17.728L153.457-19.864Q153.457-20.079 153.400-20.175Q153.344-20.271 153.230-20.292Q153.117-20.314 152.871-20.314L152.871-20.610L154.070-20.696L154.070-17.728Q154.070-17.560 154.217-17.513Q154.363-17.466 154.625-17.466L154.625-17.169M153.184-22.091Q153.184-22.282 153.318-22.413Q153.453-22.544 153.648-22.544Q153.769-22.544 153.873-22.482Q153.976-22.419 154.039-22.315Q154.101-22.212 154.101-22.091Q154.101-21.896 153.971-21.761Q153.840-21.626 153.648-21.626Q153.449-21.626 153.316-21.759Q153.184-21.892 153.184-22.091M156.941-17.091Q156.461-17.091 156.053-17.335Q155.644-17.579 155.406-17.993Q155.168-18.407 155.168-18.896Q155.168-19.388 155.426-19.804Q155.684-20.220 156.115-20.458Q156.547-20.696 157.039-20.696Q157.660-20.696 158.109-20.259L158.109-21.888Q158.109-22.103 158.047-22.198Q157.984-22.294 157.867-22.315Q157.750-22.337 157.504-22.337L157.504-22.634L158.726-22.720L158.726-17.911Q158.726-17.700 158.789-17.605Q158.851-17.509 158.969-17.487Q159.086-17.466 159.336-17.466L159.336-17.169L158.086-17.091L158.086-17.575Q157.621-17.091 156.941-17.091M157.008-17.345Q157.348-17.345 157.641-17.536Q157.934-17.728 158.086-18.024L158.086-19.857Q157.937-20.130 157.676-20.286Q157.414-20.442 157.101-20.442Q156.476-20.442 156.193-19.995Q155.910-19.548 155.910-18.888Q155.910-18.243 156.162-17.794Q156.414-17.345 157.008-17.345M160.246-15.169L160.164-15.169Q160.129-15.169 160.103-15.198Q160.078-15.228 160.078-15.267Q160.078-15.317 160.109-15.337Q160.496-15.673 160.779-16.122Q161.062-16.571 161.228-17.071Q161.394-17.571 161.469-18.089Q161.543-18.607 161.543-19.169Q161.543-19.739 161.469-20.255Q161.394-20.771 161.228-21.267Q161.062-21.763 160.783-22.210Q160.504-22.657 160.109-23.001Q160.078-23.021 160.078-23.071Q160.078-23.110 160.103-23.140Q160.129-23.169 160.164-23.169L160.246-23.169Q160.258-23.169 160.268-23.167Q160.277-23.165 160.285-23.161Q160.898-22.704 161.301-22.069Q161.703-21.435 161.898-20.689Q162.094-19.942 162.094-19.169Q162.094-18.396 161.898-17.649Q161.703-16.903 161.301-16.269Q160.898-15.634 160.285-15.177Q160.273-15.177 160.266-15.175Q160.258-15.173 160.246-15.169\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg style=\"stroke-width:1.2\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M9.752-17.17H177.27\"\u002F>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"m180.469-17.17-5.12-2.56 1.92 2.56-1.92 2.56\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr8\" font-size=\"8\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-51.181 14.12)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M95.391-17.177L95.391-18.399Q95.391-18.427 95.422-18.458Q95.454-18.489 95.477-18.489L95.583-18.489Q95.653-18.489 95.669-18.427Q95.731-18.107 95.870-17.866Q96.008-17.626 96.241-17.485Q96.473-17.345 96.782-17.345Q97.020-17.345 97.229-17.405Q97.438-17.466 97.575-17.614Q97.712-17.763 97.712-18.009Q97.712-18.263 97.501-18.429Q97.290-18.595 97.020-18.649L96.399-18.763Q95.993-18.841 95.692-19.097Q95.391-19.353 95.391-19.728Q95.391-20.095 95.592-20.317Q95.794-20.540 96.118-20.638Q96.442-20.735 96.782-20.735Q97.247-20.735 97.544-20.528L97.766-20.712Q97.790-20.735 97.821-20.735L97.872-20.735Q97.903-20.735 97.930-20.708Q97.958-20.681 97.958-20.649L97.958-19.665Q97.958-19.634 97.932-19.605Q97.907-19.575 97.872-19.575L97.766-19.575Q97.731-19.575 97.704-19.603Q97.676-19.630 97.676-19.665Q97.676-20.064 97.424-20.284Q97.172-20.505 96.774-20.505Q96.419-20.505 96.135-20.382Q95.852-20.259 95.852-19.954Q95.852-19.735 96.053-19.603Q96.255-19.470 96.501-19.427L97.126-19.314Q97.555-19.224 97.864-18.927Q98.172-18.630 98.172-18.216Q98.172-17.646 97.774-17.368Q97.376-17.091 96.782-17.091Q96.231-17.091 95.880-17.427L95.583-17.114Q95.559-17.091 95.524-17.091L95.477-17.091Q95.454-17.091 95.422-17.122Q95.391-17.153 95.391-17.177M98.700-18.923Q98.700-19.403 98.932-19.819Q99.165-20.235 99.575-20.485Q99.985-20.735 100.462-20.735Q101.192-20.735 101.590-20.294Q101.989-19.853 101.989-19.122Q101.989-19.017 101.895-18.993L99.446-18.993L99.446-18.923Q99.446-18.513 99.567-18.157Q99.688-17.802 99.960-17.585Q100.231-17.368 100.661-17.368Q101.024-17.368 101.321-17.597Q101.618-17.825 101.719-18.177Q101.727-18.224 101.813-18.239L101.895-18.239Q101.989-18.212 101.989-18.130Q101.989-18.122 101.981-18.091Q101.919-17.864 101.780-17.681Q101.641-17.497 101.450-17.364Q101.258-17.232 101.040-17.161Q100.821-17.091 100.583-17.091Q100.212-17.091 99.874-17.228Q99.536-17.364 99.268-17.616Q99.001-17.868 98.850-18.208Q98.700-18.548 98.700-18.923M99.454-19.232L101.415-19.232Q101.415-19.536 101.313-19.827Q101.212-20.118 100.995-20.300Q100.778-20.482 100.462-20.482Q100.161-20.482 99.930-20.294Q99.700-20.107 99.577-19.815Q99.454-19.524 99.454-19.232M104.407-17.169L102.551-17.169L102.551-17.466Q102.825-17.466 102.993-17.513Q103.161-17.560 103.161-17.728L103.161-19.864Q103.161-20.079 103.098-20.175Q103.036-20.271 102.917-20.292Q102.797-20.314 102.551-20.314L102.551-20.610L103.743-20.696L103.743-19.962Q103.856-20.177 104.049-20.345Q104.243-20.513 104.481-20.605Q104.719-20.696 104.973-20.696Q105.934-20.696 106.110-19.985Q106.294-20.314 106.622-20.505Q106.950-20.696 107.329-20.696Q108.505-20.696 108.505-19.618L108.505-17.728Q108.505-17.560 108.672-17.513Q108.840-17.466 109.110-17.466L109.110-17.169L107.255-17.169L107.255-17.466Q107.528-17.466 107.696-17.511Q107.864-17.556 107.864-17.728L107.864-19.603Q107.864-19.989 107.739-20.216Q107.614-20.442 107.262-20.442Q106.958-20.442 106.702-20.280Q106.446-20.118 106.297-19.849Q106.149-19.579 106.149-19.282L106.149-17.728Q106.149-17.560 106.319-17.513Q106.489-17.466 106.758-17.466L106.758-17.169L104.903-17.169L104.903-17.466Q105.176-17.466 105.344-17.513Q105.512-17.560 105.512-17.728L105.512-19.603Q105.512-19.989 105.387-20.216Q105.262-20.442 104.911-20.442Q104.606-20.442 104.350-20.280Q104.094-20.118 103.946-19.849Q103.797-19.579 103.797-19.282L103.797-17.728Q103.797-17.560 103.967-17.513Q104.137-17.466 104.407-17.466L104.407-17.169M109.653-18.001Q109.653-18.485 110.055-18.780Q110.458-19.075 111.008-19.194Q111.559-19.314 112.051-19.314L112.051-19.603Q112.051-19.829 111.936-20.036Q111.821-20.243 111.624-20.362Q111.426-20.482 111.196-20.482Q110.770-20.482 110.485-20.376Q110.555-20.349 110.602-20.294Q110.649-20.239 110.674-20.169Q110.700-20.099 110.700-20.024Q110.700-19.919 110.649-19.827Q110.598-19.735 110.506-19.685Q110.415-19.634 110.309-19.634Q110.204-19.634 110.112-19.685Q110.020-19.735 109.969-19.827Q109.919-19.919 109.919-20.024Q109.919-20.442 110.307-20.589Q110.696-20.735 111.196-20.735Q111.528-20.735 111.881-20.605Q112.235-20.474 112.464-20.220Q112.692-19.966 112.692-19.618L112.692-17.817Q112.692-17.685 112.764-17.575Q112.837-17.466 112.965-17.466Q113.090-17.466 113.159-17.571Q113.227-17.677 113.227-17.817L113.227-18.329L113.508-18.329L113.508-17.817Q113.508-17.614 113.391-17.456Q113.274-17.298 113.092-17.214Q112.911-17.130 112.708-17.130Q112.477-17.130 112.325-17.302Q112.172-17.474 112.141-17.704Q111.981-17.423 111.672-17.257Q111.364-17.091 111.012-17.091Q110.501-17.091 110.077-17.314Q109.653-17.536 109.653-18.001M110.340-18.001Q110.340-17.716 110.567-17.530Q110.794-17.345 111.087-17.345Q111.333-17.345 111.557-17.462Q111.782-17.579 111.917-17.782Q112.051-17.985 112.051-18.239L112.051-19.071Q111.786-19.071 111.501-19.017Q111.215-18.962 110.944-18.833Q110.672-18.704 110.506-18.497Q110.340-18.290 110.340-18.001M115.731-17.169L113.876-17.169L113.876-17.466Q114.149-17.466 114.317-17.513Q114.485-17.560 114.485-17.728L114.485-19.864Q114.485-20.079 114.422-20.175Q114.360-20.271 114.241-20.292Q114.122-20.314 113.876-20.314L113.876-20.610L115.067-20.696L115.067-19.962Q115.180-20.177 115.374-20.345Q115.567-20.513 115.805-20.605Q116.044-20.696 116.297-20.696Q117.465-20.696 117.465-19.618L117.465-17.728Q117.465-17.560 117.635-17.513Q117.805-17.466 118.075-17.466L118.075-17.169L116.219-17.169L116.219-17.466Q116.493-17.466 116.661-17.513Q116.829-17.560 116.829-17.728L116.829-19.603Q116.829-19.985 116.708-20.214Q116.587-20.442 116.235-20.442Q115.922-20.442 115.669-20.280Q115.415-20.118 115.268-19.849Q115.122-19.579 115.122-19.282L115.122-17.728Q115.122-17.560 115.292-17.513Q115.462-17.466 115.731-17.466\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-51.181 14.12)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M118.924-18.130L118.924-20.321L118.221-20.321L118.221-20.575Q118.577-20.575 118.819-20.808Q119.061-21.040 119.172-21.388Q119.284-21.735 119.284-22.091L119.565-22.091L119.565-20.618L120.741-20.618L120.741-20.321L119.565-20.321L119.565-18.146Q119.565-17.825 119.684-17.597Q119.803-17.368 120.084-17.368Q120.264-17.368 120.381-17.491Q120.499-17.614 120.551-17.794Q120.604-17.974 120.604-18.146L120.604-18.618L120.885-18.618L120.885-18.130Q120.885-17.876 120.780-17.636Q120.674-17.396 120.477-17.243Q120.280-17.091 120.022-17.091Q119.706-17.091 119.454-17.214Q119.202-17.337 119.063-17.571Q118.924-17.806 118.924-18.130M123.463-17.169L121.686-17.169L121.686-17.466Q121.959-17.466 122.127-17.513Q122.295-17.560 122.295-17.728L122.295-19.864Q122.295-20.079 122.239-20.175Q122.182-20.271 122.069-20.292Q121.956-20.314 121.709-20.314L121.709-20.610L122.909-20.696L122.909-17.728Q122.909-17.560 123.055-17.513Q123.202-17.466 123.463-17.466L123.463-17.169M122.022-22.091Q122.022-22.282 122.157-22.413Q122.291-22.544 122.487-22.544Q122.608-22.544 122.711-22.482Q122.815-22.419 122.877-22.315Q122.940-22.212 122.940-22.091Q122.940-21.896 122.809-21.761Q122.678-21.626 122.487-21.626Q122.288-21.626 122.155-21.759Q122.022-21.892 122.022-22.091M124.006-18.896Q124.006-19.392 124.256-19.817Q124.506-20.243 124.926-20.489Q125.346-20.735 125.846-20.735Q126.385-20.735 126.776-20.610Q127.166-20.485 127.166-20.071Q127.166-19.966 127.116-19.874Q127.065-19.782 126.973-19.732Q126.881-19.681 126.772-19.681Q126.666-19.681 126.575-19.732Q126.483-19.782 126.432-19.874Q126.381-19.966 126.381-20.071Q126.381-20.294 126.549-20.399Q126.327-20.458 125.854-20.458Q125.557-20.458 125.342-20.319Q125.127-20.181 124.997-19.950Q124.866-19.720 124.807-19.450Q124.749-19.181 124.749-18.896Q124.749-18.501 124.881-18.151Q125.014-17.802 125.286-17.585Q125.557-17.368 125.956-17.368Q126.331-17.368 126.606-17.585Q126.881-17.802 126.983-18.161Q126.999-18.224 127.061-18.224L127.166-18.224Q127.202-18.224 127.227-18.196Q127.252-18.169 127.252-18.130L127.252-18.107Q127.120-17.626 126.735-17.358Q126.350-17.091 125.846-17.091Q125.483-17.091 125.149-17.228Q124.815-17.364 124.555-17.614Q124.295-17.864 124.151-18.200Q124.006-18.536 124.006-18.896\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-51.181 14.12)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M130.675-18.001Q130.675-18.485 131.077-18.780Q131.480-19.075 132.030-19.194Q132.581-19.314 133.073-19.314L133.073-19.603Q133.073-19.829 132.958-20.036Q132.843-20.243 132.646-20.362Q132.448-20.482 132.218-20.482Q131.792-20.482 131.507-20.376Q131.577-20.349 131.624-20.294Q131.671-20.239 131.696-20.169Q131.722-20.099 131.722-20.024Q131.722-19.919 131.671-19.827Q131.620-19.735 131.528-19.685Q131.437-19.634 131.331-19.634Q131.226-19.634 131.134-19.685Q131.042-19.735 130.991-19.827Q130.941-19.919 130.941-20.024Q130.941-20.442 131.329-20.589Q131.718-20.735 132.218-20.735Q132.550-20.735 132.903-20.605Q133.257-20.474 133.485-20.220Q133.714-19.966 133.714-19.618L133.714-17.817Q133.714-17.685 133.786-17.575Q133.859-17.466 133.987-17.466Q134.112-17.466 134.181-17.571Q134.249-17.677 134.249-17.817L134.249-18.329L134.530-18.329L134.530-17.817Q134.530-17.614 134.413-17.456Q134.296-17.298 134.114-17.214Q133.933-17.130 133.730-17.130Q133.499-17.130 133.347-17.302Q133.194-17.474 133.163-17.704Q133.003-17.423 132.694-17.257Q132.386-17.091 132.034-17.091Q131.523-17.091 131.099-17.314Q130.675-17.536 130.675-18.001M131.362-18.001Q131.362-17.716 131.589-17.530Q131.816-17.345 132.109-17.345Q132.355-17.345 132.579-17.462Q132.804-17.579 132.939-17.782Q133.073-17.985 133.073-18.239L133.073-19.071Q132.808-19.071 132.523-19.017Q132.237-18.962 131.966-18.833Q131.694-18.704 131.528-18.497Q131.362-18.290 131.362-18.001M136.210-17.169L134.714-17.169L134.714-17.466Q135.347-17.466 135.769-17.946L136.538-18.857L135.546-20.056Q135.390-20.235 135.228-20.278Q135.066-20.321 134.761-20.321L134.761-20.618L136.448-20.618L136.448-20.321Q136.355-20.321 136.278-20.278Q136.202-20.235 136.202-20.146Q136.202-20.103 136.234-20.056L136.890-19.267L137.370-19.841Q137.487-19.978 137.487-20.114Q137.487-20.204 137.437-20.263Q137.386-20.321 137.304-20.321L137.304-20.618L138.792-20.618L138.792-20.321Q138.155-20.321 137.745-19.841L137.066-19.040L138.151-17.728Q138.312-17.552 138.472-17.509Q138.632-17.466 138.937-17.466L138.937-17.169L137.249-17.169L137.249-17.466Q137.339-17.466 137.417-17.509Q137.495-17.552 137.495-17.642Q137.495-17.665 137.464-17.728L136.722-18.634L136.136-17.946Q136.019-17.810 136.019-17.673Q136.019-17.587 136.069-17.526Q136.120-17.466 136.210-17.466L136.210-17.169M141.163-17.169L139.386-17.169L139.386-17.466Q139.659-17.466 139.827-17.513Q139.995-17.560 139.995-17.728L139.995-19.864Q139.995-20.079 139.939-20.175Q139.882-20.271 139.769-20.292Q139.655-20.314 139.409-20.314L139.409-20.610L140.609-20.696L140.609-17.728Q140.609-17.560 140.755-17.513Q140.901-17.466 141.163-17.466L141.163-17.169M139.722-22.091Q139.722-22.282 139.857-22.413Q139.991-22.544 140.187-22.544Q140.308-22.544 140.411-22.482Q140.515-22.419 140.577-22.315Q140.640-22.212 140.640-22.091Q140.640-21.896 140.509-21.761Q140.378-21.626 140.187-21.626Q139.987-21.626 139.855-21.759Q139.722-21.892 139.722-22.091M141.706-17.177L141.706-18.399Q141.706-18.427 141.737-18.458Q141.769-18.489 141.792-18.489L141.898-18.489Q141.968-18.489 141.984-18.427Q142.046-18.107 142.185-17.866Q142.323-17.626 142.556-17.485Q142.788-17.345 143.097-17.345Q143.335-17.345 143.544-17.405Q143.753-17.466 143.890-17.614Q144.026-17.763 144.026-18.009Q144.026-18.263 143.816-18.429Q143.605-18.595 143.335-18.649L142.714-18.763Q142.308-18.841 142.007-19.097Q141.706-19.353 141.706-19.728Q141.706-20.095 141.907-20.317Q142.109-20.540 142.433-20.638Q142.757-20.735 143.097-20.735Q143.562-20.735 143.859-20.528L144.081-20.712Q144.105-20.735 144.136-20.735L144.187-20.735Q144.218-20.735 144.245-20.708Q144.273-20.681 144.273-20.649L144.273-19.665Q144.273-19.634 144.247-19.605Q144.222-19.575 144.187-19.575L144.081-19.575Q144.046-19.575 144.019-19.603Q143.991-19.630 143.991-19.665Q143.991-20.064 143.739-20.284Q143.487-20.505 143.089-20.505Q142.734-20.505 142.450-20.382Q142.167-20.259 142.167-19.954Q142.167-19.735 142.368-19.603Q142.569-19.470 142.816-19.427L143.441-19.314Q143.870-19.224 144.179-18.927Q144.487-18.630 144.487-18.216Q144.487-17.646 144.089-17.368Q143.691-17.091 143.097-17.091Q142.546-17.091 142.194-17.427L141.898-17.114Q141.874-17.091 141.839-17.091L141.792-17.091Q141.769-17.091 141.737-17.122Q141.706-17.153 141.706-17.177\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-51.181 14.12)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M150.599-17.114L148.575-22.071Q148.493-22.243 148.300-22.290Q148.106-22.337 147.798-22.337L147.798-22.634L149.989-22.634L149.989-22.337Q149.364-22.337 149.364-22.122Q149.368-22.107 149.370-22.093Q149.372-22.079 149.376-22.071L151.036-17.978L152.622-21.857Q152.645-21.903 152.645-21.970Q152.645-22.153 152.476-22.245Q152.306-22.337 152.095-22.337L152.095-22.634L153.806-22.634L153.806-22.337Q153.509-22.337 153.278-22.222Q153.048-22.107 152.942-21.857L151.005-17.114Q150.966-17.001 150.837-17.001L150.767-17.001Q150.638-17.001 150.599-17.114M157.102-18.985L154.630-18.985Q154.552-18.997 154.503-19.046Q154.454-19.095 154.454-19.169Q154.454-19.243 154.503-19.292Q154.552-19.341 154.630-19.353L157.102-19.353L157.102-21.833Q157.130-22.001 157.286-22.001Q157.360-22.001 157.409-21.952Q157.458-21.903 157.470-21.833L157.470-19.353L159.942-19.353Q160.110-19.321 160.110-19.169Q160.110-19.017 159.942-18.985L157.470-18.985L157.470-16.505Q157.458-16.435 157.409-16.386Q157.360-16.337 157.286-16.337Q157.130-16.337 157.102-16.505\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-51.181 14.12)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M165.602-17.169L163.746-17.169L163.746-17.466Q164.020-17.466 164.188-17.513Q164.356-17.560 164.356-17.728L164.356-19.864Q164.356-20.079 164.293-20.175Q164.231-20.271 164.112-20.292Q163.993-20.314 163.746-20.314L163.746-20.610L164.938-20.696L164.938-19.962Q165.051-20.177 165.245-20.345Q165.438-20.513 165.676-20.605Q165.914-20.696 166.168-20.696Q167.129-20.696 167.305-19.985Q167.489-20.314 167.817-20.505Q168.145-20.696 168.524-20.696Q169.700-20.696 169.700-19.618L169.700-17.728Q169.700-17.560 169.868-17.513Q170.036-17.466 170.305-17.466L170.305-17.169L168.450-17.169L168.450-17.466Q168.723-17.466 168.891-17.511Q169.059-17.556 169.059-17.728L169.059-19.603Q169.059-19.989 168.934-20.216Q168.809-20.442 168.457-20.442Q168.153-20.442 167.897-20.280Q167.641-20.118 167.493-19.849Q167.344-19.579 167.344-19.282L167.344-17.728Q167.344-17.560 167.514-17.513Q167.684-17.466 167.954-17.466L167.954-17.169L166.098-17.169L166.098-17.466Q166.371-17.466 166.539-17.513Q166.707-17.560 166.707-17.728L166.707-19.603Q166.707-19.989 166.582-20.216Q166.457-20.442 166.106-20.442Q165.801-20.442 165.545-20.280Q165.289-20.118 165.141-19.849Q164.993-19.579 164.993-19.282L164.993-17.728Q164.993-17.560 165.163-17.513Q165.332-17.466 165.602-17.466L165.602-17.169M172.610-17.169L170.832-17.169L170.832-17.466Q171.106-17.466 171.274-17.513Q171.442-17.560 171.442-17.728L171.442-19.864Q171.442-20.079 171.385-20.175Q171.329-20.271 171.215-20.292Q171.102-20.314 170.856-20.314L170.856-20.610L172.055-20.696L172.055-17.728Q172.055-17.560 172.202-17.513Q172.348-17.466 172.610-17.466L172.610-17.169M171.168-22.091Q171.168-22.282 171.303-22.413Q171.438-22.544 171.633-22.544Q171.754-22.544 171.858-22.482Q171.961-22.419 172.024-22.315Q172.086-22.212 172.086-22.091Q172.086-21.896 171.955-21.761Q171.825-21.626 171.633-21.626Q171.434-21.626 171.301-21.759Q171.168-21.892 171.168-22.091M175.039-17.169L173.184-17.169L173.184-17.466Q173.457-17.466 173.625-17.513Q173.793-17.560 173.793-17.728L173.793-19.864Q173.793-20.079 173.731-20.175Q173.668-20.271 173.549-20.292Q173.430-20.314 173.184-20.314L173.184-20.610L174.375-20.696L174.375-19.962Q174.489-20.177 174.682-20.345Q174.875-20.513 175.114-20.605Q175.352-20.696 175.606-20.696Q176.774-20.696 176.774-19.618L176.774-17.728Q176.774-17.560 176.944-17.513Q177.114-17.466 177.383-17.466L177.383-17.169L175.528-17.169L175.528-17.466Q175.801-17.466 175.969-17.513Q176.137-17.560 176.137-17.728L176.137-19.603Q176.137-19.985 176.016-20.214Q175.895-20.442 175.543-20.442Q175.231-20.442 174.977-20.280Q174.723-20.118 174.577-19.849Q174.430-19.579 174.430-19.282L174.430-17.728Q174.430-17.560 174.600-17.513Q174.770-17.466 175.039-17.466\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-51.181 14.12)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M178.286-18.122L178.286-19.864Q178.286-20.079 178.223-20.175Q178.161-20.271 178.042-20.292Q177.923-20.314 177.677-20.314L177.677-20.610L178.923-20.696L178.923-18.146L178.923-18.122Q178.923-17.810 178.977-17.648Q179.032-17.485 179.182-17.415Q179.333-17.345 179.653-17.345Q180.083-17.345 180.356-17.683Q180.630-18.021 180.630-18.466L180.630-19.864Q180.630-20.079 180.567-20.175Q180.505-20.271 180.385-20.292Q180.266-20.314 180.020-20.314L180.020-20.610L181.266-20.696L181.266-17.911Q181.266-17.700 181.329-17.605Q181.391-17.509 181.510-17.487Q181.630-17.466 181.876-17.466L181.876-17.169L180.653-17.091L180.653-17.712Q180.485-17.423 180.204-17.257Q179.923-17.091 179.602-17.091Q178.286-17.091 178.286-18.122M182.364-17.177L182.364-18.399Q182.364-18.427 182.395-18.458Q182.427-18.489 182.450-18.489L182.555-18.489Q182.626-18.489 182.641-18.427Q182.704-18.107 182.843-17.866Q182.981-17.626 183.214-17.485Q183.446-17.345 183.755-17.345Q183.993-17.345 184.202-17.405Q184.411-17.466 184.548-17.614Q184.684-17.763 184.684-18.009Q184.684-18.263 184.473-18.429Q184.262-18.595 183.993-18.649L183.372-18.763Q182.966-18.841 182.665-19.097Q182.364-19.353 182.364-19.728Q182.364-20.095 182.565-20.317Q182.766-20.540 183.091-20.638Q183.415-20.735 183.755-20.735Q184.219-20.735 184.516-20.528L184.739-20.712Q184.762-20.735 184.794-20.735L184.844-20.735Q184.876-20.735 184.903-20.708Q184.930-20.681 184.930-20.649L184.930-19.665Q184.930-19.634 184.905-19.605Q184.880-19.575 184.844-19.575L184.739-19.575Q184.704-19.575 184.677-19.603Q184.649-19.630 184.649-19.665Q184.649-20.064 184.397-20.284Q184.145-20.505 183.747-20.505Q183.391-20.505 183.108-20.382Q182.825-20.259 182.825-19.954Q182.825-19.735 183.026-19.603Q183.227-19.470 183.473-19.427L184.098-19.314Q184.528-19.224 184.837-18.927Q185.145-18.630 185.145-18.216Q185.145-17.646 184.747-17.368Q184.348-17.091 183.755-17.091Q183.204-17.091 182.852-17.427L182.555-17.114Q182.532-17.091 182.497-17.091L182.450-17.091Q182.427-17.091 182.395-17.122Q182.364-17.153 182.364-17.177\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-51.181 14.12)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M191.250-17.114L189.226-22.071Q189.144-22.243 188.951-22.290Q188.757-22.337 188.449-22.337L188.449-22.634L190.640-22.634L190.640-22.337Q190.015-22.337 190.015-22.122Q190.019-22.107 190.021-22.093Q190.023-22.079 190.027-22.071L191.687-17.978L193.273-21.857Q193.296-21.903 193.296-21.970Q193.296-22.153 193.127-22.245Q192.957-22.337 192.746-22.337L192.746-22.634L194.457-22.634L194.457-22.337Q194.160-22.337 193.929-22.222Q193.699-22.107 193.593-21.857L191.656-17.114Q191.617-17.001 191.488-17.001L191.418-17.001Q191.289-17.001 191.250-17.114M196.984-18.618L194.730-18.618L194.730-19.169L196.984-19.169\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"M136.944-59.849a2 2 0 1 0-4 0 2 2 0 0 0 4 0m-2 0\"\u002F>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr8\" font-size=\"8\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(43.367 -46.212)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M96.934-17.200L95.864-20.056Q95.797-20.235 95.667-20.278Q95.536-20.321 95.278-20.321L95.278-20.618L96.958-20.618L96.958-20.321Q96.508-20.321 96.508-20.122Q96.512-20.107 96.514-20.089Q96.516-20.071 96.516-20.056L97.309-17.962L98.020-19.872Q97.985-19.966 97.985-20.011Q97.985-20.056 97.950-20.056Q97.883-20.235 97.753-20.278Q97.622-20.321 97.368-20.321L97.368-20.618L98.958-20.618L98.958-20.321Q98.508-20.321 98.508-20.122Q98.512-20.103 98.514-20.085Q98.516-20.067 98.516-20.056L99.348-17.841L100.102-19.841Q100.126-19.899 100.126-19.970Q100.126-20.130 99.989-20.226Q99.852-20.321 99.684-20.321L99.684-20.618L101.071-20.618L101.071-20.321Q100.837-20.321 100.659-20.194Q100.481-20.067 100.399-19.841L99.415-17.200Q99.360-17.091 99.247-17.091L99.188-17.091Q99.075-17.091 99.032-17.200L98.172-19.474L97.317-17.200Q97.278-17.091 97.157-17.091L97.102-17.091Q96.989-17.091 96.934-17.200\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(43.367 -46.212)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M101.251-18.864Q101.251-19.368 101.507-19.800Q101.763-20.232 102.199-20.483Q102.634-20.735 103.134-20.735Q103.521-20.735 103.863-20.591Q104.204-20.446 104.466-20.185Q104.728-19.923 104.870-19.587Q105.013-19.251 105.013-18.864Q105.013-18.372 104.749-17.962Q104.486-17.552 104.056-17.321Q103.626-17.091 103.134-17.091Q102.642-17.091 102.208-17.323Q101.775-17.556 101.513-17.964Q101.251-18.372 101.251-18.864M103.134-17.368Q103.591-17.368 103.843-17.591Q104.095-17.814 104.183-18.165Q104.271-18.517 104.271-18.962Q104.271-19.392 104.177-19.730Q104.083-20.067 103.829-20.274Q103.576-20.482 103.134-20.482Q102.486-20.482 102.242-20.065Q101.997-19.649 101.997-18.962Q101.997-18.517 102.085-18.165Q102.173-17.814 102.425-17.591Q102.677-17.368 103.134-17.368M107.505-17.169L105.525-17.169L105.525-17.466Q105.794-17.466 105.962-17.511Q106.130-17.556 106.130-17.728L106.130-19.864Q106.130-20.079 106.068-20.175Q106.005-20.271 105.888-20.292Q105.771-20.314 105.525-20.314L105.525-20.610L106.693-20.696L106.693-19.911Q106.771-20.122 106.923-20.308Q107.076-20.493 107.275-20.595Q107.474-20.696 107.701-20.696Q107.947-20.696 108.138-20.552Q108.329-20.407 108.329-20.177Q108.329-20.021 108.224-19.911Q108.118-19.802 107.962-19.802Q107.806-19.802 107.697-19.911Q107.587-20.021 107.587-20.177Q107.587-20.337 107.693-20.442Q107.368-20.442 107.154-20.214Q106.939-19.985 106.843-19.646Q106.747-19.306 106.747-19.001L106.747-17.728Q106.747-17.560 106.974-17.513Q107.201-17.466 107.505-17.466L107.505-17.169M110.626-17.091Q110.146-17.091 109.738-17.335Q109.329-17.579 109.091-17.993Q108.853-18.407 108.853-18.896Q108.853-19.388 109.111-19.804Q109.368-20.220 109.800-20.458Q110.232-20.696 110.724-20.696Q111.345-20.696 111.794-20.259L111.794-21.888Q111.794-22.103 111.732-22.198Q111.669-22.294 111.552-22.315Q111.435-22.337 111.189-22.337L111.189-22.634L112.411-22.720L112.411-17.911Q112.411-17.700 112.474-17.605Q112.536-17.509 112.654-17.487Q112.771-17.466 113.021-17.466L113.021-17.169L111.771-17.091L111.771-17.575Q111.306-17.091 110.626-17.091M110.693-17.345Q111.033-17.345 111.326-17.536Q111.618-17.728 111.771-18.024L111.771-19.857Q111.622-20.130 111.361-20.286Q111.099-20.442 110.786-20.442Q110.161-20.442 109.878-19.995Q109.595-19.548 109.595-18.888Q109.595-18.243 109.847-17.794Q110.099-17.345 110.693-17.345\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(43.367 -46.212)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M117.955-17.200L116.885-20.056Q116.819-20.235 116.688-20.278Q116.557-20.321 116.299-20.321L116.299-20.618L117.979-20.618L117.979-20.321Q117.529-20.321 117.529-20.122Q117.533-20.107 117.535-20.089Q117.537-20.071 117.537-20.056L118.330-17.962L119.041-19.872Q119.006-19.966 119.006-20.011Q119.006-20.056 118.971-20.056Q118.904-20.235 118.774-20.278Q118.643-20.321 118.389-20.321L118.389-20.618L119.979-20.618L119.979-20.321Q119.529-20.321 119.529-20.122Q119.533-20.103 119.535-20.085Q119.537-20.067 119.537-20.056L120.369-17.841L121.123-19.841Q121.147-19.899 121.147-19.970Q121.147-20.130 121.010-20.226Q120.873-20.321 120.705-20.321L120.705-20.618L122.092-20.618L122.092-20.321Q121.858-20.321 121.680-20.194Q121.502-20.067 121.420-19.841L120.436-17.200Q120.381-17.091 120.268-17.091L120.209-17.091Q120.096-17.091 120.053-17.200L119.194-19.474L118.338-17.200Q118.299-17.091 118.178-17.091L118.123-17.091Q118.010-17.091 117.955-17.200\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M134.944-59.849v42.68\" style=\"stroke-dasharray:3.0,3.0\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"m95.11-17.17 38.47-41.216\"\u002F>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"m134.944-59.849-3.353 1.248 1.988.215.351 1.968\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-.95 -26.623)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M99.892-17.169L95.489-17.169L95.489-17.449Q96.211-17.449 96.211-17.658L96.211-21.459Q96.211-21.670 95.489-21.670L95.489-21.951L99.779-21.951L99.987-20.314L99.724-20.314Q99.666-20.785 99.564-21.050Q99.461-21.315 99.277-21.448Q99.092-21.582 98.820-21.626Q98.548-21.670 98.049-21.670L97.267-21.670Q97.079-21.670 96.990-21.636Q96.901-21.602 96.901-21.459L96.901-19.794L97.475-19.794Q97.865-19.794 98.048-19.845Q98.231-19.897 98.313-20.069Q98.395-20.242 98.395-20.614L98.658-20.614L98.658-18.693L98.395-18.693Q98.395-19.066 98.313-19.239Q98.231-19.411 98.048-19.462Q97.865-19.514 97.475-19.514L96.901-19.514L96.901-17.658Q96.901-17.518 96.990-17.483Q97.079-17.449 97.267-17.449L98.114-17.449Q98.644-17.449 98.954-17.518Q99.263-17.586 99.451-17.753Q99.639-17.921 99.746-18.223Q99.854-18.526 99.940-19.039L100.206-19.039L99.892-17.169M102.923-15.419Q102.373-15.819 102.002-16.374Q101.631-16.930 101.450-17.576Q101.269-18.222 101.269-18.919Q101.269-19.432 101.370-19.927Q101.471-20.423 101.676-20.874Q101.881-21.325 102.194-21.717Q102.506-22.108 102.923-22.412Q102.934-22.416 102.941-22.417Q102.947-22.419 102.958-22.419L103.026-22.419Q103.060-22.419 103.082-22.395Q103.105-22.371 103.105-22.334Q103.105-22.289 103.077-22.272Q102.729-21.971 102.476-21.587Q102.223-21.202 102.071-20.761Q101.919-20.320 101.847-19.864Q101.775-19.408 101.775-18.919Q101.775-17.918 102.084-17.031Q102.394-16.144 103.077-15.559Q103.105-15.542 103.105-15.498Q103.105-15.460 103.082-15.436Q103.060-15.412 103.026-15.412L102.958-15.412Q102.951-15.416 102.942-15.417Q102.934-15.419 102.923-15.419M105.302-17.196L104.321-19.695Q104.260-19.838 104.142-19.873Q104.024-19.907 103.809-19.907L103.809-20.187L105.289-20.187L105.289-19.907Q104.909-19.907 104.909-19.746Q104.909-19.736 104.923-19.695L105.637-17.863L106.311-19.568Q106.280-19.640 106.280-19.668Q106.280-19.695 106.253-19.695Q106.191-19.842 106.073-19.874Q105.955-19.907 105.743-19.907L105.743-20.187L107.141-20.187L107.141-19.907Q106.765-19.907 106.765-19.746Q106.765-19.715 106.772-19.695L107.527-17.757L108.214-19.507Q108.235-19.558 108.235-19.613Q108.235-19.753 108.122-19.830Q108.009-19.907 107.869-19.907L107.869-20.187L109.089-20.187L109.089-19.907Q108.884-19.907 108.729-19.801Q108.573-19.695 108.502-19.507L107.596-17.196Q107.562-17.101 107.449-17.101L107.381-17.101Q107.271-17.101 107.234-17.196L106.451-19.199L105.665-17.196Q105.631-17.101 105.518-17.101L105.449-17.101Q105.340-17.101 105.302-17.196M109.941-15.412L109.872-15.412Q109.838-15.412 109.816-15.438Q109.794-15.463 109.794-15.498Q109.794-15.542 109.824-15.559Q110.180-15.863 110.429-16.253Q110.679-16.643 110.831-17.075Q110.983-17.507 111.053-17.976Q111.123-18.444 111.123-18.919Q111.123-19.398 111.053-19.864Q110.983-20.331 110.829-20.766Q110.675-21.202 110.424-21.590Q110.173-21.978 109.824-22.272Q109.794-22.289 109.794-22.334Q109.794-22.368 109.816-22.393Q109.838-22.419 109.872-22.419L109.941-22.419Q109.951-22.419 109.959-22.417Q109.968-22.416 109.978-22.412Q110.522-22.012 110.894-21.459Q111.267-20.905 111.448-20.259Q111.629-19.613 111.629-18.919Q111.629-18.218 111.448-17.571Q111.267-16.923 110.892-16.369Q110.518-15.815 109.978-15.419Q109.968-15.419 109.959-15.417Q109.951-15.416 109.941-15.412\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" d=\"M115.027-17.17a19.92 19.92 0 0 0-6.333-14.566\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(21.675 -6.46)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M95.424-18.680Q95.424-19.008 95.559-19.309Q95.694-19.609 95.930-19.830Q96.166-20.050 96.470-20.170Q96.775-20.290 97.099-20.290Q97.605-20.290 97.954-20.187Q98.302-20.085 98.302-19.709Q98.302-19.562 98.205-19.461Q98.108-19.360 97.961-19.360Q97.807-19.360 97.708-19.459Q97.609-19.558 97.609-19.709Q97.609-19.897 97.749-19.989Q97.547-20.040 97.106-20.040Q96.751-20.040 96.522-19.844Q96.293-19.647 96.192-19.338Q96.091-19.028 96.091-18.680Q96.091-18.331 96.217-18.025Q96.344-17.719 96.599-17.535Q96.853-17.350 97.209-17.350Q97.431-17.350 97.615-17.434Q97.800-17.518 97.935-17.673Q98.070-17.829 98.128-18.037Q98.142-18.092 98.196-18.092L98.309-18.092Q98.340-18.092 98.362-18.068Q98.384-18.044 98.384-18.010L98.384-17.989Q98.299-17.702 98.111-17.504Q97.923-17.306 97.658-17.203Q97.393-17.101 97.099-17.101Q96.669-17.101 96.281-17.307Q95.893-17.514 95.659-17.877Q95.424-18.239 95.424-18.680M98.931-18.652Q98.931-18.994 99.066-19.293Q99.201-19.592 99.441-19.816Q99.680-20.040 99.998-20.165Q100.316-20.290 100.647-20.290Q101.091-20.290 101.491-20.074Q101.891-19.859 102.125-19.481Q102.360-19.104 102.360-18.652Q102.360-18.311 102.218-18.027Q102.076-17.743 101.831-17.536Q101.587-17.330 101.278-17.215Q100.968-17.101 100.647-17.101Q100.216-17.101 99.815-17.302Q99.413-17.504 99.172-17.856Q98.931-18.208 98.931-18.652M100.647-17.350Q101.249-17.350 101.473-17.728Q101.696-18.106 101.696-18.738Q101.696-19.350 101.462-19.709Q101.228-20.067 100.647-20.067Q99.594-20.067 99.594-18.738Q99.594-18.106 99.820-17.728Q100.046-17.350 100.647-17.350M102.954-17.176L102.954-18.239Q102.954-18.263 102.982-18.290Q103.009-18.317 103.033-18.317L103.142-18.317Q103.207-18.317 103.221-18.259Q103.317-17.825 103.563-17.574Q103.809-17.323 104.222-17.323Q104.564-17.323 104.817-17.456Q105.070-17.589 105.070-17.897Q105.070-18.054 104.976-18.169Q104.882-18.283 104.744-18.352Q104.605-18.420 104.438-18.458L103.857-18.557Q103.501-18.625 103.228-18.846Q102.954-19.066 102.954-19.408Q102.954-19.657 103.065-19.832Q103.176-20.006 103.363-20.105Q103.549-20.204 103.764-20.247Q103.980-20.290 104.222-20.290Q104.636-20.290 104.916-20.108L105.131-20.283Q105.142-20.286 105.149-20.288Q105.155-20.290 105.166-20.290L105.217-20.290Q105.244-20.290 105.268-20.266Q105.292-20.242 105.292-20.214L105.292-19.367Q105.292-19.346 105.268-19.319Q105.244-19.292 105.217-19.292L105.104-19.292Q105.077-19.292 105.051-19.317Q105.026-19.343 105.026-19.367Q105.026-19.603 104.920-19.767Q104.814-19.931 104.631-20.013Q104.448-20.095 104.215-20.095Q103.887-20.095 103.631-19.992Q103.375-19.890 103.375-19.613Q103.375-19.418 103.558-19.309Q103.740-19.199 103.969-19.158L104.544-19.052Q104.790-19.004 105.003-18.876Q105.217-18.748 105.354-18.545Q105.490-18.341 105.490-18.092Q105.490-17.579 105.125-17.340Q104.759-17.101 104.222-17.101Q103.727-17.101 103.395-17.395L103.129-17.121Q103.108-17.101 103.081-17.101L103.033-17.101Q103.009-17.101 102.982-17.128Q102.954-17.155 102.954-17.176\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fsvg>\u003Cfigcaption class=\"tikz-cap\">The semantic-axis method. Average the positive-seed embeddings and the negative-seed embeddings into pole vectors, subtract to get the axis, then score each word by the cosine between its embedding and the axis.\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>","\u003Csvg style=\"width:100%;max-width:318.203px;height:auto\" xmlns=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg\" viewBox=\"-75 -75 238.652 92.788\">\u003Cg stroke=\"currentColor\" style=\"stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-width:.4\">\u003Cg stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cg style=\"stroke-width:1.4\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-29.993-47.598a8.536 8.536 0 1 0-17.072 0 8.536 8.536 0 0 0 17.072 0Zm-8.536 0\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-bg)\" d=\"M-29.993-47.598a8.536 8.536 0 1 0-17.072 0 8.536 8.536 0 0 0 17.072 0Zm-8.536 0\" style=\"stroke-width:.6\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-92.146 -23.177)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M48.811-21.991L47.208-21.991L47.208-22.271Q47.434-22.271 47.583-22.305Q47.731-22.340 47.731-22.480L47.731-26.099Q47.731-26.369 47.624-26.431Q47.516-26.492 47.208-26.492L47.208-26.773L48.285-26.848L48.285-22.480Q48.285-22.343 48.435-22.307Q48.586-22.271 48.811-22.271L48.811-21.991M49.365-23.474Q49.365-23.816 49.500-24.115Q49.635-24.414 49.874-24.638Q50.114-24.862 50.432-24.987Q50.749-25.112 51.081-25.112Q51.525-25.112 51.925-24.896Q52.325-24.681 52.559-24.303Q52.793-23.926 52.793-23.474Q52.793-23.133 52.652-22.849Q52.510-22.565 52.265-22.358Q52.021-22.152 51.712-22.037Q51.402-21.923 51.081-21.923Q50.650-21.923 50.249-22.124Q49.847-22.326 49.606-22.678Q49.365-23.030 49.365-23.474M51.081-22.172Q51.683-22.172 51.906-22.550Q52.130-22.928 52.130-23.560Q52.130-24.172 51.896-24.531Q51.662-24.889 51.081-24.889Q50.028-24.889 50.028-23.560Q50.028-22.928 50.254-22.550Q50.479-22.172 51.081-22.172\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-92.146 -23.177)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M54.768-22.018L53.640-24.517Q53.568-24.664 53.438-24.696Q53.308-24.729 53.079-24.729L53.079-25.009L54.593-25.009L54.593-24.729Q54.241-24.729 54.241-24.582Q54.241-24.537 54.252-24.517L55.116-22.599L55.896-24.329Q55.930-24.397 55.930-24.476Q55.930-24.589 55.846-24.659Q55.762-24.729 55.643-24.729L55.643-25.009L56.839-25.009L56.839-24.729Q56.620-24.729 56.449-24.626Q56.279-24.524 56.190-24.329L55.154-22.018Q55.106-21.923 55-21.923L54.922-21.923Q54.816-21.923 54.768-22.018\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-92.146 -23.177)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M57.123-23.526Q57.123-23.847 57.248-24.136Q57.373-24.425 57.599-24.648Q57.824-24.872 58.120-24.992Q58.415-25.112 58.733-25.112Q59.061-25.112 59.323-25.012Q59.584-24.913 59.760-24.731Q59.936-24.548 60.030-24.290Q60.124-24.032 60.124-23.700Q60.124-23.608 60.042-23.587L57.787-23.587L57.787-23.526Q57.787-22.938 58.070-22.555Q58.354-22.172 58.921-22.172Q59.243-22.172 59.511-22.365Q59.779-22.558 59.868-22.873Q59.875-22.914 59.950-22.928L60.042-22.928Q60.124-22.904 60.124-22.832Q60.124-22.825 60.118-22.798Q60.005-22.401 59.634-22.162Q59.263-21.923 58.839-21.923Q58.402-21.923 58.002-22.131Q57.602-22.340 57.363-22.707Q57.123-23.074 57.123-23.526M57.793-23.796L59.608-23.796Q59.608-24.073 59.511-24.325Q59.413-24.578 59.215-24.734Q59.017-24.889 58.733-24.889Q58.456-24.889 58.243-24.731Q58.029-24.572 57.911-24.317Q57.793-24.062 57.793-23.796\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-45.798-13.455c0-5.414-4.389-9.803-9.803-9.803s-9.802 4.389-9.802 9.803 4.388 9.803 9.802 9.803 9.803-4.39 9.803-9.803Zm-9.803 0\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-111.965 10.966)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M47.202-22.719Q47.202-23.051 47.425-23.278Q47.649-23.505 47.993-23.633Q48.336-23.762 48.709-23.814Q49.081-23.867 49.386-23.867L49.386-24.120Q49.386-24.325 49.278-24.505Q49.170-24.684 48.989-24.787Q48.808-24.889 48.600-24.889Q48.193-24.889 47.957-24.797Q48.046-24.760 48.092-24.676Q48.138-24.592 48.138-24.490Q48.138-24.394 48.092-24.315Q48.046-24.237 47.965-24.192Q47.885-24.148 47.796-24.148Q47.646-24.148 47.545-24.245Q47.444-24.343 47.444-24.490Q47.444-25.112 48.600-25.112Q48.811-25.112 49.061-25.048Q49.310-24.985 49.512-24.866Q49.714-24.746 49.840-24.561Q49.967-24.377 49.967-24.134L49.967-22.558Q49.967-22.442 50.028-22.346Q50.090-22.251 50.203-22.251Q50.312-22.251 50.377-22.345Q50.442-22.439 50.442-22.558L50.442-23.006L50.708-23.006L50.708-22.558Q50.708-22.288 50.481-22.123Q50.254-21.957 49.974-21.957Q49.765-21.957 49.628-22.111Q49.492-22.264 49.468-22.480Q49.321-22.213 49.039-22.068Q48.757-21.923 48.432-21.923Q48.155-21.923 47.871-21.998Q47.588-22.073 47.395-22.252Q47.202-22.432 47.202-22.719M47.817-22.719Q47.817-22.545 47.918-22.415Q48.018-22.285 48.174-22.215Q48.329-22.145 48.494-22.145Q48.712-22.145 48.921-22.242Q49.129-22.340 49.257-22.521Q49.386-22.702 49.386-22.928L49.386-23.656Q49.061-23.656 48.695-23.565Q48.329-23.474 48.073-23.262Q47.817-23.051 47.817-22.719M51.125-23.502Q51.125-23.840 51.266-24.131Q51.406-24.421 51.650-24.635Q51.894-24.848 52.199-24.963Q52.503-25.077 52.828-25.077Q53.098-25.077 53.361-24.978Q53.624-24.879 53.815-24.701L53.815-26.099Q53.815-26.369 53.708-26.431Q53.600-26.492 53.289-26.492L53.289-26.773L54.366-26.848L54.366-22.664Q54.366-22.476 54.420-22.393Q54.475-22.309 54.576-22.290Q54.677-22.271 54.892-22.271L54.892-21.991L53.785-21.923L53.785-22.340Q53.368-21.923 52.742-21.923Q52.311-21.923 51.939-22.135Q51.566-22.346 51.346-22.707Q51.125-23.068 51.125-23.502M52.800-22.145Q53.009-22.145 53.195-22.217Q53.381-22.288 53.535-22.425Q53.689-22.562 53.785-22.740L53.785-24.349Q53.699-24.496 53.554-24.616Q53.409-24.736 53.239-24.795Q53.070-24.855 52.889-24.855Q52.329-24.855 52.060-24.466Q51.792-24.076 51.792-23.495Q51.792-22.924 52.026-22.534Q52.260-22.145 52.800-22.145M55.500-23.474Q55.500-23.816 55.635-24.115Q55.770-24.414 56.010-24.638Q56.249-24.862 56.567-24.987Q56.885-25.112 57.216-25.112Q57.661-25.112 58.060-24.896Q58.460-24.681 58.694-24.303Q58.929-23.926 58.929-23.474Q58.929-23.133 58.787-22.849Q58.645-22.565 58.401-22.358Q58.156-22.152 57.847-22.037Q57.537-21.923 57.216-21.923Q56.786-21.923 56.384-22.124Q55.982-22.326 55.741-22.678Q55.500-23.030 55.500-23.474M57.216-22.172Q57.818-22.172 58.042-22.550Q58.266-22.928 58.266-23.560Q58.266-24.172 58.031-24.531Q57.797-24.889 57.216-24.889Q56.163-24.889 56.163-23.560Q56.163-22.928 56.389-22.550Q56.615-22.172 57.216-22.172M61.273-21.991L59.537-21.991L59.537-22.271Q59.766-22.271 59.915-22.305Q60.063-22.340 60.063-22.480L60.063-24.329Q60.063-24.599 59.956-24.660Q59.848-24.722 59.537-24.722L59.537-25.002L60.566-25.077L60.566-24.370Q60.696-24.678 60.938-24.877Q61.181-25.077 61.499-25.077Q61.718-25.077 61.889-24.953Q62.059-24.828 62.059-24.616Q62.059-24.479 61.960-24.380Q61.861-24.281 61.728-24.281Q61.591-24.281 61.492-24.380Q61.393-24.479 61.393-24.616Q61.393-24.756 61.492-24.855Q61.202-24.855 61.002-24.659Q60.802-24.462 60.709-24.168Q60.617-23.874 60.617-23.594L60.617-22.480Q60.617-22.271 61.273-22.271L61.273-21.991M62.603-23.526Q62.603-23.847 62.728-24.136Q62.852-24.425 63.078-24.648Q63.304-24.872 63.599-24.992Q63.895-25.112 64.213-25.112Q64.541-25.112 64.802-25.012Q65.064-24.913 65.240-24.731Q65.416-24.548 65.510-24.290Q65.604-24.032 65.604-23.700Q65.604-23.608 65.522-23.587L63.266-23.587L63.266-23.526Q63.266-22.938 63.550-22.555Q63.833-22.172 64.401-22.172Q64.722-22.172 64.990-22.365Q65.259-22.558 65.348-22.873Q65.354-22.914 65.430-22.928L65.522-22.928Q65.604-22.904 65.604-22.832Q65.604-22.825 65.597-22.798Q65.484-22.401 65.113-22.162Q64.743-21.923 64.319-21.923Q63.881-21.923 63.481-22.131Q63.081-22.340 62.842-22.707Q62.603-23.074 62.603-23.526M63.273-23.796L65.088-23.796Q65.088-24.073 64.990-24.325Q64.893-24.578 64.695-24.734Q64.496-24.889 64.213-24.889Q63.936-24.889 63.722-24.731Q63.509-24.572 63.391-24.317Q63.273-24.062 63.273-23.796\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-1.54-21.991a8.536 8.536 0 1 0-17.072 0 8.536 8.536 0 0 0 17.072 0Zm-8.536 0\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-62.94 2.43)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M48.811-21.991L47.208-21.991L47.208-22.271Q47.434-22.271 47.583-22.305Q47.731-22.340 47.731-22.480L47.731-26.099Q47.731-26.369 47.624-26.431Q47.516-26.492 47.208-26.492L47.208-26.773L48.285-26.848L48.285-22.480Q48.285-22.343 48.435-22.307Q48.586-22.271 48.811-22.271L48.811-21.991M51.023-21.991L49.471-21.991L49.471-22.271Q49.697-22.271 49.845-22.305Q49.994-22.340 49.994-22.480L49.994-24.329Q49.994-24.517 49.946-24.601Q49.898-24.684 49.801-24.703Q49.704-24.722 49.492-24.722L49.492-25.002L50.548-25.077L50.548-22.480Q50.548-22.340 50.679-22.305Q50.811-22.271 51.023-22.271L51.023-21.991M49.751-26.298Q49.751-26.469 49.874-26.588Q49.997-26.708 50.168-26.708Q50.336-26.708 50.459-26.588Q50.582-26.469 50.582-26.298Q50.582-26.123 50.459-26Q50.336-25.877 50.168-25.877Q49.997-25.877 49.874-26Q49.751-26.123 49.751-26.298M53.265-21.991L51.683-21.991L51.683-22.271Q51.912-22.271 52.060-22.305Q52.209-22.340 52.209-22.480L52.209-26.099Q52.209-26.369 52.101-26.431Q51.994-26.492 51.683-26.492L51.683-26.773L52.763-26.848L52.763-23.560L53.747-24.329Q53.952-24.466 53.952-24.616Q53.952-24.660 53.911-24.695Q53.870-24.729 53.826-24.729L53.826-25.009L55.189-25.009L55.189-24.729Q54.701-24.729 54.181-24.329L53.624-23.895L54.601-22.671Q54.803-22.425 54.936-22.348Q55.070-22.271 55.357-22.271L55.357-21.991L53.925-21.991L53.925-22.271Q54.113-22.271 54.113-22.384Q54.113-22.480 53.959-22.671L53.224-23.580L52.742-23.201L52.742-22.480Q52.742-22.343 52.891-22.307Q53.039-22.271 53.265-22.271\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-62.94 2.43)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M55.616-23.526Q55.616-23.847 55.741-24.136Q55.866-24.425 56.092-24.648Q56.317-24.872 56.613-24.992Q56.908-25.112 57.226-25.112Q57.554-25.112 57.816-25.012Q58.077-24.913 58.253-24.731Q58.429-24.548 58.523-24.290Q58.617-24.032 58.617-23.700Q58.617-23.608 58.535-23.587L56.280-23.587L56.280-23.526Q56.280-22.938 56.563-22.555Q56.847-22.172 57.414-22.172Q57.736-22.172 58.004-22.365Q58.272-22.558 58.361-22.873Q58.368-22.914 58.443-22.928L58.535-22.928Q58.617-22.904 58.617-22.832Q58.617-22.825 58.611-22.798Q58.498-22.401 58.127-22.162Q57.756-21.923 57.332-21.923Q56.895-21.923 56.495-22.131Q56.095-22.340 55.856-22.707Q55.616-23.074 55.616-23.526M56.286-23.796L58.101-23.796Q58.101-24.073 58.004-24.325Q57.906-24.578 57.708-24.734Q57.510-24.889 57.226-24.889Q56.949-24.889 56.736-24.731Q56.522-24.572 56.404-24.317Q56.286-24.062 56.286-23.796\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-12.921-61.825a8.536 8.536 0 1 0-17.072 0 8.536 8.536 0 0 0 17.072 0Zm-8.536 0\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-76.314 -37.403)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M48.811-21.991L47.208-21.991L47.208-22.271Q47.434-22.271 47.583-22.305Q47.731-22.340 47.731-22.480L47.731-26.099Q47.731-26.369 47.624-26.431Q47.516-26.492 47.208-26.492L47.208-26.773L48.285-26.848L48.285-22.480Q48.285-22.343 48.435-22.307Q48.586-22.271 48.811-22.271L48.811-21.991M51.023-21.991L49.471-21.991L49.471-22.271Q49.697-22.271 49.845-22.305Q49.994-22.340 49.994-22.480L49.994-24.329Q49.994-24.517 49.946-24.601Q49.898-24.684 49.801-24.703Q49.704-24.722 49.492-24.722L49.492-25.002L50.548-25.077L50.548-22.480Q50.548-22.340 50.679-22.305Q50.811-22.271 51.023-22.271L51.023-21.991M49.751-26.298Q49.751-26.469 49.874-26.588Q49.997-26.708 50.168-26.708Q50.336-26.708 50.459-26.588Q50.582-26.469 50.582-26.298Q50.582-26.123 50.459-26Q50.336-25.877 50.168-25.877Q49.997-25.877 49.874-26Q49.751-26.123 49.751-26.298M53.265-21.991L51.683-21.991L51.683-22.271Q51.912-22.271 52.060-22.305Q52.209-22.340 52.209-22.480L52.209-26.099Q52.209-26.369 52.101-26.431Q51.994-26.492 51.683-26.492L51.683-26.773L52.763-26.848L52.763-23.560L53.747-24.329Q53.952-24.466 53.952-24.616Q53.952-24.660 53.911-24.695Q53.870-24.729 53.826-24.729L53.826-25.009L55.189-25.009L55.189-24.729Q54.701-24.729 54.181-24.329L53.624-23.895L54.601-22.671Q54.803-22.425 54.936-22.348Q55.070-22.271 55.357-22.271L55.357-21.991L53.925-21.991L53.925-22.271Q54.113-22.271 54.113-22.384Q54.113-22.480 53.959-22.671L53.224-23.580L52.742-23.201L52.742-22.480Q52.742-22.343 52.891-22.307Q53.039-22.271 53.265-22.271\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-76.314 -37.403)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M55.616-23.526Q55.616-23.847 55.741-24.136Q55.866-24.425 56.092-24.648Q56.317-24.872 56.613-24.992Q56.908-25.112 57.226-25.112Q57.554-25.112 57.816-25.012Q58.077-24.913 58.253-24.731Q58.429-24.548 58.523-24.290Q58.617-24.032 58.617-23.700Q58.617-23.608 58.535-23.587L56.280-23.587L56.280-23.526Q56.280-22.938 56.563-22.555Q56.847-22.172 57.414-22.172Q57.736-22.172 58.004-22.365Q58.272-22.558 58.361-22.873Q58.368-22.914 58.443-22.928L58.535-22.928Q58.617-22.904 58.617-22.832Q58.617-22.825 58.611-22.798Q58.498-22.401 58.127-22.162Q57.756-21.923 57.332-21.923Q56.895-21.923 56.495-22.131Q56.095-22.340 55.856-22.707Q55.616-23.074 55.616-23.526M56.286-23.796L58.101-23.796Q58.101-24.073 58.004-24.325Q57.906-24.578 57.708-24.734Q57.510-24.889 57.226-24.889Q56.949-24.889 56.736-24.731Q56.522-24.572 56.404-24.317Q56.286-24.062 56.286-23.796M62.217-21.991L59.332-21.991L59.332-22.193Q59.332-22.223 59.359-22.251L60.607-23.468Q60.678-23.543 60.721-23.585Q60.764-23.628 60.843-23.707Q61.256-24.120 61.487-24.478Q61.718-24.835 61.718-25.259Q61.718-25.491 61.639-25.694Q61.560-25.898 61.418-26.048Q61.277-26.199 61.082-26.279Q60.887-26.359 60.655-26.359Q60.343-26.359 60.085-26.200Q59.827-26.041 59.697-25.764L59.718-25.764Q59.885-25.764 59.993-25.653Q60.101-25.542 60.101-25.378Q60.101-25.221 59.991-25.108Q59.882-24.995 59.718-24.995Q59.557-24.995 59.445-25.108Q59.332-25.221 59.332-25.378Q59.332-25.754 59.540-26.041Q59.749-26.328 60.084-26.484Q60.419-26.639 60.774-26.639Q61.198-26.639 61.577-26.481Q61.957-26.322 62.191-26.005Q62.425-25.689 62.425-25.259Q62.425-24.948 62.285-24.679Q62.145-24.411 61.940-24.206Q61.735-24.001 61.372-23.719Q61.010-23.437 60.901-23.341L60.046-22.613L60.689-22.613Q60.952-22.613 61.241-22.615Q61.530-22.616 61.748-22.625Q61.967-22.634 61.984-22.651Q62.046-22.716 62.083-22.883Q62.121-23.051 62.158-23.293L62.425-23.293\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" d=\"m-42.435-39.785-8.693 17.384M-32.036-41.755l15.467 13.92M-31.818-53.19l3.65-3.042M-18.662-20.381l-27.108 5.083\"\u002F>\u003Cg stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\">\u003Cg style=\"stroke-width:1.4\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M140.723-47.598a8.536 8.536 0 1 0-17.071 0 8.536 8.536 0 0 0 17.071 0Zm-8.535 0\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-bg)\" d=\"M140.723-47.598a8.536 8.536 0 1 0-17.071 0 8.536 8.536 0 0 0 17.071 0Zm-8.535 0\" style=\"stroke-width:.6\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(77.817 -23.177)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M48.825-21.991L47.191-21.991L47.191-22.271Q47.420-22.271 47.569-22.305Q47.718-22.340 47.718-22.480L47.718-26.099Q47.718-26.369 47.610-26.431Q47.502-26.492 47.191-26.492L47.191-26.773L48.271-26.848L48.271-24.462Q48.377-24.647 48.555-24.789Q48.733-24.930 48.941-25.004Q49.150-25.077 49.375-25.077Q49.881-25.077 50.165-24.854Q50.449-24.630 50.449-24.134L50.449-22.480Q50.449-22.343 50.597-22.307Q50.746-22.271 50.972-22.271L50.972-21.991L49.341-21.991L49.341-22.271Q49.570-22.271 49.719-22.305Q49.868-22.340 49.868-22.480L49.868-24.120Q49.868-24.455 49.748-24.655Q49.628-24.855 49.314-24.855Q49.044-24.855 48.810-24.719Q48.576-24.582 48.437-24.348Q48.299-24.114 48.299-23.840L48.299-22.480Q48.299-22.343 48.449-22.307Q48.600-22.271 48.825-22.271L48.825-21.991M51.618-22.719Q51.618-23.051 51.841-23.278Q52.065-23.505 52.409-23.633Q52.752-23.762 53.125-23.814Q53.497-23.867 53.802-23.867L53.802-24.120Q53.802-24.325 53.694-24.505Q53.586-24.684 53.405-24.787Q53.224-24.889 53.016-24.889Q52.609-24.889 52.373-24.797Q52.462-24.760 52.508-24.676Q52.554-24.592 52.554-24.490Q52.554-24.394 52.508-24.315Q52.462-24.237 52.381-24.192Q52.301-24.148 52.212-24.148Q52.062-24.148 51.961-24.245Q51.860-24.343 51.860-24.490Q51.860-25.112 53.016-25.112Q53.227-25.112 53.477-25.048Q53.726-24.985 53.928-24.866Q54.130-24.746 54.256-24.561Q54.383-24.377 54.383-24.134L54.383-22.558Q54.383-22.442 54.444-22.346Q54.506-22.251 54.619-22.251Q54.728-22.251 54.793-22.345Q54.858-22.439 54.858-22.558L54.858-23.006L55.124-23.006L55.124-22.558Q55.124-22.288 54.897-22.123Q54.670-21.957 54.390-21.957Q54.181-21.957 54.044-22.111Q53.908-22.264 53.884-22.480Q53.737-22.213 53.455-22.068Q53.173-21.923 52.848-21.923Q52.571-21.923 52.287-21.998Q52.004-22.073 51.811-22.252Q51.618-22.432 51.618-22.719M52.233-22.719Q52.233-22.545 52.334-22.415Q52.434-22.285 52.590-22.215Q52.746-22.145 52.910-22.145Q53.128-22.145 53.337-22.242Q53.545-22.340 53.673-22.521Q53.802-22.702 53.802-22.928L53.802-23.656Q53.477-23.656 53.111-23.565Q52.746-23.474 52.489-23.262Q52.233-23.051 52.233-22.719M56.068-22.832L56.068-24.729L55.429-24.729L55.429-24.951Q55.746-24.951 55.964-25.161Q56.181-25.371 56.281-25.681Q56.382-25.990 56.382-26.298L56.649-26.298L56.649-25.009L57.725-25.009L57.725-24.729L56.649-24.729L56.649-22.845Q56.649-22.569 56.753-22.370Q56.857-22.172 57.117-22.172Q57.274-22.172 57.380-22.276Q57.486-22.381 57.536-22.534Q57.585-22.688 57.585-22.845L57.585-23.259L57.852-23.259L57.852-22.832Q57.852-22.606 57.753-22.396Q57.654-22.186 57.469-22.054Q57.285-21.923 57.056-21.923Q56.618-21.923 56.343-22.160Q56.068-22.398 56.068-22.832M58.621-23.526Q58.621-23.847 58.746-24.136Q58.871-24.425 59.096-24.648Q59.322-24.872 59.617-24.992Q59.913-25.112 60.231-25.112Q60.559-25.112 60.820-25.012Q61.082-24.913 61.258-24.731Q61.434-24.548 61.528-24.290Q61.622-24.032 61.622-23.700Q61.622-23.608 61.540-23.587L59.284-23.587L59.284-23.526Q59.284-22.938 59.568-22.555Q59.851-22.172 60.419-22.172Q60.740-22.172 61.008-22.365Q61.277-22.558 61.366-22.873Q61.372-22.914 61.448-22.928L61.540-22.928Q61.622-22.904 61.622-22.832Q61.622-22.825 61.615-22.798Q61.502-22.401 61.131-22.162Q60.761-21.923 60.337-21.923Q59.899-21.923 59.499-22.131Q59.100-22.340 58.860-22.707Q58.621-23.074 58.621-23.526M59.291-23.796L61.106-23.796Q61.106-24.073 61.008-24.325Q60.911-24.578 60.713-24.734Q60.515-24.889 60.231-24.889Q59.954-24.889 59.740-24.731Q59.527-24.572 59.409-24.317Q59.291-24.062 59.291-23.796\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M160.182-13.455c0-6.033-4.89-10.923-10.923-10.923-6.032 0-10.922 4.89-10.922 10.923 0 6.032 4.89 10.923 10.922 10.923s10.923-4.89 10.923-10.923Zm-10.923 0\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(91.763 10.966)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M48.811-21.991L47.208-21.991L47.208-22.271Q47.434-22.271 47.583-22.305Q47.731-22.340 47.731-22.480L47.731-26.099Q47.731-26.369 47.624-26.431Q47.516-26.492 47.208-26.492L47.208-26.773L48.285-26.848L48.285-22.480Q48.285-22.343 48.435-22.307Q48.586-22.271 48.811-22.271L48.811-21.991M49.365-23.474Q49.365-23.816 49.500-24.115Q49.635-24.414 49.874-24.638Q50.114-24.862 50.432-24.987Q50.749-25.112 51.081-25.112Q51.525-25.112 51.925-24.896Q52.325-24.681 52.559-24.303Q52.793-23.926 52.793-23.474Q52.793-23.133 52.652-22.849Q52.510-22.565 52.265-22.358Q52.021-22.152 51.712-22.037Q51.402-21.923 51.081-21.923Q50.650-21.923 50.249-22.124Q49.847-22.326 49.606-22.678Q49.365-23.030 49.365-23.474M51.081-22.172Q51.683-22.172 51.906-22.550Q52.130-22.928 52.130-23.560Q52.130-24.172 51.896-24.531Q51.662-24.889 51.081-24.889Q50.028-24.889 50.028-23.560Q50.028-22.928 50.254-22.550Q50.479-22.172 51.081-22.172M53.446-22.719Q53.446-23.051 53.670-23.278Q53.894-23.505 54.237-23.633Q54.581-23.762 54.954-23.814Q55.326-23.867 55.630-23.867L55.630-24.120Q55.630-24.325 55.523-24.505Q55.415-24.684 55.234-24.787Q55.053-24.889 54.844-24.889Q54.437-24.889 54.202-24.797Q54.290-24.760 54.337-24.676Q54.383-24.592 54.383-24.490Q54.383-24.394 54.337-24.315Q54.290-24.237 54.210-24.192Q54.130-24.148 54.041-24.148Q53.891-24.148 53.790-24.245Q53.689-24.343 53.689-24.490Q53.689-25.112 54.844-25.112Q55.056-25.112 55.306-25.048Q55.555-24.985 55.757-24.866Q55.958-24.746 56.085-24.561Q56.211-24.377 56.211-24.134L56.211-22.558Q56.211-22.442 56.273-22.346Q56.334-22.251 56.447-22.251Q56.557-22.251 56.621-22.345Q56.686-22.439 56.686-22.558L56.686-23.006L56.953-23.006L56.953-22.558Q56.953-22.288 56.726-22.123Q56.498-21.957 56.218-21.957Q56.010-21.957 55.873-22.111Q55.736-22.264 55.712-22.480Q55.565-22.213 55.283-22.068Q55.001-21.923 54.677-21.923Q54.400-21.923 54.116-21.998Q53.832-22.073 53.639-22.252Q53.446-22.432 53.446-22.719M54.061-22.719Q54.061-22.545 54.162-22.415Q54.263-22.285 54.419-22.215Q54.574-22.145 54.738-22.145Q54.957-22.145 55.165-22.242Q55.374-22.340 55.502-22.521Q55.630-22.702 55.630-22.928L55.630-23.656Q55.306-23.656 54.940-23.565Q54.574-23.474 54.318-23.262Q54.061-23.051 54.061-22.719M57.896-22.832L57.896-24.729L57.257-24.729L57.257-24.951Q57.575-24.951 57.792-25.161Q58.009-25.371 58.110-25.681Q58.211-25.990 58.211-26.298L58.477-26.298L58.477-25.009L59.554-25.009L59.554-24.729L58.477-24.729L58.477-22.845Q58.477-22.569 58.582-22.370Q58.686-22.172 58.946-22.172Q59.103-22.172 59.209-22.276Q59.315-22.381 59.364-22.534Q59.414-22.688 59.414-22.845L59.414-23.259L59.681-23.259L59.681-22.832Q59.681-22.606 59.581-22.396Q59.482-22.186 59.298-22.054Q59.113-21.923 58.884-21.923Q58.447-21.923 58.172-22.160Q57.896-22.398 57.896-22.832M62.172-21.991L60.538-21.991L60.538-22.271Q60.767-22.271 60.916-22.305Q61.065-22.340 61.065-22.480L61.065-26.099Q61.065-26.369 60.957-26.431Q60.850-26.492 60.538-26.492L60.538-26.773L61.619-26.848L61.619-24.462Q61.725-24.647 61.902-24.789Q62.080-24.930 62.288-25.004Q62.497-25.077 62.723-25.077Q63.228-25.077 63.512-24.854Q63.796-24.630 63.796-24.134L63.796-22.480Q63.796-22.343 63.944-22.307Q64.093-22.271 64.319-22.271L64.319-21.991L62.688-21.991L62.688-22.271Q62.917-22.271 63.066-22.305Q63.215-22.340 63.215-22.480L63.215-24.120Q63.215-24.455 63.095-24.655Q62.975-24.855 62.661-24.855Q62.391-24.855 62.157-24.719Q61.923-24.582 61.784-24.348Q61.646-24.114 61.646-23.840L61.646-22.480Q61.646-22.343 61.796-22.307Q61.947-22.271 62.172-22.271L62.172-21.991M64.866-23.526Q64.866-23.847 64.990-24.136Q65.115-24.425 65.341-24.648Q65.566-24.872 65.862-24.992Q66.158-25.112 66.475-25.112Q66.804-25.112 67.065-25.012Q67.327-24.913 67.503-24.731Q67.679-24.548 67.773-24.290Q67.867-24.032 67.867-23.700Q67.867-23.608 67.785-23.587L65.529-23.587L65.529-23.526Q65.529-22.938 65.812-22.555Q66.096-22.172 66.663-22.172Q66.985-22.172 67.253-22.365Q67.521-22.558 67.610-22.873Q67.617-22.914 67.692-22.928L67.785-22.928Q67.867-22.904 67.867-22.832Q67.867-22.825 67.860-22.798Q67.747-22.401 67.376-22.162Q67.005-21.923 66.581-21.923Q66.144-21.923 65.744-22.131Q65.344-22.340 65.105-22.707Q64.866-23.074 64.866-23.526M65.536-23.796L67.350-23.796Q67.350-24.073 67.253-24.325Q67.156-24.578 66.957-24.734Q66.759-24.889 66.475-24.889Q66.199-24.889 65.985-24.731Q65.771-24.572 65.653-24.317Q65.536-24.062 65.536-23.796\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M114.957-21.991c0-6.198-5.024-11.222-11.222-11.222S92.513-28.189 92.513-21.99s5.024 11.222 11.222 11.222 11.222-5.024 11.222-11.222Zm-11.222 0\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(45.946 2.43)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M47.143-23.502Q47.143-23.840 47.284-24.131Q47.424-24.421 47.668-24.635Q47.912-24.848 48.217-24.963Q48.521-25.077 48.846-25.077Q49.116-25.077 49.379-24.978Q49.642-24.879 49.833-24.701L49.833-26.099Q49.833-26.369 49.726-26.431Q49.618-26.492 49.307-26.492L49.307-26.773L50.384-26.848L50.384-22.664Q50.384-22.476 50.438-22.393Q50.493-22.309 50.594-22.290Q50.695-22.271 50.910-22.271L50.910-21.991L49.803-21.923L49.803-22.340Q49.386-21.923 48.760-21.923Q48.329-21.923 47.957-22.135Q47.584-22.346 47.364-22.707Q47.143-23.068 47.143-23.502M48.818-22.145Q49.027-22.145 49.213-22.217Q49.399-22.288 49.553-22.425Q49.707-22.562 49.803-22.740L49.803-24.349Q49.717-24.496 49.572-24.616Q49.427-24.736 49.257-24.795Q49.088-24.855 48.907-24.855Q48.347-24.855 48.078-24.466Q47.810-24.076 47.810-23.495Q47.810-22.924 48.044-22.534Q48.278-22.145 48.818-22.145M53.176-21.991L51.624-21.991L51.624-22.271Q51.850-22.271 51.999-22.305Q52.147-22.340 52.147-22.480L52.147-24.329Q52.147-24.517 52.100-24.601Q52.052-24.684 51.954-24.703Q51.857-24.722 51.645-24.722L51.645-25.002L52.701-25.077L52.701-22.480Q52.701-22.340 52.833-22.305Q52.964-22.271 53.176-22.271L53.176-21.991M51.905-26.298Q51.905-26.469 52.028-26.588Q52.151-26.708 52.322-26.708Q52.489-26.708 52.612-26.588Q52.735-26.469 52.735-26.298Q52.735-26.123 52.612-26Q52.489-25.877 52.322-25.877Q52.151-25.877 52.028-26Q51.905-26.123 51.905-26.298M53.822-21.998L53.822-23.061Q53.822-23.085 53.850-23.112Q53.877-23.139 53.901-23.139L54.010-23.139Q54.075-23.139 54.089-23.081Q54.184-22.647 54.431-22.396Q54.677-22.145 55.090-22.145Q55.432-22.145 55.685-22.278Q55.938-22.411 55.938-22.719Q55.938-22.876 55.844-22.991Q55.750-23.105 55.611-23.174Q55.473-23.242 55.306-23.280L54.725-23.379Q54.369-23.447 54.096-23.668Q53.822-23.888 53.822-24.230Q53.822-24.479 53.933-24.654Q54.044-24.828 54.231-24.927Q54.417-25.026 54.632-25.069Q54.848-25.112 55.090-25.112Q55.504-25.112 55.784-24.930L55.999-25.105Q56.010-25.108 56.017-25.110Q56.023-25.112 56.034-25.112L56.085-25.112Q56.112-25.112 56.136-25.088Q56.160-25.064 56.160-25.036L56.160-24.189Q56.160-24.168 56.136-24.141Q56.112-24.114 56.085-24.114L55.972-24.114Q55.945-24.114 55.919-24.139Q55.893-24.165 55.893-24.189Q55.893-24.425 55.787-24.589Q55.682-24.753 55.499-24.835Q55.316-24.917 55.083-24.917Q54.755-24.917 54.499-24.814Q54.243-24.712 54.243-24.435Q54.243-24.240 54.425-24.131Q54.608-24.021 54.837-23.980L55.412-23.874Q55.658-23.826 55.871-23.698Q56.085-23.570 56.222-23.367Q56.358-23.163 56.358-22.914Q56.358-22.401 55.993-22.162Q55.627-21.923 55.090-21.923Q54.595-21.923 54.263-22.217L53.996-21.943Q53.976-21.923 53.949-21.923L53.901-21.923Q53.877-21.923 53.850-21.950Q53.822-21.977 53.822-21.998M58.655-21.991L57.052-21.991L57.052-22.271Q57.278-22.271 57.426-22.305Q57.575-22.340 57.575-22.480L57.575-26.099Q57.575-26.369 57.467-26.431Q57.360-26.492 57.052-26.492L57.052-26.773L58.129-26.848L58.129-22.480Q58.129-22.343 58.279-22.307Q58.430-22.271 58.655-22.271L58.655-21.991M60.867-21.991L59.315-21.991L59.315-22.271Q59.540-22.271 59.689-22.305Q59.838-22.340 59.838-22.480L59.838-24.329Q59.838-24.517 59.790-24.601Q59.742-24.684 59.645-24.703Q59.547-24.722 59.335-24.722L59.335-25.002L60.392-25.077L60.392-22.480Q60.392-22.340 60.523-22.305Q60.655-22.271 60.867-22.271L60.867-21.991M59.595-26.298Q59.595-26.469 59.718-26.588Q59.841-26.708 60.012-26.708Q60.180-26.708 60.303-26.588Q60.426-26.469 60.426-26.298Q60.426-26.123 60.303-26Q60.180-25.877 60.012-25.877Q59.841-25.877 59.718-26Q59.595-26.123 59.595-26.298M63.109-21.991L61.526-21.991L61.526-22.271Q61.755-22.271 61.904-22.305Q62.053-22.340 62.053-22.480L62.053-26.099Q62.053-26.369 61.945-26.431Q61.837-26.492 61.526-26.492L61.526-26.773L62.606-26.848L62.606-23.560L63.591-24.329Q63.796-24.466 63.796-24.616Q63.796-24.660 63.755-24.695Q63.714-24.729 63.669-24.729L63.669-25.009L65.033-25.009L65.033-24.729Q64.544-24.729 64.025-24.329L63.468-23.895L64.445-22.671Q64.647-22.425 64.780-22.348Q64.913-22.271 65.201-22.271L65.201-21.991L63.768-21.991L63.768-22.271Q63.956-22.271 63.956-22.384Q63.956-22.480 63.803-22.671L63.068-23.580L62.586-23.201L62.586-22.480Q62.586-22.343 62.735-22.307Q62.883-22.271 63.109-22.271\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(45.946 2.43)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M65.465-23.526Q65.465-23.847 65.590-24.136Q65.715-24.425 65.941-24.648Q66.166-24.872 66.462-24.992Q66.757-25.112 67.075-25.112Q67.403-25.112 67.665-25.012Q67.926-24.913 68.102-24.731Q68.278-24.548 68.372-24.290Q68.466-24.032 68.466-23.700Q68.466-23.608 68.384-23.587L66.129-23.587L66.129-23.526Q66.129-22.938 66.412-22.555Q66.696-22.172 67.263-22.172Q67.585-22.172 67.853-22.365Q68.121-22.558 68.210-22.873Q68.217-22.914 68.292-22.928L68.384-22.928Q68.466-22.904 68.466-22.832Q68.466-22.825 68.460-22.798Q68.347-22.401 67.976-22.162Q67.605-21.923 67.181-21.923Q66.744-21.923 66.344-22.131Q65.944-22.340 65.705-22.707Q65.465-23.074 65.465-23.526M66.135-23.796L67.950-23.796Q67.950-24.073 67.853-24.325Q67.755-24.578 67.557-24.734Q67.359-24.889 67.075-24.889Q66.798-24.889 66.585-24.731Q66.371-24.572 66.253-24.317Q66.135-24.062 66.135-23.796\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M125.361-61.825c0-5.658-4.587-10.245-10.245-10.245-5.659 0-10.246 4.587-10.246 10.245 0 5.659 4.587 10.246 10.246 10.246 5.658 0 10.245-4.587 10.245-10.246Zm-10.245 0\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(58.321 -37.403)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M47.202-22.719Q47.202-23.051 47.425-23.278Q47.649-23.505 47.993-23.633Q48.336-23.762 48.709-23.814Q49.081-23.867 49.386-23.867L49.386-24.120Q49.386-24.325 49.278-24.505Q49.170-24.684 48.989-24.787Q48.808-24.889 48.600-24.889Q48.193-24.889 47.957-24.797Q48.046-24.760 48.092-24.676Q48.138-24.592 48.138-24.490Q48.138-24.394 48.092-24.315Q48.046-24.237 47.965-24.192Q47.885-24.148 47.796-24.148Q47.646-24.148 47.545-24.245Q47.444-24.343 47.444-24.490Q47.444-25.112 48.600-25.112Q48.811-25.112 49.061-25.048Q49.310-24.985 49.512-24.866Q49.714-24.746 49.840-24.561Q49.967-24.377 49.967-24.134L49.967-22.558Q49.967-22.442 50.028-22.346Q50.090-22.251 50.203-22.251Q50.312-22.251 50.377-22.345Q50.442-22.439 50.442-22.558L50.442-23.006L50.708-23.006L50.708-22.558Q50.708-22.288 50.481-22.123Q50.254-21.957 49.974-21.957Q49.765-21.957 49.628-22.111Q49.492-22.264 49.468-22.480Q49.321-22.213 49.039-22.068Q48.757-21.923 48.432-21.923Q48.155-21.923 47.871-21.998Q47.588-22.073 47.395-22.252Q47.202-22.432 47.202-22.719M47.817-22.719Q47.817-22.545 47.918-22.415Q48.018-22.285 48.174-22.215Q48.329-22.145 48.494-22.145Q48.712-22.145 48.921-22.242Q49.129-22.340 49.257-22.521Q49.386-22.702 49.386-22.928L49.386-23.656Q49.061-23.656 48.695-23.565Q48.329-23.474 48.073-23.262Q47.817-23.051 47.817-22.719M51.932-21.991L51.665-21.991L51.665-26.099Q51.665-26.369 51.558-26.431Q51.450-26.492 51.139-26.492L51.139-26.773L52.219-26.848L52.219-24.678Q52.428-24.869 52.713-24.973Q52.998-25.077 53.296-25.077Q53.614-25.077 53.911-24.956Q54.208-24.835 54.431-24.619Q54.653-24.404 54.779-24.119Q54.906-23.833 54.906-23.502Q54.906-23.057 54.666-22.693Q54.427-22.329 54.034-22.126Q53.641-21.923 53.197-21.923Q53.002-21.923 52.812-21.979Q52.622-22.035 52.462-22.140Q52.301-22.244 52.161-22.405L51.932-21.991M52.246-24.336L52.246-22.719Q52.383-22.459 52.624-22.302Q52.865-22.145 53.142-22.145Q53.436-22.145 53.648-22.252Q53.860-22.360 53.993-22.552Q54.126-22.743 54.184-22.982Q54.243-23.221 54.243-23.502Q54.243-23.861 54.149-24.165Q54.055-24.469 53.827-24.662Q53.600-24.855 53.234-24.855Q52.933-24.855 52.667-24.719Q52.400-24.582 52.246-24.336M57.223-21.991L55.589-21.991L55.589-22.271Q55.818-22.271 55.967-22.305Q56.116-22.340 56.116-22.480L56.116-26.099Q56.116-26.369 56.008-26.431Q55.900-26.492 55.589-26.492L55.589-26.773L56.669-26.848L56.669-24.462Q56.775-24.647 56.953-24.789Q57.131-24.930 57.339-25.004Q57.548-25.077 57.773-25.077Q58.279-25.077 58.563-24.854Q58.847-24.630 58.847-24.134L58.847-22.480Q58.847-22.343 58.995-22.307Q59.144-22.271 59.370-22.271L59.370-21.991L57.739-21.991L57.739-22.271Q57.968-22.271 58.117-22.305Q58.266-22.340 58.266-22.480L58.266-24.120Q58.266-24.455 58.146-24.655Q58.026-24.855 57.712-24.855Q57.442-24.855 57.208-24.719Q56.974-24.582 56.835-24.348Q56.697-24.114 56.697-23.840L56.697-22.480Q56.697-22.343 56.847-22.307Q56.997-22.271 57.223-22.271L57.223-21.991M59.916-23.474Q59.916-23.816 60.051-24.115Q60.186-24.414 60.426-24.638Q60.665-24.862 60.983-24.987Q61.301-25.112 61.632-25.112Q62.077-25.112 62.476-24.896Q62.876-24.681 63.110-24.303Q63.345-23.926 63.345-23.474Q63.345-23.133 63.203-22.849Q63.061-22.565 62.817-22.358Q62.572-22.152 62.263-22.037Q61.954-21.923 61.632-21.923Q61.202-21.923 60.800-22.124Q60.398-22.326 60.157-22.678Q59.916-23.030 59.916-23.474M61.632-22.172Q62.234-22.172 62.458-22.550Q62.682-22.928 62.682-23.560Q62.682-24.172 62.447-24.531Q62.213-24.889 61.632-24.889Q60.579-24.889 60.579-23.560Q60.579-22.928 60.805-22.550Q61.031-22.172 61.632-22.172M65.689-21.991L63.953-21.991L63.953-22.271Q64.182-22.271 64.331-22.305Q64.479-22.340 64.479-22.480L64.479-24.329Q64.479-24.599 64.372-24.660Q64.264-24.722 63.953-24.722L63.953-25.002L64.982-25.077L64.982-24.370Q65.112-24.678 65.354-24.877Q65.597-25.077 65.915-25.077Q66.134-25.077 66.305-24.953Q66.475-24.828 66.475-24.616Q66.475-24.479 66.376-24.380Q66.277-24.281 66.144-24.281Q66.007-24.281 65.908-24.380Q65.809-24.479 65.809-24.616Q65.809-24.756 65.908-24.855Q65.618-24.855 65.418-24.659Q65.218-24.462 65.125-24.168Q65.033-23.874 65.033-23.594L65.033-22.480Q65.033-22.271 65.689-22.271\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" d=\"m136.094-39.785 8.192 16.382M125.695-41.755l-13.47 12.123M125.477-53.19l-2.337-1.948M114.96-19.886l23.368 4.381\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M55.365-33.372a8.536 8.536 0 1 0-17.071 0 8.536 8.536 0 0 0 17.071 0Zm-8.536 0\"\u002F>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-7.068 -8.95)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M48.941-21.991L47.208-21.991L47.208-22.271Q47.434-22.271 47.583-22.305Q47.731-22.340 47.731-22.480L47.731-24.729L47.143-24.729L47.143-25.009L47.731-25.009L47.731-25.826Q47.731-26.144 47.909-26.392Q48.087-26.639 48.377-26.780Q48.668-26.920 48.979-26.920Q49.235-26.920 49.439-26.778Q49.642-26.636 49.642-26.393Q49.642-26.257 49.543-26.158Q49.444-26.058 49.307-26.058Q49.170-26.058 49.071-26.158Q48.972-26.257 48.972-26.393Q48.972-26.574 49.112-26.667Q49.034-26.694 48.934-26.694Q48.726-26.694 48.572-26.561Q48.418-26.428 48.338-26.224Q48.258-26.021 48.258-25.812L48.258-25.009L49.146-25.009L49.146-24.729L48.285-24.729L48.285-22.480Q48.285-22.271 48.941-22.271\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-7.068 -8.95)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M51.799-21.991L50.247-21.991L50.247-22.271Q50.473-22.271 50.622-22.305Q50.770-22.340 50.770-22.480L50.770-24.329Q50.770-24.517 50.722-24.601Q50.675-24.684 50.577-24.703Q50.480-24.722 50.268-24.722L50.268-25.002L51.324-25.077L51.324-22.480Q51.324-22.340 51.456-22.305Q51.587-22.271 51.799-22.271L51.799-21.991M50.528-26.298Q50.528-26.469 50.651-26.588Q50.774-26.708 50.945-26.708Q51.112-26.708 51.235-26.588Q51.358-26.469 51.358-26.298Q51.358-26.123 51.235-26Q51.112-25.877 50.945-25.877Q50.774-25.877 50.651-26Q50.528-26.123 50.528-26.298M54.127-21.991L52.493-21.991L52.493-22.271Q52.722-22.271 52.871-22.305Q53.019-22.340 53.019-22.480L53.019-24.329Q53.019-24.599 52.912-24.660Q52.804-24.722 52.493-24.722L52.493-25.002L53.553-25.077L53.553-24.428Q53.723-24.736 54.028-24.907Q54.332-25.077 54.677-25.077Q55.183-25.077 55.467-24.854Q55.750-24.630 55.750-24.134L55.750-22.480Q55.750-22.343 55.899-22.307Q56.048-22.271 56.273-22.271L56.273-21.991L54.643-21.991L54.643-22.271Q54.872-22.271 55.021-22.305Q55.169-22.340 55.169-22.480L55.169-24.120Q55.169-24.455 55.050-24.655Q54.930-24.855 54.616-24.855Q54.346-24.855 54.111-24.719Q53.877-24.582 53.739-24.348Q53.600-24.114 53.600-23.840L53.600-22.480Q53.600-22.343 53.751-22.307Q53.901-22.271 54.127-22.271L54.127-21.991M56.861-23.502Q56.861-23.840 57.001-24.131Q57.141-24.421 57.386-24.635Q57.630-24.848 57.934-24.963Q58.239-25.077 58.563-25.077Q58.833-25.077 59.097-24.978Q59.360-24.879 59.551-24.701L59.551-26.099Q59.551-26.369 59.443-26.431Q59.336-26.492 59.025-26.492L59.025-26.773L60.101-26.848L60.101-22.664Q60.101-22.476 60.156-22.393Q60.211-22.309 60.312-22.290Q60.412-22.271 60.628-22.271L60.628-21.991L59.520-21.923L59.520-22.340Q59.103-21.923 58.478-21.923Q58.047-21.923 57.675-22.135Q57.302-22.346 57.082-22.707Q56.861-23.068 56.861-23.502M58.536-22.145Q58.744-22.145 58.931-22.217Q59.117-22.288 59.271-22.425Q59.425-22.562 59.520-22.740L59.520-24.349Q59.435-24.496 59.290-24.616Q59.144-24.736 58.975-24.795Q58.806-24.855 58.625-24.855Q58.064-24.855 57.796-24.466Q57.528-24.076 57.528-23.495Q57.528-22.924 57.762-22.534Q57.996-22.145 58.536-22.145\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M57.532 3.616c0-5.91-4.792-10.702-10.703-10.702S36.127-2.294 36.127 3.616 40.92 14.318 46.83 14.318 57.532 9.527 57.532 3.616Zm-10.703 0\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-10.451 27.961)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M48.825-21.991L47.191-21.991L47.191-22.271Q47.420-22.271 47.569-22.305Q47.718-22.340 47.718-22.480L47.718-24.329Q47.718-24.599 47.610-24.660Q47.502-24.722 47.191-24.722L47.191-25.002L48.251-25.077L48.251-24.428Q48.422-24.736 48.726-24.907Q49.030-25.077 49.375-25.077Q49.881-25.077 50.165-24.854Q50.449-24.630 50.449-24.134L50.449-22.480Q50.449-22.343 50.597-22.307Q50.746-22.271 50.972-22.271L50.972-21.991L49.341-21.991L49.341-22.271Q49.570-22.271 49.719-22.305Q49.868-22.340 49.868-22.480L49.868-24.120Q49.868-24.455 49.748-24.655Q49.628-24.855 49.314-24.855Q49.044-24.855 48.810-24.719Q48.576-24.582 48.437-24.348Q48.299-24.114 48.299-23.840L48.299-22.480Q48.299-22.343 48.449-22.307Q48.600-22.271 48.825-22.271L48.825-21.991M51.518-23.474Q51.518-23.816 51.653-24.115Q51.788-24.414 52.028-24.638Q52.267-24.862 52.585-24.987Q52.903-25.112 53.234-25.112Q53.679-25.112 54.079-24.896Q54.478-24.681 54.713-24.303Q54.947-23.926 54.947-23.474Q54.947-23.133 54.805-22.849Q54.663-22.565 54.419-22.358Q54.174-22.152 53.865-22.037Q53.556-21.923 53.234-21.923Q52.804-21.923 52.402-22.124Q52-22.326 51.759-22.678Q51.518-23.030 51.518-23.474M53.234-22.172Q53.836-22.172 54.060-22.550Q54.284-22.928 54.284-23.560Q54.284-24.172 54.049-24.531Q53.815-24.889 53.234-24.889Q52.182-24.889 52.182-23.560Q52.182-22.928 52.407-22.550Q52.633-22.172 53.234-22.172M56.068-22.832L56.068-24.729L55.429-24.729L55.429-24.951Q55.746-24.951 55.964-25.161Q56.181-25.371 56.281-25.681Q56.382-25.990 56.382-26.298L56.649-26.298L56.649-25.009L57.725-25.009L57.725-24.729L56.649-24.729L56.649-22.845Q56.649-22.569 56.753-22.370Q56.857-22.172 57.117-22.172Q57.274-22.172 57.380-22.276Q57.486-22.381 57.536-22.534Q57.585-22.688 57.585-22.845L57.585-23.259L57.852-23.259L57.852-22.832Q57.852-22.606 57.753-22.396Q57.654-22.186 57.469-22.054Q57.285-21.923 57.056-21.923Q56.618-21.923 56.343-22.160Q56.068-22.398 56.068-22.832M60.279-21.991L58.727-21.991L58.727-22.271Q58.953-22.271 59.101-22.305Q59.250-22.340 59.250-22.480L59.250-24.329Q59.250-24.517 59.202-24.601Q59.154-24.684 59.057-24.703Q58.959-24.722 58.747-24.722L58.747-25.002L59.804-25.077L59.804-22.480Q59.804-22.340 59.935-22.305Q60.067-22.271 60.279-22.271L60.279-21.991M59.007-26.298Q59.007-26.469 59.130-26.588Q59.253-26.708 59.424-26.708Q59.592-26.708 59.715-26.588Q59.838-26.469 59.838-26.298Q59.838-26.123 59.715-26Q59.592-25.877 59.424-25.877Q59.253-25.877 59.130-26Q59.007-26.123 59.007-26.298M60.925-23.502Q60.925-23.830 61.060-24.131Q61.195-24.431 61.431-24.652Q61.666-24.872 61.971-24.992Q62.275-25.112 62.600-25.112Q63.105-25.112 63.454-25.009Q63.803-24.907 63.803-24.531Q63.803-24.384 63.705-24.283Q63.608-24.182 63.461-24.182Q63.307-24.182 63.208-24.281Q63.109-24.380 63.109-24.531Q63.109-24.719 63.249-24.811Q63.047-24.862 62.606-24.862Q62.251-24.862 62.022-24.666Q61.793-24.469 61.692-24.160Q61.591-23.850 61.591-23.502Q61.591-23.153 61.718-22.847Q61.844-22.541 62.099-22.357Q62.353-22.172 62.709-22.172Q62.931-22.172 63.116-22.256Q63.300-22.340 63.435-22.495Q63.570-22.651 63.628-22.859Q63.642-22.914 63.697-22.914L63.809-22.914Q63.840-22.914 63.862-22.890Q63.885-22.866 63.885-22.832L63.885-22.811Q63.799-22.524 63.611-22.326Q63.423-22.128 63.158-22.025Q62.893-21.923 62.600-21.923Q62.169-21.923 61.781-22.129Q61.393-22.336 61.159-22.699Q60.925-23.061 60.925-23.502M64.432-23.526Q64.432-23.847 64.556-24.136Q64.681-24.425 64.907-24.648Q65.132-24.872 65.428-24.992Q65.724-25.112 66.041-25.112Q66.370-25.112 66.631-25.012Q66.892-24.913 67.069-24.731Q67.245-24.548 67.339-24.290Q67.433-24.032 67.433-23.700Q67.433-23.608 67.350-23.587L65.095-23.587L65.095-23.526Q65.095-22.938 65.378-22.555Q65.662-22.172 66.229-22.172Q66.551-22.172 66.819-22.365Q67.087-22.558 67.176-22.873Q67.183-22.914 67.258-22.928L67.350-22.928Q67.433-22.904 67.433-22.832Q67.433-22.825 67.426-22.798Q67.313-22.401 66.942-22.162Q66.571-21.923 66.147-21.923Q65.710-21.923 65.310-22.131Q64.910-22.340 64.671-22.707Q64.432-23.074 64.432-23.526M65.101-23.796L66.916-23.796Q66.916-24.073 66.819-24.325Q66.722-24.578 66.523-24.734Q66.325-24.889 66.041-24.889Q65.765-24.889 65.551-24.731Q65.337-24.572 65.219-24.317Q65.101-24.062 65.101-23.796\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"m-1.51-23.704 39.774-7.955M46.83-24.636v17.35M56.77-.857l36.55-16.447M55.395-31.659l37.14 7.428\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fsvg>\u003Cfigcaption class=\"tikz-cap\">Label propagation (SentProp). Seed words (double outline) are planted at each pole; a random walk over the k-nearest-neighbor graph carries polarity to nearby words. Blue = positive-visited, red = negative-visited, black = neutral.\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>","\u003Csvg style=\"width:100%;max-width:414.130px;height:auto\" xmlns=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg\" viewBox=\"-75 -75 310.598 91.759\">\u003Cg stroke=\"currentColor\" style=\"stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-width:.4\">\u003Cg stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-65.403-18.01h62.596v-22.762h-62.596Z\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr8\" font-size=\"8\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-16.413 2.683)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-31.859-29.391L-33.839-29.391L-33.839-29.688Q-33.570-29.688-33.402-29.733Q-33.234-29.778-33.234-29.950L-33.234-32.086Q-33.234-32.301-33.296-32.397Q-33.359-32.493-33.476-32.514Q-33.593-32.536-33.839-32.536L-33.839-32.832L-32.671-32.918L-32.671-32.133Q-32.593-32.344-32.441-32.530Q-32.289-32.715-32.089-32.817Q-31.890-32.918-31.664-32.918Q-31.417-32.918-31.226-32.774Q-31.035-32.629-31.035-32.399Q-31.035-32.243-31.140-32.133Q-31.246-32.024-31.402-32.024Q-31.558-32.024-31.667-32.133Q-31.777-32.243-31.777-32.399Q-31.777-32.559-31.671-32.664Q-31.996-32.664-32.210-32.436Q-32.425-32.207-32.521-31.868Q-32.617-31.528-32.617-31.223L-32.617-29.950Q-32.617-29.782-32.390-29.735Q-32.164-29.688-31.859-29.688L-31.859-29.391M-30.554-31.086Q-30.554-31.590-30.298-32.022Q-30.042-32.453-29.607-32.705Q-29.171-32.957-28.671-32.957Q-28.285-32.957-27.943-32.813Q-27.601-32.668-27.339-32.407Q-27.078-32.145-26.935-31.809Q-26.792-31.473-26.792-31.086Q-26.792-30.594-27.056-30.184Q-27.320-29.774-27.750-29.543Q-28.179-29.313-28.671-29.313Q-29.164-29.313-29.597-29.545Q-30.031-29.778-30.292-30.186Q-30.554-30.594-30.554-31.086M-28.671-29.590Q-28.214-29.590-27.962-29.813Q-27.710-30.036-27.623-30.387Q-27.535-30.739-27.535-31.184Q-27.535-31.614-27.628-31.952Q-27.722-32.289-27.976-32.496Q-28.230-32.703-28.671-32.703Q-29.320-32.703-29.564-32.287Q-29.808-31.871-29.808-31.184Q-29.808-30.739-29.720-30.387Q-29.632-30.036-29.380-29.813Q-29.128-29.590-28.671-29.590M-24.378-29.391L-26.234-29.391L-26.234-29.688Q-25.960-29.688-25.792-29.735Q-25.625-29.782-25.625-29.950L-25.625-32.086Q-25.625-32.301-25.687-32.397Q-25.750-32.493-25.869-32.514Q-25.988-32.536-26.234-32.536L-26.234-32.832L-25.042-32.918L-25.042-32.184Q-24.929-32.399-24.736-32.567Q-24.542-32.735-24.304-32.827Q-24.066-32.918-23.812-32.918Q-22.851-32.918-22.675-32.207Q-22.492-32.536-22.164-32.727Q-21.835-32.918-21.457-32.918Q-20.281-32.918-20.281-31.840L-20.281-29.950Q-20.281-29.782-20.113-29.735Q-19.945-29.688-19.675-29.688L-19.675-29.391L-21.531-29.391L-21.531-29.688Q-21.257-29.688-21.089-29.733Q-20.921-29.778-20.921-29.950L-20.921-31.825Q-20.921-32.211-21.046-32.438Q-21.171-32.664-21.523-32.664Q-21.828-32.664-22.084-32.502Q-22.339-32.340-22.488-32.071Q-22.636-31.801-22.636-31.504L-22.636-29.950Q-22.636-29.782-22.466-29.735Q-22.296-29.688-22.027-29.688L-22.027-29.391L-23.882-29.391L-23.882-29.688Q-23.609-29.688-23.441-29.735Q-23.273-29.782-23.273-29.950L-23.273-31.825Q-23.273-32.211-23.398-32.438Q-23.523-32.664-23.875-32.664Q-24.179-32.664-24.435-32.502Q-24.691-32.340-24.839-32.071Q-24.988-31.801-24.988-31.504L-24.988-29.950Q-24.988-29.782-24.818-29.735Q-24.648-29.688-24.378-29.688L-24.378-29.391M-19.132-30.223Q-19.132-30.707-18.730-31.002Q-18.328-31.297-17.777-31.416Q-17.226-31.536-16.734-31.536L-16.734-31.825Q-16.734-32.051-16.849-32.258Q-16.964-32.465-17.162-32.584Q-17.359-32.703-17.589-32.703Q-18.015-32.703-18.300-32.598Q-18.230-32.571-18.183-32.516Q-18.136-32.461-18.111-32.391Q-18.085-32.321-18.085-32.246Q-18.085-32.141-18.136-32.049Q-18.187-31.957-18.279-31.907Q-18.371-31.856-18.476-31.856Q-18.582-31.856-18.673-31.907Q-18.765-31.957-18.816-32.049Q-18.867-32.141-18.867-32.246Q-18.867-32.664-18.478-32.811Q-18.089-32.957-17.589-32.957Q-17.257-32.957-16.904-32.827Q-16.550-32.696-16.322-32.442Q-16.093-32.188-16.093-31.840L-16.093-30.039Q-16.093-29.907-16.021-29.797Q-15.949-29.688-15.820-29.688Q-15.695-29.688-15.626-29.793Q-15.558-29.899-15.558-30.039L-15.558-30.551L-15.277-30.551L-15.277-30.039Q-15.277-29.836-15.394-29.678Q-15.511-29.520-15.693-29.436Q-15.875-29.352-16.078-29.352Q-16.308-29.352-16.460-29.524Q-16.613-29.696-16.644-29.926Q-16.804-29.645-17.113-29.479Q-17.421-29.313-17.773-29.313Q-18.285-29.313-18.709-29.536Q-19.132-29.758-19.132-30.223M-18.445-30.223Q-18.445-29.938-18.218-29.752Q-17.992-29.567-17.699-29.567Q-17.453-29.567-17.228-29.684Q-17.003-29.801-16.869-30.004Q-16.734-30.207-16.734-30.461L-16.734-31.293Q-17-31.293-17.285-31.239Q-17.570-31.184-17.841-31.055Q-18.113-30.926-18.279-30.719Q-18.445-30.512-18.445-30.223M-13.054-29.391L-14.910-29.391L-14.910-29.688Q-14.636-29.688-14.468-29.735Q-14.300-29.782-14.300-29.950L-14.300-32.086Q-14.300-32.301-14.363-32.397Q-14.425-32.493-14.544-32.514Q-14.664-32.536-14.910-32.536L-14.910-32.832L-13.718-32.918L-13.718-32.184Q-13.605-32.399-13.412-32.567Q-13.218-32.735-12.980-32.827Q-12.742-32.918-12.488-32.918Q-11.320-32.918-11.320-31.840L-11.320-29.950Q-11.320-29.782-11.150-29.735Q-10.980-29.688-10.710-29.688L-10.710-29.391L-12.566-29.391L-12.566-29.688Q-12.292-29.688-12.125-29.735Q-11.957-29.782-11.957-29.950L-11.957-31.825Q-11.957-32.207-12.078-32.436Q-12.199-32.664-12.550-32.664Q-12.863-32.664-13.117-32.502Q-13.371-32.340-13.517-32.071Q-13.664-31.801-13.664-31.504L-13.664-29.950Q-13.664-29.782-13.494-29.735Q-13.324-29.688-13.054-29.688\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-16.413 2.683)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-9.860-30.352L-9.860-32.543L-10.563-32.543L-10.563-32.797Q-10.207-32.797-9.965-33.030Q-9.723-33.262-9.612-33.610Q-9.500-33.957-9.500-34.313L-9.219-34.313L-9.219-32.840L-8.043-32.840L-8.043-32.543L-9.219-32.543L-9.219-30.368Q-9.219-30.047-9.100-29.819Q-8.981-29.590-8.700-29.590Q-8.520-29.590-8.403-29.713Q-8.286-29.836-8.233-30.016Q-8.180-30.196-8.180-30.368L-8.180-30.840L-7.899-30.840L-7.899-30.352Q-7.899-30.098-8.004-29.858Q-8.110-29.618-8.307-29.465Q-8.504-29.313-8.762-29.313Q-9.078-29.313-9.330-29.436Q-9.582-29.559-9.721-29.793Q-9.860-30.028-9.860-30.352M-5.321-29.391L-7.098-29.391L-7.098-29.688Q-6.825-29.688-6.657-29.735Q-6.489-29.782-6.489-29.950L-6.489-32.086Q-6.489-32.301-6.545-32.397Q-6.602-32.493-6.715-32.514Q-6.828-32.536-7.075-32.536L-7.075-32.832L-5.875-32.918L-5.875-29.950Q-5.875-29.782-5.729-29.735Q-5.582-29.688-5.321-29.688L-5.321-29.391M-6.762-34.313Q-6.762-34.504-6.627-34.635Q-6.493-34.766-6.297-34.766Q-6.176-34.766-6.073-34.703Q-5.969-34.641-5.907-34.537Q-5.844-34.434-5.844-34.313Q-5.844-34.118-5.975-33.983Q-6.106-33.848-6.297-33.848Q-6.496-33.848-6.629-33.981Q-6.762-34.114-6.762-34.313M-4.778-31.118Q-4.778-31.614-4.528-32.039Q-4.278-32.465-3.858-32.711Q-3.438-32.957-2.938-32.957Q-2.399-32.957-2.008-32.832Q-1.618-32.707-1.618-32.293Q-1.618-32.188-1.668-32.096Q-1.719-32.004-1.811-31.953Q-1.903-31.903-2.012-31.903Q-2.118-31.903-2.209-31.953Q-2.301-32.004-2.352-32.096Q-2.403-32.188-2.403-32.293Q-2.403-32.516-2.235-32.621Q-2.457-32.680-2.930-32.680Q-3.227-32.680-3.442-32.541Q-3.657-32.403-3.787-32.172Q-3.918-31.942-3.977-31.672Q-4.036-31.403-4.036-31.118Q-4.036-30.723-3.903-30.373Q-3.770-30.024-3.498-29.807Q-3.227-29.590-2.828-29.590Q-2.453-29.590-2.178-29.807Q-1.903-30.024-1.801-30.383Q-1.786-30.446-1.723-30.446L-1.618-30.446Q-1.582-30.446-1.557-30.418Q-1.532-30.391-1.532-30.352L-1.532-30.328Q-1.664-29.848-2.049-29.580Q-2.434-29.313-2.938-29.313Q-3.301-29.313-3.635-29.450Q-3.969-29.586-4.229-29.836Q-4.489-30.086-4.633-30.422Q-4.778-30.758-4.778-31.118\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M56.944-49.308h62.596V-72.07H56.944Z\"\u002F>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr8\" font-size=\"8\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(106.291 -28.52)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-33.867-31.145Q-33.867-31.625-33.634-32.041Q-33.402-32.457-32.992-32.707Q-32.582-32.957-32.105-32.957Q-31.375-32.957-30.976-32.516Q-30.578-32.075-30.578-31.344Q-30.578-31.239-30.671-31.215L-33.121-31.215L-33.121-31.145Q-33.121-30.735-33-30.379Q-32.878-30.024-32.607-29.807Q-32.335-29.590-31.906-29.590Q-31.542-29.590-31.246-29.819Q-30.949-30.047-30.847-30.399Q-30.839-30.446-30.753-30.461L-30.671-30.461Q-30.578-30.434-30.578-30.352Q-30.578-30.344-30.585-30.313Q-30.648-30.086-30.787-29.903Q-30.925-29.719-31.117-29.586Q-31.308-29.453-31.527-29.383Q-31.746-29.313-31.984-29.313Q-32.355-29.313-32.693-29.450Q-33.031-29.586-33.298-29.838Q-33.566-30.090-33.716-30.430Q-33.867-30.770-33.867-31.145M-33.113-31.453L-31.152-31.453Q-31.152-31.758-31.253-32.049Q-31.355-32.340-31.572-32.522Q-31.789-32.703-32.105-32.703Q-32.406-32.703-32.636-32.516Q-32.867-32.328-32.990-32.037Q-33.113-31.746-33.113-31.453M-28.703-29.391L-30.199-29.391L-30.199-29.688Q-29.566-29.688-29.144-30.168L-28.375-31.078L-29.367-32.278Q-29.523-32.457-29.685-32.500Q-29.847-32.543-30.152-32.543L-30.152-32.840L-28.464-32.840L-28.464-32.543Q-28.558-32.543-28.634-32.500Q-28.710-32.457-28.710-32.368Q-28.710-32.325-28.679-32.278L-28.023-31.489L-27.542-32.063Q-27.425-32.200-27.425-32.336Q-27.425-32.426-27.476-32.485Q-27.527-32.543-27.609-32.543L-27.609-32.840L-26.121-32.840L-26.121-32.543Q-26.757-32.543-27.167-32.063L-27.847-31.262L-26.761-29.950Q-26.601-29.774-26.441-29.731Q-26.281-29.688-25.976-29.688L-25.976-29.391L-27.664-29.391L-27.664-29.688Q-27.574-29.688-27.496-29.731Q-27.417-29.774-27.417-29.864Q-27.417-29.887-27.449-29.950L-28.191-30.856L-28.777-30.168Q-28.894-30.032-28.894-29.895Q-28.894-29.809-28.843-29.748Q-28.792-29.688-28.703-29.688L-28.703-29.391M-25.566-31.118Q-25.566-31.614-25.316-32.039Q-25.066-32.465-24.646-32.711Q-24.226-32.957-23.726-32.957Q-23.187-32.957-22.796-32.832Q-22.406-32.707-22.406-32.293Q-22.406-32.188-22.457-32.096Q-22.507-32.004-22.599-31.953Q-22.691-31.903-22.800-31.903Q-22.906-31.903-22.998-31.953Q-23.089-32.004-23.140-32.096Q-23.191-32.188-23.191-32.293Q-23.191-32.516-23.023-32.621Q-23.246-32.680-23.718-32.680Q-24.015-32.680-24.230-32.541Q-24.445-32.403-24.576-32.172Q-24.707-31.942-24.765-31.672Q-24.824-31.403-24.824-31.118Q-24.824-30.723-24.691-30.373Q-24.558-30.024-24.287-29.807Q-24.015-29.590-23.617-29.590Q-23.242-29.590-22.966-29.807Q-22.691-30.024-22.589-30.383Q-22.574-30.446-22.511-30.446L-22.406-30.446Q-22.371-30.446-22.345-30.418Q-22.320-30.391-22.320-30.352L-22.320-30.328Q-22.453-29.848-22.837-29.580Q-23.222-29.313-23.726-29.313Q-24.089-29.313-24.423-29.450Q-24.757-29.586-25.017-29.836Q-25.277-30.086-25.421-30.422Q-25.566-30.758-25.566-31.118M-21.832-31.145Q-21.832-31.625-21.599-32.041Q-21.367-32.457-20.957-32.707Q-20.546-32.957-20.070-32.957Q-19.339-32.957-18.941-32.516Q-18.542-32.075-18.542-31.344Q-18.542-31.239-18.636-31.215L-21.085-31.215L-21.085-31.145Q-21.085-30.735-20.964-30.379Q-20.843-30.024-20.572-29.807Q-20.300-29.590-19.871-29.590Q-19.507-29.590-19.210-29.819Q-18.914-30.047-18.812-30.399Q-18.804-30.446-18.718-30.461L-18.636-30.461Q-18.542-30.434-18.542-30.352Q-18.542-30.344-18.550-30.313Q-18.613-30.086-18.751-29.903Q-18.890-29.719-19.082-29.586Q-19.273-29.453-19.492-29.383Q-19.710-29.313-19.949-29.313Q-20.320-29.313-20.658-29.450Q-20.996-29.586-21.263-29.838Q-21.531-30.090-21.681-30.430Q-21.832-30.770-21.832-31.145M-21.078-31.453L-19.117-31.453Q-19.117-31.758-19.218-32.049Q-19.320-32.340-19.537-32.522Q-19.753-32.703-20.070-32.703Q-20.371-32.703-20.601-32.516Q-20.832-32.328-20.955-32.037Q-21.078-31.746-21.078-31.453M-16.140-29.391L-17.972-29.391L-17.972-29.688Q-17.699-29.688-17.531-29.735Q-17.363-29.782-17.363-29.950L-17.363-34.110Q-17.363-34.325-17.425-34.420Q-17.488-34.516-17.607-34.537Q-17.726-34.559-17.972-34.559L-17.972-34.856L-16.750-34.942L-16.750-29.950Q-16.750-29.782-16.582-29.735Q-16.414-29.688-16.140-29.688L-16.140-29.391M-13.781-29.391L-15.613-29.391L-15.613-29.688Q-15.339-29.688-15.171-29.735Q-15.003-29.782-15.003-29.950L-15.003-34.110Q-15.003-34.325-15.066-34.420Q-15.128-34.516-15.248-34.537Q-15.367-34.559-15.613-34.559L-15.613-34.856L-14.390-34.942L-14.390-29.950Q-14.390-29.782-14.222-29.735Q-14.054-29.688-13.781-29.688L-13.781-29.391M-13.335-31.145Q-13.335-31.625-13.103-32.041Q-12.871-32.457-12.460-32.707Q-12.050-32.957-11.574-32.957Q-10.843-32.957-10.445-32.516Q-10.046-32.075-10.046-31.344Q-10.046-31.239-10.140-31.215L-12.589-31.215L-12.589-31.145Q-12.589-30.735-12.468-30.379Q-12.347-30.024-12.076-29.807Q-11.804-29.590-11.375-29.590Q-11.011-29.590-10.714-29.819Q-10.417-30.047-10.316-30.399Q-10.308-30.446-10.222-30.461L-10.140-30.461Q-10.046-30.434-10.046-30.352Q-10.046-30.344-10.054-30.313Q-10.117-30.086-10.255-29.903Q-10.394-29.719-10.585-29.586Q-10.777-29.453-10.996-29.383Q-11.214-29.313-11.453-29.313Q-11.824-29.313-12.162-29.450Q-12.500-29.586-12.767-29.838Q-13.035-30.090-13.185-30.430Q-13.335-30.770-13.335-31.145M-12.582-31.453L-10.621-31.453Q-10.621-31.758-10.722-32.049Q-10.824-32.340-11.041-32.522Q-11.257-32.703-11.574-32.703Q-11.875-32.703-12.105-32.516Q-12.335-32.328-12.459-32.037Q-12.582-31.746-12.582-31.453M-7.628-29.391L-9.484-29.391L-9.484-29.688Q-9.210-29.688-9.042-29.735Q-8.875-29.782-8.875-29.950L-8.875-32.086Q-8.875-32.301-8.937-32.397Q-9-32.493-9.119-32.514Q-9.238-32.536-9.484-32.536L-9.484-32.832L-8.292-32.918L-8.292-32.184Q-8.179-32.399-7.986-32.567Q-7.792-32.735-7.554-32.827Q-7.316-32.918-7.062-32.918Q-5.894-32.918-5.894-31.840L-5.894-29.950Q-5.894-29.782-5.724-29.735Q-5.554-29.688-5.285-29.688L-5.285-29.391L-7.140-29.391L-7.140-29.688Q-6.867-29.688-6.699-29.735Q-6.531-29.782-6.531-29.950L-6.531-31.825Q-6.531-32.207-6.652-32.436Q-6.773-32.664-7.125-32.664Q-7.437-32.664-7.691-32.502Q-7.945-32.340-8.091-32.071Q-8.238-31.801-8.238-31.504L-8.238-29.950Q-8.238-29.782-8.068-29.735Q-7.898-29.688-7.628-29.688\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(106.291 -28.52)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-4.436-30.352L-4.436-32.543L-5.139-32.543L-5.139-32.797Q-4.783-32.797-4.541-33.030Q-4.299-33.262-4.188-33.610Q-4.076-33.957-4.076-34.313L-3.795-34.313L-3.795-32.840L-2.619-32.840L-2.619-32.543L-3.795-32.543L-3.795-30.368Q-3.795-30.047-3.676-29.819Q-3.557-29.590-3.276-29.590Q-3.096-29.590-2.979-29.713Q-2.862-29.836-2.809-30.016Q-2.756-30.196-2.756-30.368L-2.756-30.840L-2.475-30.840L-2.475-30.352Q-2.475-30.098-2.580-29.858Q-2.686-29.618-2.883-29.465Q-3.080-29.313-3.338-29.313Q-3.654-29.313-3.906-29.436Q-4.158-29.559-4.297-29.793Q-4.436-30.028-4.436-30.352\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M56.944 13.289h62.596V-9.474H56.944Z\"\u002F>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr8\" font-size=\"8\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(113.843 32.243)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-31.984-27.840L-33.839-27.840L-33.839-28.133Q-33.570-28.133-33.402-28.178Q-33.234-28.223-33.234-28.399L-33.234-32.223Q-33.234-32.430-33.390-32.483Q-33.546-32.536-33.839-32.536L-33.839-32.832L-32.617-32.918L-32.617-32.453Q-32.386-32.676-32.072-32.797Q-31.757-32.918-31.417-32.918Q-30.945-32.918-30.541-32.672Q-30.136-32.426-29.904-32.010Q-29.671-31.594-29.671-31.118Q-29.671-30.743-29.820-30.414Q-29.968-30.086-30.238-29.834Q-30.507-29.582-30.851-29.448Q-31.195-29.313-31.554-29.313Q-31.843-29.313-32.115-29.434Q-32.386-29.555-32.593-29.766L-32.593-28.399Q-32.593-28.223-32.425-28.178Q-32.257-28.133-31.984-28.133L-31.984-27.840M-32.593-32.055L-32.593-30.215Q-32.441-29.926-32.179-29.746Q-31.917-29.567-31.609-29.567Q-31.324-29.567-31.101-29.705Q-30.878-29.844-30.726-30.075Q-30.574-30.305-30.496-30.577Q-30.417-30.848-30.417-31.118Q-30.417-31.450-30.542-31.807Q-30.667-32.164-30.916-32.401Q-31.164-32.637-31.511-32.637Q-31.835-32.637-32.130-32.481Q-32.425-32.325-32.593-32.055\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(113.843 32.243)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-28.909-31.086Q-28.909-31.590-28.653-32.022Q-28.397-32.453-27.961-32.705Q-27.526-32.957-27.026-32.957Q-26.639-32.957-26.297-32.813Q-25.956-32.668-25.694-32.407Q-25.432-32.145-25.290-31.809Q-25.147-31.473-25.147-31.086Q-25.147-30.594-25.411-30.184Q-25.674-29.774-26.104-29.543Q-26.534-29.313-27.026-29.313Q-27.518-29.313-27.952-29.545Q-28.385-29.778-28.647-30.186Q-28.909-30.594-28.909-31.086M-27.026-29.590Q-26.569-29.590-26.317-29.813Q-26.065-30.036-25.977-30.387Q-25.889-30.739-25.889-31.184Q-25.889-31.614-25.983-31.952Q-26.077-32.289-26.331-32.496Q-26.584-32.703-27.026-32.703Q-27.674-32.703-27.918-32.287Q-28.163-31.871-28.163-31.184Q-28.163-30.739-28.075-30.387Q-27.987-30.036-27.735-29.813Q-27.483-29.590-27.026-29.590\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(113.843 32.243)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-24.423-31.086Q-24.423-31.590-24.167-32.022Q-23.911-32.453-23.475-32.705Q-23.040-32.957-22.540-32.957Q-22.153-32.957-21.811-32.813Q-21.470-32.668-21.208-32.407Q-20.946-32.145-20.804-31.809Q-20.661-31.473-20.661-31.086Q-20.661-30.594-20.925-30.184Q-21.188-29.774-21.618-29.543Q-22.048-29.313-22.540-29.313Q-23.032-29.313-23.466-29.545Q-23.899-29.778-24.161-30.186Q-24.423-30.594-24.423-31.086M-22.540-29.590Q-22.083-29.590-21.831-29.813Q-21.579-30.036-21.491-30.387Q-21.403-30.739-21.403-31.184Q-21.403-31.614-21.497-31.952Q-21.591-32.289-21.845-32.496Q-22.099-32.703-22.540-32.703Q-23.188-32.703-23.432-32.287Q-23.677-31.871-23.677-31.184Q-23.677-30.739-23.589-30.387Q-23.501-30.036-23.249-29.813Q-22.997-29.590-22.540-29.590M-18.169-29.391L-20.149-29.391L-20.149-29.688Q-19.880-29.688-19.712-29.733Q-19.544-29.778-19.544-29.950L-19.544-32.086Q-19.544-32.301-19.606-32.397Q-19.669-32.493-19.786-32.514Q-19.903-32.536-20.149-32.536L-20.149-32.832L-18.981-32.918L-18.981-32.133Q-18.903-32.344-18.751-32.530Q-18.599-32.715-18.399-32.817Q-18.200-32.918-17.974-32.918Q-17.727-32.918-17.536-32.774Q-17.345-32.629-17.345-32.399Q-17.345-32.243-17.450-32.133Q-17.556-32.024-17.712-32.024Q-17.868-32.024-17.977-32.133Q-18.087-32.243-18.087-32.399Q-18.087-32.559-17.981-32.664Q-18.306-32.664-18.520-32.436Q-18.735-32.207-18.831-31.868Q-18.927-31.528-18.927-31.223L-18.927-29.950Q-18.927-29.782-18.700-29.735Q-18.474-29.688-18.169-29.688\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" style=\"stroke-width:.8\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"m-2.607-37.447 56.832-14.55\"\u002F>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"m56.744-52.641-4.546-.984 2.027 1.628-.995 2.402\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(16.232 -19.387)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-31.579-29.391L-33.712-29.391L-33.712-29.671Q-32.991-29.671-32.991-29.880L-32.991-33.681Q-32.991-33.892-33.712-33.892L-33.712-34.173L-31.046-34.173Q-30.636-34.173-30.215-34.019Q-29.795-33.865-29.511-33.561Q-29.228-33.257-29.228-32.843Q-29.228-32.525-29.395-32.279Q-29.563-32.033-29.839-31.867Q-30.116-31.702-30.438-31.618Q-30.759-31.534-31.046-31.534L-32.300-31.534L-32.300-29.880Q-32.300-29.671-31.579-29.671L-31.579-29.391M-32.328-33.681L-32.328-31.784L-31.241-31.784Q-30.632-31.784-30.318-32.021Q-30.003-32.259-30.003-32.843Q-30.003-33.236-30.149-33.470Q-30.294-33.704-30.566-33.798Q-30.837-33.892-31.241-33.892L-31.962-33.892Q-32.150-33.892-32.239-33.858Q-32.328-33.824-32.328-33.681M-26.579-29.391L-28.315-29.391L-28.315-29.671Q-27.594-29.671-27.594-30.071L-27.594-33.681Q-27.594-33.892-28.315-33.892L-28.315-34.173L-26.958-34.173Q-26.862-34.173-26.811-34.074L-25.136-30.099L-23.465-34.074Q-23.417-34.173-23.318-34.173L-21.968-34.173L-21.968-33.892Q-22.689-33.892-22.689-33.681L-22.689-29.880Q-22.689-29.671-21.968-29.671L-21.968-29.391L-24.025-29.391L-24.025-29.671Q-23.304-29.671-23.304-29.880L-23.304-33.892L-25.157-29.490Q-25.205-29.391-25.314-29.391Q-25.427-29.391-25.475-29.490L-27.300-33.821L-27.300-30.071Q-27.300-29.671-26.579-29.671L-26.579-29.391M-19.001-29.391L-21.206-29.391L-21.206-29.671Q-20.447-29.671-20.447-29.880L-20.447-33.681Q-20.447-33.892-21.206-33.892L-21.206-34.173L-19.001-34.173L-19.001-33.892Q-19.756-33.892-19.756-33.681L-19.756-29.880Q-19.756-29.671-19.001-29.671\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(16.232 -19.387)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-10.470-30.198L-15.303-30.198Q-15.371-30.208-15.417-30.254Q-15.463-30.300-15.463-30.372Q-15.463-30.437-15.417-30.483Q-15.371-30.529-15.303-30.539L-10.470-30.539Q-10.401-30.529-10.355-30.483Q-10.309-30.437-10.309-30.372Q-10.309-30.300-10.355-30.254Q-10.401-30.208-10.470-30.198M-10.470-31.736L-15.303-31.736Q-15.371-31.746-15.417-31.792Q-15.463-31.838-15.463-31.910Q-15.463-32.054-15.303-32.078L-10.470-32.078Q-10.309-32.054-10.309-31.910Q-10.309-31.838-10.355-31.792Q-10.401-31.746-10.470-31.736\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(16.232 -19.387)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-3.793-29.391L-6.323-29.391L-6.323-29.671Q-5.355-29.671-5.355-29.880L-5.355-33.499Q-5.748-33.311-6.370-33.311L-6.370-33.592Q-5.953-33.592-5.589-33.693Q-5.225-33.793-4.969-34.039L-4.843-34.039Q-4.778-34.022-4.761-33.954L-4.761-29.880Q-4.761-29.671-3.793-29.671L-3.793-29.391M-2.423-29.811Q-2.423-29.979-2.300-30.102Q-2.177-30.225-2.002-30.225Q-1.835-30.225-1.712-30.102Q-1.589-29.979-1.589-29.811Q-1.589-29.637-1.712-29.514Q-1.835-29.391-2.002-29.391Q-2.177-29.391-2.300-29.514Q-2.423-29.637-2.423-29.811M0.100-29.705Q0.219-29.589 0.397-29.547Q0.575-29.504 0.790-29.504Q1.029-29.504 1.240-29.613Q1.450-29.723 1.604-29.905Q1.757-30.088 1.857-30.321Q2.024-30.748 2.024-31.568Q1.874-31.274 1.610-31.095Q1.347-30.915 1.029-30.915Q0.595-30.915 0.248-31.124Q-0.098-31.332-0.297-31.693Q-0.495-32.054-0.495-32.477Q-0.495-32.812-0.365-33.101Q-0.235-33.390-0.004-33.604Q0.226-33.817 0.525-33.928Q0.824-34.039 1.156-34.039Q2.014-34.039 2.369-33.325Q2.725-32.611 2.725-31.654Q2.725-31.237 2.597-30.809Q2.468-30.382 2.212-30.027Q1.956-29.671 1.593-29.461Q1.231-29.251 0.790-29.251Q0.336-29.251 0.018-29.439Q-0.300-29.627-0.300-30.051Q-0.300-30.201-0.201-30.300Q-0.102-30.399 0.048-30.399Q0.117-30.399 0.183-30.372Q0.250-30.345 0.295-30.300Q0.339-30.256 0.366-30.189Q0.394-30.122 0.394-30.051Q0.394-29.921 0.313-29.823Q0.233-29.726 0.100-29.705M1.070-31.141Q1.364-31.141 1.580-31.319Q1.795-31.496 1.903-31.772Q2.010-32.047 2.010-32.337Q2.010-32.382 2.009-32.409Q2.007-32.436 2.004-32.471Q2.007-32.481 2.009-32.488Q2.010-32.495 2.010-32.505Q2.010-33.007 1.812-33.407Q1.614-33.807 1.156-33.807Q0.589-33.807 0.395-33.448Q0.202-33.089 0.202-32.477Q0.202-32.091 0.257-31.808Q0.312-31.524 0.506-31.332Q0.701-31.141 1.070-31.141M6.433-29.391L3.904-29.391L3.904-29.671Q4.871-29.671 4.871-29.880L4.871-33.499Q4.478-33.311 3.856-33.311L3.856-33.592Q4.273-33.592 4.637-33.693Q5.001-33.793 5.257-34.039L5.384-34.039Q5.449-34.022 5.466-33.954L5.466-29.880Q5.466-29.671 6.433-29.671\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" style=\"stroke-width:.8\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"m-2.607-21.334 56.832 14.55\"\u002F>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"M56.744-6.14 53.23-9.186l.995 2.401-2.027 1.628\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(13.537 24.17)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-31.579-29.391L-33.712-29.391L-33.712-29.671Q-32.991-29.671-32.991-29.880L-32.991-33.681Q-32.991-33.892-33.712-33.892L-33.712-34.173L-31.046-34.173Q-30.636-34.173-30.215-34.019Q-29.795-33.865-29.511-33.561Q-29.228-33.257-29.228-32.843Q-29.228-32.525-29.395-32.279Q-29.563-32.033-29.839-31.867Q-30.116-31.702-30.438-31.618Q-30.759-31.534-31.046-31.534L-32.300-31.534L-32.300-29.880Q-32.300-29.671-31.579-29.671L-31.579-29.391M-32.328-33.681L-32.328-31.784L-31.241-31.784Q-30.632-31.784-30.318-32.021Q-30.003-32.259-30.003-32.843Q-30.003-33.236-30.149-33.470Q-30.294-33.704-30.566-33.798Q-30.837-33.892-31.241-33.892L-31.962-33.892Q-32.150-33.892-32.239-33.858Q-32.328-33.824-32.328-33.681M-26.579-29.391L-28.315-29.391L-28.315-29.671Q-27.594-29.671-27.594-30.071L-27.594-33.681Q-27.594-33.892-28.315-33.892L-28.315-34.173L-26.958-34.173Q-26.862-34.173-26.811-34.074L-25.136-30.099L-23.465-34.074Q-23.417-34.173-23.318-34.173L-21.968-34.173L-21.968-33.892Q-22.689-33.892-22.689-33.681L-22.689-29.880Q-22.689-29.671-21.968-29.671L-21.968-29.391L-24.025-29.391L-24.025-29.671Q-23.304-29.671-23.304-29.880L-23.304-33.892L-25.157-29.490Q-25.205-29.391-25.314-29.391Q-25.427-29.391-25.475-29.490L-27.300-33.821L-27.300-30.071Q-27.300-29.671-26.579-29.671L-26.579-29.391M-19.001-29.391L-21.206-29.391L-21.206-29.671Q-20.447-29.671-20.447-29.880L-20.447-33.681Q-20.447-33.892-21.206-33.892L-21.206-34.173L-19.001-34.173L-19.001-33.892Q-19.756-33.892-19.756-33.681L-19.756-29.880Q-19.756-29.671-19.001-29.671\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(13.537 24.17)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-10.470-30.198L-15.303-30.198Q-15.371-30.208-15.417-30.254Q-15.463-30.300-15.463-30.372Q-15.463-30.437-15.417-30.483Q-15.371-30.529-15.303-30.539L-10.470-30.539Q-10.401-30.529-10.355-30.483Q-10.309-30.437-10.309-30.372Q-10.309-30.300-10.355-30.254Q-10.401-30.208-10.470-30.198M-10.470-31.736L-15.303-31.736Q-15.371-31.746-15.417-31.792Q-15.463-31.838-15.463-31.910Q-15.463-32.054-15.303-32.078L-10.470-32.078Q-10.309-32.054-10.309-31.910Q-10.309-31.838-10.355-31.792Q-10.401-31.746-10.470-31.736\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(13.537 24.17)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-4.921-30.645L-6.979-30.645L-6.979-31.148L-4.921-31.148L-4.921-30.645M-2.443-29.251Q-3.079-29.251-3.443-29.596Q-3.807-29.941-3.942-30.466Q-4.077-30.991-4.077-31.616Q-4.077-32.641-3.722-33.340Q-3.366-34.039-2.443-34.039Q-1.517-34.039-1.165-33.340Q-0.813-32.641-0.813-31.616Q-0.813-30.991-0.948-30.466Q-1.083-29.941-1.445-29.596Q-1.807-29.251-2.443-29.251M-2.443-29.476Q-2.006-29.476-1.792-29.851Q-1.578-30.225-1.529-30.692Q-1.479-31.158-1.479-31.736Q-1.479-32.289-1.529-32.717Q-1.578-33.144-1.790-33.479Q-2.002-33.814-2.443-33.814Q-2.785-33.814-2.988-33.607Q-3.192-33.400-3.279-33.088Q-3.366-32.775-3.388-32.459Q-3.411-32.142-3.411-31.736Q-3.411-31.319-3.388-30.977Q-3.366-30.635-3.277-30.287Q-3.188-29.938-2.983-29.707Q-2.778-29.476-2.443-29.476M0.264-29.811Q0.264-29.979 0.387-30.102Q0.510-30.225 0.684-30.225Q0.852-30.225 0.975-30.102Q1.098-29.979 1.098-29.811Q1.098-29.637 0.975-29.514Q0.852-29.391 0.684-29.391Q0.510-29.391 0.387-29.514Q0.264-29.637 0.264-29.811M4.130-30.539L2.086-30.539L2.086-30.820L4.417-33.992Q4.451-34.039 4.516-34.039L4.652-34.039Q4.697-34.039 4.724-34.012Q4.752-33.985 4.752-33.940L4.752-30.820L5.514-30.820L5.514-30.539L4.752-30.539L4.752-29.880Q4.752-29.671 5.507-29.671L5.507-29.391L3.374-29.391L3.374-29.671Q4.130-29.671 4.130-29.880L4.130-30.539M4.177-33.264L2.386-30.820L4.177-30.820L4.177-33.264M9.120-29.391L6.235-29.391L6.235-29.593Q6.235-29.623 6.262-29.651L7.510-30.868Q7.582-30.943 7.624-30.985Q7.667-31.028 7.746-31.107Q8.159-31.520 8.390-31.878Q8.621-32.235 8.621-32.659Q8.621-32.891 8.542-33.094Q8.464-33.298 8.322-33.448Q8.180-33.599 7.985-33.679Q7.790-33.759 7.558-33.759Q7.247-33.759 6.989-33.600Q6.731-33.441 6.601-33.164L6.621-33.164Q6.789-33.164 6.896-33.053Q7.004-32.942 7.004-32.778Q7.004-32.621 6.895-32.508Q6.785-32.395 6.621-32.395Q6.461-32.395 6.348-32.508Q6.235-32.621 6.235-32.778Q6.235-33.154 6.444-33.441Q6.652-33.728 6.987-33.884Q7.322-34.039 7.677-34.039Q8.101-34.039 8.481-33.881Q8.860-33.722 9.094-33.405Q9.328-33.089 9.328-32.659Q9.328-32.348 9.188-32.079Q9.048-31.811 8.843-31.606Q8.638-31.401 8.276-31.119Q7.913-30.837 7.804-30.741L6.949-30.013L7.592-30.013Q7.855-30.013 8.144-30.015Q8.433-30.016 8.652-30.025Q8.870-30.034 8.887-30.051Q8.949-30.116 8.986-30.283Q9.024-30.451 9.062-30.693L9.328-30.693\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr8\" font-size=\"8\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(191.321 6.75)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-33.632-38.813L-33.632-40.618Q-33.632-40.645-33.601-40.676Q-33.570-40.707-33.546-40.707L-33.441-40.707Q-33.410-40.707-33.380-40.678Q-33.351-40.649-33.351-40.618Q-33.351-39.836-32.835-39.428Q-32.320-39.020-31.511-39.020Q-31.214-39.020-30.959-39.170Q-30.703-39.321-30.552-39.577Q-30.402-39.832-30.402-40.129Q-30.402-40.528-30.648-40.832Q-30.894-41.137-31.265-41.219L-32.386-41.477Q-32.726-41.551-33.013-41.772Q-33.300-41.993-33.466-42.311Q-33.632-42.629-33.632-42.981Q-33.632-43.411-33.402-43.766Q-33.171-44.121-32.791-44.323Q-32.410-44.524-31.984-44.524Q-31.734-44.524-31.488-44.465Q-31.242-44.407-31.023-44.284Q-30.804-44.161-30.640-43.981L-30.312-44.477Q-30.281-44.524-30.242-44.524L-30.195-44.524Q-30.167-44.524-30.136-44.493Q-30.105-44.461-30.105-44.434L-30.105-42.625Q-30.105-42.602-30.136-42.571Q-30.167-42.539-30.195-42.539L-30.296-42.539Q-30.328-42.539-30.357-42.569Q-30.386-42.598-30.386-42.625Q-30.386-42.758-30.429-42.944Q-30.472-43.129-30.537-43.284Q-30.601-43.438-30.701-43.596Q-30.800-43.754-30.890-43.844Q-31.320-44.250-31.984-44.250Q-32.261-44.250-32.521-44.118Q-32.781-43.985-32.939-43.750Q-33.097-43.516-33.097-43.235Q-33.097-42.879-32.857-42.608Q-32.617-42.336-32.250-42.250L-31.136-41.996Q-30.859-41.930-30.626-41.776Q-30.394-41.621-30.224-41.403Q-30.054-41.184-29.960-40.926Q-29.867-40.668-29.867-40.379Q-29.867-40.051-29.992-39.748Q-30.117-39.446-30.351-39.209Q-30.585-38.973-30.878-38.848Q-31.171-38.723-31.511-38.723Q-32.527-38.723-33.097-39.266L-33.425-38.770Q-33.457-38.723-33.496-38.723L-33.546-38.723Q-33.570-38.723-33.601-38.754Q-33.632-38.786-33.632-38.813M-26.082-38.723Q-26.664-38.723-27.181-38.950Q-27.699-39.176-28.087-39.575Q-28.476-39.973-28.695-40.498Q-28.914-41.024-28.914-41.594Q-28.914-42.364-28.539-43.041Q-28.164-43.719-27.513-44.121Q-26.863-44.524-26.082-44.524Q-25.308-44.524-24.658-44.121Q-24.007-43.719-23.632-43.041Q-23.257-42.364-23.257-41.594Q-23.257-41.024-23.478-40.493Q-23.699-39.961-24.084-39.569Q-24.468-39.176-24.986-38.950Q-25.503-38.723-26.082-38.723M-27.523-39.793Q-27.359-39.563-27.128-39.387Q-26.898-39.211-26.630-39.116Q-26.363-39.020-26.082-39.020Q-25.664-39.020-25.283-39.231Q-24.902-39.442-24.652-39.793Q-24.121-40.512-24.121-41.731Q-24.121-42.360-24.335-42.938Q-24.550-43.516-24.992-43.879Q-25.433-44.243-26.082-44.243Q-26.734-44.243-27.177-43.879Q-27.621-43.516-27.835-42.938Q-28.050-42.360-28.050-41.731Q-28.050-40.512-27.523-39.793\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(191.321 6.75)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-13.977-39.868L-19.290-39.868Q-19.368-39.875-19.417-39.924Q-19.465-39.973-19.465-40.051Q-19.465-40.121-19.418-40.172Q-19.372-40.223-19.290-40.235L-13.977-40.235Q-13.903-40.223-13.856-40.172Q-13.809-40.121-13.809-40.051Q-13.809-39.973-13.858-39.924Q-13.907-39.875-13.977-39.868M-13.977-41.555L-19.290-41.555Q-19.368-41.563-19.417-41.612Q-19.465-41.661-19.465-41.739Q-19.465-41.809-19.418-41.860Q-19.372-41.911-19.290-41.922L-13.977-41.922Q-13.903-41.911-13.856-41.860Q-13.809-41.809-13.809-41.739Q-13.809-41.661-13.858-41.612Q-13.907-41.563-13.977-41.555\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(191.321 6.75)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-6.900-38.891L-9.693-38.891L-9.693-39.188Q-8.631-39.188-8.631-39.450L-8.631-43.618Q-9.060-43.403-9.740-43.403L-9.740-43.700Q-8.721-43.700-8.205-44.211L-8.060-44.211Q-7.986-44.192-7.967-44.114L-7.967-39.450Q-7.967-39.188-6.900-39.188L-6.900-38.891M-5.529-39.356Q-5.529-39.539-5.392-39.676Q-5.256-39.813-5.064-39.813Q-4.873-39.813-4.740-39.680Q-4.607-39.547-4.607-39.356Q-4.607-39.157-4.740-39.024Q-4.873-38.891-5.064-38.891Q-5.256-38.891-5.392-39.028Q-5.529-39.164-5.529-39.356M-2.896-39.235Q-2.666-38.996-2.119-38.996Q-1.865-38.996-1.642-39.120Q-1.420-39.243-1.250-39.459Q-1.080-39.676-0.986-39.907Q-0.861-40.219-0.822-40.559Q-0.783-40.899-0.783-41.348Q-0.951-41.016-1.234-40.821Q-1.517-40.625-1.857-40.625Q-2.221-40.625-2.533-40.770Q-2.846-40.914-3.068-41.166Q-3.291-41.418-3.414-41.745Q-3.537-42.071-3.537-42.426Q-3.537-42.922-3.295-43.332Q-3.053-43.743-2.635-43.977Q-2.217-44.211-1.721-44.211Q-0.764-44.211-0.383-43.381Q-0.002-42.551-0.002-41.477Q-0.002-40.844-0.252-40.200Q-0.502-39.555-0.984-39.139Q-1.467-38.723-2.119-38.723Q-2.623-38.723-2.973-38.940Q-3.322-39.157-3.322-39.625Q-3.322-39.793-3.209-39.907Q-3.096-40.020-2.928-40.020Q-2.822-40.020-2.730-39.969Q-2.639-39.918-2.588-39.827Q-2.537-39.735-2.537-39.625Q-2.537-39.477-2.639-39.356Q-2.740-39.235-2.896-39.235M-1.818-40.883Q-1.486-40.883-1.254-41.094Q-1.021-41.305-0.910-41.627Q-0.799-41.950-0.799-42.266Q-0.799-42.364-0.810-42.418Q-0.806-42.426-0.803-42.438Q-0.799-42.450-0.799-42.457Q-0.799-42.700-0.842-42.963Q-0.885-43.227-0.986-43.455Q-1.088-43.684-1.269-43.827Q-1.451-43.969-1.721-43.969Q-2.154-43.969-2.381-43.748Q-2.607-43.528-2.680-43.196Q-2.752-42.864-2.752-42.426Q-2.752-41.981-2.695-41.659Q-2.639-41.336-2.433-41.110Q-2.228-40.883-1.818-40.883M3.951-38.891L1.158-38.891L1.158-39.188Q2.221-39.188 2.221-39.450L2.221-43.618Q1.791-43.403 1.111-43.403L1.111-43.700Q2.131-43.700 2.647-44.211L2.791-44.211Q2.865-44.192 2.885-44.114L2.885-39.450Q2.885-39.188 3.951-39.188\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(191.321 6.75)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M9.803-40.340L7.549-40.340L7.549-40.891L9.803-40.891\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(191.321 6.75)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M15.735-36.899Q15.122-37.356 14.720-37.991Q14.317-38.625 14.122-39.371Q13.927-40.118 13.927-40.891Q13.927-41.664 14.122-42.411Q14.317-43.157 14.720-43.791Q15.122-44.426 15.735-44.883Q15.747-44.887 15.755-44.889Q15.763-44.891 15.774-44.891L15.852-44.891Q15.891-44.891 15.917-44.864Q15.942-44.836 15.942-44.793Q15.942-44.743 15.911-44.723Q15.403-44.270 15.081-43.647Q14.759-43.024 14.618-42.328Q14.477-41.633 14.477-40.891Q14.477-40.157 14.616-39.457Q14.755-38.758 15.079-38.133Q15.403-37.508 15.911-37.059Q15.942-37.039 15.942-36.989Q15.942-36.946 15.917-36.918Q15.891-36.891 15.852-36.891L15.774-36.891Q15.766-36.895 15.757-36.897Q15.747-36.899 15.735-36.899M18.774-40.340L16.520-40.340L16.520-40.891L18.774-40.891L18.774-40.340M21.376-38.723Q20.673-38.723 20.272-39.123Q19.872-39.524 19.727-40.133Q19.583-40.743 19.583-41.442Q19.583-41.965 19.653-42.428Q19.723-42.891 19.917-43.303Q20.110-43.715 20.468-43.963Q20.825-44.211 21.376-44.211Q21.927-44.211 22.284-43.963Q22.641-43.715 22.833-43.305Q23.024-42.895 23.095-42.426Q23.165-41.957 23.165-41.442Q23.165-40.743 23.022-40.135Q22.880-39.528 22.479-39.125Q22.079-38.723 21.376-38.723M21.376-38.981Q21.848-38.981 22.081-39.416Q22.313-39.852 22.368-40.391Q22.423-40.930 22.423-41.571Q22.423-42.567 22.239-43.260Q22.056-43.953 21.376-43.953Q21.009-43.953 20.788-43.715Q20.567-43.477 20.472-43.120Q20.376-42.762 20.350-42.391Q20.325-42.020 20.325-41.571Q20.325-40.930 20.380-40.391Q20.434-39.852 20.667-39.416Q20.899-38.981 21.376-38.981M24.220-39.356Q24.220-39.539 24.356-39.676Q24.493-39.813 24.684-39.813Q24.876-39.813 25.009-39.680Q25.141-39.547 25.141-39.356Q25.141-39.157 25.009-39.024Q24.876-38.891 24.684-38.891Q24.493-38.891 24.356-39.028Q24.220-39.164 24.220-39.356M28.341-40.203L26.098-40.203L26.098-40.500L28.669-44.157Q28.708-44.211 28.770-44.211L28.915-44.211Q28.966-44.211 28.997-44.180Q29.028-44.149 29.028-44.098L29.028-40.500L29.860-40.500L29.860-40.203L29.028-40.203L29.028-39.450Q29.028-39.188 29.852-39.188L29.852-38.891L27.516-38.891L27.516-39.188Q28.341-39.188 28.341-39.450L28.341-40.203M28.395-43.305L26.427-40.500L28.395-40.500L28.395-43.305M33.692-38.891L30.532-38.891L30.532-39.098Q30.532-39.125 30.556-39.157L31.907-40.555Q32.286-40.942 32.534-41.231Q32.782-41.520 32.956-41.877Q33.130-42.235 33.130-42.625Q33.130-42.973 32.997-43.266Q32.864-43.559 32.610-43.737Q32.356-43.914 32.001-43.914Q31.641-43.914 31.350-43.719Q31.059-43.524 30.915-43.196L30.970-43.196Q31.153-43.196 31.278-43.075Q31.403-42.953 31.403-42.762Q31.403-42.582 31.278-42.453Q31.153-42.325 30.970-42.325Q30.790-42.325 30.661-42.453Q30.532-42.582 30.532-42.762Q30.532-43.164 30.753-43.500Q30.973-43.836 31.339-44.024Q31.704-44.211 32.106-44.211Q32.587-44.211 33.003-44.024Q33.419-43.836 33.671-43.475Q33.923-43.114 33.923-42.625Q33.923-42.266 33.768-41.963Q33.614-41.661 33.362-41.401Q33.110-41.141 32.761-40.856Q32.411-40.571 32.243-40.418L31.313-39.578L32.028-39.578Q33.403-39.578 33.442-39.618Q33.513-39.696 33.556-39.881Q33.598-40.067 33.641-40.356L33.923-40.356L33.692-38.891M34.993-36.891L34.911-36.891Q34.876-36.891 34.850-36.920Q34.825-36.950 34.825-36.989Q34.825-37.039 34.856-37.059Q35.243-37.395 35.526-37.844Q35.809-38.293 35.975-38.793Q36.141-39.293 36.216-39.811Q36.290-40.328 36.290-40.891Q36.290-41.461 36.216-41.977Q36.141-42.493 35.975-42.989Q35.809-43.485 35.530-43.932Q35.251-44.379 34.856-44.723Q34.825-44.743 34.825-44.793Q34.825-44.832 34.850-44.862Q34.876-44.891 34.911-44.891L34.993-44.891Q35.005-44.891 35.014-44.889Q35.024-44.887 35.032-44.883Q35.645-44.426 36.048-43.791Q36.450-43.157 36.645-42.411Q36.841-41.664 36.841-40.891Q36.841-40.118 36.645-39.371Q36.450-38.625 36.048-37.991Q35.645-37.356 35.032-36.899Q35.020-36.899 35.013-36.897Q35.005-36.895 34.993-36.891\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(191.321 6.75)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-28.144-30.368L-33.457-30.368Q-33.535-30.375-33.584-30.424Q-33.632-30.473-33.632-30.551Q-33.632-30.621-33.585-30.672Q-33.539-30.723-33.457-30.735L-28.144-30.735Q-28.070-30.723-28.023-30.672Q-27.976-30.621-27.976-30.551Q-27.976-30.473-28.025-30.424Q-28.074-30.375-28.144-30.368M-28.144-32.055L-33.457-32.055Q-33.535-32.063-33.584-32.112Q-33.632-32.161-33.632-32.239Q-33.632-32.309-33.585-32.360Q-33.539-32.411-33.457-32.422L-28.144-32.422Q-28.070-32.411-28.023-32.360Q-27.976-32.309-27.976-32.239Q-27.976-32.161-28.025-32.112Q-28.074-32.063-28.144-32.055\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(191.321 6.75)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-21.540-31.207L-24.013-31.207Q-24.091-31.219-24.140-31.268Q-24.188-31.317-24.188-31.391Q-24.188-31.465-24.140-31.514Q-24.091-31.563-24.013-31.575L-21.540-31.575L-21.540-34.055Q-21.513-34.223-21.356-34.223Q-21.282-34.223-21.233-34.174Q-21.184-34.125-21.173-34.055L-21.173-31.575L-18.700-31.575Q-18.532-31.543-18.532-31.391Q-18.532-31.239-18.700-31.207L-21.173-31.207L-21.173-28.727Q-21.184-28.657-21.233-28.608Q-21.282-28.559-21.356-28.559Q-21.513-28.559-21.540-28.727L-21.540-31.207M-14.466-29.391L-17.626-29.391L-17.626-29.598Q-17.626-29.625-17.602-29.657L-16.251-31.055Q-15.872-31.442-15.624-31.731Q-15.376-32.020-15.202-32.377Q-15.028-32.735-15.028-33.125Q-15.028-33.473-15.161-33.766Q-15.294-34.059-15.548-34.237Q-15.802-34.414-16.157-34.414Q-16.516-34.414-16.807-34.219Q-17.099-34.024-17.243-33.696L-17.188-33.696Q-17.005-33.696-16.880-33.575Q-16.755-33.453-16.755-33.262Q-16.755-33.082-16.880-32.953Q-17.005-32.825-17.188-32.825Q-17.368-32.825-17.497-32.953Q-17.626-33.082-17.626-33.262Q-17.626-33.664-17.405-34Q-17.184-34.336-16.819-34.524Q-16.454-34.711-16.052-34.711Q-15.571-34.711-15.155-34.524Q-14.739-34.336-14.487-33.975Q-14.235-33.614-14.235-33.125Q-14.235-32.766-14.390-32.463Q-14.544-32.161-14.796-31.901Q-15.048-31.641-15.397-31.356Q-15.747-31.071-15.915-30.918L-16.845-30.078L-16.130-30.078Q-14.755-30.078-14.716-30.118Q-14.645-30.196-14.602-30.381Q-14.559-30.567-14.516-30.856L-14.235-30.856L-14.466-29.391M-13.087-29.856Q-13.087-30.039-12.950-30.176Q-12.813-30.313-12.622-30.313Q-12.431-30.313-12.298-30.180Q-12.165-30.047-12.165-29.856Q-12.165-29.657-12.298-29.524Q-12.431-29.391-12.622-29.391Q-12.813-29.391-12.950-29.528Q-13.087-29.664-13.087-29.856M-10.653-30.024Q-10.462-29.750-10.106-29.623Q-9.751-29.496-9.368-29.496Q-9.032-29.496-8.823-29.682Q-8.614-29.868-8.518-30.161Q-8.423-30.453-8.423-30.766Q-8.423-31.090-8.520-31.385Q-8.618-31.680-8.831-31.864Q-9.044-32.047-9.376-32.047L-9.942-32.047Q-9.974-32.047-10.003-32.077Q-10.032-32.106-10.032-32.133L-10.032-32.215Q-10.032-32.250-10.003-32.276Q-9.974-32.301-9.942-32.301L-9.462-32.336Q-9.177-32.336-8.979-32.541Q-8.782-32.746-8.686-33.041Q-8.591-33.336-8.591-33.614Q-8.591-33.993-8.790-34.231Q-8.989-34.469-9.368-34.469Q-9.688-34.469-9.977-34.362Q-10.266-34.254-10.431-34.032Q-10.251-34.032-10.128-33.905Q-10.005-33.778-10.005-33.606Q-10.005-33.434-10.130-33.309Q-10.255-33.184-10.431-33.184Q-10.602-33.184-10.727-33.309Q-10.852-33.434-10.852-33.606Q-10.852-33.973-10.628-34.221Q-10.403-34.469-10.063-34.590Q-9.724-34.711-9.368-34.711Q-9.020-34.711-8.657-34.590Q-8.294-34.469-8.046-34.219Q-7.798-33.969-7.798-33.614Q-7.798-33.129-8.116-32.746Q-8.434-32.364-8.911-32.192Q-8.360-32.082-7.960-31.696Q-7.559-31.309-7.559-30.774Q-7.559-30.317-7.823-29.961Q-8.087-29.606-8.509-29.414Q-8.931-29.223-9.368-29.223Q-9.778-29.223-10.171-29.358Q-10.563-29.493-10.829-29.778Q-11.095-30.063-11.095-30.481Q-11.095-30.676-10.962-30.805Q-10.829-30.934-10.638-30.934Q-10.513-30.934-10.409-30.875Q-10.306-30.817-10.243-30.711Q-10.181-30.606-10.181-30.481Q-10.181-30.286-10.315-30.155Q-10.450-30.024-10.653-30.024M-6.407-30.024Q-6.216-29.750-5.860-29.623Q-5.505-29.496-5.122-29.496Q-4.786-29.496-4.577-29.682Q-4.368-29.868-4.272-30.161Q-4.177-30.453-4.177-30.766Q-4.177-31.090-4.274-31.385Q-4.372-31.680-4.585-31.864Q-4.798-32.047-5.130-32.047L-5.696-32.047Q-5.727-32.047-5.757-32.077Q-5.786-32.106-5.786-32.133L-5.786-32.215Q-5.786-32.250-5.757-32.276Q-5.727-32.301-5.696-32.301L-5.216-32.336Q-4.931-32.336-4.733-32.541Q-4.536-32.746-4.440-33.041Q-4.345-33.336-4.345-33.614Q-4.345-33.993-4.544-34.231Q-4.743-34.469-5.122-34.469Q-5.442-34.469-5.731-34.362Q-6.020-34.254-6.184-34.032Q-6.005-34.032-5.882-33.905Q-5.759-33.778-5.759-33.606Q-5.759-33.434-5.884-33.309Q-6.009-33.184-6.184-33.184Q-6.356-33.184-6.481-33.309Q-6.606-33.434-6.606-33.606Q-6.606-33.973-6.382-34.221Q-6.157-34.469-5.817-34.590Q-5.477-34.711-5.122-34.711Q-4.774-34.711-4.411-34.590Q-4.048-34.469-3.800-34.219Q-3.552-33.969-3.552-33.614Q-3.552-33.129-3.870-32.746Q-4.188-32.364-4.665-32.192Q-4.114-32.082-3.714-31.696Q-3.313-31.309-3.313-30.774Q-3.313-30.317-3.577-29.961Q-3.841-29.606-4.263-29.414Q-4.684-29.223-5.122-29.223Q-5.532-29.223-5.925-29.358Q-6.317-29.493-6.583-29.778Q-6.849-30.063-6.849-30.481Q-6.849-30.676-6.716-30.805Q-6.583-30.934-6.391-30.934Q-6.266-30.934-6.163-30.875Q-6.059-30.817-5.997-30.711Q-5.934-30.606-5.934-30.481Q-5.934-30.286-6.069-30.155Q-6.204-30.024-6.407-30.024\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(191.321 6.75)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M2.512-27.399Q1.899-27.856 1.497-28.491Q1.094-29.125 0.899-29.871Q0.704-30.618 0.704-31.391Q0.704-32.164 0.899-32.911Q1.094-33.657 1.497-34.291Q1.899-34.926 2.512-35.383Q2.524-35.387 2.532-35.389Q2.540-35.391 2.551-35.391L2.629-35.391Q2.668-35.391 2.694-35.364Q2.719-35.336 2.719-35.293Q2.719-35.243 2.688-35.223Q2.180-34.770 1.858-34.147Q1.536-33.524 1.395-32.828Q1.254-32.133 1.254-31.391Q1.254-30.657 1.393-29.957Q1.532-29.258 1.856-28.633Q2.180-28.008 2.688-27.559Q2.719-27.539 2.719-27.489Q2.719-27.446 2.694-27.418Q2.668-27.391 2.629-27.391L2.551-27.391Q2.543-27.395 2.534-27.397Q2.524-27.399 2.512-27.399M5.321-27.840L3.465-27.840L3.465-28.133Q3.735-28.133 3.903-28.178Q4.071-28.223 4.071-28.399L4.071-32.223Q4.071-32.430 3.915-32.483Q3.758-32.536 3.465-32.536L3.465-32.832L4.688-32.918L4.688-32.453Q4.918-32.676 5.233-32.797Q5.547-32.918 5.887-32.918Q6.360-32.918 6.764-32.672Q7.168-32.426 7.401-32.010Q7.633-31.594 7.633-31.118Q7.633-30.743 7.485-30.414Q7.336-30.086 7.067-29.834Q6.797-29.582 6.454-29.448Q6.110-29.313 5.750-29.313Q5.461-29.313 5.190-29.434Q4.918-29.555 4.711-29.766L4.711-28.399Q4.711-28.223 4.879-28.178Q5.047-28.133 5.321-28.133L5.321-27.840M4.711-32.055L4.711-30.215Q4.864-29.926 5.125-29.746Q5.387-29.567 5.696-29.567Q5.981-29.567 6.204-29.705Q6.426-29.844 6.579-30.075Q6.731-30.305 6.809-30.577Q6.887-30.848 6.887-31.118Q6.887-31.450 6.762-31.807Q6.637-32.164 6.389-32.401Q6.141-32.637 5.793-32.637Q5.469-32.637 5.174-32.481Q4.879-32.325 4.711-32.055\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(191.321 6.75)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M8.397-31.086Q8.397-31.590 8.653-32.022Q8.909-32.453 9.345-32.705Q9.780-32.957 10.280-32.957Q10.667-32.957 11.009-32.813Q11.350-32.668 11.612-32.407Q11.874-32.145 12.016-31.809Q12.159-31.473 12.159-31.086Q12.159-30.594 11.895-30.184Q11.632-29.774 11.202-29.543Q10.772-29.313 10.280-29.313Q9.788-29.313 9.354-29.545Q8.921-29.778 8.659-30.186Q8.397-30.594 8.397-31.086M10.280-29.590Q10.737-29.590 10.989-29.813Q11.241-30.036 11.329-30.387Q11.417-30.739 11.417-31.184Q11.417-31.614 11.323-31.952Q11.229-32.289 10.975-32.496Q10.722-32.703 10.280-32.703Q9.632-32.703 9.388-32.287Q9.143-31.871 9.143-31.184Q9.143-30.739 9.231-30.387Q9.319-30.036 9.571-29.813Q9.823-29.590 10.280-29.590M12.686-29.399L12.686-30.621Q12.686-30.649 12.718-30.680Q12.749-30.711 12.772-30.711L12.878-30.711Q12.948-30.711 12.964-30.649Q13.026-30.328 13.165-30.088Q13.304-29.848 13.536-29.707Q13.768-29.567 14.077-29.567Q14.315-29.567 14.524-29.627Q14.733-29.688 14.870-29.836Q15.007-29.985 15.007-30.231Q15.007-30.485 14.796-30.651Q14.585-30.817 14.315-30.871L13.694-30.985Q13.288-31.063 12.987-31.319Q12.686-31.575 12.686-31.950Q12.686-32.317 12.888-32.539Q13.089-32.762 13.413-32.860Q13.737-32.957 14.077-32.957Q14.542-32.957 14.839-32.750L15.061-32.934Q15.085-32.957 15.116-32.957L15.167-32.957Q15.198-32.957 15.225-32.930Q15.253-32.903 15.253-32.871L15.253-31.887Q15.253-31.856 15.227-31.827Q15.202-31.797 15.167-31.797L15.061-31.797Q15.026-31.797 14.999-31.825Q14.972-31.852 14.972-31.887Q14.972-32.286 14.720-32.506Q14.468-32.727 14.069-32.727Q13.714-32.727 13.430-32.604Q13.147-32.481 13.147-32.176Q13.147-31.957 13.348-31.825Q13.550-31.692 13.796-31.649L14.421-31.536Q14.850-31.446 15.159-31.149Q15.468-30.852 15.468-30.438Q15.468-29.868 15.069-29.590Q14.671-29.313 14.077-29.313Q13.526-29.313 13.175-29.649L12.878-29.336Q12.854-29.313 12.819-29.313L12.772-29.313Q12.749-29.313 12.718-29.344Q12.686-29.375 12.686-29.399M17.854-29.391L16.077-29.391L16.077-29.688Q16.350-29.688 16.518-29.735Q16.686-29.782 16.686-29.950L16.686-32.086Q16.686-32.301 16.630-32.397Q16.573-32.493 16.460-32.514Q16.346-32.536 16.100-32.536L16.100-32.832L17.300-32.918L17.300-29.950Q17.300-29.782 17.446-29.735Q17.593-29.688 17.854-29.688L17.854-29.391M16.413-34.313Q16.413-34.504 16.548-34.635Q16.682-34.766 16.878-34.766Q16.999-34.766 17.102-34.703Q17.206-34.641 17.268-34.537Q17.331-34.434 17.331-34.313Q17.331-34.118 17.200-33.983Q17.069-33.848 16.878-33.848Q16.679-33.848 16.546-33.981Q16.413-34.114 16.413-34.313M18.979-30.352L18.979-32.543L18.276-32.543L18.276-32.797Q18.632-32.797 18.874-33.030Q19.116-33.262 19.227-33.610Q19.339-33.957 19.339-34.313L19.620-34.313L19.620-32.840L20.796-32.840L20.796-32.543L19.620-32.543L19.620-30.368Q19.620-30.047 19.739-29.819Q19.858-29.590 20.139-29.590Q20.319-29.590 20.436-29.713Q20.554-29.836 20.606-30.016Q20.659-30.196 20.659-30.368L20.659-30.840L20.940-30.840L20.940-30.352Q20.940-30.098 20.835-29.858Q20.729-29.618 20.532-29.465Q20.335-29.313 20.077-29.313Q19.761-29.313 19.509-29.436Q19.257-29.559 19.118-29.793Q18.979-30.028 18.979-30.352M23.518-29.391L21.741-29.391L21.741-29.688Q22.014-29.688 22.182-29.735Q22.350-29.782 22.350-29.950L22.350-32.086Q22.350-32.301 22.294-32.397Q22.237-32.493 22.124-32.514Q22.011-32.536 21.764-32.536L21.764-32.832L22.964-32.918L22.964-29.950Q22.964-29.782 23.110-29.735Q23.257-29.688 23.518-29.688L23.518-29.391M22.077-34.313Q22.077-34.504 22.212-34.635Q22.346-34.766 22.542-34.766Q22.663-34.766 22.766-34.703Q22.870-34.641 22.932-34.537Q22.995-34.434 22.995-34.313Q22.995-34.118 22.864-33.983Q22.733-33.848 22.542-33.848Q22.343-33.848 22.210-33.981Q22.077-34.114 22.077-34.313M25.819-29.422L24.596-32.278Q24.514-32.453 24.370-32.498Q24.225-32.543 23.956-32.543L23.956-32.840L25.667-32.840L25.667-32.543Q25.245-32.543 25.245-32.360Q25.245-32.325 25.261-32.278L26.206-30.086L27.046-32.063Q27.085-32.141 27.085-32.231Q27.085-32.371 26.979-32.457Q26.874-32.543 26.733-32.543L26.733-32.840L28.085-32.840L28.085-32.543Q27.561-32.543 27.346-32.063L26.221-29.422Q26.159-29.313 26.054-29.313L25.987-29.313Q25.874-29.313 25.819-29.422\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(191.321 6.75)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M28.278-31.145Q28.278-31.625 28.511-32.041Q28.743-32.457 29.153-32.707Q29.563-32.957 30.040-32.957Q30.770-32.957 31.169-32.516Q31.567-32.075 31.567-31.344Q31.567-31.239 31.474-31.215L29.024-31.215L29.024-31.145Q29.024-30.735 29.145-30.379Q29.267-30.024 29.538-29.807Q29.810-29.590 30.239-29.590Q30.602-29.590 30.899-29.819Q31.196-30.047 31.298-30.399Q31.306-30.446 31.392-30.461L31.474-30.461Q31.567-30.434 31.567-30.352Q31.567-30.344 31.560-30.313Q31.497-30.086 31.358-29.903Q31.220-29.719 31.028-29.586Q30.837-29.453 30.618-29.383Q30.399-29.313 30.161-29.313Q29.790-29.313 29.452-29.450Q29.114-29.586 28.847-29.838Q28.579-30.090 28.429-30.430Q28.278-30.770 28.278-31.145M29.032-31.453L30.993-31.453Q30.993-31.758 30.892-32.049Q30.790-32.340 30.573-32.522Q30.356-32.703 30.040-32.703Q29.739-32.703 29.509-32.516Q29.278-32.328 29.155-32.037Q29.032-31.746 29.032-31.453M32.458-27.391L32.376-27.391Q32.341-27.391 32.315-27.420Q32.290-27.450 32.290-27.489Q32.290-27.539 32.321-27.559Q32.708-27.895 32.991-28.344Q33.274-28.793 33.440-29.293Q33.606-29.793 33.681-30.311Q33.755-30.828 33.755-31.391Q33.755-31.961 33.681-32.477Q33.606-32.993 33.440-33.489Q33.274-33.985 32.995-34.432Q32.716-34.879 32.321-35.223Q32.290-35.243 32.290-35.293Q32.290-35.332 32.315-35.362Q32.341-35.391 32.376-35.391L32.458-35.391Q32.470-35.391 32.479-35.389Q32.489-35.387 32.497-35.383Q33.110-34.926 33.513-34.291Q33.915-33.657 34.110-32.911Q34.306-32.164 34.306-31.391Q34.306-30.618 34.110-29.871Q33.915-29.125 33.513-28.491Q33.110-27.856 32.497-27.399Q32.485-27.399 32.477-27.397Q32.470-27.395 32.458-27.391\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M136.611-32.236h12.227\"\u002F>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"m150.837-32.236-3.2-1.6 1.2 1.6-1.2 1.6\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fsvg>\u003Cfigcaption class=\"tikz-cap\">A worked SO-PMI trace. "romantic" co-occurs far more with the positive seed "excellent" than with "poor", giving positive semantic orientation; "unpredictable" leans the other way.\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>","\u003Csvg style=\"width:100%;max-width:444.819px;height:auto\" xmlns=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg\" viewBox=\"-75 -75 333.615 109.408\">\u003Cg stroke=\"currentColor\" style=\"stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-width:.4\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-63.216-33.445H37.64v-19.917H-63.216Z\"\u002F>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-47.096 -35.044)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-11.981-7.177L-12.012-7.177Q-11.875-6.880-11.578-6.704Q-11.281-6.528-10.953-6.528Q-10.590-6.528-10.363-6.706Q-10.136-6.883-10.042-7.172Q-9.948-7.461-9.948-7.823Q-9.948-8.138-10.002-8.423Q-10.057-8.708-10.230-8.914Q-10.402-9.119-10.717-9.119Q-10.990-9.119-11.173-9.052Q-11.356-8.985-11.460-8.896Q-11.564-8.808-11.660-8.698Q-11.756-8.589-11.800-8.579L-11.879-8.579Q-11.951-8.596-11.968-8.667L-11.968-10.985Q-11.968-11.019-11.944-11.041Q-11.920-11.063-11.886-11.063L-11.858-11.063Q-11.571-10.947-11.303-10.893Q-11.035-10.838-10.758-10.838Q-10.481-10.838-10.211-10.893Q-9.941-10.947-9.661-11.063L-9.637-11.063Q-9.602-11.063-9.579-11.040Q-9.555-11.016-9.555-10.985L-9.555-10.916Q-9.555-10.889-9.575-10.869Q-9.849-10.554-10.233-10.378Q-10.618-10.202-11.031-10.202Q-11.370-10.202-11.687-10.288L-11.687-9.006Q-11.291-9.341-10.717-9.341Q-10.313-9.341-9.977-9.131Q-9.640-8.920-9.447-8.568Q-9.254-8.216-9.254-7.816Q-9.254-7.485-9.394-7.199Q-9.534-6.914-9.778-6.704Q-10.023-6.494-10.325-6.384Q-10.628-6.275-10.946-6.275Q-11.305-6.275-11.631-6.439Q-11.957-6.603-12.152-6.895Q-12.347-7.187-12.347-7.550Q-12.347-7.700-12.241-7.806Q-12.135-7.912-11.981-7.912Q-11.828-7.912-11.723-7.808Q-11.619-7.704-11.619-7.550Q-11.619-7.393-11.723-7.285Q-11.828-7.177-11.981-7.177M-8.017-9.279Q-8.109-9.279-8.177-9.354Q-8.246-9.430-8.246-9.522Q-8.246-9.583-8.213-9.638Q-8.181-9.693-8.119-9.713L-7.070-10.161L-8.119-10.602Q-8.246-10.643-8.246-10.790Q-8.246-10.886-8.177-10.961Q-8.109-11.036-8.017-11.036Q-7.948-11.036-7.904-11.005L-6.936-10.356L-7.049-11.433L-7.049-11.457Q-7.049-11.545-6.979-11.605Q-6.909-11.665-6.817-11.665Q-6.725-11.665-6.656-11.605Q-6.588-11.545-6.588-11.457L-6.588-11.433L-6.701-10.356L-5.733-11.005Q-5.689-11.036-5.621-11.036Q-5.528-11.036-5.460-10.964Q-5.392-10.893-5.392-10.790Q-5.392-10.643-5.515-10.602L-6.567-10.161L-5.515-9.713Q-5.392-9.669-5.392-9.522Q-5.392-9.423-5.460-9.351Q-5.528-9.279-5.621-9.279Q-5.689-9.279-5.733-9.307L-6.701-9.956L-6.588-8.879L-6.588-8.859Q-6.588-8.767-6.656-8.707Q-6.725-8.647-6.817-8.647Q-6.909-8.647-6.979-8.707Q-7.049-8.767-7.049-8.859L-7.049-8.879L-6.936-9.956L-7.904-9.307Q-7.948-9.279-8.017-9.279M-4.110-6.835Q-4.110-7.003-3.987-7.126Q-3.864-7.249-3.689-7.249Q-3.522-7.249-3.399-7.126Q-3.276-7.003-3.276-6.835Q-3.276-6.661-3.399-6.538Q-3.522-6.415-3.689-6.415Q-3.864-6.415-3.987-6.538Q-4.110-6.661-4.110-6.835M-4.110-9.019Q-4.110-9.187-3.987-9.310Q-3.864-9.433-3.689-9.433Q-3.522-9.433-3.399-9.310Q-3.276-9.187-3.276-9.019Q-3.276-8.845-3.399-8.722Q-3.522-8.599-3.689-8.599Q-3.864-8.599-3.987-8.722Q-4.110-8.845-4.110-9.019\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-47.096 -35.044)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M1.377-7.143Q1.377-7.475 1.600-7.702Q1.824-7.929 2.168-8.057Q2.511-8.186 2.884-8.238Q3.256-8.291 3.561-8.291L3.561-8.544Q3.561-8.749 3.453-8.929Q3.345-9.108 3.164-9.211Q2.983-9.313 2.775-9.313Q2.368-9.313 2.132-9.221Q2.221-9.184 2.267-9.100Q2.313-9.016 2.313-8.914Q2.313-8.818 2.267-8.739Q2.221-8.661 2.140-8.616Q2.060-8.572 1.971-8.572Q1.821-8.572 1.720-8.669Q1.619-8.767 1.619-8.914Q1.619-9.536 2.775-9.536Q2.986-9.536 3.236-9.472Q3.485-9.409 3.687-9.290Q3.889-9.170 4.015-8.985Q4.142-8.801 4.142-8.558L4.142-6.982Q4.142-6.866 4.203-6.770Q4.265-6.675 4.378-6.675Q4.487-6.675 4.552-6.769Q4.617-6.863 4.617-6.982L4.617-7.430L4.883-7.430L4.883-6.982Q4.883-6.712 4.656-6.547Q4.429-6.381 4.149-6.381Q3.940-6.381 3.803-6.535Q3.667-6.688 3.643-6.904Q3.496-6.637 3.214-6.492Q2.932-6.347 2.607-6.347Q2.330-6.347 2.046-6.422Q1.763-6.497 1.570-6.676Q1.377-6.856 1.377-7.143M1.992-7.143Q1.992-6.969 2.093-6.839Q2.193-6.709 2.349-6.639Q2.504-6.569 2.669-6.569Q2.887-6.569 3.096-6.666Q3.304-6.764 3.432-6.945Q3.561-7.126 3.561-7.352L3.561-8.080Q3.236-8.080 2.870-7.989Q2.504-7.898 2.248-7.686Q1.992-7.475 1.992-7.143\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-47.096 -35.044)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M7.958-5.882Q7.958-6.128 8.155-6.312Q8.352-6.497 8.608-6.576Q8.471-6.688 8.399-6.849Q8.328-7.010 8.328-7.191Q8.328-7.512 8.539-7.758Q8.205-8.056 8.205-8.466Q8.205-8.927 8.594-9.214Q8.984-9.501 9.462-9.501Q9.934-9.501 10.269-9.255Q10.443-9.409 10.654-9.491Q10.864-9.573 11.093-9.573Q11.257-9.573 11.378-9.466Q11.499-9.358 11.499-9.194Q11.499-9.098 11.428-9.026Q11.356-8.955 11.264-8.955Q11.164-8.955 11.094-9.028Q11.024-9.102 11.024-9.201Q11.024-9.255 11.038-9.286L11.045-9.300Q11.052-9.320 11.060-9.331Q11.069-9.341 11.072-9.348Q10.717-9.348 10.430-9.125Q10.717-8.832 10.717-8.466Q10.717-8.151 10.532-7.919Q10.348-7.686 10.059-7.558Q9.770-7.430 9.462-7.430Q9.261-7.430 9.069-7.480Q8.878-7.529 8.700-7.639Q8.608-7.512 8.608-7.369Q8.608-7.187 8.736-7.052Q8.864-6.917 9.049-6.917L9.681-6.917Q10.129-6.917 10.498-6.846Q10.867-6.774 11.127-6.545Q11.387-6.316 11.387-5.882Q11.387-5.561 11.091-5.359Q10.795-5.157 10.392-5.068Q9.989-4.979 9.674-4.979Q9.356-4.979 8.953-5.068Q8.550-5.157 8.254-5.359Q7.958-5.561 7.958-5.882M8.413-5.882Q8.413-5.653 8.632-5.504Q8.851-5.355 9.143-5.287Q9.435-5.219 9.674-5.219Q9.838-5.219 10.047-5.255Q10.255-5.290 10.462-5.371Q10.669-5.451 10.800-5.579Q10.932-5.707 10.932-5.882Q10.932-6.234 10.551-6.328Q10.170-6.422 9.667-6.422L9.049-6.422Q8.810-6.422 8.611-6.271Q8.413-6.121 8.413-5.882M9.462-7.669Q10.129-7.669 10.129-8.466Q10.129-9.266 9.462-9.266Q8.792-9.266 8.792-8.466Q8.792-7.669 9.462-7.669M13.731-6.415L11.995-6.415L11.995-6.695Q12.224-6.695 12.373-6.729Q12.521-6.764 12.521-6.904L12.521-8.753Q12.521-9.023 12.414-9.084Q12.306-9.146 11.995-9.146L11.995-9.426L13.024-9.501L13.024-8.794Q13.154-9.102 13.396-9.301Q13.639-9.501 13.957-9.501Q14.176-9.501 14.347-9.377Q14.518-9.252 14.518-9.040Q14.518-8.903 14.418-8.804Q14.319-8.705 14.186-8.705Q14.049-8.705 13.950-8.804Q13.851-8.903 13.851-9.040Q13.851-9.180 13.950-9.279Q13.660-9.279 13.460-9.083Q13.260-8.886 13.167-8.592Q13.075-8.298 13.075-8.018L13.075-6.904Q13.075-6.695 13.731-6.695L13.731-6.415M15.061-7.950Q15.061-8.271 15.186-8.560Q15.310-8.849 15.536-9.072Q15.762-9.296 16.057-9.416Q16.353-9.536 16.671-9.536Q16.999-9.536 17.260-9.436Q17.522-9.337 17.698-9.155Q17.874-8.972 17.968-8.714Q18.062-8.456 18.062-8.124Q18.062-8.032 17.980-8.011L15.724-8.011L15.724-7.950Q15.724-7.362 16.008-6.979Q16.291-6.596 16.859-6.596Q17.180-6.596 17.448-6.789Q17.717-6.982 17.806-7.297Q17.812-7.338 17.888-7.352L17.980-7.352Q18.062-7.328 18.062-7.256Q18.062-7.249 18.055-7.222Q17.942-6.825 17.571-6.586Q17.201-6.347 16.777-6.347Q16.339-6.347 15.939-6.555Q15.539-6.764 15.300-7.131Q15.061-7.498 15.061-7.950M15.731-8.220L17.546-8.220Q17.546-8.497 17.448-8.749Q17.351-9.002 17.153-9.158Q16.955-9.313 16.671-9.313Q16.394-9.313 16.180-9.155Q15.967-8.996 15.849-8.741Q15.731-8.486 15.731-8.220M18.708-7.143Q18.708-7.475 18.932-7.702Q19.156-7.929 19.499-8.057Q19.843-8.186 20.215-8.238Q20.588-8.291 20.892-8.291L20.892-8.544Q20.892-8.749 20.784-8.929Q20.677-9.108 20.496-9.211Q20.314-9.313 20.106-9.313Q19.699-9.313 19.463-9.221Q19.552-9.184 19.598-9.100Q19.644-9.016 19.644-8.914Q19.644-8.818 19.598-8.739Q19.552-8.661 19.472-8.616Q19.392-8.572 19.303-8.572Q19.152-8.572 19.051-8.669Q18.951-8.767 18.951-8.914Q18.951-9.536 20.106-9.536Q20.318-9.536 20.567-9.472Q20.817-9.409 21.018-9.290Q21.220-9.170 21.347-8.985Q21.473-8.801 21.473-8.558L21.473-6.982Q21.473-6.866 21.535-6.770Q21.596-6.675 21.709-6.675Q21.818-6.675 21.883-6.769Q21.948-6.863 21.948-6.982L21.948-7.430L22.215-7.430L22.215-6.982Q22.215-6.712 21.987-6.547Q21.760-6.381 21.480-6.381Q21.271-6.381 21.135-6.535Q20.998-6.688 20.974-6.904Q20.827-6.637 20.545-6.492Q20.263-6.347 19.938-6.347Q19.662-6.347 19.378-6.422Q19.094-6.497 18.901-6.676Q18.708-6.856 18.708-7.143M19.323-7.143Q19.323-6.969 19.424-6.839Q19.525-6.709 19.680-6.639Q19.836-6.569 20-6.569Q20.219-6.569 20.427-6.666Q20.636-6.764 20.764-6.945Q20.892-7.126 20.892-7.352L20.892-8.080Q20.567-8.080 20.202-7.989Q19.836-7.898 19.580-7.686Q19.323-7.475 19.323-7.143M23.158-7.256L23.158-9.153L22.519-9.153L22.519-9.375Q22.837-9.375 23.054-9.585Q23.271-9.795 23.372-10.105Q23.473-10.414 23.473-10.722L23.739-10.722L23.739-9.433L24.816-9.433L24.816-9.153L23.739-9.153L23.739-7.269Q23.739-6.993 23.843-6.794Q23.948-6.596 24.207-6.596Q24.365-6.596 24.471-6.700Q24.577-6.805 24.626-6.958Q24.676-7.112 24.676-7.269L24.676-7.683L24.942-7.683L24.942-7.256Q24.942-7.030 24.843-6.820Q24.744-6.610 24.560-6.478Q24.375-6.347 24.146-6.347Q23.708-6.347 23.433-6.584Q23.158-6.822 23.158-7.256M26.251-5.185Q26.251-5.219 26.279-5.246Q26.549-5.475 26.697-5.798Q26.846-6.121 26.846-6.477L26.846-6.514Q26.737-6.415 26.573-6.415Q26.392-6.415 26.272-6.535Q26.152-6.654 26.152-6.835Q26.152-7.010 26.272-7.129Q26.392-7.249 26.573-7.249Q26.829-7.249 26.949-7.010Q27.068-6.770 27.068-6.477Q27.068-6.077 26.899-5.706Q26.730-5.335 26.433-5.079Q26.402-5.058 26.374-5.058Q26.333-5.058 26.292-5.099Q26.251-5.140 26.251-5.185\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-47.096 -35.044)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M32.123-6.442L31.142-8.941Q31.081-9.084 30.963-9.119Q30.845-9.153 30.629-9.153L30.629-9.433L32.109-9.433L32.109-9.153Q31.730-9.153 31.730-8.992Q31.730-8.982 31.744-8.941L32.458-7.109L33.131-8.814Q33.101-8.886 33.101-8.914Q33.101-8.941 33.073-8.941Q33.012-9.088 32.894-9.120Q32.776-9.153 32.564-9.153L32.564-9.433L33.962-9.433L33.962-9.153Q33.586-9.153 33.586-8.992Q33.586-8.961 33.593-8.941L34.348-7.003L35.035-8.753Q35.056-8.804 35.056-8.859Q35.056-8.999 34.943-9.076Q34.830-9.153 34.690-9.153L34.690-9.433L35.910-9.433L35.910-9.153Q35.705-9.153 35.550-9.047Q35.394-8.941 35.322-8.753L34.417-6.442Q34.382-6.347 34.270-6.347L34.201-6.347Q34.092-6.347 34.054-6.442L33.272-8.445L32.485-6.442Q32.451-6.347 32.338-6.347L32.270-6.347Q32.161-6.347 32.123-6.442\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-47.096 -35.044)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M36.187-7.898Q36.187-8.240 36.322-8.539Q36.457-8.838 36.697-9.062Q36.936-9.286 37.254-9.411Q37.572-9.536 37.903-9.536Q38.348-9.536 38.747-9.320Q39.147-9.105 39.382-8.727Q39.616-8.350 39.616-7.898Q39.616-7.557 39.474-7.273Q39.332-6.989 39.088-6.782Q38.843-6.576 38.534-6.461Q38.225-6.347 37.903-6.347Q37.473-6.347 37.071-6.548Q36.669-6.750 36.428-7.102Q36.187-7.454 36.187-7.898M37.903-6.596Q38.505-6.596 38.729-6.974Q38.953-7.352 38.953-7.984Q38.953-8.596 38.718-8.955Q38.484-9.313 37.903-9.313Q36.851-9.313 36.851-7.984Q36.851-7.352 37.076-6.974Q37.302-6.596 37.903-6.596M41.892-6.415L40.258-6.415L40.258-6.695Q40.487-6.695 40.636-6.729Q40.785-6.764 40.785-6.904L40.785-8.753Q40.785-9.023 40.677-9.084Q40.569-9.146 40.258-9.146L40.258-9.426L41.318-9.501L41.318-8.852Q41.489-9.160 41.793-9.331Q42.097-9.501 42.442-9.501Q42.948-9.501 43.232-9.278Q43.516-9.054 43.516-8.558L43.516-6.904Q43.516-6.767 43.664-6.731Q43.813-6.695 44.039-6.695L44.039-6.415L42.408-6.415L42.408-6.695Q42.637-6.695 42.786-6.729Q42.935-6.764 42.935-6.904L42.935-8.544Q42.935-8.879 42.815-9.079Q42.695-9.279 42.381-9.279Q42.111-9.279 41.877-9.143Q41.643-9.006 41.504-8.772Q41.366-8.538 41.366-8.264L41.366-6.904Q41.366-6.767 41.516-6.731Q41.666-6.695 41.892-6.695L41.892-6.415M44.626-7.926Q44.626-8.264 44.767-8.555Q44.907-8.845 45.151-9.059Q45.395-9.272 45.700-9.387Q46.004-9.501 46.329-9.501Q46.599-9.501 46.862-9.402Q47.125-9.303 47.316-9.125L47.316-10.523Q47.316-10.793 47.209-10.855Q47.101-10.916 46.790-10.916L46.790-11.197L47.867-11.272L47.867-7.088Q47.867-6.900 47.921-6.817Q47.976-6.733 48.077-6.714Q48.178-6.695 48.393-6.695L48.393-6.415L47.286-6.347L47.286-6.764Q46.869-6.347 46.243-6.347Q45.812-6.347 45.440-6.559Q45.067-6.770 44.847-7.131Q44.626-7.492 44.626-7.926M46.301-6.569Q46.510-6.569 46.696-6.641Q46.882-6.712 47.036-6.849Q47.190-6.986 47.286-7.164L47.286-8.773Q47.200-8.920 47.055-9.040Q46.910-9.160 46.740-9.219Q46.571-9.279 46.390-9.279Q45.830-9.279 45.561-8.890Q45.293-8.500 45.293-7.919Q45.293-7.348 45.527-6.958Q45.761-6.569 46.301-6.569M49.001-7.950Q49.001-8.271 49.126-8.560Q49.251-8.849 49.477-9.072Q49.702-9.296 49.998-9.416Q50.293-9.536 50.611-9.536Q50.939-9.536 51.201-9.436Q51.462-9.337 51.638-9.155Q51.814-8.972 51.908-8.714Q52.002-8.456 52.002-8.124Q52.002-8.032 51.920-8.011L49.664-8.011L49.664-7.950Q49.664-7.362 49.948-6.979Q50.232-6.596 50.799-6.596Q51.121-6.596 51.389-6.789Q51.657-6.982 51.746-7.297Q51.753-7.338 51.828-7.352L51.920-7.352Q52.002-7.328 52.002-7.256Q52.002-7.249 51.996-7.222Q51.883-6.825 51.512-6.586Q51.141-6.347 50.717-6.347Q50.280-6.347 49.880-6.555Q49.480-6.764 49.241-7.131Q49.001-7.498 49.001-7.950M49.671-8.220L51.486-8.220Q51.486-8.497 51.389-8.749Q51.291-9.002 51.093-9.158Q50.895-9.313 50.611-9.313Q50.334-9.313 50.121-9.155Q49.907-8.996 49.789-8.741Q49.671-8.486 49.671-8.220M54.340-6.415L52.604-6.415L52.604-6.695Q52.833-6.695 52.982-6.729Q53.130-6.764 53.130-6.904L53.130-8.753Q53.130-9.023 53.023-9.084Q52.915-9.146 52.604-9.146L52.604-9.426L53.633-9.501L53.633-8.794Q53.763-9.102 54.005-9.301Q54.248-9.501 54.566-9.501Q54.785-9.501 54.956-9.377Q55.126-9.252 55.126-9.040Q55.126-8.903 55.027-8.804Q54.928-8.705 54.795-8.705Q54.658-8.705 54.559-8.804Q54.460-8.903 54.460-9.040Q54.460-9.180 54.559-9.279Q54.268-9.279 54.069-9.083Q53.869-8.886 53.776-8.592Q53.684-8.298 53.684-8.018L53.684-6.904Q53.684-6.695 54.340-6.695L54.340-6.415M57.509-6.415L55.776-6.415L55.776-6.695Q56.001-6.695 56.150-6.729Q56.299-6.764 56.299-6.904L56.299-9.153L55.711-9.153L55.711-9.433L56.299-9.433L56.299-10.250Q56.299-10.568 56.477-10.816Q56.654-11.063 56.945-11.204Q57.235-11.344 57.546-11.344Q57.803-11.344 58.006-11.202Q58.209-11.060 58.209-10.817Q58.209-10.681 58.110-10.582Q58.011-10.482 57.874-10.482Q57.738-10.482 57.639-10.582Q57.539-10.681 57.539-10.817Q57.539-10.998 57.680-11.091Q57.601-11.118 57.502-11.118Q57.293-11.118 57.140-10.985Q56.986-10.852 56.905-10.648Q56.825-10.445 56.825-10.236L56.825-9.433L57.714-9.433L57.714-9.153L56.852-9.153L56.852-6.904Q56.852-6.695 57.509-6.695L57.509-6.415M58.763-7.249L58.763-8.753Q58.763-9.023 58.655-9.084Q58.548-9.146 58.237-9.146L58.237-9.426L59.344-9.501L59.344-7.269L59.344-7.249Q59.344-6.969 59.395-6.825Q59.447-6.682 59.589-6.625Q59.730-6.569 60.018-6.569Q60.270-6.569 60.476-6.709Q60.681-6.849 60.797-7.075Q60.913-7.300 60.913-7.550L60.913-8.753Q60.913-9.023 60.805-9.084Q60.698-9.146 60.387-9.146L60.387-9.426L61.494-9.501L61.494-7.088Q61.494-6.897 61.547-6.815Q61.600-6.733 61.701-6.714Q61.802-6.695 62.017-6.695L62.017-6.415L60.940-6.347L60.940-6.911Q60.831-6.729 60.686-6.606Q60.540-6.483 60.354-6.415Q60.168-6.347 59.966-6.347Q58.763-6.347 58.763-7.249M64.273-6.415L62.670-6.415L62.670-6.695Q62.895-6.695 63.044-6.729Q63.193-6.764 63.193-6.904L63.193-10.523Q63.193-10.793 63.085-10.855Q62.977-10.916 62.670-10.916L62.670-11.197L63.747-11.272L63.747-6.904Q63.747-6.767 63.897-6.731Q64.047-6.695 64.273-6.695\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-47.096 -35.044)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M69.380-6.415L67.647-6.415L67.647-6.695Q67.873-6.695 68.022-6.729Q68.170-6.764 68.170-6.904L68.170-9.153L67.582-9.153L67.582-9.433L68.170-9.433L68.170-10.250Q68.170-10.568 68.348-10.816Q68.526-11.063 68.816-11.204Q69.107-11.344 69.418-11.344Q69.674-11.344 69.878-11.202Q70.081-11.060 70.081-10.817Q70.081-10.681 69.982-10.582Q69.883-10.482 69.746-10.482Q69.609-10.482 69.510-10.582Q69.411-10.681 69.411-10.817Q69.411-10.998 69.551-11.091Q69.473-11.118 69.373-11.118Q69.165-11.118 69.011-10.985Q68.857-10.852 68.777-10.648Q68.697-10.445 68.697-10.236L68.697-9.433L69.585-9.433L69.585-9.153L68.724-9.153L68.724-6.904Q68.724-6.695 69.380-6.695\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-47.096 -35.044)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M72.238-6.415L70.686-6.415L70.686-6.695Q70.912-6.695 71.061-6.729Q71.209-6.764 71.209-6.904L71.209-8.753Q71.209-8.941 71.161-9.025Q71.114-9.108 71.016-9.127Q70.919-9.146 70.707-9.146L70.707-9.426L71.763-9.501L71.763-6.904Q71.763-6.764 71.895-6.729Q72.026-6.695 72.238-6.695L72.238-6.415M70.967-10.722Q70.967-10.893 71.090-11.012Q71.213-11.132 71.384-11.132Q71.551-11.132 71.674-11.012Q71.797-10.893 71.797-10.722Q71.797-10.547 71.674-10.424Q71.551-10.301 71.384-10.301Q71.213-10.301 71.090-10.424Q70.967-10.547 70.967-10.722M74.552-6.415L72.949-6.415L72.949-6.695Q73.175-6.695 73.323-6.729Q73.472-6.764 73.472-6.904L73.472-10.523Q73.472-10.793 73.364-10.855Q73.257-10.916 72.949-10.916L72.949-11.197L74.026-11.272L74.026-6.904Q74.026-6.767 74.176-6.731Q74.327-6.695 74.552-6.695L74.552-6.415M76.828-6.415L75.195-6.415L75.195-6.695Q75.424-6.695 75.572-6.729Q75.721-6.764 75.721-6.904L75.721-8.753Q75.721-9.023 75.613-9.084Q75.506-9.146 75.195-9.146L75.195-9.426L76.254-9.501L76.254-8.852Q76.425-9.160 76.729-9.331Q77.034-9.501 77.379-9.501Q77.779-9.501 78.056-9.361Q78.332-9.221 78.418-8.873Q78.585-9.166 78.884-9.334Q79.183-9.501 79.529-9.501Q80.035-9.501 80.318-9.278Q80.602-9.054 80.602-8.558L80.602-6.904Q80.602-6.767 80.751-6.731Q80.899-6.695 81.125-6.695L81.125-6.415L79.495-6.415L79.495-6.695Q79.720-6.695 79.870-6.731Q80.021-6.767 80.021-6.904L80.021-8.544Q80.021-8.879 79.901-9.079Q79.782-9.279 79.467-9.279Q79.197-9.279 78.963-9.143Q78.729-9.006 78.590-8.772Q78.452-8.538 78.452-8.264L78.452-6.904Q78.452-6.767 78.601-6.731Q78.749-6.695 78.975-6.695L78.975-6.415L77.345-6.415L77.345-6.695Q77.574-6.695 77.722-6.729Q77.871-6.764 77.871-6.904L77.871-8.544Q77.871-8.879 77.751-9.079Q77.632-9.279 77.317-9.279Q77.047-9.279 76.813-9.143Q76.579-9.006 76.441-8.772Q76.302-8.538 76.302-8.264L76.302-6.904Q76.302-6.767 76.453-6.731Q76.603-6.695 76.828-6.695\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-55.467-4.993h85.359V-24.91h-85.359Z\"\u002F>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-37.518 -6.591)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-11.992-6.962Q-11.872-6.805-11.681-6.706Q-11.489-6.606-11.274-6.567Q-11.059-6.528-10.836-6.528Q-10.539-6.528-10.344-6.683Q-10.149-6.839-10.059-7.093Q-9.968-7.348-9.968-7.632Q-9.968-7.926-10.060-8.177Q-10.153-8.428-10.351-8.584Q-10.549-8.739-10.843-8.739L-11.359-8.739Q-11.387-8.739-11.412-8.765Q-11.438-8.790-11.438-8.814L-11.438-8.886Q-11.438-8.917-11.412-8.939Q-11.387-8.961-11.359-8.961L-10.918-8.992Q-10.556-8.992-10.336-9.349Q-10.115-9.707-10.115-10.096Q-10.115-10.424-10.310-10.628Q-10.505-10.831-10.836-10.831Q-11.123-10.831-11.376-10.747Q-11.629-10.664-11.793-10.476Q-11.646-10.476-11.546-10.361Q-11.445-10.247-11.445-10.096Q-11.445-9.946-11.551-9.836Q-11.657-9.727-11.814-9.727Q-11.975-9.727-12.084-9.836Q-12.193-9.946-12.193-10.096Q-12.193-10.421-11.985-10.640Q-11.776-10.858-11.460-10.961Q-11.144-11.063-10.836-11.063Q-10.518-11.063-10.190-10.959Q-9.862-10.855-9.635-10.633Q-9.408-10.411-9.408-10.096Q-9.408-9.662-9.695-9.337Q-9.982-9.013-10.416-8.866Q-10.105-8.801-9.825-8.635Q-9.544-8.469-9.367-8.211Q-9.189-7.953-9.189-7.632Q-9.189-7.222-9.433-6.912Q-9.678-6.603-10.059-6.439Q-10.440-6.275-10.836-6.275Q-11.205-6.275-11.563-6.388Q-11.920-6.500-12.164-6.750Q-12.409-6.999-12.409-7.369Q-12.409-7.540-12.292-7.652Q-12.176-7.765-12.005-7.765Q-11.896-7.765-11.805-7.714Q-11.715-7.663-11.660-7.570Q-11.605-7.478-11.605-7.369Q-11.605-7.201-11.718-7.082Q-11.831-6.962-11.992-6.962M-8.017-9.279Q-8.109-9.279-8.177-9.354Q-8.246-9.430-8.246-9.522Q-8.246-9.583-8.213-9.638Q-8.181-9.693-8.119-9.713L-7.070-10.161L-8.119-10.602Q-8.246-10.643-8.246-10.790Q-8.246-10.886-8.177-10.961Q-8.109-11.036-8.017-11.036Q-7.948-11.036-7.904-11.005L-6.936-10.356L-7.049-11.433L-7.049-11.457Q-7.049-11.545-6.979-11.605Q-6.909-11.665-6.817-11.665Q-6.725-11.665-6.656-11.605Q-6.588-11.545-6.588-11.457L-6.588-11.433L-6.701-10.356L-5.733-11.005Q-5.689-11.036-5.621-11.036Q-5.528-11.036-5.460-10.964Q-5.392-10.893-5.392-10.790Q-5.392-10.643-5.515-10.602L-6.567-10.161L-5.515-9.713Q-5.392-9.669-5.392-9.522Q-5.392-9.423-5.460-9.351Q-5.528-9.279-5.621-9.279Q-5.689-9.279-5.733-9.307L-6.701-9.956L-6.588-8.879L-6.588-8.859Q-6.588-8.767-6.656-8.707Q-6.725-8.647-6.817-8.647Q-6.909-8.647-6.979-8.707Q-7.049-8.767-7.049-8.859L-7.049-8.879L-6.936-9.956L-7.904-9.307Q-7.948-9.279-8.017-9.279M-4.110-6.835Q-4.110-7.003-3.987-7.126Q-3.864-7.249-3.689-7.249Q-3.522-7.249-3.399-7.126Q-3.276-7.003-3.276-6.835Q-3.276-6.661-3.399-6.538Q-3.522-6.415-3.689-6.415Q-3.864-6.415-3.987-6.538Q-4.110-6.661-4.110-6.835M-4.110-9.019Q-4.110-9.187-3.987-9.310Q-3.864-9.433-3.689-9.433Q-3.522-9.433-3.399-9.310Q-3.276-9.187-3.276-9.019Q-3.276-8.845-3.399-8.722Q-3.522-8.599-3.689-8.599Q-3.864-8.599-3.987-8.722Q-4.110-8.845-4.110-9.019\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-37.518 -6.591)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M2.935-6.415L1.383-6.415L1.383-6.695Q1.609-6.695 1.758-6.729Q1.906-6.764 1.906-6.904L1.906-8.753Q1.906-8.941 1.858-9.025Q1.811-9.108 1.713-9.127Q1.616-9.146 1.404-9.146L1.404-9.426L2.460-9.501L2.460-6.904Q2.460-6.764 2.592-6.729Q2.723-6.695 2.935-6.695L2.935-6.415M1.664-10.722Q1.664-10.893 1.787-11.012Q1.910-11.132 2.081-11.132Q2.248-11.132 2.371-11.012Q2.494-10.893 2.494-10.722Q2.494-10.547 2.371-10.424Q2.248-10.301 2.081-10.301Q1.910-10.301 1.787-10.424Q1.664-10.547 1.664-10.722M4.108-7.256L4.108-9.153L3.468-9.153L3.468-9.375Q3.786-9.375 4.003-9.585Q4.220-9.795 4.321-10.105Q4.422-10.414 4.422-10.722L4.689-10.722L4.689-9.433L5.765-9.433L5.765-9.153L4.689-9.153L4.689-7.269Q4.689-6.993 4.793-6.794Q4.897-6.596 5.157-6.596Q5.314-6.596 5.420-6.700Q5.526-6.805 5.576-6.958Q5.625-7.112 5.625-7.269L5.625-7.683L5.892-7.683L5.892-7.256Q5.892-7.030 5.793-6.820Q5.693-6.610 5.509-6.478Q5.324-6.347 5.095-6.347Q4.658-6.347 4.383-6.584Q4.108-6.822 4.108-7.256\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-37.518 -6.591)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M10.790-6.442L9.809-8.941Q9.748-9.084 9.630-9.119Q9.512-9.153 9.296-9.153L9.296-9.433L10.776-9.433L10.776-9.153Q10.397-9.153 10.397-8.992Q10.397-8.982 10.411-8.941L11.125-7.109L11.798-8.814Q11.768-8.886 11.768-8.914Q11.768-8.941 11.740-8.941Q11.679-9.088 11.561-9.120Q11.443-9.153 11.231-9.153L11.231-9.433L12.629-9.433L12.629-9.153Q12.253-9.153 12.253-8.992Q12.253-8.961 12.260-8.941L13.015-7.003L13.702-8.753Q13.723-8.804 13.723-8.859Q13.723-8.999 13.610-9.076Q13.497-9.153 13.357-9.153L13.357-9.433L14.577-9.433L14.577-9.153Q14.372-9.153 14.217-9.047Q14.061-8.941 13.989-8.753L13.084-6.442Q13.049-6.347 12.937-6.347L12.868-6.347Q12.759-6.347 12.721-6.442L11.939-8.445L11.152-6.442Q11.118-6.347 11.005-6.347L10.937-6.347Q10.828-6.347 10.790-6.442\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-37.518 -6.591)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M14.954-7.143Q14.954-7.475 15.177-7.702Q15.401-7.929 15.745-8.057Q16.088-8.186 16.461-8.238Q16.833-8.291 17.138-8.291L17.138-8.544Q17.138-8.749 17.030-8.929Q16.922-9.108 16.741-9.211Q16.560-9.313 16.352-9.313Q15.945-9.313 15.709-9.221Q15.798-9.184 15.844-9.100Q15.890-9.016 15.890-8.914Q15.890-8.818 15.844-8.739Q15.798-8.661 15.717-8.616Q15.637-8.572 15.548-8.572Q15.398-8.572 15.297-8.669Q15.196-8.767 15.196-8.914Q15.196-9.536 16.352-9.536Q16.563-9.536 16.813-9.472Q17.062-9.409 17.264-9.290Q17.466-9.170 17.592-8.985Q17.719-8.801 17.719-8.558L17.719-6.982Q17.719-6.866 17.780-6.770Q17.842-6.675 17.955-6.675Q18.064-6.675 18.129-6.769Q18.194-6.863 18.194-6.982L18.194-7.430L18.460-7.430L18.460-6.982Q18.460-6.712 18.233-6.547Q18.006-6.381 17.726-6.381Q17.517-6.381 17.380-6.535Q17.244-6.688 17.220-6.904Q17.073-6.637 16.791-6.492Q16.509-6.347 16.184-6.347Q15.907-6.347 15.623-6.422Q15.340-6.497 15.147-6.676Q14.954-6.856 14.954-7.143M15.569-7.143Q15.569-6.969 15.670-6.839Q15.770-6.709 15.926-6.639Q16.081-6.569 16.246-6.569Q16.464-6.569 16.673-6.666Q16.881-6.764 17.009-6.945Q17.138-7.126 17.138-7.352L17.138-8.080Q16.813-8.080 16.447-7.989Q16.081-7.898 15.825-7.686Q15.569-7.475 15.569-7.143M18.877-6.422L18.877-7.485Q18.877-7.509 18.905-7.536Q18.932-7.563 18.956-7.563L19.065-7.563Q19.130-7.563 19.144-7.505Q19.240-7.071 19.486-6.820Q19.732-6.569 20.145-6.569Q20.487-6.569 20.740-6.702Q20.993-6.835 20.993-7.143Q20.993-7.300 20.899-7.415Q20.805-7.529 20.667-7.598Q20.528-7.666 20.361-7.704L19.780-7.803Q19.424-7.871 19.151-8.092Q18.877-8.312 18.877-8.654Q18.877-8.903 18.988-9.078Q19.100-9.252 19.286-9.351Q19.472-9.450 19.687-9.493Q19.903-9.536 20.145-9.536Q20.559-9.536 20.839-9.354L21.055-9.529Q21.065-9.532 21.072-9.534Q21.079-9.536 21.089-9.536L21.140-9.536Q21.167-9.536 21.191-9.512Q21.215-9.488 21.215-9.460L21.215-8.613Q21.215-8.592 21.191-8.565Q21.167-8.538 21.140-8.538L21.027-8.538Q21-8.538 20.974-8.563Q20.949-8.589 20.949-8.613Q20.949-8.849 20.843-9.013Q20.737-9.177 20.554-9.259Q20.371-9.341 20.139-9.341Q19.810-9.341 19.554-9.238Q19.298-9.136 19.298-8.859Q19.298-8.664 19.481-8.555Q19.664-8.445 19.893-8.404L20.467-8.298Q20.713-8.250 20.926-8.122Q21.140-7.994 21.277-7.791Q21.414-7.587 21.414-7.338Q21.414-6.825 21.048-6.586Q20.682-6.347 20.145-6.347Q19.650-6.347 19.318-6.641L19.052-6.367Q19.031-6.347 19.004-6.347L18.956-6.347Q18.932-6.347 18.905-6.374Q18.877-6.401 18.877-6.422\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-37.518 -6.591)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M26.541-6.415L24.808-6.415L24.808-6.695Q25.034-6.695 25.183-6.729Q25.331-6.764 25.331-6.904L25.331-9.153L24.743-9.153L24.743-9.433L25.331-9.433L25.331-10.250Q25.331-10.568 25.509-10.816Q25.687-11.063 25.977-11.204Q26.268-11.344 26.579-11.344Q26.835-11.344 27.039-11.202Q27.242-11.060 27.242-10.817Q27.242-10.681 27.143-10.582Q27.044-10.482 26.907-10.482Q26.770-10.482 26.671-10.582Q26.572-10.681 26.572-10.817Q26.572-10.998 26.712-11.091Q26.634-11.118 26.534-11.118Q26.326-11.118 26.172-10.985Q26.018-10.852 25.938-10.648Q25.858-10.445 25.858-10.236L25.858-9.433L26.746-9.433L26.746-9.153L25.885-9.153L25.885-6.904Q25.885-6.695 26.541-6.695L26.541-6.415M27.280-7.143Q27.280-7.475 27.503-7.702Q27.727-7.929 28.071-8.057Q28.414-8.186 28.787-8.238Q29.159-8.291 29.464-8.291L29.464-8.544Q29.464-8.749 29.356-8.929Q29.248-9.108 29.067-9.211Q28.886-9.313 28.678-9.313Q28.271-9.313 28.035-9.221Q28.124-9.184 28.170-9.100Q28.216-9.016 28.216-8.914Q28.216-8.818 28.170-8.739Q28.124-8.661 28.044-8.616Q27.963-8.572 27.874-8.572Q27.724-8.572 27.623-8.669Q27.522-8.767 27.522-8.914Q27.522-9.536 28.678-9.536Q28.889-9.536 29.139-9.472Q29.388-9.409 29.590-9.290Q29.792-9.170 29.918-8.985Q30.045-8.801 30.045-8.558L30.045-6.982Q30.045-6.866 30.106-6.770Q30.168-6.675 30.281-6.675Q30.390-6.675 30.455-6.769Q30.520-6.863 30.520-6.982L30.520-7.430L30.786-7.430L30.786-6.982Q30.786-6.712 30.559-6.547Q30.332-6.381 30.052-6.381Q29.843-6.381 29.706-6.535Q29.570-6.688 29.546-6.904Q29.399-6.637 29.117-6.492Q28.835-6.347 28.510-6.347Q28.233-6.347 27.950-6.422Q27.666-6.497 27.473-6.676Q27.280-6.856 27.280-7.143M27.895-7.143Q27.895-6.969 27.996-6.839Q28.096-6.709 28.252-6.639Q28.408-6.569 28.572-6.569Q28.790-6.569 28.999-6.666Q29.207-6.764 29.335-6.945Q29.464-7.126 29.464-7.352L29.464-8.080Q29.139-8.080 28.773-7.989Q28.408-7.898 28.151-7.686Q27.895-7.475 27.895-7.143M32.820-6.415L31.268-6.415L31.268-6.695Q31.494-6.695 31.643-6.729Q31.791-6.764 31.791-6.904L31.791-8.753Q31.791-8.941 31.743-9.025Q31.696-9.108 31.598-9.127Q31.501-9.146 31.289-9.146L31.289-9.426L32.345-9.501L32.345-6.904Q32.345-6.764 32.477-6.729Q32.608-6.695 32.820-6.695L32.820-6.415M31.549-10.722Q31.549-10.893 31.672-11.012Q31.795-11.132 31.966-11.132Q32.133-11.132 32.256-11.012Q32.379-10.893 32.379-10.722Q32.379-10.547 32.256-10.424Q32.133-10.301 31.966-10.301Q31.795-10.301 31.672-10.424Q31.549-10.547 31.549-10.722M35.216-6.415L33.480-6.415L33.480-6.695Q33.709-6.695 33.857-6.729Q34.006-6.764 34.006-6.904L34.006-8.753Q34.006-9.023 33.898-9.084Q33.791-9.146 33.480-9.146L33.480-9.426L34.509-9.501L34.509-8.794Q34.638-9.102 34.881-9.301Q35.124-9.501 35.442-9.501Q35.660-9.501 35.831-9.377Q36.002-9.252 36.002-9.040Q36.002-8.903 35.903-8.804Q35.804-8.705 35.671-8.705Q35.534-8.705 35.435-8.804Q35.336-8.903 35.336-9.040Q35.336-9.180 35.435-9.279Q35.144-9.279 34.944-9.083Q34.744-8.886 34.652-8.592Q34.560-8.298 34.560-8.018L34.560-6.904Q34.560-6.695 35.216-6.695L35.216-6.415M38.255-6.415L36.652-6.415L36.652-6.695Q36.877-6.695 37.026-6.729Q37.175-6.764 37.175-6.904L37.175-10.523Q37.175-10.793 37.067-10.855Q36.959-10.916 36.652-10.916L36.652-11.197L37.728-11.272L37.728-6.904Q37.728-6.767 37.879-6.731Q38.029-6.695 38.255-6.695L38.255-6.415M39.184-5.280Q39.314-5.212 39.451-5.212Q39.622-5.212 39.772-5.301Q39.923-5.390 40.034-5.535Q40.145-5.680 40.223-5.848L40.487-6.415L39.318-8.941Q39.242-9.088 39.113-9.120Q38.983-9.153 38.750-9.153L38.750-9.433L40.271-9.433L40.271-9.153Q39.923-9.153 39.923-9.006Q39.926-8.985 39.928-8.968Q39.929-8.951 39.929-8.941L40.787-7.082L41.560-8.753Q41.594-8.821 41.594-8.900Q41.594-9.013 41.510-9.083Q41.427-9.153 41.314-9.153L41.314-9.433L42.510-9.433L42.510-9.153Q42.291-9.153 42.119-9.049Q41.946-8.944 41.854-8.753L40.517-5.848Q40.346-5.478 40.076-5.232Q39.806-4.986 39.451-4.986Q39.181-4.986 38.962-5.152Q38.743-5.318 38.743-5.581Q38.743-5.718 38.836-5.807Q38.928-5.895 39.068-5.895Q39.205-5.895 39.294-5.807Q39.383-5.718 39.383-5.581Q39.383-5.478 39.330-5.400Q39.277-5.321 39.184-5.280\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-37.518 -6.591)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M45.716-5.882Q45.716-6.128 45.913-6.312Q46.110-6.497 46.366-6.576Q46.229-6.688 46.157-6.849Q46.086-7.010 46.086-7.191Q46.086-7.512 46.297-7.758Q45.963-8.056 45.963-8.466Q45.963-8.927 46.352-9.214Q46.742-9.501 47.220-9.501Q47.692-9.501 48.027-9.255Q48.201-9.409 48.412-9.491Q48.622-9.573 48.851-9.573Q49.015-9.573 49.136-9.466Q49.257-9.358 49.257-9.194Q49.257-9.098 49.186-9.026Q49.114-8.955 49.022-8.955Q48.922-8.955 48.852-9.028Q48.782-9.102 48.782-9.201Q48.782-9.255 48.796-9.286L48.803-9.300Q48.810-9.320 48.818-9.331Q48.827-9.341 48.830-9.348Q48.475-9.348 48.188-9.125Q48.475-8.832 48.475-8.466Q48.475-8.151 48.290-7.919Q48.106-7.686 47.817-7.558Q47.528-7.430 47.220-7.430Q47.019-7.430 46.827-7.480Q46.636-7.529 46.458-7.639Q46.366-7.512 46.366-7.369Q46.366-7.187 46.494-7.052Q46.622-6.917 46.807-6.917L47.439-6.917Q47.887-6.917 48.256-6.846Q48.625-6.774 48.885-6.545Q49.145-6.316 49.145-5.882Q49.145-5.561 48.849-5.359Q48.553-5.157 48.150-5.068Q47.747-4.979 47.432-4.979Q47.114-4.979 46.711-5.068Q46.308-5.157 46.012-5.359Q45.716-5.561 45.716-5.882M46.171-5.882Q46.171-5.653 46.390-5.504Q46.609-5.355 46.901-5.287Q47.193-5.219 47.432-5.219Q47.596-5.219 47.805-5.255Q48.013-5.290 48.220-5.371Q48.427-5.451 48.558-5.579Q48.690-5.707 48.690-5.882Q48.690-6.234 48.309-6.328Q47.928-6.422 47.425-6.422L46.807-6.422Q46.568-6.422 46.369-6.271Q46.171-6.121 46.171-5.882M47.220-7.669Q47.887-7.669 47.887-8.466Q47.887-9.266 47.220-9.266Q46.550-9.266 46.550-8.466Q46.550-7.669 47.220-7.669M49.698-7.898Q49.698-8.240 49.833-8.539Q49.968-8.838 50.208-9.062Q50.447-9.286 50.765-9.411Q51.083-9.536 51.414-9.536Q51.859-9.536 52.258-9.320Q52.658-9.105 52.892-8.727Q53.127-8.350 53.127-7.898Q53.127-7.557 52.985-7.273Q52.843-6.989 52.599-6.782Q52.354-6.576 52.045-6.461Q51.735-6.347 51.414-6.347Q50.984-6.347 50.582-6.548Q50.180-6.750 49.939-7.102Q49.698-7.454 49.698-7.898M51.414-6.596Q52.016-6.596 52.240-6.974Q52.464-7.352 52.464-7.984Q52.464-8.596 52.229-8.955Q51.995-9.313 51.414-9.313Q50.361-9.313 50.361-7.984Q50.361-7.352 50.587-6.974Q50.813-6.596 51.414-6.596\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-37.518 -6.591)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M53.904-7.898Q53.904-8.240 54.039-8.539Q54.174-8.838 54.414-9.062Q54.653-9.286 54.971-9.411Q55.289-9.536 55.620-9.536Q56.065-9.536 56.464-9.320Q56.864-9.105 57.099-8.727Q57.333-8.350 57.333-7.898Q57.333-7.557 57.191-7.273Q57.049-6.989 56.805-6.782Q56.560-6.576 56.251-6.461Q55.942-6.347 55.620-6.347Q55.190-6.347 54.788-6.548Q54.386-6.750 54.145-7.102Q53.904-7.454 53.904-7.898M55.620-6.596Q56.222-6.596 56.446-6.974Q56.670-7.352 56.670-7.984Q56.670-8.596 56.435-8.955Q56.201-9.313 55.620-9.313Q54.568-9.313 54.568-7.984Q54.568-7.352 54.793-6.974Q55.019-6.596 55.620-6.596\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-37.518 -6.591)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M58.146-7.926Q58.146-8.264 58.287-8.555Q58.427-8.845 58.671-9.059Q58.915-9.272 59.220-9.387Q59.524-9.501 59.849-9.501Q60.119-9.501 60.382-9.402Q60.645-9.303 60.836-9.125L60.836-10.523Q60.836-10.793 60.729-10.855Q60.621-10.916 60.310-10.916L60.310-11.197L61.387-11.272L61.387-7.088Q61.387-6.900 61.441-6.817Q61.496-6.733 61.597-6.714Q61.698-6.695 61.913-6.695L61.913-6.415L60.806-6.347L60.806-6.764Q60.389-6.347 59.763-6.347Q59.332-6.347 58.960-6.559Q58.587-6.770 58.367-7.131Q58.146-7.492 58.146-7.926M59.821-6.569Q60.030-6.569 60.216-6.641Q60.402-6.712 60.556-6.849Q60.710-6.986 60.806-7.164L60.806-8.773Q60.720-8.920 60.575-9.040Q60.430-9.160 60.260-9.219Q60.091-9.279 59.910-9.279Q59.350-9.279 59.081-8.890Q58.813-8.500 58.813-7.919Q58.813-7.348 59.047-6.958Q59.281-6.569 59.821-6.569\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-65.403 23.46H39.828V3.543H-65.403Z\"\u002F>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-49.283 21.861)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-9.462-6.415L-11.992-6.415L-11.992-6.695Q-11.024-6.695-11.024-6.904L-11.024-10.523Q-11.417-10.335-12.039-10.335L-12.039-10.616Q-11.622-10.616-11.258-10.717Q-10.894-10.817-10.638-11.063L-10.512-11.063Q-10.447-11.046-10.430-10.978L-10.430-6.904Q-10.430-6.695-9.462-6.695L-9.462-6.415M-8.017-9.279Q-8.109-9.279-8.177-9.354Q-8.246-9.430-8.246-9.522Q-8.246-9.583-8.213-9.638Q-8.181-9.693-8.119-9.713L-7.070-10.161L-8.119-10.602Q-8.246-10.643-8.246-10.790Q-8.246-10.886-8.177-10.961Q-8.109-11.036-8.017-11.036Q-7.948-11.036-7.904-11.005L-6.936-10.356L-7.049-11.433L-7.049-11.457Q-7.049-11.545-6.979-11.605Q-6.909-11.665-6.817-11.665Q-6.725-11.665-6.656-11.605Q-6.588-11.545-6.588-11.457L-6.588-11.433L-6.701-10.356L-5.733-11.005Q-5.689-11.036-5.621-11.036Q-5.528-11.036-5.460-10.964Q-5.392-10.893-5.392-10.790Q-5.392-10.643-5.515-10.602L-6.567-10.161L-5.515-9.713Q-5.392-9.669-5.392-9.522Q-5.392-9.423-5.460-9.351Q-5.528-9.279-5.621-9.279Q-5.689-9.279-5.733-9.307L-6.701-9.956L-6.588-8.879L-6.588-8.859Q-6.588-8.767-6.656-8.707Q-6.725-8.647-6.817-8.647Q-6.909-8.647-6.979-8.707Q-7.049-8.767-7.049-8.859L-7.049-8.879L-6.936-9.956L-7.904-9.307Q-7.948-9.279-8.017-9.279M-4.110-6.835Q-4.110-7.003-3.987-7.126Q-3.864-7.249-3.689-7.249Q-3.522-7.249-3.399-7.126Q-3.276-7.003-3.276-6.835Q-3.276-6.661-3.399-6.538Q-3.522-6.415-3.689-6.415Q-3.864-6.415-3.987-6.538Q-4.110-6.661-4.110-6.835M-4.110-9.019Q-4.110-9.187-3.987-9.310Q-3.864-9.433-3.689-9.433Q-3.522-9.433-3.399-9.310Q-3.276-9.187-3.276-9.019Q-3.276-8.845-3.399-8.722Q-3.522-8.599-3.689-8.599Q-3.864-8.599-3.987-8.722Q-4.110-8.845-4.110-9.019\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-49.283 21.861)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M1.845-7.256L1.845-9.153L1.206-9.153L1.206-9.375Q1.524-9.375 1.741-9.585Q1.958-9.795 2.058-10.105Q2.159-10.414 2.159-10.722L2.426-10.722L2.426-9.433L3.503-9.433L3.503-9.153L2.426-9.153L2.426-7.269Q2.426-6.993 2.530-6.794Q2.634-6.596 2.894-6.596Q3.051-6.596 3.157-6.700Q3.263-6.805 3.313-6.958Q3.362-7.112 3.362-7.269L3.362-7.683L3.629-7.683L3.629-7.256Q3.629-7.030 3.530-6.820Q3.431-6.610 3.246-6.478Q3.062-6.347 2.833-6.347Q2.395-6.347 2.120-6.584Q1.845-6.822 1.845-7.256M6.121-6.415L4.487-6.415L4.487-6.695Q4.716-6.695 4.865-6.729Q5.013-6.764 5.013-6.904L5.013-10.523Q5.013-10.793 4.906-10.855Q4.798-10.916 4.487-10.916L4.487-11.197L5.567-11.272L5.567-8.886Q5.673-9.071 5.851-9.213Q6.028-9.354 6.237-9.428Q6.445-9.501 6.671-9.501Q7.177-9.501 7.461-9.278Q7.744-9.054 7.744-8.558L7.744-6.904Q7.744-6.767 7.893-6.731Q8.042-6.695 8.267-6.695L8.267-6.415L6.637-6.415L6.637-6.695Q6.866-6.695 7.014-6.729Q7.163-6.764 7.163-6.904L7.163-8.544Q7.163-8.879 7.044-9.079Q6.924-9.279 6.609-9.279Q6.339-9.279 6.105-9.143Q5.871-9.006 5.733-8.772Q5.594-8.538 5.594-8.264L5.594-6.904Q5.594-6.767 5.745-6.731Q5.895-6.695 6.121-6.695L6.121-6.415M8.814-7.950Q8.814-8.271 8.939-8.560Q9.064-8.849 9.289-9.072Q9.515-9.296 9.810-9.416Q10.106-9.536 10.424-9.536Q10.752-9.536 11.014-9.436Q11.275-9.337 11.451-9.155Q11.627-8.972 11.721-8.714Q11.815-8.456 11.815-8.124Q11.815-8.032 11.733-8.011L9.477-8.011L9.477-7.950Q9.477-7.362 9.761-6.979Q10.045-6.596 10.612-6.596Q10.933-6.596 11.202-6.789Q11.470-6.982 11.559-7.297Q11.566-7.338 11.641-7.352L11.733-7.352Q11.815-7.328 11.815-7.256Q11.815-7.249 11.808-7.222Q11.695-6.825 11.325-6.586Q10.954-6.347 10.530-6.347Q10.092-6.347 9.692-6.555Q9.293-6.764 9.053-7.131Q8.814-7.498 8.814-7.950M9.484-8.220L11.299-8.220Q11.299-8.497 11.202-8.749Q11.104-9.002 10.906-9.158Q10.708-9.313 10.424-9.313Q10.147-9.313 9.933-9.155Q9.720-8.996 9.602-8.741Q9.484-8.486 9.484-8.220\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-49.283 21.861)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M16.498-6.442L15.517-8.941Q15.456-9.084 15.338-9.119Q15.220-9.153 15.004-9.153L15.004-9.433L16.484-9.433L16.484-9.153Q16.105-9.153 16.105-8.992Q16.105-8.982 16.119-8.941L16.833-7.109L17.506-8.814Q17.476-8.886 17.476-8.914Q17.476-8.941 17.448-8.941Q17.387-9.088 17.269-9.120Q17.151-9.153 16.939-9.153L16.939-9.433L18.337-9.433L18.337-9.153Q17.961-9.153 17.961-8.992Q17.961-8.961 17.968-8.941L18.723-7.003L19.410-8.753Q19.431-8.804 19.431-8.859Q19.431-8.999 19.318-9.076Q19.205-9.153 19.065-9.153L19.065-9.433L20.285-9.433L20.285-9.153Q20.080-9.153 19.925-9.047Q19.769-8.941 19.697-8.753L18.792-6.442Q18.757-6.347 18.645-6.347L18.576-6.347Q18.467-6.347 18.429-6.442L17.647-8.445L16.860-6.442Q16.826-6.347 16.713-6.347L16.645-6.347Q16.536-6.347 16.498-6.442\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-49.283 21.861)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M20.562-7.898Q20.562-8.240 20.697-8.539Q20.832-8.838 21.072-9.062Q21.311-9.286 21.629-9.411Q21.947-9.536 22.278-9.536Q22.723-9.536 23.122-9.320Q23.522-9.105 23.757-8.727Q23.991-8.350 23.991-7.898Q23.991-7.557 23.849-7.273Q23.707-6.989 23.463-6.782Q23.218-6.576 22.909-6.461Q22.600-6.347 22.278-6.347Q21.848-6.347 21.446-6.548Q21.044-6.750 20.803-7.102Q20.562-7.454 20.562-7.898M22.278-6.596Q22.880-6.596 23.104-6.974Q23.328-7.352 23.328-7.984Q23.328-8.596 23.093-8.955Q22.859-9.313 22.278-9.313Q21.226-9.313 21.226-7.984Q21.226-7.352 21.451-6.974Q21.677-6.596 22.278-6.596M26.335-6.415L24.599-6.415L24.599-6.695Q24.828-6.695 24.977-6.729Q25.125-6.764 25.125-6.904L25.125-8.753Q25.125-9.023 25.018-9.084Q24.910-9.146 24.599-9.146L24.599-9.426L25.628-9.501L25.628-8.794Q25.758-9.102 26-9.301Q26.243-9.501 26.561-9.501Q26.780-9.501 26.951-9.377Q27.122-9.252 27.122-9.040Q27.122-8.903 27.022-8.804Q26.923-8.705 26.790-8.705Q26.653-8.705 26.554-8.804Q26.455-8.903 26.455-9.040Q26.455-9.180 26.554-9.279Q26.264-9.279 26.064-9.083Q25.864-8.886 25.771-8.592Q25.679-8.298 25.679-8.018L25.679-6.904Q25.679-6.695 26.335-6.695L26.335-6.415M27.706-6.422L27.706-7.485Q27.706-7.509 27.733-7.536Q27.761-7.563 27.785-7.563L27.894-7.563Q27.959-7.563 27.973-7.505Q28.068-7.071 28.314-6.820Q28.560-6.569 28.974-6.569Q29.316-6.569 29.569-6.702Q29.822-6.835 29.822-7.143Q29.822-7.300 29.728-7.415Q29.634-7.529 29.495-7.598Q29.357-7.666 29.189-7.704L28.608-7.803Q28.253-7.871 27.979-8.092Q27.706-8.312 27.706-8.654Q27.706-8.903 27.817-9.078Q27.928-9.252 28.114-9.351Q28.301-9.450 28.516-9.493Q28.731-9.536 28.974-9.536Q29.388-9.536 29.668-9.354L29.883-9.529Q29.893-9.532 29.900-9.534Q29.907-9.536 29.917-9.536L29.969-9.536Q29.996-9.536 30.020-9.512Q30.044-9.488 30.044-9.460L30.044-8.613Q30.044-8.592 30.020-8.565Q29.996-8.538 29.969-8.538L29.856-8.538Q29.829-8.538 29.803-8.563Q29.777-8.589 29.777-8.613Q29.777-8.849 29.671-9.013Q29.565-9.177 29.383-9.259Q29.200-9.341 28.967-9.341Q28.639-9.341 28.383-9.238Q28.126-9.136 28.126-8.859Q28.126-8.664 28.309-8.555Q28.492-8.445 28.721-8.404L29.295-8.298Q29.541-8.250 29.755-8.122Q29.969-7.994 30.105-7.791Q30.242-7.587 30.242-7.338Q30.242-6.825 29.876-6.586Q29.511-6.347 28.974-6.347Q28.478-6.347 28.147-6.641L27.880-6.367Q27.860-6.347 27.832-6.347L27.785-6.347Q27.761-6.347 27.733-6.374Q27.706-6.401 27.706-6.422M31.397-7.256L31.397-9.153L30.758-9.153L30.758-9.375Q31.076-9.375 31.293-9.585Q31.510-9.795 31.611-10.105Q31.712-10.414 31.712-10.722L31.978-10.722L31.978-9.433L33.055-9.433L33.055-9.153L31.978-9.153L31.978-7.269Q31.978-6.993 32.083-6.794Q32.187-6.596 32.447-6.596Q32.604-6.596 32.710-6.700Q32.816-6.805 32.865-6.958Q32.915-7.112 32.915-7.269L32.915-7.683L33.182-7.683L33.182-7.256Q33.182-7.030 33.082-6.820Q32.983-6.610 32.799-6.478Q32.614-6.347 32.385-6.347Q31.948-6.347 31.673-6.584Q31.397-6.822 31.397-7.256M34.491-5.185Q34.491-5.219 34.518-5.246Q34.788-5.475 34.937-5.798Q35.085-6.121 35.085-6.477L35.085-6.514Q34.976-6.415 34.812-6.415Q34.631-6.415 34.511-6.535Q34.392-6.654 34.392-6.835Q34.392-7.010 34.511-7.129Q34.631-7.249 34.812-7.249Q35.068-7.249 35.188-7.010Q35.308-6.770 35.308-6.477Q35.308-6.077 35.138-5.706Q34.969-5.335 34.672-5.079Q34.641-5.058 34.614-5.058Q34.573-5.058 34.532-5.099Q34.491-5.140 34.491-5.185\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-49.283 21.861)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M38.966-7.926Q38.966-8.264 39.107-8.555Q39.247-8.845 39.491-9.059Q39.735-9.272 40.040-9.387Q40.344-9.501 40.669-9.501Q40.939-9.501 41.202-9.402Q41.465-9.303 41.656-9.125L41.656-10.523Q41.656-10.793 41.549-10.855Q41.441-10.916 41.130-10.916L41.130-11.197L42.207-11.272L42.207-7.088Q42.207-6.900 42.261-6.817Q42.316-6.733 42.417-6.714Q42.518-6.695 42.733-6.695L42.733-6.415L41.626-6.347L41.626-6.764Q41.209-6.347 40.583-6.347Q40.152-6.347 39.780-6.559Q39.407-6.770 39.187-7.131Q38.966-7.492 38.966-7.926M40.641-6.569Q40.850-6.569 41.036-6.641Q41.222-6.712 41.376-6.849Q41.530-6.986 41.626-7.164L41.626-8.773Q41.540-8.920 41.395-9.040Q41.250-9.160 41.080-9.219Q40.911-9.279 40.730-9.279Q40.170-9.279 39.901-8.890Q39.633-8.500 39.633-7.919Q39.633-7.348 39.867-6.958Q40.101-6.569 40.641-6.569M44.999-6.415L43.447-6.415L43.447-6.695Q43.673-6.695 43.822-6.729Q43.970-6.764 43.970-6.904L43.970-8.753Q43.970-8.941 43.923-9.025Q43.875-9.108 43.777-9.127Q43.680-9.146 43.468-9.146L43.468-9.426L44.524-9.501L44.524-6.904Q44.524-6.764 44.656-6.729Q44.787-6.695 44.999-6.695L44.999-6.415M43.728-10.722Q43.728-10.893 43.851-11.012Q43.974-11.132 44.145-11.132Q44.312-11.132 44.435-11.012Q44.558-10.893 44.558-10.722Q44.558-10.547 44.435-10.424Q44.312-10.301 44.145-10.301Q43.974-10.301 43.851-10.424Q43.728-10.547 43.728-10.722M45.645-6.422L45.645-7.485Q45.645-7.509 45.673-7.536Q45.700-7.563 45.724-7.563L45.833-7.563Q45.898-7.563 45.912-7.505Q46.007-7.071 46.254-6.820Q46.500-6.569 46.913-6.569Q47.255-6.569 47.508-6.702Q47.761-6.835 47.761-7.143Q47.761-7.300 47.667-7.415Q47.573-7.529 47.434-7.598Q47.296-7.666 47.129-7.704L46.548-7.803Q46.192-7.871 45.919-8.092Q45.645-8.312 45.645-8.654Q45.645-8.903 45.756-9.078Q45.867-9.252 46.054-9.351Q46.240-9.450 46.455-9.493Q46.671-9.536 46.913-9.536Q47.327-9.536 47.607-9.354L47.822-9.529Q47.833-9.532 47.840-9.534Q47.846-9.536 47.857-9.536L47.908-9.536Q47.935-9.536 47.959-9.512Q47.983-9.488 47.983-9.460L47.983-8.613Q47.983-8.592 47.959-8.565Q47.935-8.538 47.908-8.538L47.795-8.538Q47.768-8.538 47.742-8.563Q47.716-8.589 47.716-8.613Q47.716-8.849 47.610-9.013Q47.505-9.177 47.322-9.259Q47.139-9.341 46.906-9.341Q46.578-9.341 46.322-9.238Q46.066-9.136 46.066-8.859Q46.066-8.664 46.248-8.555Q46.431-8.445 46.660-8.404L47.235-8.298Q47.481-8.250 47.694-8.122Q47.908-7.994 48.045-7.791Q48.181-7.587 48.181-7.338Q48.181-6.825 47.816-6.586Q47.450-6.347 46.913-6.347Q46.418-6.347 46.086-6.641L45.819-6.367Q45.799-6.347 45.772-6.347L45.724-6.347Q45.700-6.347 45.673-6.374Q45.645-6.401 45.645-6.422M48.868-7.143Q48.868-7.475 49.092-7.702Q49.316-7.929 49.660-8.057Q50.003-8.186 50.376-8.238Q50.748-8.291 51.052-8.291L51.052-8.544Q51.052-8.749 50.945-8.929Q50.837-9.108 50.656-9.211Q50.475-9.313 50.266-9.313Q49.860-9.313 49.624-9.221Q49.713-9.184 49.759-9.100Q49.805-9.016 49.805-8.914Q49.805-8.818 49.759-8.739Q49.713-8.661 49.632-8.616Q49.552-8.572 49.463-8.572Q49.313-8.572 49.212-8.669Q49.111-8.767 49.111-8.914Q49.111-9.536 50.266-9.536Q50.478-9.536 50.728-9.472Q50.977-9.409 51.179-9.290Q51.381-9.170 51.507-8.985Q51.633-8.801 51.633-8.558L51.633-6.982Q51.633-6.866 51.695-6.770Q51.756-6.675 51.869-6.675Q51.979-6.675 52.044-6.769Q52.109-6.863 52.109-6.982L52.109-7.430L52.375-7.430L52.375-6.982Q52.375-6.712 52.148-6.547Q51.921-6.381 51.640-6.381Q51.432-6.381 51.295-6.535Q51.158-6.688 51.134-6.904Q50.987-6.637 50.705-6.492Q50.423-6.347 50.099-6.347Q49.822-6.347 49.538-6.422Q49.255-6.497 49.061-6.676Q48.868-6.856 48.868-7.143M49.484-7.143Q49.484-6.969 49.584-6.839Q49.685-6.709 49.841-6.639Q49.996-6.569 50.160-6.569Q50.379-6.569 50.588-6.666Q50.796-6.764 50.924-6.945Q51.052-7.126 51.052-7.352L51.052-8.080Q50.728-8.080 50.362-7.989Q49.996-7.898 49.740-7.686Q49.484-7.475 49.484-7.143M54.436-5.058L52.806-5.058L52.806-5.338Q53.035-5.338 53.183-5.373Q53.332-5.407 53.332-5.547L53.332-8.893Q53.332-9.064 53.195-9.105Q53.059-9.146 52.806-9.146L52.806-9.426L53.886-9.501L53.886-9.095Q54.108-9.296 54.395-9.399Q54.682-9.501 54.990-9.501Q55.417-9.501 55.781-9.288Q56.145-9.074 56.359-8.710Q56.572-8.346 56.572-7.926Q56.572-7.481 56.333-7.117Q56.094-6.753 55.701-6.550Q55.308-6.347 54.863-6.347Q54.597-6.347 54.349-6.447Q54.101-6.548 53.913-6.729L53.913-5.547Q53.913-5.410 54.062-5.374Q54.211-5.338 54.436-5.338L54.436-5.058M53.913-8.746L53.913-7.136Q54.047-6.883 54.289-6.726Q54.532-6.569 54.809-6.569Q55.137-6.569 55.390-6.770Q55.643-6.972 55.776-7.290Q55.909-7.608 55.909-7.926Q55.909-8.155 55.844-8.384Q55.779-8.613 55.651-8.811Q55.523-9.009 55.328-9.129Q55.133-9.248 54.901-9.248Q54.607-9.248 54.339-9.119Q54.070-8.989 53.913-8.746M58.852-5.058L57.222-5.058L57.222-5.338Q57.451-5.338 57.600-5.373Q57.748-5.407 57.748-5.547L57.748-8.893Q57.748-9.064 57.611-9.105Q57.475-9.146 57.222-9.146L57.222-9.426L58.302-9.501L58.302-9.095Q58.524-9.296 58.811-9.399Q59.098-9.501 59.406-9.501Q59.833-9.501 60.197-9.288Q60.561-9.074 60.775-8.710Q60.988-8.346 60.988-7.926Q60.988-7.481 60.749-7.117Q60.510-6.753 60.117-6.550Q59.724-6.347 59.279-6.347Q59.013-6.347 58.765-6.447Q58.517-6.548 58.329-6.729L58.329-5.547Q58.329-5.410 58.478-5.374Q58.627-5.338 58.852-5.338L58.852-5.058M58.329-8.746L58.329-7.136Q58.463-6.883 58.705-6.726Q58.948-6.569 59.225-6.569Q59.553-6.569 59.806-6.770Q60.059-6.972 60.192-7.290Q60.325-7.608 60.325-7.926Q60.325-8.155 60.260-8.384Q60.195-8.613 60.067-8.811Q59.939-9.009 59.744-9.129Q59.549-9.248 59.317-9.248Q59.023-9.248 58.755-9.119Q58.486-8.989 58.329-8.746\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-49.283 21.861)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M61.808-7.898Q61.808-8.240 61.943-8.539Q62.078-8.838 62.318-9.062Q62.557-9.286 62.875-9.411Q63.193-9.536 63.524-9.536Q63.969-9.536 64.368-9.320Q64.768-9.105 65.003-8.727Q65.237-8.350 65.237-7.898Q65.237-7.557 65.095-7.273Q64.953-6.989 64.709-6.782Q64.464-6.576 64.155-6.461Q63.846-6.347 63.524-6.347Q63.094-6.347 62.692-6.548Q62.290-6.750 62.049-7.102Q61.808-7.454 61.808-7.898M63.524-6.596Q64.126-6.596 64.350-6.974Q64.574-7.352 64.574-7.984Q64.574-8.596 64.339-8.955Q64.105-9.313 63.524-9.313Q62.472-9.313 62.472-7.984Q62.472-7.352 62.697-6.974Q62.923-6.596 63.524-6.596M67.448-6.415L65.896-6.415L65.896-6.695Q66.122-6.695 66.271-6.729Q66.419-6.764 66.419-6.904L66.419-8.753Q66.419-8.941 66.371-9.025Q66.324-9.108 66.226-9.127Q66.129-9.146 65.917-9.146L65.917-9.426L66.973-9.501L66.973-6.904Q66.973-6.764 67.105-6.729Q67.236-6.695 67.448-6.695L67.448-6.415M66.177-10.722Q66.177-10.893 66.300-11.012Q66.423-11.132 66.594-11.132Q66.761-11.132 66.884-11.012Q67.007-10.893 67.007-10.722Q67.007-10.547 66.884-10.424Q66.761-10.301 66.594-10.301Q66.423-10.301 66.300-10.424Q66.177-10.547 66.177-10.722M69.776-6.415L68.142-6.415L68.142-6.695Q68.371-6.695 68.520-6.729Q68.668-6.764 68.668-6.904L68.668-8.753Q68.668-9.023 68.561-9.084Q68.453-9.146 68.142-9.146L68.142-9.426L69.202-9.501L69.202-8.852Q69.372-9.160 69.677-9.331Q69.981-9.501 70.326-9.501Q70.832-9.501 71.116-9.278Q71.399-9.054 71.399-8.558L71.399-6.904Q71.399-6.767 71.548-6.731Q71.697-6.695 71.922-6.695L71.922-6.415L70.292-6.415L70.292-6.695Q70.521-6.695 70.670-6.729Q70.818-6.764 70.818-6.904L70.818-8.544Q70.818-8.879 70.699-9.079Q70.579-9.279 70.264-9.279Q69.994-9.279 69.760-9.143Q69.526-9.006 69.388-8.772Q69.249-8.538 69.249-8.264L69.249-6.904Q69.249-6.767 69.400-6.731Q69.550-6.695 69.776-6.695\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-49.283 21.861)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M72.828-7.256L72.828-9.153L72.189-9.153L72.189-9.375Q72.507-9.375 72.724-9.585Q72.941-9.795 73.041-10.105Q73.142-10.414 73.142-10.722L73.409-10.722L73.409-9.433L74.486-9.433L74.486-9.153L73.409-9.153L73.409-7.269Q73.409-6.993 73.513-6.794Q73.617-6.596 73.877-6.596Q74.034-6.596 74.140-6.700Q74.246-6.805 74.296-6.958Q74.345-7.112 74.345-7.269L74.345-7.683L74.612-7.683L74.612-7.256Q74.612-7.030 74.513-6.820Q74.414-6.610 74.229-6.478Q74.045-6.347 73.816-6.347Q73.378-6.347 73.103-6.584Q72.828-6.822 72.828-7.256M77.039-6.415L75.487-6.415L75.487-6.695Q75.713-6.695 75.861-6.729Q76.010-6.764 76.010-6.904L76.010-8.753Q76.010-8.941 75.962-9.025Q75.914-9.108 75.817-9.127Q75.719-9.146 75.508-9.146L75.508-9.426L76.564-9.501L76.564-6.904Q76.564-6.764 76.695-6.729Q76.827-6.695 77.039-6.695L77.039-6.415M75.767-10.722Q75.767-10.893 75.890-11.012Q76.013-11.132 76.184-11.132Q76.352-11.132 76.475-11.012Q76.598-10.893 76.598-10.722Q76.598-10.547 76.475-10.424Q76.352-10.301 76.184-10.301Q76.013-10.301 75.890-10.424Q75.767-10.547 75.767-10.722M79.366-6.415L77.733-6.415L77.733-6.695Q77.962-6.695 78.110-6.729Q78.259-6.764 78.259-6.904L78.259-8.753Q78.259-9.023 78.151-9.084Q78.044-9.146 77.733-9.146L77.733-9.426L78.792-9.501L78.792-8.852Q78.963-9.160 79.267-9.331Q79.571-9.501 79.917-9.501Q80.423-9.501 80.706-9.278Q80.990-9.054 80.990-8.558L80.990-6.904Q80.990-6.767 81.139-6.731Q81.287-6.695 81.513-6.695L81.513-6.415L79.883-6.415L79.883-6.695Q80.112-6.695 80.260-6.729Q80.409-6.764 80.409-6.904L80.409-8.544Q80.409-8.879 80.289-9.079Q80.170-9.279 79.855-9.279Q79.585-9.279 79.351-9.143Q79.117-9.006 78.978-8.772Q78.840-8.538 78.840-8.264L78.840-6.904Q78.840-6.767 78.990-6.731Q79.141-6.695 79.366-6.695L79.366-6.415M82.060-5.882Q82.060-6.128 82.256-6.312Q82.453-6.497 82.709-6.576Q82.572-6.688 82.501-6.849Q82.429-7.010 82.429-7.191Q82.429-7.512 82.641-7.758Q82.306-8.056 82.306-8.466Q82.306-8.927 82.695-9.214Q83.085-9.501 83.564-9.501Q84.035-9.501 84.370-9.255Q84.545-9.409 84.755-9.491Q84.965-9.573 85.194-9.573Q85.358-9.573 85.479-9.466Q85.601-9.358 85.601-9.194Q85.601-9.098 85.529-9.026Q85.457-8.955 85.365-8.955Q85.266-8.955 85.196-9.028Q85.126-9.102 85.126-9.201Q85.126-9.255 85.139-9.286L85.146-9.300Q85.153-9.320 85.162-9.331Q85.170-9.341 85.174-9.348Q84.818-9.348 84.531-9.125Q84.818-8.832 84.818-8.466Q84.818-8.151 84.633-7.919Q84.449-7.686 84.160-7.558Q83.871-7.430 83.564-7.430Q83.362-7.430 83.171-7.480Q82.979-7.529 82.801-7.639Q82.709-7.512 82.709-7.369Q82.709-7.187 82.837-7.052Q82.966-6.917 83.150-6.917L83.782-6.917Q84.230-6.917 84.599-6.846Q84.968-6.774 85.228-6.545Q85.488-6.316 85.488-5.882Q85.488-5.561 85.192-5.359Q84.897-5.157 84.493-5.068Q84.090-4.979 83.776-4.979Q83.458-4.979 83.054-5.068Q82.651-5.157 82.355-5.359Q82.060-5.561 82.060-5.882M82.514-5.882Q82.514-5.653 82.733-5.504Q82.952-5.355 83.244-5.287Q83.536-5.219 83.776-5.219Q83.940-5.219 84.148-5.255Q84.357-5.290 84.563-5.371Q84.770-5.451 84.902-5.579Q85.033-5.707 85.033-5.882Q85.033-6.234 84.652-6.328Q84.271-6.422 83.769-6.422L83.150-6.422Q82.911-6.422 82.713-6.271Q82.514-6.121 82.514-5.882M83.564-7.669Q84.230-7.669 84.230-8.466Q84.230-9.266 83.564-9.266Q82.894-9.266 82.894-8.466Q82.894-7.669 83.564-7.669\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-47.682 -57.813)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-10.724-6.415L-12.460-6.415L-12.460-6.695Q-12.231-6.695-12.082-6.729Q-11.934-6.764-11.934-6.904L-11.934-8.753Q-11.934-9.023-12.041-9.084Q-12.149-9.146-12.460-9.146L-12.460-9.426L-11.431-9.501L-11.431-8.794Q-11.301-9.102-11.059-9.301Q-10.816-9.501-10.498-9.501Q-10.279-9.501-10.108-9.377Q-9.937-9.252-9.937-9.040Q-9.937-8.903-10.037-8.804Q-10.136-8.705-10.269-8.705Q-10.406-8.705-10.505-8.804Q-10.604-8.903-10.604-9.040Q-10.604-9.180-10.505-9.279Q-10.795-9.279-10.995-9.083Q-11.195-8.886-11.288-8.592Q-11.380-8.298-11.380-8.018L-11.380-6.904Q-11.380-6.695-10.724-6.695L-10.724-6.415M-9.394-7.950Q-9.394-8.271-9.269-8.560Q-9.144-8.849-8.919-9.072Q-8.693-9.296-8.398-9.416Q-8.102-9.536-7.784-9.536Q-7.456-9.536-7.194-9.436Q-6.933-9.337-6.757-9.155Q-6.581-8.972-6.487-8.714Q-6.393-8.456-6.393-8.124Q-6.393-8.032-6.475-8.011L-8.731-8.011L-8.731-7.950Q-8.731-7.362-8.447-6.979Q-8.163-6.596-7.596-6.596Q-7.275-6.596-7.007-6.789Q-6.738-6.982-6.649-7.297Q-6.642-7.338-6.567-7.352L-6.475-7.352Q-6.393-7.328-6.393-7.256Q-6.393-7.249-6.400-7.222Q-6.513-6.825-6.883-6.586Q-7.254-6.347-7.678-6.347Q-8.116-6.347-8.516-6.555Q-8.915-6.764-9.155-7.131Q-9.394-7.498-9.394-7.950M-8.724-8.220L-6.909-8.220Q-6.909-8.497-7.007-8.749Q-7.104-9.002-7.302-9.158Q-7.500-9.313-7.784-9.313Q-8.061-9.313-8.275-9.155Q-8.488-8.996-8.606-8.741Q-8.724-8.486-8.724-8.220M-4.216-6.442L-5.344-8.941Q-5.415-9.088-5.545-9.120Q-5.675-9.153-5.904-9.153L-5.904-9.433L-4.390-9.433L-4.390-9.153Q-4.742-9.153-4.742-9.006Q-4.742-8.961-4.732-8.941L-3.867-7.023L-3.088-8.753Q-3.054-8.821-3.054-8.900Q-3.054-9.013-3.137-9.083Q-3.221-9.153-3.341-9.153L-3.341-9.433L-2.144-9.433L-2.144-9.153Q-2.363-9.153-2.534-9.050Q-2.705-8.948-2.794-8.753L-3.830-6.442Q-3.877-6.347-3.983-6.347L-4.062-6.347Q-4.168-6.347-4.216-6.442M0.012-6.415L-1.539-6.415L-1.539-6.695Q-1.314-6.695-1.165-6.729Q-1.017-6.764-1.017-6.904L-1.017-8.753Q-1.017-8.941-1.064-9.025Q-1.112-9.108-1.210-9.127Q-1.307-9.146-1.519-9.146L-1.519-9.426L-0.463-9.501L-0.463-6.904Q-0.463-6.764-0.331-6.729Q-0.200-6.695 0.012-6.695L0.012-6.415M-1.259-10.722Q-1.259-10.893-1.136-11.012Q-1.013-11.132-0.842-11.132Q-0.675-11.132-0.552-11.012Q-0.429-10.893-0.429-10.722Q-0.429-10.547-0.552-10.424Q-0.675-10.301-0.842-10.301Q-1.013-10.301-1.136-10.424Q-1.259-10.547-1.259-10.722M0.617-7.950Q0.617-8.271 0.742-8.560Q0.867-8.849 1.092-9.072Q1.318-9.296 1.614-9.416Q1.909-9.536 2.227-9.536Q2.555-9.536 2.817-9.436Q3.078-9.337 3.254-9.155Q3.430-8.972 3.524-8.714Q3.618-8.456 3.618-8.124Q3.618-8.032 3.536-8.011L1.280-8.011L1.280-7.950Q1.280-7.362 1.564-6.979Q1.848-6.596 2.415-6.596Q2.736-6.596 3.005-6.789Q3.273-6.982 3.362-7.297Q3.369-7.338 3.444-7.352L3.536-7.352Q3.618-7.328 3.618-7.256Q3.618-7.249 3.611-7.222Q3.499-6.825 3.128-6.586Q2.757-6.347 2.333-6.347Q1.896-6.347 1.496-6.555Q1.096-6.764 0.857-7.131Q0.617-7.498 0.617-7.950M1.287-8.220L3.102-8.220Q3.102-8.497 3.005-8.749Q2.907-9.002 2.709-9.158Q2.511-9.313 2.227-9.313Q1.950-9.313 1.737-9.155Q1.523-8.996 1.405-8.741Q1.287-8.486 1.287-8.220M5.594-6.442L4.613-8.941Q4.551-9.084 4.433-9.119Q4.316-9.153 4.100-9.153L4.100-9.433L5.580-9.433L5.580-9.153Q5.201-9.153 5.201-8.992Q5.201-8.982 5.214-8.941L5.929-7.109L6.602-8.814Q6.571-8.886 6.571-8.914Q6.571-8.941 6.544-8.941Q6.483-9.088 6.365-9.120Q6.247-9.153 6.035-9.153L6.035-9.433L7.433-9.433L7.433-9.153Q7.057-9.153 7.057-8.992Q7.057-8.961 7.064-8.941L7.819-7.003L8.506-8.753Q8.526-8.804 8.526-8.859Q8.526-8.999 8.414-9.076Q8.301-9.153 8.161-9.153L8.161-9.433L9.381-9.433L9.381-9.153Q9.176-9.153 9.020-9.047Q8.865-8.941 8.793-8.753L7.887-6.442Q7.853-6.347 7.740-6.347L7.672-6.347Q7.563-6.347 7.525-6.442L6.742-8.445L5.956-6.442Q5.922-6.347 5.809-6.347L5.741-6.347Q5.631-6.347 5.594-6.442M9.911-6.422L9.911-7.485Q9.911-7.509 9.938-7.536Q9.965-7.563 9.989-7.563L10.099-7.563Q10.164-7.563 10.177-7.505Q10.273-7.071 10.519-6.820Q10.765-6.569 11.179-6.569Q11.521-6.569 11.774-6.702Q12.026-6.835 12.026-7.143Q12.026-7.300 11.932-7.415Q11.838-7.529 11.700-7.598Q11.562-7.666 11.394-7.704L10.813-7.803Q10.458-7.871 10.184-8.092Q9.911-8.312 9.911-8.654Q9.911-8.903 10.022-9.078Q10.133-9.252 10.319-9.351Q10.505-9.450 10.721-9.493Q10.936-9.536 11.179-9.536Q11.592-9.536 11.873-9.354L12.088-9.529Q12.098-9.532 12.105-9.534Q12.112-9.536 12.122-9.536L12.173-9.536Q12.201-9.536 12.225-9.512Q12.249-9.488 12.249-9.460L12.249-8.613Q12.249-8.592 12.225-8.565Q12.201-8.538 12.173-8.538L12.061-8.538Q12.033-8.538 12.008-8.563Q11.982-8.589 11.982-8.613Q11.982-8.849 11.876-9.013Q11.770-9.177 11.587-9.259Q11.404-9.341 11.172-9.341Q10.844-9.341 10.587-9.238Q10.331-9.136 10.331-8.859Q10.331-8.664 10.514-8.555Q10.697-8.445 10.926-8.404L11.500-8.298Q11.746-8.250 11.960-8.122Q12.173-7.994 12.310-7.791Q12.447-7.587 12.447-7.338Q12.447-6.825 12.081-6.586Q11.715-6.347 11.179-6.347Q10.683-6.347 10.352-6.641L10.085-6.367Q10.065-6.347 10.037-6.347L9.989-6.347Q9.965-6.347 9.938-6.374Q9.911-6.401 9.911-6.422\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-47.682 -57.813)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M18.383-5.735L18.383-7.991L16.134-7.991Q16.066-8.001 16.020-8.047Q15.974-8.093 15.974-8.165Q15.974-8.309 16.134-8.332L18.383-8.332L18.383-10.588Q18.394-10.657 18.440-10.703Q18.486-10.749 18.558-10.749Q18.701-10.749 18.725-10.588L18.725-8.332L20.967-8.332Q21.128-8.309 21.128-8.165Q21.128-8.093 21.082-8.047Q21.036-8.001 20.967-7.991L18.725-7.991L18.725-5.735Q18.701-5.574 18.558-5.574Q18.486-5.574 18.440-5.620Q18.394-5.666 18.383-5.735\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-47.682 -57.813)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M24.632-6.422L24.632-7.485Q24.632-7.509 24.660-7.536Q24.687-7.563 24.711-7.563L24.820-7.563Q24.885-7.563 24.899-7.505Q24.995-7.071 25.241-6.820Q25.487-6.569 25.901-6.569Q26.242-6.569 26.495-6.702Q26.748-6.835 26.748-7.143Q26.748-7.300 26.654-7.415Q26.560-7.529 26.422-7.598Q26.283-7.666 26.116-7.704L25.535-7.803Q25.179-7.871 24.906-8.092Q24.632-8.312 24.632-8.654Q24.632-8.903 24.744-9.078Q24.855-9.252 25.041-9.351Q25.227-9.450 25.443-9.493Q25.658-9.536 25.901-9.536Q26.314-9.536 26.594-9.354L26.810-9.529Q26.820-9.532 26.827-9.534Q26.834-9.536 26.844-9.536L26.895-9.536Q26.922-9.536 26.946-9.512Q26.970-9.488 26.970-9.460L26.970-8.613Q26.970-8.592 26.946-8.565Q26.922-8.538 26.895-8.538L26.782-8.538Q26.755-8.538 26.729-8.563Q26.704-8.589 26.704-8.613Q26.704-8.849 26.598-9.013Q26.492-9.177 26.309-9.259Q26.126-9.341 25.894-9.341Q25.566-9.341 25.309-9.238Q25.053-9.136 25.053-8.859Q25.053-8.664 25.236-8.555Q25.419-8.445 25.648-8.404L26.222-8.298Q26.468-8.250 26.682-8.122Q26.895-7.994 27.032-7.791Q27.169-7.587 27.169-7.338Q27.169-6.825 26.803-6.586Q26.437-6.347 25.901-6.347Q25.405-6.347 25.073-6.641L24.807-6.367Q24.786-6.347 24.759-6.347L24.711-6.347Q24.687-6.347 24.660-6.374Q24.632-6.401 24.632-6.422M28.324-7.256L28.324-9.153L27.685-9.153L27.685-9.375Q28.003-9.375 28.220-9.585Q28.437-9.795 28.537-10.105Q28.638-10.414 28.638-10.722L28.905-10.722L28.905-9.433L29.982-9.433L29.982-9.153L28.905-9.153L28.905-7.269Q28.905-6.993 29.009-6.794Q29.113-6.596 29.373-6.596Q29.530-6.596 29.636-6.700Q29.742-6.805 29.792-6.958Q29.841-7.112 29.841-7.269L29.841-7.683L30.108-7.683L30.108-7.256Q30.108-7.030 30.009-6.820Q29.910-6.610 29.725-6.478Q29.541-6.347 29.312-6.347Q28.874-6.347 28.599-6.584Q28.324-6.822 28.324-7.256M30.976-7.143Q30.976-7.475 31.200-7.702Q31.424-7.929 31.767-8.057Q32.111-8.186 32.484-8.238Q32.856-8.291 33.160-8.291L33.160-8.544Q33.160-8.749 33.053-8.929Q32.945-9.108 32.764-9.211Q32.583-9.313 32.374-9.313Q31.967-9.313 31.732-9.221Q31.820-9.184 31.867-9.100Q31.913-9.016 31.913-8.914Q31.913-8.818 31.867-8.739Q31.820-8.661 31.740-8.616Q31.660-8.572 31.571-8.572Q31.421-8.572 31.320-8.669Q31.219-8.767 31.219-8.914Q31.219-9.536 32.374-9.536Q32.586-9.536 32.836-9.472Q33.085-9.409 33.287-9.290Q33.488-9.170 33.615-8.985Q33.741-8.801 33.741-8.558L33.741-6.982Q33.741-6.866 33.803-6.770Q33.864-6.675 33.977-6.675Q34.087-6.675 34.151-6.769Q34.216-6.863 34.216-6.982L34.216-7.430L34.483-7.430L34.483-6.982Q34.483-6.712 34.256-6.547Q34.028-6.381 33.748-6.381Q33.540-6.381 33.403-6.535Q33.266-6.688 33.242-6.904Q33.095-6.637 32.813-6.492Q32.531-6.347 32.207-6.347Q31.930-6.347 31.646-6.422Q31.362-6.497 31.169-6.676Q30.976-6.856 30.976-7.143M31.591-7.143Q31.591-6.969 31.692-6.839Q31.793-6.709 31.949-6.639Q32.104-6.569 32.268-6.569Q32.487-6.569 32.695-6.666Q32.904-6.764 33.032-6.945Q33.160-7.126 33.160-7.352L33.160-8.080Q32.836-8.080 32.470-7.989Q32.104-7.898 31.848-7.686Q31.591-7.475 31.591-7.143M36.650-6.415L34.914-6.415L34.914-6.695Q35.143-6.695 35.291-6.729Q35.440-6.764 35.440-6.904L35.440-8.753Q35.440-9.023 35.332-9.084Q35.225-9.146 34.914-9.146L34.914-9.426L35.943-9.501L35.943-8.794Q36.072-9.102 36.315-9.301Q36.558-9.501 36.876-9.501Q37.094-9.501 37.265-9.377Q37.436-9.252 37.436-9.040Q37.436-8.903 37.337-8.804Q37.238-8.705 37.105-8.705Q36.968-8.705 36.869-8.804Q36.770-8.903 36.770-9.040Q36.770-9.180 36.869-9.279Q36.578-9.279 36.378-9.083Q36.178-8.886 36.086-8.592Q35.994-8.298 35.994-8.018L35.994-6.904Q35.994-6.695 36.650-6.695L36.650-6.415M38.021-6.422L38.021-7.485Q38.021-7.509 38.048-7.536Q38.075-7.563 38.099-7.563L38.209-7.563Q38.274-7.563 38.287-7.505Q38.383-7.071 38.629-6.820Q38.875-6.569 39.289-6.569Q39.630-6.569 39.883-6.702Q40.136-6.835 40.136-7.143Q40.136-7.300 40.042-7.415Q39.948-7.529 39.810-7.598Q39.672-7.666 39.504-7.704L38.923-7.803Q38.568-7.871 38.294-8.092Q38.021-8.312 38.021-8.654Q38.021-8.903 38.132-9.078Q38.243-9.252 38.429-9.351Q38.615-9.450 38.831-9.493Q39.046-9.536 39.289-9.536Q39.702-9.536 39.983-9.354L40.198-9.529Q40.208-9.532 40.215-9.534Q40.222-9.536 40.232-9.536L40.283-9.536Q40.311-9.536 40.335-9.512Q40.359-9.488 40.359-9.460L40.359-8.613Q40.359-8.592 40.335-8.565Q40.311-8.538 40.283-8.538L40.171-8.538Q40.143-8.538 40.118-8.563Q40.092-8.589 40.092-8.613Q40.092-8.849 39.986-9.013Q39.880-9.177 39.697-9.259Q39.514-9.341 39.282-9.341Q38.954-9.341 38.697-9.238Q38.441-9.136 38.441-8.859Q38.441-8.664 38.624-8.555Q38.807-8.445 39.036-8.404L39.610-8.298Q39.856-8.250 40.070-8.122Q40.283-7.994 40.420-7.791Q40.557-7.587 40.557-7.338Q40.557-6.825 40.191-6.586Q39.825-6.347 39.289-6.347Q38.793-6.347 38.462-6.641L38.195-6.367Q38.174-6.347 38.147-6.347L38.099-6.347Q38.075-6.347 38.048-6.374Q38.021-6.401 38.021-6.422\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" style=\"stroke-width:.8\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M46.963-14.951h31.544\"\u002F>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"m81.107-14.951-4.16-2.08 1.56 2.08-1.56 2.08\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(67.18 -12.269)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-12.474-7.926Q-12.474-8.254-12.339-8.555Q-12.204-8.855-11.968-9.076Q-11.732-9.296-11.428-9.416Q-11.123-9.536-10.799-9.536Q-10.293-9.536-9.944-9.433Q-9.596-9.331-9.596-8.955Q-9.596-8.808-9.693-8.707Q-9.790-8.606-9.937-8.606Q-10.091-8.606-10.190-8.705Q-10.289-8.804-10.289-8.955Q-10.289-9.143-10.149-9.235Q-10.351-9.286-10.792-9.286Q-11.147-9.286-11.376-9.090Q-11.605-8.893-11.706-8.584Q-11.807-8.274-11.807-7.926Q-11.807-7.577-11.681-7.271Q-11.554-6.965-11.299-6.781Q-11.045-6.596-10.689-6.596Q-10.467-6.596-10.283-6.680Q-10.098-6.764-9.963-6.919Q-9.828-7.075-9.770-7.283Q-9.756-7.338-9.702-7.338L-9.589-7.338Q-9.558-7.338-9.536-7.314Q-9.514-7.290-9.514-7.256L-9.514-7.235Q-9.599-6.948-9.787-6.750Q-9.975-6.552-10.240-6.449Q-10.505-6.347-10.799-6.347Q-11.229-6.347-11.617-6.553Q-12.005-6.760-12.239-7.123Q-12.474-7.485-12.474-7.926M-8.967-7.898Q-8.967-8.240-8.832-8.539Q-8.697-8.838-8.457-9.062Q-8.218-9.286-7.900-9.411Q-7.582-9.536-7.251-9.536Q-6.807-9.536-6.407-9.320Q-6.007-9.105-5.773-8.727Q-5.538-8.350-5.538-7.898Q-5.538-7.557-5.680-7.273Q-5.822-6.989-6.067-6.782Q-6.311-6.576-6.620-6.461Q-6.930-6.347-7.251-6.347Q-7.682-6.347-8.083-6.548Q-8.485-6.750-8.726-7.102Q-8.967-7.454-8.967-7.898M-7.251-6.596Q-6.649-6.596-6.425-6.974Q-6.202-7.352-6.202-7.984Q-6.202-8.596-6.436-8.955Q-6.670-9.313-7.251-9.313Q-8.304-9.313-8.304-7.984Q-8.304-7.352-8.078-6.974Q-7.852-6.596-7.251-6.596M-4.370-7.249L-4.370-8.753Q-4.370-9.023-4.477-9.084Q-4.585-9.146-4.896-9.146L-4.896-9.426L-3.788-9.501L-3.788-7.269L-3.788-7.249Q-3.788-6.969-3.737-6.825Q-3.686-6.682-3.544-6.625Q-3.402-6.569-3.115-6.569Q-2.862-6.569-2.657-6.709Q-2.452-6.849-2.336-7.075Q-2.220-7.300-2.220-7.550L-2.220-8.753Q-2.220-9.023-2.327-9.084Q-2.435-9.146-2.746-9.146L-2.746-9.426L-1.639-9.501L-1.639-7.088Q-1.639-6.897-1.586-6.815Q-1.533-6.733-1.432-6.714Q-1.331-6.695-1.116-6.695L-1.116-6.415L-2.192-6.347L-2.192-6.911Q-2.302-6.729-2.447-6.606Q-2.592-6.483-2.778-6.415Q-2.965-6.347-3.166-6.347Q-4.370-6.347-4.370-7.249M1.154-6.415L-0.480-6.415L-0.480-6.695Q-0.251-6.695-0.102-6.729Q0.046-6.764 0.046-6.904L0.046-8.753Q0.046-9.023-0.061-9.084Q-0.169-9.146-0.480-9.146L-0.480-9.426L0.580-9.501L0.580-8.852Q0.751-9.160 1.055-9.331Q1.359-9.501 1.704-9.501Q2.210-9.501 2.494-9.278Q2.777-9.054 2.777-8.558L2.777-6.904Q2.777-6.767 2.926-6.731Q3.075-6.695 3.300-6.695L3.300-6.415L1.670-6.415L1.670-6.695Q1.899-6.695 2.048-6.729Q2.196-6.764 2.196-6.904L2.196-8.544Q2.196-8.879 2.077-9.079Q1.957-9.279 1.643-9.279Q1.373-9.279 1.139-9.143Q0.904-9.006 0.766-8.772Q0.628-8.538 0.628-8.264L0.628-6.904Q0.628-6.767 0.778-6.731Q0.928-6.695 1.154-6.695\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(67.18 -12.269)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M4.213-7.256L4.213-9.153L3.574-9.153L3.574-9.375Q3.892-9.375 4.109-9.585Q4.326-9.795 4.426-10.105Q4.527-10.414 4.527-10.722L4.794-10.722L4.794-9.433L5.871-9.433L5.871-9.153L4.794-9.153L4.794-7.269Q4.794-6.993 4.898-6.794Q5.002-6.596 5.262-6.596Q5.419-6.596 5.525-6.700Q5.631-6.805 5.681-6.958Q5.730-7.112 5.730-7.269L5.730-7.683L5.997-7.683L5.997-7.256Q5.997-7.030 5.898-6.820Q5.799-6.610 5.614-6.478Q5.430-6.347 5.201-6.347Q4.763-6.347 4.488-6.584Q4.213-6.822 4.213-7.256\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M101.024 19.192v-60.596\"\u002F>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"m101.024-43.404-1.6 3.2 1.6-1.2 1.6 1.2\"\u002F>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(99.485 -42.272)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-10.262-6.415L-12.395-6.415L-12.395-6.695Q-11.674-6.695-11.674-6.904L-11.674-10.705Q-11.674-10.916-12.395-10.916L-12.395-11.197L-9.729-11.197Q-9.319-11.197-8.898-11.043Q-8.478-10.889-8.194-10.585Q-7.911-10.281-7.911-9.867Q-7.911-9.549-8.078-9.303Q-8.246-9.057-8.522-8.891Q-8.799-8.726-9.121-8.642Q-9.442-8.558-9.729-8.558L-10.983-8.558L-10.983-6.904Q-10.983-6.695-10.262-6.695L-10.262-6.415M-11.011-10.705L-11.011-8.808L-9.924-8.808Q-9.315-8.808-9.001-9.045Q-8.686-9.283-8.686-9.867Q-8.686-10.260-8.832-10.494Q-8.977-10.728-9.249-10.822Q-9.520-10.916-9.924-10.916L-10.645-10.916Q-10.833-10.916-10.922-10.882Q-11.011-10.848-11.011-10.705M-4.975-4.665Q-5.525-5.065-5.896-5.620Q-6.267-6.176-6.448-6.822Q-6.629-7.468-6.629-8.165Q-6.629-8.678-6.528-9.173Q-6.427-9.669-6.222-10.120Q-6.017-10.571-5.704-10.963Q-5.392-11.354-4.975-11.658Q-4.964-11.662-4.957-11.663Q-4.951-11.665-4.940-11.665L-4.872-11.665Q-4.838-11.665-4.816-11.641Q-4.793-11.617-4.793-11.580Q-4.793-11.535-4.821-11.518Q-5.169-11.217-5.422-10.833Q-5.675-10.448-5.827-10.007Q-5.979-9.566-6.051-9.110Q-6.123-8.654-6.123-8.165Q-6.123-7.164-5.814-6.277Q-5.504-5.390-4.821-4.805Q-4.793-4.788-4.793-4.744Q-4.793-4.706-4.816-4.682Q-4.838-4.658-4.872-4.658L-4.940-4.658Q-4.947-4.662-4.956-4.663Q-4.964-4.665-4.975-4.665M-2.596-6.442L-3.577-8.941Q-3.638-9.084-3.756-9.119Q-3.874-9.153-4.089-9.153L-4.089-9.433L-2.609-9.433L-2.609-9.153Q-2.989-9.153-2.989-8.992Q-2.989-8.982-2.975-8.941L-2.261-7.109L-1.587-8.814Q-1.618-8.886-1.618-8.914Q-1.618-8.941-1.645-8.941Q-1.707-9.088-1.825-9.120Q-1.943-9.153-2.155-9.153L-2.155-9.433L-0.757-9.433L-0.757-9.153Q-1.133-9.153-1.133-8.992Q-1.133-8.961-1.126-8.941L-0.371-7.003L0.316-8.753Q0.337-8.804 0.337-8.859Q0.337-8.999 0.224-9.076Q0.111-9.153-0.029-9.153L-0.029-9.433L1.191-9.433L1.191-9.153Q0.986-9.153 0.831-9.047Q0.675-8.941 0.604-8.753L-0.302-6.442Q-0.336-6.347-0.449-6.347L-0.517-6.347Q-0.627-6.347-0.664-6.442L-1.447-8.445L-2.233-6.442Q-2.267-6.347-2.380-6.347L-2.449-6.347Q-2.558-6.347-2.596-6.442\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(99.485 -42.272)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M5.130-4.826L5.130-11.504Q5.154-11.665 5.304-11.665Q5.448-11.665 5.472-11.504L5.472-4.826Q5.448-4.665 5.304-4.665Q5.154-4.665 5.130-4.826\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(99.485 -42.272)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M9.499-7.926Q9.499-8.254 9.634-8.555Q9.769-8.855 10.005-9.076Q10.241-9.296 10.545-9.416Q10.850-9.536 11.174-9.536Q11.680-9.536 12.029-9.433Q12.377-9.331 12.377-8.955Q12.377-8.808 12.280-8.707Q12.183-8.606 12.036-8.606Q11.882-8.606 11.783-8.705Q11.684-8.804 11.684-8.955Q11.684-9.143 11.824-9.235Q11.622-9.286 11.181-9.286Q10.826-9.286 10.597-9.090Q10.368-8.893 10.267-8.584Q10.166-8.274 10.166-7.926Q10.166-7.577 10.292-7.271Q10.419-6.965 10.674-6.781Q10.928-6.596 11.284-6.596Q11.506-6.596 11.690-6.680Q11.875-6.764 12.010-6.919Q12.145-7.075 12.203-7.283Q12.217-7.338 12.271-7.338L12.384-7.338Q12.415-7.338 12.437-7.314Q12.459-7.290 12.459-7.256L12.459-7.235Q12.374-6.948 12.186-6.750Q11.998-6.552 11.733-6.449Q11.468-6.347 11.174-6.347Q10.744-6.347 10.356-6.553Q9.968-6.760 9.734-7.123Q9.499-7.485 9.499-7.926M13.369-4.658L13.300-4.658Q13.266-4.658 13.244-4.684Q13.222-4.709 13.222-4.744Q13.222-4.788 13.252-4.805Q13.608-5.109 13.857-5.499Q14.107-5.889 14.259-6.321Q14.411-6.753 14.481-7.222Q14.551-7.690 14.551-8.165Q14.551-8.644 14.481-9.110Q14.411-9.577 14.257-10.012Q14.103-10.448 13.852-10.836Q13.601-11.224 13.252-11.518Q13.222-11.535 13.222-11.580Q13.222-11.614 13.244-11.639Q13.266-11.665 13.300-11.665L13.369-11.665Q13.379-11.665 13.387-11.663Q13.396-11.662 13.406-11.658Q13.950-11.258 14.322-10.705Q14.695-10.151 14.876-9.505Q15.057-8.859 15.057-8.165Q15.057-7.464 14.876-6.817Q14.695-6.169 14.320-5.615Q13.946-5.061 13.406-4.665Q13.396-4.665 13.387-4.663Q13.379-4.662 13.369-4.658\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M101.024 19.192h128.882\"\u002F>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"m231.906 19.192-3.2-1.6 1.2 1.6-1.2 1.6\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(248.227 27.76)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-12.474-6.422L-12.474-7.485Q-12.474-7.509-12.446-7.536Q-12.419-7.563-12.395-7.563L-12.286-7.563Q-12.221-7.563-12.207-7.505Q-12.111-7.071-11.865-6.820Q-11.619-6.569-11.205-6.569Q-10.864-6.569-10.611-6.702Q-10.358-6.835-10.358-7.143Q-10.358-7.300-10.452-7.415Q-10.546-7.529-10.684-7.598Q-10.823-7.666-10.990-7.704L-11.571-7.803Q-11.927-7.871-12.200-8.092Q-12.474-8.312-12.474-8.654Q-12.474-8.903-12.362-9.078Q-12.251-9.252-12.065-9.351Q-11.879-9.450-11.663-9.493Q-11.448-9.536-11.205-9.536Q-10.792-9.536-10.512-9.354L-10.296-9.529Q-10.286-9.532-10.279-9.534Q-10.272-9.536-10.262-9.536L-10.211-9.536Q-10.184-9.536-10.160-9.512Q-10.136-9.488-10.136-9.460L-10.136-8.613Q-10.136-8.592-10.160-8.565Q-10.184-8.538-10.211-8.538L-10.324-8.538Q-10.351-8.538-10.377-8.563Q-10.402-8.589-10.402-8.613Q-10.402-8.849-10.508-9.013Q-10.614-9.177-10.797-9.259Q-10.980-9.341-11.212-9.341Q-11.540-9.341-11.797-9.238Q-12.053-9.136-12.053-8.859Q-12.053-8.664-11.870-8.555Q-11.687-8.445-11.458-8.404L-10.884-8.298Q-10.638-8.250-10.424-8.122Q-10.211-7.994-10.074-7.791Q-9.937-7.587-9.937-7.338Q-9.937-6.825-10.303-6.586Q-10.669-6.347-11.205-6.347Q-11.701-6.347-12.033-6.641L-12.299-6.367Q-12.320-6.347-12.347-6.347L-12.395-6.347Q-12.419-6.347-12.446-6.374Q-12.474-6.401-12.474-6.422M-8.782-7.256L-8.782-9.153L-9.421-9.153L-9.421-9.375Q-9.103-9.375-8.886-9.585Q-8.669-9.795-8.569-10.105Q-8.468-10.414-8.468-10.722L-8.201-10.722L-8.201-9.433L-7.124-9.433L-7.124-9.153L-8.201-9.153L-8.201-7.269Q-8.201-6.993-8.097-6.794Q-7.993-6.596-7.733-6.596Q-7.576-6.596-7.470-6.700Q-7.364-6.805-7.314-6.958Q-7.265-7.112-7.265-7.269L-7.265-7.683L-6.998-7.683L-6.998-7.256Q-6.998-7.030-7.097-6.820Q-7.196-6.610-7.381-6.478Q-7.565-6.347-7.794-6.347Q-8.232-6.347-8.507-6.584Q-8.782-6.822-8.782-7.256M-6.130-7.143Q-6.130-7.475-5.906-7.702Q-5.682-7.929-5.339-8.057Q-4.995-8.186-4.622-8.238Q-4.250-8.291-3.946-8.291L-3.946-8.544Q-3.946-8.749-4.053-8.929Q-4.161-9.108-4.342-9.211Q-4.523-9.313-4.732-9.313Q-5.139-9.313-5.374-9.221Q-5.286-9.184-5.239-9.100Q-5.193-9.016-5.193-8.914Q-5.193-8.818-5.239-8.739Q-5.286-8.661-5.366-8.616Q-5.446-8.572-5.535-8.572Q-5.685-8.572-5.786-8.669Q-5.887-8.767-5.887-8.914Q-5.887-9.536-4.732-9.536Q-4.520-9.536-4.270-9.472Q-4.021-9.409-3.819-9.290Q-3.618-9.170-3.491-8.985Q-3.365-8.801-3.365-8.558L-3.365-6.982Q-3.365-6.866-3.303-6.770Q-3.242-6.675-3.129-6.675Q-3.019-6.675-2.955-6.769Q-2.890-6.863-2.890-6.982L-2.890-7.430L-2.623-7.430L-2.623-6.982Q-2.623-6.712-2.850-6.547Q-3.078-6.381-3.358-6.381Q-3.566-6.381-3.703-6.535Q-3.840-6.688-3.864-6.904Q-4.011-6.637-4.293-6.492Q-4.575-6.347-4.899-6.347Q-5.176-6.347-5.460-6.422Q-5.744-6.497-5.937-6.676Q-6.130-6.856-6.130-7.143M-5.515-7.143Q-5.515-6.969-5.414-6.839Q-5.313-6.709-5.157-6.639Q-5.002-6.569-4.838-6.569Q-4.619-6.569-4.411-6.666Q-4.202-6.764-4.074-6.945Q-3.946-7.126-3.946-7.352L-3.946-8.080Q-4.270-8.080-4.636-7.989Q-5.002-7.898-5.258-7.686Q-5.515-7.475-5.515-7.143M-0.456-6.415L-2.192-6.415L-2.192-6.695Q-1.963-6.695-1.815-6.729Q-1.666-6.764-1.666-6.904L-1.666-8.753Q-1.666-9.023-1.774-9.084Q-1.881-9.146-2.192-9.146L-2.192-9.426L-1.163-9.501L-1.163-8.794Q-1.034-9.102-0.791-9.301Q-0.548-9.501-0.230-9.501Q-0.012-9.501 0.159-9.377Q0.330-9.252 0.330-9.040Q0.330-8.903 0.231-8.804Q0.132-8.705-0.001-8.705Q-0.138-8.705-0.237-8.804Q-0.336-8.903-0.336-9.040Q-0.336-9.180-0.237-9.279Q-0.528-9.279-0.728-9.083Q-0.928-8.886-1.020-8.592Q-1.112-8.298-1.112-8.018L-1.112-6.904Q-1.112-6.695-0.456-6.695L-0.456-6.415M0.915-6.422L0.915-7.485Q0.915-7.509 0.942-7.536Q0.969-7.563 0.993-7.563L1.103-7.563Q1.168-7.563 1.181-7.505Q1.277-7.071 1.523-6.820Q1.769-6.569 2.183-6.569Q2.524-6.569 2.777-6.702Q3.030-6.835 3.030-7.143Q3.030-7.300 2.936-7.415Q2.842-7.529 2.704-7.598Q2.566-7.666 2.398-7.704L1.817-7.803Q1.462-7.871 1.188-8.092Q0.915-8.312 0.915-8.654Q0.915-8.903 1.026-9.078Q1.137-9.252 1.323-9.351Q1.509-9.450 1.725-9.493Q1.940-9.536 2.183-9.536Q2.596-9.536 2.877-9.354L3.092-9.529Q3.102-9.532 3.109-9.534Q3.116-9.536 3.126-9.536L3.177-9.536Q3.205-9.536 3.229-9.512Q3.253-9.488 3.253-9.460L3.253-8.613Q3.253-8.592 3.229-8.565Q3.205-8.538 3.177-8.538L3.065-8.538Q3.037-8.538 3.012-8.563Q2.986-8.589 2.986-8.613Q2.986-8.849 2.880-9.013Q2.774-9.177 2.591-9.259Q2.408-9.341 2.176-9.341Q1.848-9.341 1.591-9.238Q1.335-9.136 1.335-8.859Q1.335-8.664 1.518-8.555Q1.701-8.445 1.930-8.404L2.504-8.298Q2.750-8.250 2.964-8.122Q3.177-7.994 3.314-7.791Q3.451-7.587 3.451-7.338Q3.451-6.825 3.085-6.586Q2.719-6.347 2.183-6.347Q1.687-6.347 1.356-6.641L1.089-6.367Q1.068-6.347 1.041-6.347L0.993-6.347Q0.969-6.347 0.942-6.374Q0.915-6.401 0.915-6.422\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-soft-warn)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M118.095 19.192v-48.37h11.381v48.37Zm11.381-48.37\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" d=\"M118.095 19.192v-48.37h11.381v48.37Zm11.381-48.37\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(134.58 34.22)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-9.462-6.415L-11.992-6.415L-11.992-6.695Q-11.024-6.695-11.024-6.904L-11.024-10.523Q-11.417-10.335-12.039-10.335L-12.039-10.616Q-11.622-10.616-11.258-10.717Q-10.894-10.817-10.638-11.063L-10.512-11.063Q-10.447-11.046-10.430-10.978L-10.430-6.904Q-10.430-6.695-9.462-6.695\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-soft-warn)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M140.858 19.192v-39.834h11.38v39.834Zm11.38-39.834\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" d=\"M140.858 19.192v-39.834h11.38v39.834Zm11.38-39.834\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(157.343 34.22)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-9.462-6.415L-12.347-6.415L-12.347-6.617Q-12.347-6.647-12.320-6.675L-11.072-7.892Q-11-7.967-10.958-8.009Q-10.915-8.052-10.836-8.131Q-10.423-8.544-10.192-8.902Q-9.961-9.259-9.961-9.683Q-9.961-9.915-10.040-10.118Q-10.119-10.322-10.260-10.472Q-10.402-10.623-10.597-10.703Q-10.792-10.783-11.024-10.783Q-11.335-10.783-11.593-10.624Q-11.851-10.465-11.981-10.188L-11.961-10.188Q-11.793-10.188-11.686-10.077Q-11.578-9.966-11.578-9.802Q-11.578-9.645-11.687-9.532Q-11.797-9.419-11.961-9.419Q-12.121-9.419-12.234-9.532Q-12.347-9.645-12.347-9.802Q-12.347-10.178-12.139-10.465Q-11.930-10.752-11.595-10.908Q-11.260-11.063-10.905-11.063Q-10.481-11.063-10.101-10.905Q-9.722-10.746-9.488-10.429Q-9.254-10.113-9.254-9.683Q-9.254-9.372-9.394-9.103Q-9.534-8.835-9.739-8.630Q-9.944-8.425-10.307-8.143Q-10.669-7.861-10.778-7.765L-11.633-7.037L-10.990-7.037Q-10.727-7.037-10.438-7.039Q-10.149-7.040-9.931-7.049Q-9.712-7.058-9.695-7.075Q-9.633-7.140-9.596-7.307Q-9.558-7.475-9.520-7.717L-9.254-7.717\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-soft-warn)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M163.62 19.192V-6.415H175v25.607ZM175-6.415\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" d=\"M163.62 19.192V-6.415H175v25.607ZM175-6.415\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(180.105 34.22)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-11.992-6.962Q-11.872-6.805-11.681-6.706Q-11.489-6.606-11.274-6.567Q-11.059-6.528-10.836-6.528Q-10.539-6.528-10.344-6.683Q-10.149-6.839-10.059-7.093Q-9.968-7.348-9.968-7.632Q-9.968-7.926-10.060-8.177Q-10.153-8.428-10.351-8.584Q-10.549-8.739-10.843-8.739L-11.359-8.739Q-11.387-8.739-11.412-8.765Q-11.438-8.790-11.438-8.814L-11.438-8.886Q-11.438-8.917-11.412-8.939Q-11.387-8.961-11.359-8.961L-10.918-8.992Q-10.556-8.992-10.336-9.349Q-10.115-9.707-10.115-10.096Q-10.115-10.424-10.310-10.628Q-10.505-10.831-10.836-10.831Q-11.123-10.831-11.376-10.747Q-11.629-10.664-11.793-10.476Q-11.646-10.476-11.546-10.361Q-11.445-10.247-11.445-10.096Q-11.445-9.946-11.551-9.836Q-11.657-9.727-11.814-9.727Q-11.975-9.727-12.084-9.836Q-12.193-9.946-12.193-10.096Q-12.193-10.421-11.985-10.640Q-11.776-10.858-11.460-10.961Q-11.144-11.063-10.836-11.063Q-10.518-11.063-10.190-10.959Q-9.862-10.855-9.635-10.633Q-9.408-10.411-9.408-10.096Q-9.408-9.662-9.695-9.337Q-9.982-9.013-10.416-8.866Q-10.105-8.801-9.825-8.635Q-9.544-8.469-9.367-8.211Q-9.189-7.953-9.189-7.632Q-9.189-7.222-9.433-6.912Q-9.678-6.603-10.059-6.439Q-10.440-6.275-10.836-6.275Q-11.205-6.275-11.563-6.388Q-11.920-6.500-12.164-6.750Q-12.409-6.999-12.409-7.369Q-12.409-7.540-12.292-7.652Q-12.176-7.765-12.005-7.765Q-11.896-7.765-11.805-7.714Q-11.715-7.663-11.660-7.570Q-11.605-7.478-11.605-7.369Q-11.605-7.201-11.718-7.082Q-11.831-6.962-11.992-6.962\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-soft-warn)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M186.382 19.192V4.966h11.381v14.226Zm11.381-14.226\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" d=\"M186.382 19.192V4.966h11.381v14.226Zm11.381-14.226\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(202.867 34.22)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-10.471-7.563L-12.515-7.563L-12.515-7.844L-10.184-11.016Q-10.149-11.063-10.084-11.063L-9.948-11.063Q-9.903-11.063-9.876-11.036Q-9.849-11.009-9.849-10.964L-9.849-7.844L-9.086-7.844L-9.086-7.563L-9.849-7.563L-9.849-6.904Q-9.849-6.695-9.093-6.695L-9.093-6.415L-11.226-6.415L-11.226-6.695Q-10.471-6.695-10.471-6.904L-10.471-7.563M-10.423-10.288L-12.214-7.844L-10.423-7.844\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-soft-warn)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M209.144 19.192v-8.536h11.381v8.536Zm11.381-8.536\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" d=\"M209.144 19.192v-8.536h11.381v8.536Zm11.381-8.536\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(225.63 34.22)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-11.981-7.177L-12.012-7.177Q-11.875-6.880-11.578-6.704Q-11.281-6.528-10.953-6.528Q-10.590-6.528-10.363-6.706Q-10.136-6.883-10.042-7.172Q-9.948-7.461-9.948-7.823Q-9.948-8.138-10.002-8.423Q-10.057-8.708-10.230-8.914Q-10.402-9.119-10.717-9.119Q-10.990-9.119-11.173-9.052Q-11.356-8.985-11.460-8.896Q-11.564-8.808-11.660-8.698Q-11.756-8.589-11.800-8.579L-11.879-8.579Q-11.951-8.596-11.968-8.667L-11.968-10.985Q-11.968-11.019-11.944-11.041Q-11.920-11.063-11.886-11.063L-11.858-11.063Q-11.571-10.947-11.303-10.893Q-11.035-10.838-10.758-10.838Q-10.481-10.838-10.211-10.893Q-9.941-10.947-9.661-11.063L-9.637-11.063Q-9.602-11.063-9.579-11.040Q-9.555-11.016-9.555-10.985L-9.555-10.916Q-9.555-10.889-9.575-10.869Q-9.849-10.554-10.233-10.378Q-10.618-10.202-11.031-10.202Q-11.370-10.202-11.687-10.288L-11.687-9.006Q-11.291-9.341-10.717-9.341Q-10.313-9.341-9.977-9.131Q-9.640-8.920-9.447-8.568Q-9.254-8.216-9.254-7.816Q-9.254-7.485-9.394-7.199Q-9.534-6.914-9.778-6.704Q-10.023-6.494-10.325-6.384Q-10.628-6.275-10.946-6.275Q-11.305-6.275-11.631-6.439Q-11.957-6.603-12.152-6.895Q-12.347-7.187-12.347-7.550Q-12.347-7.700-12.241-7.806Q-12.135-7.912-11.981-7.912Q-11.828-7.912-11.723-7.808Q-11.619-7.704-11.619-7.550Q-11.619-7.393-11.723-7.285Q-11.828-7.177-11.981-7.177\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\">\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(147.153 -33.347)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-12.474-7.926Q-12.474-8.264-12.333-8.555Q-12.193-8.845-11.949-9.059Q-11.705-9.272-11.400-9.387Q-11.096-9.501-10.771-9.501Q-10.501-9.501-10.238-9.402Q-9.975-9.303-9.784-9.125L-9.784-10.523Q-9.784-10.793-9.891-10.855Q-9.999-10.916-10.310-10.916L-10.310-11.197L-9.233-11.272L-9.233-7.088Q-9.233-6.900-9.179-6.817Q-9.124-6.733-9.023-6.714Q-8.922-6.695-8.707-6.695L-8.707-6.415L-9.814-6.347L-9.814-6.764Q-10.231-6.347-10.857-6.347Q-11.288-6.347-11.660-6.559Q-12.033-6.770-12.253-7.131Q-12.474-7.492-12.474-7.926M-10.799-6.569Q-10.590-6.569-10.404-6.641Q-10.218-6.712-10.064-6.849Q-9.910-6.986-9.814-7.164L-9.814-8.773Q-9.900-8.920-10.045-9.040Q-10.190-9.160-10.360-9.219Q-10.529-9.279-10.710-9.279Q-11.270-9.279-11.539-8.890Q-11.807-8.500-11.807-7.919Q-11.807-7.348-11.573-6.958Q-11.339-6.569-10.799-6.569M-6.441-6.415L-7.993-6.415L-7.993-6.695Q-7.767-6.695-7.618-6.729Q-7.470-6.764-7.470-6.904L-7.470-8.753Q-7.470-8.941-7.517-9.025Q-7.565-9.108-7.663-9.127Q-7.760-9.146-7.972-9.146L-7.972-9.426L-6.916-9.501L-6.916-6.904Q-6.916-6.764-6.784-6.729Q-6.653-6.695-6.441-6.695L-6.441-6.415M-7.712-10.722Q-7.712-10.893-7.589-11.012Q-7.466-11.132-7.295-11.132Q-7.128-11.132-7.005-11.012Q-6.882-10.893-6.882-10.722Q-6.882-10.547-7.005-10.424Q-7.128-10.301-7.295-10.301Q-7.466-10.301-7.589-10.424Q-7.712-10.547-7.712-10.722M-5.795-6.422L-5.795-7.485Q-5.795-7.509-5.767-7.536Q-5.740-7.563-5.716-7.563L-5.607-7.563Q-5.542-7.563-5.528-7.505Q-5.433-7.071-5.186-6.820Q-4.940-6.569-4.527-6.569Q-4.185-6.569-3.932-6.702Q-3.679-6.835-3.679-7.143Q-3.679-7.300-3.773-7.415Q-3.867-7.529-4.006-7.598Q-4.144-7.666-4.311-7.704L-4.892-7.803Q-5.248-7.871-5.521-8.092Q-5.795-8.312-5.795-8.654Q-5.795-8.903-5.684-9.078Q-5.573-9.252-5.386-9.351Q-5.200-9.450-4.985-9.493Q-4.769-9.536-4.527-9.536Q-4.113-9.536-3.833-9.354L-3.618-9.529Q-3.607-9.532-3.601-9.534Q-3.594-9.536-3.583-9.536L-3.532-9.536Q-3.505-9.536-3.481-9.512Q-3.457-9.488-3.457-9.460L-3.457-8.613Q-3.457-8.592-3.481-8.565Q-3.505-8.538-3.532-8.538L-3.645-8.538Q-3.672-8.538-3.698-8.563Q-3.724-8.589-3.724-8.613Q-3.724-8.849-3.830-9.013Q-3.935-9.177-4.118-9.259Q-4.301-9.341-4.534-9.341Q-4.862-9.341-5.118-9.238Q-5.374-9.136-5.374-8.859Q-5.374-8.664-5.192-8.555Q-5.009-8.445-4.780-8.404L-4.205-8.298Q-3.959-8.250-3.746-8.122Q-3.532-7.994-3.395-7.791Q-3.259-7.587-3.259-7.338Q-3.259-6.825-3.624-6.586Q-3.990-6.347-4.527-6.347Q-5.022-6.347-5.354-6.641L-5.621-6.367Q-5.641-6.347-5.668-6.347L-5.716-6.347Q-5.740-6.347-5.767-6.374Q-5.795-6.401-5.795-6.422M-2.572-7.143Q-2.572-7.475-2.348-7.702Q-2.124-7.929-1.780-8.057Q-1.437-8.186-1.064-8.238Q-0.692-8.291-0.388-8.291L-0.388-8.544Q-0.388-8.749-0.495-8.929Q-0.603-9.108-0.784-9.211Q-0.965-9.313-1.174-9.313Q-1.580-9.313-1.816-9.221Q-1.727-9.184-1.681-9.100Q-1.635-9.016-1.635-8.914Q-1.635-8.818-1.681-8.739Q-1.727-8.661-1.808-8.616Q-1.888-8.572-1.977-8.572Q-2.127-8.572-2.228-8.669Q-2.329-8.767-2.329-8.914Q-2.329-9.536-1.174-9.536Q-0.962-9.536-0.712-9.472Q-0.463-9.409-0.261-9.290Q-0.059-9.170 0.067-8.985Q0.193-8.801 0.193-8.558L0.193-6.982Q0.193-6.866 0.255-6.770Q0.316-6.675 0.429-6.675Q0.539-6.675 0.604-6.769Q0.669-6.863 0.669-6.982L0.669-7.430L0.935-7.430L0.935-6.982Q0.935-6.712 0.708-6.547Q0.481-6.381 0.200-6.381Q-0.008-6.381-0.145-6.535Q-0.282-6.688-0.306-6.904Q-0.453-6.637-0.735-6.492Q-1.017-6.347-1.341-6.347Q-1.618-6.347-1.902-6.422Q-2.185-6.497-2.379-6.676Q-2.572-6.856-2.572-7.143M-1.956-7.143Q-1.956-6.969-1.856-6.839Q-1.755-6.709-1.599-6.639Q-1.444-6.569-1.280-6.569Q-1.061-6.569-0.852-6.666Q-0.644-6.764-0.516-6.945Q-0.388-7.126-0.388-7.352L-0.388-8.080Q-0.712-8.080-1.078-7.989Q-1.444-7.898-1.700-7.686Q-1.956-7.475-1.956-7.143M2.996-5.058L1.366-5.058L1.366-5.338Q1.595-5.338 1.743-5.373Q1.892-5.407 1.892-5.547L1.892-8.893Q1.892-9.064 1.755-9.105Q1.619-9.146 1.366-9.146L1.366-9.426L2.446-9.501L2.446-9.095Q2.668-9.296 2.955-9.399Q3.242-9.501 3.550-9.501Q3.977-9.501 4.341-9.288Q4.705-9.074 4.919-8.710Q5.132-8.346 5.132-7.926Q5.132-7.481 4.893-7.117Q4.654-6.753 4.261-6.550Q3.868-6.347 3.423-6.347Q3.157-6.347 2.909-6.447Q2.661-6.548 2.473-6.729L2.473-5.547Q2.473-5.410 2.622-5.374Q2.771-5.338 2.996-5.338L2.996-5.058M2.473-8.746L2.473-7.136Q2.607-6.883 2.849-6.726Q3.092-6.569 3.369-6.569Q3.697-6.569 3.950-6.770Q4.203-6.972 4.336-7.290Q4.469-7.608 4.469-7.926Q4.469-8.155 4.404-8.384Q4.339-8.613 4.211-8.811Q4.083-9.009 3.888-9.129Q3.693-9.248 3.461-9.248Q3.167-9.248 2.899-9.119Q2.630-8.989 2.473-8.746M7.412-5.058L5.782-5.058L5.782-5.338Q6.011-5.338 6.160-5.373Q6.308-5.407 6.308-5.547L6.308-8.893Q6.308-9.064 6.171-9.105Q6.035-9.146 5.782-9.146L5.782-9.426L6.862-9.501L6.862-9.095Q7.084-9.296 7.371-9.399Q7.658-9.501 7.966-9.501Q8.393-9.501 8.757-9.288Q9.121-9.074 9.335-8.710Q9.548-8.346 9.548-7.926Q9.548-7.481 9.309-7.117Q9.070-6.753 8.677-6.550Q8.284-6.347 7.839-6.347Q7.573-6.347 7.325-6.447Q7.077-6.548 6.889-6.729L6.889-5.547Q6.889-5.410 7.038-5.374Q7.187-5.338 7.412-5.338L7.412-5.058M6.889-8.746L6.889-7.136Q7.023-6.883 7.265-6.726Q7.508-6.569 7.785-6.569Q8.113-6.569 8.366-6.770Q8.619-6.972 8.752-7.290Q8.885-7.608 8.885-7.926Q8.885-8.155 8.820-8.384Q8.755-8.613 8.627-8.811Q8.499-9.009 8.304-9.129Q8.109-9.248 7.877-9.248Q7.583-9.248 7.315-9.119Q7.046-8.989 6.889-8.746\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(147.153 -33.347)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M10.369-7.898Q10.369-8.240 10.504-8.539Q10.639-8.838 10.879-9.062Q11.118-9.286 11.436-9.411Q11.754-9.536 12.085-9.536Q12.530-9.536 12.929-9.320Q13.329-9.105 13.564-8.727Q13.798-8.350 13.798-7.898Q13.798-7.557 13.656-7.273Q13.514-6.989 13.270-6.782Q13.025-6.576 12.716-6.461Q12.407-6.347 12.085-6.347Q11.655-6.347 11.253-6.548Q10.851-6.750 10.610-7.102Q10.369-7.454 10.369-7.898M12.085-6.596Q12.687-6.596 12.911-6.974Q13.135-7.352 13.135-7.984Q13.135-8.596 12.900-8.955Q12.666-9.313 12.085-9.313Q11.033-9.313 11.033-7.984Q11.033-7.352 11.258-6.974Q11.484-6.596 12.085-6.596M16.009-6.415L14.457-6.415L14.457-6.695Q14.683-6.695 14.832-6.729Q14.980-6.764 14.980-6.904L14.980-8.753Q14.980-8.941 14.932-9.025Q14.885-9.108 14.787-9.127Q14.690-9.146 14.478-9.146L14.478-9.426L15.534-9.501L15.534-6.904Q15.534-6.764 15.666-6.729Q15.797-6.695 16.009-6.695L16.009-6.415M14.738-10.722Q14.738-10.893 14.861-11.012Q14.984-11.132 15.155-11.132Q15.322-11.132 15.445-11.012Q15.568-10.893 15.568-10.722Q15.568-10.547 15.445-10.424Q15.322-10.301 15.155-10.301Q14.984-10.301 14.861-10.424Q14.738-10.547 14.738-10.722M18.337-6.415L16.703-6.415L16.703-6.695Q16.932-6.695 17.081-6.729Q17.229-6.764 17.229-6.904L17.229-8.753Q17.229-9.023 17.122-9.084Q17.014-9.146 16.703-9.146L16.703-9.426L17.763-9.501L17.763-8.852Q17.933-9.160 18.238-9.331Q18.542-9.501 18.887-9.501Q19.393-9.501 19.677-9.278Q19.960-9.054 19.960-8.558L19.960-6.904Q19.960-6.767 20.109-6.731Q20.258-6.695 20.483-6.695L20.483-6.415L18.853-6.415L18.853-6.695Q19.082-6.695 19.231-6.729Q19.379-6.764 19.379-6.904L19.379-8.544Q19.379-8.879 19.260-9.079Q19.140-9.279 18.825-9.279Q18.555-9.279 18.321-9.143Q18.087-9.006 17.949-8.772Q17.810-8.538 17.810-8.264L17.810-6.904Q17.810-6.767 17.961-6.731Q18.111-6.695 18.337-6.695\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(147.153 -33.347)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M21.388-7.256L21.388-9.153L20.749-9.153L20.749-9.375Q21.067-9.375 21.284-9.585Q21.501-9.795 21.601-10.105Q21.702-10.414 21.702-10.722L21.969-10.722L21.969-9.433L23.046-9.433L23.046-9.153L21.969-9.153L21.969-7.269Q21.969-6.993 22.073-6.794Q22.177-6.596 22.437-6.596Q22.594-6.596 22.700-6.700Q22.806-6.805 22.856-6.958Q22.905-7.112 22.905-7.269L22.905-7.683L23.172-7.683L23.172-7.256Q23.172-7.030 23.073-6.820Q22.974-6.610 22.789-6.478Q22.605-6.347 22.376-6.347Q21.938-6.347 21.663-6.584Q21.388-6.822 21.388-7.256M25.599-6.415L24.047-6.415L24.047-6.695Q24.273-6.695 24.421-6.729Q24.570-6.764 24.570-6.904L24.570-8.753Q24.570-8.941 24.522-9.025Q24.474-9.108 24.377-9.127Q24.279-9.146 24.068-9.146L24.068-9.426L25.124-9.501L25.124-6.904Q25.124-6.764 25.255-6.729Q25.387-6.695 25.599-6.695L25.599-6.415M24.327-10.722Q24.327-10.893 24.450-11.012Q24.573-11.132 24.744-11.132Q24.912-11.132 25.035-11.012Q25.158-10.893 25.158-10.722Q25.158-10.547 25.035-10.424Q24.912-10.301 24.744-10.301Q24.573-10.301 24.450-10.424Q24.327-10.547 24.327-10.722M27.926-6.415L26.293-6.415L26.293-6.695Q26.522-6.695 26.670-6.729Q26.819-6.764 26.819-6.904L26.819-8.753Q26.819-9.023 26.711-9.084Q26.604-9.146 26.293-9.146L26.293-9.426L27.352-9.501L27.352-8.852Q27.523-9.160 27.827-9.331Q28.131-9.501 28.477-9.501Q28.983-9.501 29.266-9.278Q29.550-9.054 29.550-8.558L29.550-6.904Q29.550-6.767 29.699-6.731Q29.847-6.695 30.073-6.695L30.073-6.415L28.443-6.415L28.443-6.695Q28.672-6.695 28.820-6.729Q28.969-6.764 28.969-6.904L28.969-8.544Q28.969-8.879 28.849-9.079Q28.730-9.279 28.415-9.279Q28.145-9.279 27.911-9.143Q27.677-9.006 27.538-8.772Q27.400-8.538 27.400-8.264L27.400-6.904Q27.400-6.767 27.550-6.731Q27.701-6.695 27.926-6.695L27.926-6.415M30.620-5.882Q30.620-6.128 30.816-6.312Q31.013-6.497 31.269-6.576Q31.132-6.688 31.061-6.849Q30.989-7.010 30.989-7.191Q30.989-7.512 31.201-7.758Q30.866-8.056 30.866-8.466Q30.866-8.927 31.255-9.214Q31.645-9.501 32.124-9.501Q32.595-9.501 32.930-9.255Q33.105-9.409 33.315-9.491Q33.525-9.573 33.754-9.573Q33.918-9.573 34.039-9.466Q34.161-9.358 34.161-9.194Q34.161-9.098 34.089-9.026Q34.017-8.955 33.925-8.955Q33.826-8.955 33.756-9.028Q33.686-9.102 33.686-9.201Q33.686-9.255 33.699-9.286L33.706-9.300Q33.713-9.320 33.722-9.331Q33.730-9.341 33.734-9.348Q33.378-9.348 33.091-9.125Q33.378-8.832 33.378-8.466Q33.378-8.151 33.193-7.919Q33.009-7.686 32.720-7.558Q32.431-7.430 32.124-7.430Q31.922-7.430 31.731-7.480Q31.539-7.529 31.361-7.639Q31.269-7.512 31.269-7.369Q31.269-7.187 31.397-7.052Q31.526-6.917 31.710-6.917L32.342-6.917Q32.790-6.917 33.159-6.846Q33.528-6.774 33.788-6.545Q34.048-6.316 34.048-5.882Q34.048-5.561 33.752-5.359Q33.457-5.157 33.053-5.068Q32.650-4.979 32.336-4.979Q32.018-4.979 31.614-5.068Q31.211-5.157 30.915-5.359Q30.620-5.561 30.620-5.882M31.074-5.882Q31.074-5.653 31.293-5.504Q31.512-5.355 31.804-5.287Q32.096-5.219 32.336-5.219Q32.500-5.219 32.708-5.255Q32.917-5.290 33.123-5.371Q33.330-5.451 33.462-5.579Q33.593-5.707 33.593-5.882Q33.593-6.234 33.212-6.328Q32.831-6.422 32.329-6.422L31.710-6.422Q31.471-6.422 31.273-6.271Q31.074-6.121 31.074-5.882M32.124-7.669Q32.790-7.669 32.790-8.466Q32.790-9.266 32.124-9.266Q31.454-9.266 31.454-8.466Q31.454-7.669 32.124-7.669\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fsvg>\u003Cfigcaption class=\"tikz-cap\">Supervised word sentiment from starred reviews. Counting how often each word appears at each star level gives, per word, a distribution over ratings — the whole polarity profile, not just a positive\u002Fnegative bit.\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>","\u003Csvg style=\"width:100%;max-width:283.783px;height:auto\" xmlns=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg\" viewBox=\"-75 -75 212.837 106.780\">\u003Cg stroke=\"currentColor\" style=\"stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-width:.4\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-42.515 16.28v-74.823\"\u002F>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"m-42.515-60.543-1.6 3.2 1.6-1.2 1.6 1.2\"\u002F>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-19.755 -80.355)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-39.989 16.279L-42.122 16.279L-42.122 15.999Q-41.401 15.999-41.401 15.790L-41.401 11.989Q-41.401 11.778-42.122 11.778L-42.122 11.497L-39.456 11.497Q-39.046 11.497-38.625 11.651Q-38.205 11.805-37.921 12.109Q-37.638 12.413-37.638 12.827Q-37.638 13.145-37.805 13.391Q-37.973 13.637-38.249 13.803Q-38.526 13.968-38.848 14.052Q-39.169 14.136-39.456 14.136L-40.710 14.136L-40.710 15.790Q-40.710 15.999-39.989 15.999L-39.989 16.279M-40.738 11.989L-40.738 13.886L-39.651 13.886Q-39.042 13.886-38.728 13.649Q-38.413 13.411-38.413 12.827Q-38.413 12.434-38.559 12.200Q-38.704 11.966-38.976 11.872Q-39.247 11.778-39.651 11.778L-40.372 11.778Q-40.560 11.778-40.649 11.812Q-40.738 11.846-40.738 11.989\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-19.755 -80.355)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-37.083 14.796Q-37.083 14.454-36.948 14.155Q-36.813 13.856-36.573 13.632Q-36.334 13.408-36.016 13.283Q-35.698 13.158-35.367 13.158Q-34.922 13.158-34.523 13.374Q-34.123 13.589-33.888 13.967Q-33.654 14.344-33.654 14.796Q-33.654 15.137-33.796 15.421Q-33.938 15.705-34.182 15.912Q-34.427 16.118-34.736 16.233Q-35.045 16.347-35.367 16.347Q-35.797 16.347-36.199 16.146Q-36.601 15.944-36.842 15.592Q-37.083 15.240-37.083 14.796M-35.367 16.098Q-34.765 16.098-34.541 15.720Q-34.317 15.342-34.317 14.710Q-34.317 14.098-34.552 13.739Q-34.786 13.381-35.367 13.381Q-36.419 13.381-36.419 14.710Q-36.419 15.342-36.194 15.720Q-35.968 16.098-35.367 16.098M-32.533 15.438L-32.533 13.541L-33.172 13.541L-33.172 13.319Q-32.855 13.319-32.637 13.109Q-32.420 12.899-32.320 12.589Q-32.219 12.280-32.219 11.972L-31.952 11.972L-31.952 13.261L-30.876 13.261L-30.876 13.541L-31.952 13.541L-31.952 15.425Q-31.952 15.701-31.848 15.900Q-31.744 16.098-31.484 16.098Q-31.327 16.098-31.221 15.994Q-31.115 15.889-31.065 15.736Q-31.016 15.582-31.016 15.425L-31.016 15.011L-30.749 15.011L-30.749 15.438Q-30.749 15.664-30.848 15.874Q-30.947 16.084-31.132 16.216Q-31.316 16.347-31.545 16.347Q-31.983 16.347-32.258 16.110Q-32.533 15.872-32.533 15.438M-29.413 15.438L-29.413 13.541L-30.052 13.541L-30.052 13.319Q-29.734 13.319-29.517 13.109Q-29.300 12.899-29.199 12.589Q-29.098 12.280-29.098 11.972L-28.832 11.972L-28.832 13.261L-27.755 13.261L-27.755 13.541L-28.832 13.541L-28.832 15.425Q-28.832 15.701-28.727 15.900Q-28.623 16.098-28.363 16.098Q-28.206 16.098-28.100 15.994Q-27.994 15.889-27.945 15.736Q-27.895 15.582-27.895 15.425L-27.895 15.011L-27.628 15.011L-27.628 15.438Q-27.628 15.664-27.728 15.874Q-27.827 16.084-28.011 16.216Q-28.196 16.347-28.425 16.347Q-28.862 16.347-29.137 16.110Q-29.413 15.872-29.413 15.438M-26.818 16.272L-26.818 15.209Q-26.818 15.185-26.791 15.158Q-26.764 15.131-26.740 15.131L-26.630 15.131Q-26.565 15.131-26.552 15.189Q-26.456 15.623-26.210 15.874Q-25.964 16.125-25.550 16.125Q-25.209 16.125-24.956 15.992Q-24.703 15.859-24.703 15.551Q-24.703 15.394-24.797 15.279Q-24.891 15.165-25.029 15.096Q-25.168 15.028-25.335 14.990L-25.916 14.891Q-26.272 14.823-26.545 14.602Q-26.818 14.382-26.818 14.040Q-26.818 13.791-26.707 13.616Q-26.596 13.442-26.410 13.343Q-26.224 13.244-26.008 13.201Q-25.793 13.158-25.550 13.158Q-25.137 13.158-24.856 13.340L-24.641 13.165Q-24.631 13.162-24.624 13.160Q-24.617 13.158-24.607 13.158L-24.556 13.158Q-24.528 13.158-24.504 13.182Q-24.481 13.206-24.481 13.234L-24.481 14.081Q-24.481 14.102-24.504 14.129Q-24.528 14.156-24.556 14.156L-24.669 14.156Q-24.696 14.156-24.721 14.131Q-24.747 14.105-24.747 14.081Q-24.747 13.845-24.853 13.681Q-24.959 13.517-25.142 13.435Q-25.325 13.353-25.557 13.353Q-25.885 13.353-26.142 13.456Q-26.398 13.558-26.398 13.835Q-26.398 14.030-26.215 14.139Q-26.032 14.249-25.803 14.290L-25.229 14.396Q-24.983 14.444-24.769 14.572Q-24.556 14.700-24.419 14.903Q-24.282 15.107-24.282 15.356Q-24.282 15.869-24.648 16.108Q-25.014 16.347-25.550 16.347Q-26.046 16.347-26.377 16.053L-26.644 16.327Q-26.665 16.347-26.692 16.347L-26.740 16.347Q-26.764 16.347-26.791 16.320Q-26.818 16.293-26.818 16.272\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-19.755 -80.355)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-20.943 16.272L-20.943 15.209Q-20.943 15.185-20.915 15.158Q-20.888 15.131-20.864 15.131L-20.755 15.131Q-20.690 15.131-20.676 15.189Q-20.580 15.623-20.334 15.874Q-20.088 16.125-19.674 16.125Q-19.333 16.125-19.080 15.992Q-18.827 15.859-18.827 15.551Q-18.827 15.394-18.921 15.279Q-19.015 15.165-19.153 15.096Q-19.292 15.028-19.459 14.990L-20.040 14.891Q-20.396 14.823-20.669 14.602Q-20.943 14.382-20.943 14.040Q-20.943 13.791-20.831 13.616Q-20.720 13.442-20.534 13.343Q-20.348 13.244-20.132 13.201Q-19.917 13.158-19.674 13.158Q-19.261 13.158-18.981 13.340L-18.765 13.165Q-18.755 13.162-18.748 13.160Q-18.741 13.158-18.731 13.158L-18.680 13.158Q-18.653 13.158-18.629 13.182Q-18.605 13.206-18.605 13.234L-18.605 14.081Q-18.605 14.102-18.629 14.129Q-18.653 14.156-18.680 14.156L-18.793 14.156Q-18.820 14.156-18.846 14.131Q-18.871 14.105-18.871 14.081Q-18.871 13.845-18.977 13.681Q-19.083 13.517-19.266 13.435Q-19.449 13.353-19.681 13.353Q-20.009 13.353-20.266 13.456Q-20.522 13.558-20.522 13.835Q-20.522 14.030-20.339 14.139Q-20.156 14.249-19.927 14.290L-19.353 14.396Q-19.107 14.444-18.893 14.572Q-18.680 14.700-18.543 14.903Q-18.406 15.107-18.406 15.356Q-18.406 15.869-18.772 16.108Q-19.138 16.347-19.674 16.347Q-20.170 16.347-20.502 16.053L-20.768 16.327Q-20.789 16.347-20.816 16.347L-20.864 16.347Q-20.888 16.347-20.915 16.320Q-20.943 16.293-20.943 16.272M-16.096 16.279L-17.730 16.279L-17.730 15.999Q-17.501 15.999-17.352 15.965Q-17.203 15.930-17.203 15.790L-17.203 12.171Q-17.203 11.901-17.311 11.839Q-17.419 11.778-17.730 11.778L-17.730 11.497L-16.650 11.422L-16.650 13.808Q-16.544 13.623-16.366 13.481Q-16.188 13.340-15.980 13.266Q-15.771 13.193-15.546 13.193Q-15.040 13.193-14.756 13.416Q-14.472 13.640-14.472 14.136L-14.472 15.790Q-14.472 15.927-14.324 15.963Q-14.175 15.999-13.949 15.999L-13.949 16.279L-15.580 16.279L-15.580 15.999Q-15.351 15.999-15.202 15.965Q-15.053 15.930-15.053 15.790L-15.053 14.150Q-15.053 13.815-15.173 13.615Q-15.293 13.415-15.607 13.415Q-15.877 13.415-16.111 13.551Q-16.345 13.688-16.484 13.922Q-16.622 14.156-16.622 14.430L-16.622 15.790Q-16.622 15.927-16.472 15.963Q-16.321 15.999-16.096 15.999L-16.096 16.279M-13.303 15.551Q-13.303 15.219-13.080 14.992Q-12.856 14.765-12.512 14.637Q-12.169 14.508-11.796 14.456Q-11.424 14.403-11.119 14.403L-11.119 14.150Q-11.119 13.945-11.227 13.765Q-11.335 13.586-11.516 13.483Q-11.697 13.381-11.905 13.381Q-12.312 13.381-12.548 13.473Q-12.459 13.510-12.413 13.594Q-12.367 13.678-12.367 13.780Q-12.367 13.876-12.413 13.955Q-12.459 14.033-12.539 14.078Q-12.620 14.122-12.709 14.122Q-12.859 14.122-12.960 14.025Q-13.061 13.927-13.061 13.780Q-13.061 13.158-11.905 13.158Q-11.694 13.158-11.444 13.222Q-11.195 13.285-10.993 13.404Q-10.791 13.524-10.665 13.709Q-10.538 13.893-10.538 14.136L-10.538 15.712Q-10.538 15.828-10.477 15.924Q-10.415 16.019-10.302 16.019Q-10.193 16.019-10.128 15.925Q-10.063 15.831-10.063 15.712L-10.063 15.264L-9.797 15.264L-9.797 15.712Q-9.797 15.982-10.024 16.147Q-10.251 16.313-10.531 16.313Q-10.740 16.313-10.877 16.159Q-11.013 16.006-11.037 15.790Q-11.184 16.057-11.466 16.202Q-11.748 16.347-12.073 16.347Q-12.350 16.347-12.633 16.272Q-12.917 16.197-13.110 16.018Q-13.303 15.838-13.303 15.551M-12.688 15.551Q-12.688 15.725-12.587 15.855Q-12.486 15.985-12.331 16.055Q-12.175 16.125-12.011 16.125Q-11.793 16.125-11.584 16.028Q-11.376 15.930-11.247 15.749Q-11.119 15.568-11.119 15.342L-11.119 14.614Q-11.444 14.614-11.810 14.705Q-12.175 14.796-12.432 15.008Q-12.688 15.219-12.688 15.551M-7.630 16.279L-9.366 16.279L-9.366 15.999Q-9.137 15.999-8.988 15.965Q-8.840 15.930-8.840 15.790L-8.840 13.941Q-8.840 13.671-8.947 13.610Q-9.055 13.548-9.366 13.548L-9.366 13.268L-8.337 13.193L-8.337 13.900Q-8.207 13.592-7.965 13.393Q-7.722 13.193-7.404 13.193Q-7.185 13.193-7.014 13.317Q-6.843 13.442-6.843 13.654Q-6.843 13.791-6.943 13.890Q-7.042 13.989-7.175 13.989Q-7.312 13.989-7.411 13.890Q-7.510 13.791-7.510 13.654Q-7.510 13.514-7.411 13.415Q-7.701 13.415-7.901 13.611Q-8.101 13.808-8.194 14.102Q-8.286 14.396-8.286 14.676L-8.286 15.790Q-8.286 15.999-7.630 15.999L-7.630 16.279M-6.300 14.744Q-6.300 14.423-6.175 14.134Q-6.050 13.845-5.825 13.622Q-5.599 13.398-5.304 13.278Q-5.008 13.158-4.690 13.158Q-4.362 13.158-4.101 13.258Q-3.839 13.357-3.663 13.539Q-3.487 13.722-3.393 13.980Q-3.299 14.238-3.299 14.570Q-3.299 14.662-3.381 14.683L-5.637 14.683L-5.637 14.744Q-5.637 15.332-5.353 15.715Q-5.070 16.098-4.502 16.098Q-4.181 16.098-3.913 15.905Q-3.644 15.712-3.555 15.397Q-3.549 15.356-3.473 15.342L-3.381 15.342Q-3.299 15.366-3.299 15.438Q-3.299 15.445-3.306 15.472Q-3.419 15.869-3.789 16.108Q-4.160 16.347-4.584 16.347Q-5.022 16.347-5.422 16.139Q-5.821 15.930-6.061 15.563Q-6.300 15.196-6.300 14.744M-5.630 14.474L-3.815 14.474Q-3.815 14.197-3.913 13.945Q-4.010 13.692-4.208 13.536Q-4.406 13.381-4.690 13.381Q-4.967 13.381-5.181 13.539Q-5.394 13.698-5.512 13.953Q-5.630 14.208-5.630 14.474\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-42.515 16.28h151.644\"\u002F>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"m111.13 16.28-3.2-1.6 1.2 1.6-1.2 1.6\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(157.178 2.153)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-42.201 16.272L-42.201 15.209Q-42.201 15.185-42.173 15.158Q-42.146 15.131-42.122 15.131L-42.013 15.131Q-41.948 15.131-41.934 15.189Q-41.838 15.623-41.592 15.874Q-41.346 16.125-40.932 16.125Q-40.591 16.125-40.338 15.992Q-40.085 15.859-40.085 15.551Q-40.085 15.394-40.179 15.279Q-40.273 15.165-40.411 15.096Q-40.550 15.028-40.717 14.990L-41.298 14.891Q-41.654 14.823-41.927 14.602Q-42.201 14.382-42.201 14.040Q-42.201 13.791-42.089 13.616Q-41.978 13.442-41.792 13.343Q-41.606 13.244-41.390 13.201Q-41.175 13.158-40.932 13.158Q-40.519 13.158-40.239 13.340L-40.023 13.165Q-40.013 13.162-40.006 13.160Q-39.999 13.158-39.989 13.158L-39.938 13.158Q-39.911 13.158-39.887 13.182Q-39.863 13.206-39.863 13.234L-39.863 14.081Q-39.863 14.102-39.887 14.129Q-39.911 14.156-39.938 14.156L-40.051 14.156Q-40.078 14.156-40.104 14.131Q-40.129 14.105-40.129 14.081Q-40.129 13.845-40.235 13.681Q-40.341 13.517-40.524 13.435Q-40.707 13.353-40.939 13.353Q-41.267 13.353-41.524 13.456Q-41.780 13.558-41.780 13.835Q-41.780 14.030-41.597 14.139Q-41.414 14.249-41.185 14.290L-40.611 14.396Q-40.365 14.444-40.151 14.572Q-39.938 14.700-39.801 14.903Q-39.664 15.107-39.664 15.356Q-39.664 15.869-40.030 16.108Q-40.396 16.347-40.932 16.347Q-41.428 16.347-41.760 16.053L-42.026 16.327Q-42.047 16.347-42.074 16.347L-42.122 16.347Q-42.146 16.347-42.173 16.320Q-42.201 16.293-42.201 16.272M-38.509 15.438L-38.509 13.541L-39.148 13.541L-39.148 13.319Q-38.830 13.319-38.613 13.109Q-38.396 12.899-38.296 12.589Q-38.195 12.280-38.195 11.972L-37.928 11.972L-37.928 13.261L-36.851 13.261L-36.851 13.541L-37.928 13.541L-37.928 15.425Q-37.928 15.701-37.824 15.900Q-37.720 16.098-37.460 16.098Q-37.303 16.098-37.197 15.994Q-37.091 15.889-37.041 15.736Q-36.992 15.582-36.992 15.425L-36.992 15.011L-36.725 15.011L-36.725 15.438Q-36.725 15.664-36.824 15.874Q-36.923 16.084-37.108 16.216Q-37.292 16.347-37.521 16.347Q-37.959 16.347-38.234 16.110Q-38.509 15.872-38.509 15.438M-35.857 15.551Q-35.857 15.219-35.633 14.992Q-35.409 14.765-35.066 14.637Q-34.722 14.508-34.349 14.456Q-33.977 14.403-33.673 14.403L-33.673 14.150Q-33.673 13.945-33.780 13.765Q-33.888 13.586-34.069 13.483Q-34.250 13.381-34.459 13.381Q-34.866 13.381-35.101 13.473Q-35.013 13.510-34.966 13.594Q-34.920 13.678-34.920 13.780Q-34.920 13.876-34.966 13.955Q-35.013 14.033-35.093 14.078Q-35.173 14.122-35.262 14.122Q-35.412 14.122-35.513 14.025Q-35.614 13.927-35.614 13.780Q-35.614 13.158-34.459 13.158Q-34.247 13.158-33.997 13.222Q-33.748 13.285-33.546 13.404Q-33.345 13.524-33.218 13.709Q-33.092 13.893-33.092 14.136L-33.092 15.712Q-33.092 15.828-33.030 15.924Q-32.969 16.019-32.856 16.019Q-32.746 16.019-32.682 15.925Q-32.617 15.831-32.617 15.712L-32.617 15.264L-32.350 15.264L-32.350 15.712Q-32.350 15.982-32.577 16.147Q-32.805 16.313-33.085 16.313Q-33.293 16.313-33.430 16.159Q-33.567 16.006-33.591 15.790Q-33.738 16.057-34.020 16.202Q-34.302 16.347-34.626 16.347Q-34.903 16.347-35.187 16.272Q-35.471 16.197-35.664 16.018Q-35.857 15.838-35.857 15.551M-35.242 15.551Q-35.242 15.725-35.141 15.855Q-35.040 15.985-34.884 16.055Q-34.729 16.125-34.565 16.125Q-34.346 16.125-34.138 16.028Q-33.929 15.930-33.801 15.749Q-33.673 15.568-33.673 15.342L-33.673 14.614Q-33.997 14.614-34.363 14.705Q-34.729 14.796-34.985 15.008Q-35.242 15.219-35.242 15.551M-30.183 16.279L-31.919 16.279L-31.919 15.999Q-31.690 15.999-31.542 15.965Q-31.393 15.930-31.393 15.790L-31.393 13.941Q-31.393 13.671-31.501 13.610Q-31.608 13.548-31.919 13.548L-31.919 13.268L-30.890 13.193L-30.890 13.900Q-30.761 13.592-30.518 13.393Q-30.275 13.193-29.957 13.193Q-29.739 13.193-29.568 13.317Q-29.397 13.442-29.397 13.654Q-29.397 13.791-29.496 13.890Q-29.595 13.989-29.728 13.989Q-29.865 13.989-29.964 13.890Q-30.063 13.791-30.063 13.654Q-30.063 13.514-29.964 13.415Q-30.255 13.415-30.455 13.611Q-30.655 13.808-30.747 14.102Q-30.839 14.396-30.839 14.676L-30.839 15.790Q-30.839 15.999-30.183 15.999L-30.183 16.279M-28.812 16.272L-28.812 15.209Q-28.812 15.185-28.785 15.158Q-28.758 15.131-28.734 15.131L-28.624 15.131Q-28.559 15.131-28.546 15.189Q-28.450 15.623-28.204 15.874Q-27.958 16.125-27.544 16.125Q-27.203 16.125-26.950 15.992Q-26.697 15.859-26.697 15.551Q-26.697 15.394-26.791 15.279Q-26.885 15.165-27.023 15.096Q-27.161 15.028-27.329 14.990L-27.910 14.891Q-28.265 14.823-28.539 14.602Q-28.812 14.382-28.812 14.040Q-28.812 13.791-28.701 13.616Q-28.590 13.442-28.404 13.343Q-28.218 13.244-28.002 13.201Q-27.787 13.158-27.544 13.158Q-27.131 13.158-26.850 13.340L-26.635 13.165Q-26.625 13.162-26.618 13.160Q-26.611 13.158-26.601 13.158L-26.550 13.158Q-26.522 13.158-26.498 13.182Q-26.474 13.206-26.474 13.234L-26.474 14.081Q-26.474 14.102-26.498 14.129Q-26.522 14.156-26.550 14.156L-26.662 14.156Q-26.690 14.156-26.715 14.131Q-26.741 14.105-26.741 14.081Q-26.741 13.845-26.847 13.681Q-26.953 13.517-27.136 13.435Q-27.319 13.353-27.551 13.353Q-27.879 13.353-28.136 13.456Q-28.392 13.558-28.392 13.835Q-28.392 14.030-28.209 14.139Q-28.026 14.249-27.797 14.290L-27.223 14.396Q-26.977 14.444-26.763 14.572Q-26.550 14.700-26.413 14.903Q-26.276 15.107-26.276 15.356Q-26.276 15.869-26.642 16.108Q-27.008 16.347-27.544 16.347Q-28.040 16.347-28.371 16.053L-28.638 16.327Q-28.659 16.347-28.686 16.347L-28.734 16.347Q-28.758 16.347-28.785 16.320Q-28.812 16.293-28.812 16.272\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-soft-warn)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M-24.875 16.28v-60.89H-8.94v60.89ZM-8.94-44.61\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" d=\"M-24.875 16.28v-60.89H-8.94v60.89ZM-8.94-44.61\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(23.614 8.898)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-39.189 16.279L-41.719 16.279L-41.719 15.999Q-40.751 15.999-40.751 15.790L-40.751 12.171Q-41.144 12.359-41.766 12.359L-41.766 12.078Q-41.349 12.078-40.985 11.977Q-40.621 11.877-40.365 11.631L-40.239 11.631Q-40.174 11.648-40.157 11.716L-40.157 15.790Q-40.157 15.999-39.189 15.999\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(16.503 -64.422)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-40.526 16.419Q-41.161 16.419-41.525 16.074Q-41.890 15.729-42.025 15.204Q-42.160 14.679-42.160 14.054Q-42.160 13.029-41.804 12.330Q-41.449 11.631-40.526 11.631Q-39.599 11.631-39.247 12.330Q-38.895 13.029-38.895 14.054Q-38.895 14.679-39.030 15.204Q-39.165 15.729-39.528 16.074Q-39.890 16.419-40.526 16.419M-40.526 16.194Q-40.088 16.194-39.875 15.819Q-39.661 15.445-39.611 14.978Q-39.562 14.512-39.562 13.934Q-39.562 13.381-39.611 12.953Q-39.661 12.526-39.873 12.191Q-40.085 11.856-40.526 11.856Q-40.868 11.856-41.071 12.063Q-41.274 12.270-41.361 12.582Q-41.449 12.895-41.471 13.211Q-41.493 13.528-41.493 13.934Q-41.493 14.351-41.471 14.693Q-41.449 15.035-41.360 15.383Q-41.271 15.732-41.066 15.963Q-40.861 16.194-40.526 16.194M-37.819 15.859Q-37.819 15.691-37.696 15.568Q-37.573 15.445-37.398 15.445Q-37.231 15.445-37.108 15.568Q-36.985 15.691-36.985 15.859Q-36.985 16.033-37.108 16.156Q-37.231 16.279-37.398 16.279Q-37.573 16.279-37.696 16.156Q-37.819 16.033-37.819 15.859M-35.474 15.732Q-35.354 15.889-35.163 15.988Q-34.972 16.088-34.756 16.127Q-34.541 16.166-34.319 16.166Q-34.021 16.166-33.827 16.011Q-33.632 15.855-33.541 15.601Q-33.451 15.346-33.451 15.062Q-33.451 14.768-33.543 14.517Q-33.635 14.266-33.833 14.110Q-34.032 13.955-34.326 13.955L-34.842 13.955Q-34.869 13.955-34.895 13.929Q-34.920 13.904-34.920 13.880L-34.920 13.808Q-34.920 13.777-34.895 13.755Q-34.869 13.733-34.842 13.733L-34.401 13.702Q-34.038 13.702-33.818 13.345Q-33.598 12.987-33.598 12.598Q-33.598 12.270-33.792 12.066Q-33.987 11.863-34.319 11.863Q-34.606 11.863-34.859 11.947Q-35.112 12.030-35.276 12.218Q-35.129 12.218-35.028 12.333Q-34.927 12.447-34.927 12.598Q-34.927 12.748-35.033 12.858Q-35.139 12.967-35.296 12.967Q-35.457 12.967-35.566 12.858Q-35.676 12.748-35.676 12.598Q-35.676 12.273-35.467 12.054Q-35.259 11.836-34.942 11.733Q-34.626 11.631-34.319 11.631Q-34.001 11.631-33.673 11.735Q-33.345 11.839-33.117 12.061Q-32.890 12.283-32.890 12.598Q-32.890 13.032-33.177 13.357Q-33.464 13.681-33.898 13.828Q-33.587 13.893-33.307 14.059Q-33.027 14.225-32.849 14.483Q-32.671 14.741-32.671 15.062Q-32.671 15.472-32.916 15.782Q-33.160 16.091-33.541 16.255Q-33.922 16.419-34.319 16.419Q-34.688 16.419-35.045 16.306Q-35.402 16.194-35.647 15.944Q-35.891 15.695-35.891 15.325Q-35.891 15.154-35.775 15.042Q-35.659 14.929-35.488 14.929Q-35.378 14.929-35.288 14.980Q-35.197 15.031-35.142 15.124Q-35.088 15.216-35.088 15.325Q-35.088 15.493-35.201 15.612Q-35.313 15.732-35.474 15.732M-31.482 15.517L-31.513 15.517Q-31.376 15.814-31.078 15.990Q-30.781 16.166-30.453 16.166Q-30.091 16.166-29.863 15.988Q-29.636 15.811-29.542 15.522Q-29.448 15.233-29.448 14.871Q-29.448 14.556-29.503 14.271Q-29.557 13.986-29.730 13.780Q-29.903 13.575-30.217 13.575Q-30.491 13.575-30.673 13.642Q-30.856 13.709-30.961 13.798Q-31.065 13.886-31.161 13.996Q-31.256 14.105-31.301 14.115L-31.379 14.115Q-31.451 14.098-31.468 14.027L-31.468 11.709Q-31.468 11.675-31.444 11.653Q-31.420 11.631-31.386 11.631L-31.359 11.631Q-31.072 11.747-30.803 11.801Q-30.535 11.856-30.258 11.856Q-29.981 11.856-29.711 11.801Q-29.441 11.747-29.161 11.631L-29.137 11.631Q-29.103 11.631-29.079 11.654Q-29.055 11.678-29.055 11.709L-29.055 11.778Q-29.055 11.805-29.076 11.825Q-29.349 12.140-29.734 12.316Q-30.118 12.492-30.532 12.492Q-30.870 12.492-31.188 12.406L-31.188 13.688Q-30.791 13.353-30.217 13.353Q-29.814 13.353-29.477 13.563Q-29.140 13.774-28.947 14.126Q-28.754 14.478-28.754 14.878Q-28.754 15.209-28.894 15.495Q-29.035 15.780-29.279 15.990Q-29.523 16.200-29.826 16.310Q-30.128 16.419-30.446 16.419Q-30.805 16.419-31.131 16.255Q-31.458 16.091-31.653 15.799Q-31.848 15.507-31.848 15.144Q-31.848 14.994-31.742 14.888Q-31.636 14.782-31.482 14.782Q-31.328 14.782-31.224 14.886Q-31.119 14.990-31.119 15.144Q-31.119 15.301-31.224 15.409Q-31.328 15.517-31.482 15.517M-26.871 16.071Q-26.871 15.565-26.741 15.057Q-26.611 14.550-26.374 14.088Q-26.136 13.627-25.801 13.206L-25.155 12.393L-25.969 12.393Q-26.553 12.393-26.950 12.401Q-27.346 12.410-27.370 12.430Q-27.473 12.547-27.551 13.073L-27.818 13.073L-27.572 11.549L-27.305 11.549L-27.305 11.569Q-27.305 11.637-27.230 11.680Q-27.155 11.723-27.076 11.730Q-26.885 11.754-26.690 11.760Q-26.495 11.767-26.304 11.769Q-26.112 11.771-25.914 11.771L-24.492 11.771L-24.492 11.959Q-24.502 12.007-24.513 12.017L-25.569 13.340Q-25.787 13.613-25.911 13.926Q-26.034 14.238-26.092 14.587Q-26.150 14.936-26.163 15.267Q-26.177 15.599-26.177 16.071Q-26.177 16.221-26.276 16.320Q-26.375 16.419-26.522 16.419Q-26.673 16.419-26.772 16.320Q-26.871 16.221-26.871 16.071\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-soft-warn)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M.732 16.28v-48.94h15.934v48.94Zm15.934-48.94\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" d=\"M.732 16.28v-48.94h15.934v48.94Zm15.934-48.94\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(49.222 8.898)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-39.189 16.279L-42.074 16.279L-42.074 16.077Q-42.074 16.047-42.047 16.019L-40.799 14.802Q-40.727 14.727-40.685 14.685Q-40.642 14.642-40.563 14.563Q-40.150 14.150-39.919 13.792Q-39.688 13.435-39.688 13.011Q-39.688 12.779-39.767 12.576Q-39.846 12.372-39.987 12.222Q-40.129 12.071-40.324 11.991Q-40.519 11.911-40.751 11.911Q-41.062 11.911-41.320 12.070Q-41.578 12.229-41.708 12.506L-41.688 12.506Q-41.520 12.506-41.413 12.617Q-41.305 12.728-41.305 12.892Q-41.305 13.049-41.414 13.162Q-41.524 13.275-41.688 13.275Q-41.848 13.275-41.961 13.162Q-42.074 13.049-42.074 12.892Q-42.074 12.516-41.866 12.229Q-41.657 11.942-41.322 11.786Q-40.987 11.631-40.632 11.631Q-40.208 11.631-39.828 11.789Q-39.449 11.948-39.215 12.265Q-38.981 12.581-38.981 13.011Q-38.981 13.322-39.121 13.591Q-39.261 13.859-39.466 14.064Q-39.671 14.269-40.034 14.551Q-40.396 14.833-40.505 14.929L-41.360 15.657L-40.717 15.657Q-40.454 15.657-40.165 15.655Q-39.876 15.654-39.658 15.645Q-39.439 15.636-39.422 15.619Q-39.360 15.554-39.323 15.387Q-39.285 15.219-39.247 14.977L-38.981 14.977\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(42.11 -52.472)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-40.526 16.419Q-41.161 16.419-41.525 16.074Q-41.890 15.729-42.025 15.204Q-42.160 14.679-42.160 14.054Q-42.160 13.029-41.804 12.330Q-41.449 11.631-40.526 11.631Q-39.599 11.631-39.247 12.330Q-38.895 13.029-38.895 14.054Q-38.895 14.679-39.030 15.204Q-39.165 15.729-39.528 16.074Q-39.890 16.419-40.526 16.419M-40.526 16.194Q-40.088 16.194-39.875 15.819Q-39.661 15.445-39.611 14.978Q-39.562 14.512-39.562 13.934Q-39.562 13.381-39.611 12.953Q-39.661 12.526-39.873 12.191Q-40.085 11.856-40.526 11.856Q-40.868 11.856-41.071 12.063Q-41.274 12.270-41.361 12.582Q-41.449 12.895-41.471 13.211Q-41.493 13.528-41.493 13.934Q-41.493 14.351-41.471 14.693Q-41.449 15.035-41.360 15.383Q-41.271 15.732-41.066 15.963Q-40.861 16.194-40.526 16.194M-37.819 15.859Q-37.819 15.691-37.696 15.568Q-37.573 15.445-37.398 15.445Q-37.231 15.445-37.108 15.568Q-36.985 15.691-36.985 15.859Q-36.985 16.033-37.108 16.156Q-37.231 16.279-37.398 16.279Q-37.573 16.279-37.696 16.156Q-37.819 16.033-37.819 15.859M-32.945 16.279L-35.829 16.279L-35.829 16.077Q-35.829 16.047-35.802 16.019L-34.555 14.802Q-34.483 14.727-34.440 14.685Q-34.397 14.642-34.319 14.563Q-33.905 14.150-33.674 13.792Q-33.444 13.435-33.444 13.011Q-33.444 12.779-33.522 12.576Q-33.601 12.372-33.743 12.222Q-33.885 12.071-34.079 11.991Q-34.274 11.911-34.507 11.911Q-34.818 11.911-35.076 12.070Q-35.334 12.229-35.464 12.506L-35.443 12.506Q-35.276 12.506-35.168 12.617Q-35.060 12.728-35.060 12.892Q-35.060 13.049-35.170 13.162Q-35.279 13.275-35.443 13.275Q-35.604 13.275-35.717 13.162Q-35.829 13.049-35.829 12.892Q-35.829 12.516-35.621 12.229Q-35.412 11.942-35.078 11.786Q-34.743 11.631-34.387 11.631Q-33.963 11.631-33.584 11.789Q-33.204 11.948-32.970 12.265Q-32.736 12.581-32.736 13.011Q-32.736 13.322-32.876 13.591Q-33.016 13.859-33.222 14.064Q-33.427 14.269-33.789 14.551Q-34.151 14.833-34.261 14.929L-35.115 15.657L-34.473 15.657Q-34.209 15.657-33.921 15.655Q-33.632 15.654-33.413 15.645Q-33.194 15.636-33.177 15.619Q-33.116 15.554-33.078 15.387Q-33.040 15.219-33.003 14.977L-32.736 14.977L-32.945 16.279M-31.909 15.202Q-31.909 14.761-31.607 14.440Q-31.304 14.119-30.853 13.927L-31.092 13.787Q-31.362 13.627-31.528 13.369Q-31.694 13.111-31.694 12.813Q-31.694 12.461-31.489 12.189Q-31.284 11.918-30.962 11.774Q-30.641 11.631-30.299 11.631Q-29.978 11.631-29.655 11.747Q-29.332 11.863-29.120 12.104Q-28.908 12.345-28.908 12.680Q-28.908 13.042-29.152 13.305Q-29.397 13.569-29.776 13.746L-29.376 13.982Q-29.182 14.095-29.023 14.264Q-28.864 14.433-28.776 14.642Q-28.689 14.850-28.689 15.083Q-28.689 15.486-28.923 15.790Q-29.158 16.094-29.532 16.257Q-29.906 16.419-30.299 16.419Q-30.685 16.419-31.055 16.282Q-31.424 16.146-31.666 15.869Q-31.909 15.592-31.909 15.202M-31.461 15.202Q-31.461 15.489-31.292 15.712Q-31.123 15.934-30.855 16.050Q-30.586 16.166-30.299 16.166Q-29.862 16.166-29.499 15.949Q-29.137 15.732-29.137 15.325Q-29.137 15.124-29.265 14.946Q-29.393 14.768-29.571 14.669L-30.593 14.074Q-30.832 14.184-31.031 14.350Q-31.229 14.515-31.345 14.731Q-31.461 14.946-31.461 15.202M-30.938 13.073L-30.019 13.606Q-29.711 13.446-29.510 13.213Q-29.308 12.981-29.308 12.680Q-29.308 12.441-29.453 12.251Q-29.598 12.061-29.831 11.962Q-30.063 11.863-30.299 11.863Q-30.521 11.863-30.750 11.933Q-30.979 12.003-31.137 12.160Q-31.294 12.318-31.294 12.547Q-31.294 12.861-30.938 13.073M-26.317 16.419Q-26.775 16.419-27.093 16.204Q-27.411 15.988-27.592 15.636Q-27.773 15.284-27.850 14.864Q-27.927 14.444-27.927 14.016Q-27.927 13.432-27.674 12.876Q-27.421 12.321-26.951 11.976Q-26.481 11.631-25.883 11.631Q-25.473 11.631-25.189 11.829Q-24.906 12.027-24.906 12.430Q-24.906 12.526-24.952 12.605Q-24.998 12.683-25.078 12.728Q-25.159 12.772-25.247 12.772Q-25.394 12.772-25.495 12.675Q-25.596 12.577-25.596 12.430Q-25.596 12.300-25.505 12.193Q-25.415 12.085-25.282 12.085Q-25.470 11.863-25.883 11.863Q-26.198 11.863-26.471 12.027Q-26.744 12.191-26.912 12.465Q-27.100 12.755-27.165 13.121Q-27.230 13.487-27.230 13.941Q-27.079 13.647-26.815 13.469Q-26.550 13.292-26.235 13.292Q-25.805 13.292-25.456 13.498Q-25.107 13.705-24.907 14.061Q-24.707 14.416-24.707 14.843Q-24.707 15.288-24.924 15.648Q-25.141 16.009-25.514 16.214Q-25.887 16.419-26.317 16.419M-26.317 16.166Q-25.941 16.166-25.738 15.983Q-25.535 15.800-25.471 15.517Q-25.408 15.233-25.408 14.843Q-25.408 14.457-25.463 14.177Q-25.517 13.897-25.712 13.705Q-25.907 13.514-26.276 13.514Q-26.567 13.514-26.779 13.690Q-26.991 13.866-27.098 14.139Q-27.206 14.413-27.206 14.696L-27.206 14.837L-27.206 14.878Q-27.206 15.383-26.994 15.775Q-26.782 16.166-26.317 16.166\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-soft-warn)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M26.34 16.28v-30.445h15.933v30.444Zm15.933-30.445\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" d=\"M26.34 16.28v-30.445h15.933v30.444Zm15.933-30.445\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(74.829 8.898)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-41.719 15.732Q-41.599 15.889-41.408 15.988Q-41.216 16.088-41.001 16.127Q-40.786 16.166-40.563 16.166Q-40.266 16.166-40.071 16.011Q-39.876 15.855-39.786 15.601Q-39.695 15.346-39.695 15.062Q-39.695 14.768-39.787 14.517Q-39.880 14.266-40.078 14.110Q-40.276 13.955-40.570 13.955L-41.086 13.955Q-41.114 13.955-41.139 13.929Q-41.165 13.904-41.165 13.880L-41.165 13.808Q-41.165 13.777-41.139 13.755Q-41.114 13.733-41.086 13.733L-40.645 13.702Q-40.283 13.702-40.063 13.345Q-39.842 12.987-39.842 12.598Q-39.842 12.270-40.037 12.066Q-40.232 11.863-40.563 11.863Q-40.850 11.863-41.103 11.947Q-41.356 12.030-41.520 12.218Q-41.373 12.218-41.273 12.333Q-41.172 12.447-41.172 12.598Q-41.172 12.748-41.278 12.858Q-41.384 12.967-41.541 12.967Q-41.702 12.967-41.811 12.858Q-41.920 12.748-41.920 12.598Q-41.920 12.273-41.712 12.054Q-41.503 11.836-41.187 11.733Q-40.871 11.631-40.563 11.631Q-40.245 11.631-39.917 11.735Q-39.589 11.839-39.362 12.061Q-39.135 12.283-39.135 12.598Q-39.135 13.032-39.422 13.357Q-39.709 13.681-40.143 13.828Q-39.832 13.893-39.552 14.059Q-39.271 14.225-39.094 14.483Q-38.916 14.741-38.916 15.062Q-38.916 15.472-39.160 15.782Q-39.405 16.091-39.786 16.255Q-40.167 16.419-40.563 16.419Q-40.932 16.419-41.290 16.306Q-41.647 16.194-41.891 15.944Q-42.136 15.695-42.136 15.325Q-42.136 15.154-42.019 15.042Q-41.903 14.929-41.732 14.929Q-41.623 14.929-41.532 14.980Q-41.442 15.031-41.387 15.124Q-41.332 15.216-41.332 15.325Q-41.332 15.493-41.445 15.612Q-41.558 15.732-41.719 15.732\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(67.718 -33.978)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-40.526 16.419Q-41.161 16.419-41.525 16.074Q-41.890 15.729-42.025 15.204Q-42.160 14.679-42.160 14.054Q-42.160 13.029-41.804 12.330Q-41.449 11.631-40.526 11.631Q-39.599 11.631-39.247 12.330Q-38.895 13.029-38.895 14.054Q-38.895 14.679-39.030 15.204Q-39.165 15.729-39.528 16.074Q-39.890 16.419-40.526 16.419M-40.526 16.194Q-40.088 16.194-39.875 15.819Q-39.661 15.445-39.611 14.978Q-39.562 14.512-39.562 13.934Q-39.562 13.381-39.611 12.953Q-39.661 12.526-39.873 12.191Q-40.085 11.856-40.526 11.856Q-40.868 11.856-41.071 12.063Q-41.274 12.270-41.361 12.582Q-41.449 12.895-41.471 13.211Q-41.493 13.528-41.493 13.934Q-41.493 14.351-41.471 14.693Q-41.449 15.035-41.360 15.383Q-41.271 15.732-41.066 15.963Q-40.861 16.194-40.526 16.194M-37.819 15.859Q-37.819 15.691-37.696 15.568Q-37.573 15.445-37.398 15.445Q-37.231 15.445-37.108 15.568Q-36.985 15.691-36.985 15.859Q-36.985 16.033-37.108 16.156Q-37.231 16.279-37.398 16.279Q-37.573 16.279-37.696 16.156Q-37.819 16.033-37.819 15.859M-32.945 16.279L-35.474 16.279L-35.474 15.999Q-34.507 15.999-34.507 15.790L-34.507 12.171Q-34.900 12.359-35.522 12.359L-35.522 12.078Q-35.105 12.078-34.741 11.977Q-34.377 11.877-34.120 11.631L-33.994 11.631Q-33.929 11.648-33.912 11.716L-33.912 15.790Q-33.912 15.999-32.945 15.999L-32.945 16.279M-30.853 16.071Q-30.853 15.565-30.723 15.057Q-30.593 14.550-30.356 14.088Q-30.118 13.627-29.783 13.206L-29.137 12.393L-29.951 12.393Q-30.535 12.393-30.932 12.401Q-31.328 12.410-31.352 12.430Q-31.454 12.547-31.533 13.073L-31.800 13.073L-31.554 11.549L-31.287 11.549L-31.287 11.569Q-31.287 11.637-31.212 11.680Q-31.137 11.723-31.058 11.730Q-30.867 11.754-30.672 11.760Q-30.477 11.767-30.286 11.769Q-30.094 11.771-29.896 11.771L-28.474 11.771L-28.474 11.959Q-28.484 12.007-28.494 12.017L-29.551 13.340Q-29.769 13.613-29.892 13.926Q-30.015 14.238-30.074 14.587Q-30.132 14.936-30.145 15.267Q-30.159 15.599-30.159 16.071Q-30.159 16.221-30.258 16.320Q-30.357 16.419-30.504 16.419Q-30.655 16.419-30.754 16.320Q-30.853 16.221-30.853 16.071M-27.332 15.965Q-27.213 16.081-27.035 16.123Q-26.857 16.166-26.642 16.166Q-26.403 16.166-26.192 16.057Q-25.982 15.947-25.828 15.765Q-25.675 15.582-25.576 15.349Q-25.408 14.922-25.408 14.102Q-25.558 14.396-25.822 14.575Q-26.085 14.755-26.403 14.755Q-26.837 14.755-27.184 14.546Q-27.531 14.338-27.729 13.977Q-27.927 13.616-27.927 13.193Q-27.927 12.858-27.797 12.569Q-27.667 12.280-27.437 12.066Q-27.206 11.853-26.907 11.742Q-26.608 11.631-26.276 11.631Q-25.418 11.631-25.063 12.345Q-24.707 13.059-24.707 14.016Q-24.707 14.433-24.836 14.861Q-24.964 15.288-25.220 15.643Q-25.476 15.999-25.839 16.209Q-26.201 16.419-26.642 16.419Q-27.097 16.419-27.414 16.231Q-27.732 16.043-27.732 15.619Q-27.732 15.469-27.633 15.370Q-27.534 15.271-27.384 15.271Q-27.315 15.271-27.249 15.298Q-27.182 15.325-27.138 15.370Q-27.093 15.414-27.066 15.481Q-27.038 15.548-27.038 15.619Q-27.038 15.749-27.119 15.847Q-27.199 15.944-27.332 15.965M-26.362 14.529Q-26.068 14.529-25.852 14.351Q-25.637 14.174-25.529 13.898Q-25.422 13.623-25.422 13.333Q-25.422 13.288-25.423 13.261Q-25.425 13.234-25.429 13.199Q-25.425 13.189-25.423 13.182Q-25.422 13.175-25.422 13.165Q-25.422 12.663-25.620 12.263Q-25.818 11.863-26.276 11.863Q-26.844 11.863-27.037 12.222Q-27.230 12.581-27.230 13.193Q-27.230 13.579-27.175 13.862Q-27.120 14.146-26.926 14.338Q-26.731 14.529-26.362 14.529\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-soft-warn)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M51.947 16.28V-1.93H67.88v18.21ZM67.88-1.93\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" d=\"M51.947 16.28V-1.93H67.88v18.21ZM67.88-1.93\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(100.436 8.898)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-40.198 15.131L-42.242 15.131L-42.242 14.850L-39.911 11.678Q-39.876 11.631-39.811 11.631L-39.675 11.631Q-39.630 11.631-39.603 11.658Q-39.576 11.685-39.576 11.730L-39.576 14.850L-38.813 14.850L-38.813 15.131L-39.576 15.131L-39.576 15.790Q-39.576 15.999-38.820 15.999L-38.820 16.279L-40.953 16.279L-40.953 15.999Q-40.198 15.999-40.198 15.790L-40.198 15.131M-40.150 12.406L-41.941 14.850L-40.150 14.850\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(93.325 -21.743)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-40.526 16.419Q-41.161 16.419-41.525 16.074Q-41.890 15.729-42.025 15.204Q-42.160 14.679-42.160 14.054Q-42.160 13.029-41.804 12.330Q-41.449 11.631-40.526 11.631Q-39.599 11.631-39.247 12.330Q-38.895 13.029-38.895 14.054Q-38.895 14.679-39.030 15.204Q-39.165 15.729-39.528 16.074Q-39.890 16.419-40.526 16.419M-40.526 16.194Q-40.088 16.194-39.875 15.819Q-39.661 15.445-39.611 14.978Q-39.562 14.512-39.562 13.934Q-39.562 13.381-39.611 12.953Q-39.661 12.526-39.873 12.191Q-40.085 11.856-40.526 11.856Q-40.868 11.856-41.071 12.063Q-41.274 12.270-41.361 12.582Q-41.449 12.895-41.471 13.211Q-41.493 13.528-41.493 13.934Q-41.493 14.351-41.471 14.693Q-41.449 15.035-41.360 15.383Q-41.271 15.732-41.066 15.963Q-40.861 16.194-40.526 16.194M-37.819 15.859Q-37.819 15.691-37.696 15.568Q-37.573 15.445-37.398 15.445Q-37.231 15.445-37.108 15.568Q-36.985 15.691-36.985 15.859Q-36.985 16.033-37.108 16.156Q-37.231 16.279-37.398 16.279Q-37.573 16.279-37.696 16.156Q-37.819 16.033-37.819 15.859M-32.945 16.279L-35.474 16.279L-35.474 15.999Q-34.507 15.999-34.507 15.790L-34.507 12.171Q-34.900 12.359-35.522 12.359L-35.522 12.078Q-35.105 12.078-34.741 11.977Q-34.377 11.877-34.120 11.631L-33.994 11.631Q-33.929 11.648-33.912 11.716L-33.912 15.790Q-33.912 15.999-32.945 15.999L-32.945 16.279M-30.299 16.419Q-30.935 16.419-31.299 16.074Q-31.663 15.729-31.798 15.204Q-31.933 14.679-31.933 14.054Q-31.933 13.029-31.578 12.330Q-31.222 11.631-30.299 11.631Q-29.373 11.631-29.021 12.330Q-28.669 13.029-28.669 14.054Q-28.669 14.679-28.804 15.204Q-28.939 15.729-29.301 16.074Q-29.663 16.419-30.299 16.419M-30.299 16.194Q-29.862 16.194-29.648 15.819Q-29.434 15.445-29.385 14.978Q-29.335 14.512-29.335 13.934Q-29.335 13.381-29.385 12.953Q-29.434 12.526-29.646 12.191Q-29.858 11.856-30.299 11.856Q-30.641 11.856-30.844 12.063Q-31.048 12.270-31.135 12.582Q-31.222 12.895-31.244 13.211Q-31.266 13.528-31.266 13.934Q-31.266 14.351-31.244 14.693Q-31.222 15.035-31.133 15.383Q-31.044 15.732-30.839 15.963Q-30.634 16.194-30.299 16.194M-26.871 16.071Q-26.871 15.565-26.741 15.057Q-26.611 14.550-26.374 14.088Q-26.136 13.627-25.801 13.206L-25.155 12.393L-25.969 12.393Q-26.553 12.393-26.950 12.401Q-27.346 12.410-27.370 12.430Q-27.473 12.547-27.551 13.073L-27.818 13.073L-27.572 11.549L-27.305 11.549L-27.305 11.569Q-27.305 11.637-27.230 11.680Q-27.155 11.723-27.076 11.730Q-26.885 11.754-26.690 11.760Q-26.495 11.767-26.304 11.769Q-26.112 11.771-25.914 11.771L-24.492 11.771L-24.492 11.959Q-24.502 12.007-24.513 12.017L-25.569 13.340Q-25.787 13.613-25.911 13.926Q-26.034 14.238-26.092 14.587Q-26.150 14.936-26.163 15.267Q-26.177 15.599-26.177 16.071Q-26.177 16.221-26.276 16.320Q-26.375 16.419-26.522 16.419Q-26.673 16.419-26.772 16.320Q-26.871 16.221-26.871 16.071\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"var(--tk-soft-warn)\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M77.554 16.28V4.044h15.934v12.234ZM93.488 4.044\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" d=\"M77.554 16.28V4.044h15.934v12.234ZM93.488 4.044\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(126.043 8.898)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-41.708 15.517L-41.739 15.517Q-41.602 15.814-41.305 15.990Q-41.008 16.166-40.680 16.166Q-40.317 16.166-40.090 15.988Q-39.863 15.811-39.769 15.522Q-39.675 15.233-39.675 14.871Q-39.675 14.556-39.729 14.271Q-39.784 13.986-39.957 13.780Q-40.129 13.575-40.444 13.575Q-40.717 13.575-40.900 13.642Q-41.083 13.709-41.187 13.798Q-41.291 13.886-41.387 13.996Q-41.483 14.105-41.527 14.115L-41.606 14.115Q-41.678 14.098-41.695 14.027L-41.695 11.709Q-41.695 11.675-41.671 11.653Q-41.647 11.631-41.613 11.631L-41.585 11.631Q-41.298 11.747-41.030 11.801Q-40.762 11.856-40.485 11.856Q-40.208 11.856-39.938 11.801Q-39.668 11.747-39.388 11.631L-39.364 11.631Q-39.329 11.631-39.306 11.654Q-39.282 11.678-39.282 11.709L-39.282 11.778Q-39.282 11.805-39.302 11.825Q-39.576 12.140-39.960 12.316Q-40.345 12.492-40.758 12.492Q-41.097 12.492-41.414 12.406L-41.414 13.688Q-41.018 13.353-40.444 13.353Q-40.040 13.353-39.704 13.563Q-39.367 13.774-39.174 14.126Q-38.981 14.478-38.981 14.878Q-38.981 15.209-39.121 15.495Q-39.261 15.780-39.505 15.990Q-39.750 16.200-40.052 16.310Q-40.355 16.419-40.673 16.419Q-41.032 16.419-41.358 16.255Q-41.684 16.091-41.879 15.799Q-42.074 15.507-42.074 15.144Q-42.074 14.994-41.968 14.888Q-41.862 14.782-41.708 14.782Q-41.555 14.782-41.450 14.886Q-41.346 14.990-41.346 15.144Q-41.346 15.301-41.450 15.409Q-41.555 15.517-41.708 15.517\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(118.932 -15.767)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-40.526 16.419Q-41.161 16.419-41.525 16.074Q-41.890 15.729-42.025 15.204Q-42.160 14.679-42.160 14.054Q-42.160 13.029-41.804 12.330Q-41.449 11.631-40.526 11.631Q-39.599 11.631-39.247 12.330Q-38.895 13.029-38.895 14.054Q-38.895 14.679-39.030 15.204Q-39.165 15.729-39.528 16.074Q-39.890 16.419-40.526 16.419M-40.526 16.194Q-40.088 16.194-39.875 15.819Q-39.661 15.445-39.611 14.978Q-39.562 14.512-39.562 13.934Q-39.562 13.381-39.611 12.953Q-39.661 12.526-39.873 12.191Q-40.085 11.856-40.526 11.856Q-40.868 11.856-41.071 12.063Q-41.274 12.270-41.361 12.582Q-41.449 12.895-41.471 13.211Q-41.493 13.528-41.493 13.934Q-41.493 14.351-41.471 14.693Q-41.449 15.035-41.360 15.383Q-41.271 15.732-41.066 15.963Q-40.861 16.194-40.526 16.194M-37.819 15.859Q-37.819 15.691-37.696 15.568Q-37.573 15.445-37.398 15.445Q-37.231 15.445-37.108 15.568Q-36.985 15.691-36.985 15.859Q-36.985 16.033-37.108 16.156Q-37.231 16.279-37.398 16.279Q-37.573 16.279-37.696 16.156Q-37.819 16.033-37.819 15.859M-34.281 16.419Q-34.917 16.419-35.281 16.074Q-35.645 15.729-35.780 15.204Q-35.915 14.679-35.915 14.054Q-35.915 13.029-35.559 12.330Q-35.204 11.631-34.281 11.631Q-33.355 11.631-33.003 12.330Q-32.651 13.029-32.651 14.054Q-32.651 14.679-32.786 15.204Q-32.921 15.729-33.283 16.074Q-33.645 16.419-34.281 16.419M-34.281 16.194Q-33.844 16.194-33.630 15.819Q-33.416 15.445-33.367 14.978Q-33.317 14.512-33.317 13.934Q-33.317 13.381-33.367 12.953Q-33.416 12.526-33.628 12.191Q-33.840 11.856-34.281 11.856Q-34.623 11.856-34.826 12.063Q-35.030 12.270-35.117 12.582Q-35.204 12.895-35.226 13.211Q-35.248 13.528-35.248 13.934Q-35.248 14.351-35.226 14.693Q-35.204 15.035-35.115 15.383Q-35.026 15.732-34.821 15.963Q-34.616 16.194-34.281 16.194M-30.853 16.071Q-30.853 15.565-30.723 15.057Q-30.593 14.550-30.356 14.088Q-30.118 13.627-29.783 13.206L-29.137 12.393L-29.951 12.393Q-30.535 12.393-30.932 12.401Q-31.328 12.410-31.352 12.430Q-31.454 12.547-31.533 13.073L-31.800 13.073L-31.554 11.549L-31.287 11.549L-31.287 11.569Q-31.287 11.637-31.212 11.680Q-31.137 11.723-31.058 11.730Q-30.867 11.754-30.672 11.760Q-30.477 11.767-30.286 11.769Q-30.094 11.771-29.896 11.771L-28.474 11.771L-28.474 11.959Q-28.484 12.007-28.494 12.017L-29.551 13.340Q-29.769 13.613-29.892 13.926Q-30.015 14.238-30.074 14.587Q-30.132 14.936-30.145 15.267Q-30.159 15.599-30.159 16.071Q-30.159 16.221-30.258 16.320Q-30.357 16.419-30.504 16.419Q-30.655 16.419-30.754 16.320Q-30.853 16.221-30.853 16.071M-24.981 16.279L-27.510 16.279L-27.510 15.999Q-26.543 15.999-26.543 15.790L-26.543 12.171Q-26.936 12.359-27.558 12.359L-27.558 12.078Q-27.141 12.078-26.777 11.977Q-26.413 11.877-26.157 11.631L-26.030 11.631Q-25.965 11.648-25.948 11.716L-25.948 15.790Q-25.948 15.999-24.981 15.999\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\">\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(128.725 -51.668)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-40.451 16.279L-42.187 16.279L-42.187 15.999Q-41.958 15.999-41.809 15.965Q-41.661 15.930-41.661 15.790L-41.661 13.941Q-41.661 13.671-41.768 13.610Q-41.876 13.548-42.187 13.548L-42.187 13.268L-41.158 13.193L-41.158 13.900Q-41.028 13.592-40.786 13.393Q-40.543 13.193-40.225 13.193Q-40.006 13.193-39.835 13.317Q-39.664 13.442-39.664 13.654Q-39.664 13.791-39.764 13.890Q-39.863 13.989-39.996 13.989Q-40.133 13.989-40.232 13.890Q-40.331 13.791-40.331 13.654Q-40.331 13.514-40.232 13.415Q-40.522 13.415-40.722 13.611Q-40.922 13.808-41.015 14.102Q-41.107 14.396-41.107 14.676L-41.107 15.790Q-41.107 15.999-40.451 15.999L-40.451 16.279M-39.121 14.744Q-39.121 14.423-38.996 14.134Q-38.871 13.845-38.646 13.622Q-38.420 13.398-38.125 13.278Q-37.829 13.158-37.511 13.158Q-37.183 13.158-36.921 13.258Q-36.660 13.357-36.484 13.539Q-36.308 13.722-36.214 13.980Q-36.120 14.238-36.120 14.570Q-36.120 14.662-36.202 14.683L-38.458 14.683L-38.458 14.744Q-38.458 15.332-38.174 15.715Q-37.890 16.098-37.323 16.098Q-37.002 16.098-36.734 15.905Q-36.465 15.712-36.376 15.397Q-36.369 15.356-36.294 15.342L-36.202 15.342Q-36.120 15.366-36.120 15.438Q-36.120 15.445-36.127 15.472Q-36.240 15.869-36.610 16.108Q-36.981 16.347-37.405 16.347Q-37.843 16.347-38.243 16.139Q-38.642 15.930-38.882 15.563Q-39.121 15.196-39.121 14.744M-38.451 14.474L-36.636 14.474Q-36.636 14.197-36.734 13.945Q-36.831 13.692-37.029 13.536Q-37.227 13.381-37.511 13.381Q-37.788 13.381-38.002 13.539Q-38.215 13.698-38.333 13.953Q-38.451 14.208-38.451 14.474M-33.943 16.252L-35.071 13.753Q-35.142 13.606-35.272 13.574Q-35.402 13.541-35.631 13.541L-35.631 13.261L-34.117 13.261L-34.117 13.541Q-34.469 13.541-34.469 13.688Q-34.469 13.733-34.459 13.753L-33.594 15.671L-32.815 13.941Q-32.781 13.873-32.781 13.794Q-32.781 13.681-32.864 13.611Q-32.948 13.541-33.068 13.541L-33.068 13.261L-31.871 13.261L-31.871 13.541Q-32.090 13.541-32.261 13.644Q-32.432 13.746-32.521 13.941L-33.557 16.252Q-33.604 16.347-33.710 16.347L-33.789 16.347Q-33.895 16.347-33.943 16.252\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(128.725 -51.668)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-31.576 14.744Q-31.576 14.423-31.451 14.134Q-31.326 13.845-31.100 13.622Q-30.875 13.398-30.579 13.278Q-30.284 13.158-29.966 13.158Q-29.638 13.158-29.376 13.258Q-29.115 13.357-28.939 13.539Q-28.763 13.722-28.669 13.980Q-28.575 14.238-28.575 14.570Q-28.575 14.662-28.657 14.683L-30.912 14.683L-30.912 14.744Q-30.912 15.332-30.629 15.715Q-30.345 16.098-29.778 16.098Q-29.456 16.098-29.188 15.905Q-28.920 15.712-28.831 15.397Q-28.824 15.356-28.749 15.342L-28.657 15.342Q-28.575 15.366-28.575 15.438Q-28.575 15.445-28.581 15.472Q-28.694 15.869-29.065 16.108Q-29.436 16.347-29.860 16.347Q-30.297 16.347-30.697 16.139Q-31.097 15.930-31.336 15.563Q-31.576 15.196-31.576 14.744M-30.906 14.474L-29.091 14.474Q-29.091 14.197-29.188 13.945Q-29.286 13.692-29.484 13.536Q-29.682 13.381-29.966 13.381Q-30.243 13.381-30.456 13.539Q-30.670 13.698-30.788 13.953Q-30.906 14.208-30.906 14.474M-26.237 16.279L-27.973 16.279L-27.973 15.999Q-27.744 15.999-27.595 15.965Q-27.447 15.930-27.447 15.790L-27.447 13.941Q-27.447 13.671-27.554 13.610Q-27.662 13.548-27.973 13.548L-27.973 13.268L-26.944 13.193L-26.944 13.900Q-26.814 13.592-26.572 13.393Q-26.329 13.193-26.011 13.193Q-25.792 13.193-25.621 13.317Q-25.451 13.442-25.451 13.654Q-25.451 13.791-25.550 13.890Q-25.649 13.989-25.782 13.989Q-25.919 13.989-26.018 13.890Q-26.117 13.791-26.117 13.654Q-26.117 13.514-26.018 13.415Q-26.308 13.415-26.508 13.611Q-26.708 13.808-26.801 14.102Q-26.893 14.396-26.893 14.676L-26.893 15.790Q-26.893 15.999-26.237 15.999L-26.237 16.279M-24.866 16.272L-24.866 15.209Q-24.866 15.185-24.839 15.158Q-24.811 15.131-24.787 15.131L-24.678 15.131Q-24.613 15.131-24.599 15.189Q-24.504 15.623-24.258 15.874Q-24.012 16.125-23.598 16.125Q-23.256 16.125-23.003 15.992Q-22.750 15.859-22.750 15.551Q-22.750 15.394-22.844 15.279Q-22.938 15.165-23.077 15.096Q-23.215 15.028-23.383 14.990L-23.964 14.891Q-24.319 14.823-24.593 14.602Q-24.866 14.382-24.866 14.040Q-24.866 13.791-24.755 13.616Q-24.644 13.442-24.458 13.343Q-24.271 13.244-24.056 13.201Q-23.841 13.158-23.598 13.158Q-23.184 13.158-22.904 13.340L-22.689 13.165Q-22.679 13.162-22.672 13.160Q-22.665 13.158-22.655 13.158L-22.603 13.158Q-22.576 13.158-22.552 13.182Q-22.528 13.206-22.528 13.234L-22.528 14.081Q-22.528 14.102-22.552 14.129Q-22.576 14.156-22.603 14.156L-22.716 14.156Q-22.744 14.156-22.769 14.131Q-22.795 14.105-22.795 14.081Q-22.795 13.845-22.901 13.681Q-23.007 13.517-23.190 13.435Q-23.372 13.353-23.605 13.353Q-23.933 13.353-24.189 13.456Q-24.446 13.558-24.446 13.835Q-24.446 14.030-24.263 14.139Q-24.080 14.249-23.851 14.290L-23.277 14.396Q-23.031 14.444-22.817 14.572Q-22.603 14.700-22.467 14.903Q-22.330 15.107-22.330 15.356Q-22.330 15.869-22.696 16.108Q-23.061 16.347-23.598 16.347Q-24.094 16.347-24.425 16.053L-24.692 16.327Q-24.712 16.347-24.740 16.347L-24.787 16.347Q-24.811 16.347-24.839 16.320Q-24.866 16.293-24.866 16.272M-21.742 14.744Q-21.742 14.423-21.617 14.134Q-21.493 13.845-21.267 13.622Q-21.041 13.398-20.746 13.278Q-20.450 13.158-20.132 13.158Q-19.804 13.158-19.543 13.258Q-19.281 13.357-19.105 13.539Q-18.929 13.722-18.835 13.980Q-18.741 14.238-18.741 14.570Q-18.741 14.662-18.823 14.683L-21.079 14.683L-21.079 14.744Q-21.079 15.332-20.795 15.715Q-20.512 16.098-19.944 16.098Q-19.623 16.098-19.355 15.905Q-19.086 15.712-18.997 15.397Q-18.991 15.356-18.915 15.342L-18.823 15.342Q-18.741 15.366-18.741 15.438Q-18.741 15.445-18.748 15.472Q-18.861 15.869-19.232 16.108Q-19.602 16.347-20.026 16.347Q-20.464 16.347-20.864 16.139Q-21.264 15.930-21.503 15.563Q-21.742 15.196-21.742 14.744M-21.072 14.474L-19.257 14.474Q-19.257 14.197-19.355 13.945Q-19.452 13.692-19.650 13.536Q-19.849 13.381-20.132 13.381Q-20.409 13.381-20.623 13.539Q-20.836 13.698-20.954 13.953Q-21.072 14.208-21.072 14.474\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(128.725 -51.668)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-14.882 15.886Q-14.598 16.194-14.099 16.194Q-13.874 16.194-13.704 16.057Q-13.535 15.920-13.446 15.705Q-13.357 15.489-13.357 15.264L-13.357 11.989Q-13.357 11.849-13.662 11.813Q-13.966 11.778-14.294 11.778L-14.294 11.497L-12.151 11.497L-12.151 11.778Q-12.380 11.778-12.535 11.813Q-12.691 11.849-12.691 11.989L-12.691 15.284Q-12.691 15.623-12.903 15.884Q-13.115 16.146-13.439 16.282Q-13.764 16.419-14.099 16.419Q-14.561 16.419-14.938 16.170Q-15.316 15.920-15.316 15.483Q-15.316 15.315-15.200 15.199Q-15.083 15.083-14.909 15.083Q-14.800 15.083-14.708 15.137Q-14.615 15.192-14.564 15.283Q-14.513 15.373-14.513 15.483Q-14.513 15.582-14.561 15.677Q-14.608 15.773-14.696 15.830Q-14.783 15.886-14.882 15.886\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fsvg>\u003Cfigcaption class=\"tikz-cap\">The worked Potts profile for "disappointing": the normalized share of the word at each star rating, [0.357, 0.286, 0.179, 0.107, 0.071], falling from 1 to 5 stars. The monotone descent is the reverse-J signature of a negative word.\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>","\u003Csvg style=\"width:100%;max-width:566.981px;height:auto\" xmlns=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg\" viewBox=\"-75 -75 425.236 78.871\">\u003Cg stroke=\"currentColor\" style=\"stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-width:.4\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-62.07-5.766v-54.906\"\u002F>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"m-62.07-62.672-1.6 3.2 1.6-1.2 1.6 1.2\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-62.07-5.766h94.74\"\u002F>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"m34.67-5.766-3.2-1.6 1.2 1.6-1.2 1.6\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(100.272 1.674)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-60.006-5.766L-61.742-5.766L-61.742-6.046Q-61.513-6.046-61.364-6.080Q-61.216-6.115-61.216-6.255L-61.216-8.104Q-61.216-8.374-61.323-8.435Q-61.431-8.497-61.742-8.497L-61.742-8.777L-60.713-8.852L-60.713-8.145Q-60.583-8.453-60.341-8.652Q-60.098-8.852-59.780-8.852Q-59.561-8.852-59.390-8.728Q-59.219-8.603-59.219-8.391Q-59.219-8.254-59.319-8.155Q-59.418-8.056-59.551-8.056Q-59.688-8.056-59.787-8.155Q-59.886-8.254-59.886-8.391Q-59.886-8.531-59.787-8.630Q-60.077-8.630-60.277-8.434Q-60.477-8.237-60.570-7.943Q-60.662-7.649-60.662-7.369L-60.662-6.255Q-60.662-6.046-60.006-6.046L-60.006-5.766M-58.577-6.494Q-58.577-6.826-58.353-7.053Q-58.129-7.280-57.786-7.408Q-57.442-7.537-57.070-7.589Q-56.697-7.642-56.393-7.642L-56.393-7.895Q-56.393-8.100-56.500-8.280Q-56.608-8.459-56.789-8.562Q-56.970-8.664-57.179-8.664Q-57.586-8.664-57.821-8.572Q-57.733-8.535-57.686-8.451Q-57.640-8.367-57.640-8.265Q-57.640-8.169-57.686-8.090Q-57.733-8.012-57.813-7.967Q-57.893-7.923-57.982-7.923Q-58.133-7.923-58.233-8.020Q-58.334-8.118-58.334-8.265Q-58.334-8.887-57.179-8.887Q-56.967-8.887-56.717-8.823Q-56.468-8.760-56.266-8.641Q-56.065-8.521-55.938-8.336Q-55.812-8.152-55.812-7.909L-55.812-6.333Q-55.812-6.217-55.750-6.121Q-55.689-6.026-55.576-6.026Q-55.466-6.026-55.402-6.120Q-55.337-6.214-55.337-6.333L-55.337-6.781L-55.070-6.781L-55.070-6.333Q-55.070-6.063-55.297-5.898Q-55.525-5.732-55.805-5.732Q-56.013-5.732-56.150-5.886Q-56.287-6.039-56.311-6.255Q-56.458-5.988-56.740-5.843Q-57.022-5.698-57.346-5.698Q-57.623-5.698-57.907-5.773Q-58.191-5.848-58.384-6.027Q-58.577-6.207-58.577-6.494M-57.962-6.494Q-57.962-6.320-57.861-6.190Q-57.760-6.060-57.604-5.990Q-57.449-5.920-57.285-5.920Q-57.066-5.920-56.858-6.017Q-56.649-6.115-56.521-6.296Q-56.393-6.477-56.393-6.703L-56.393-7.431Q-56.717-7.431-57.083-7.340Q-57.449-7.249-57.705-7.037Q-57.962-6.826-57.962-6.494M-54.127-6.607L-54.127-8.504L-54.766-8.504L-54.766-8.726Q-54.448-8.726-54.231-8.936Q-54.014-9.146-53.913-9.456Q-53.812-9.765-53.812-10.073L-53.546-10.073L-53.546-8.784L-52.469-8.784L-52.469-8.504L-53.546-8.504L-53.546-6.620Q-53.546-6.344-53.441-6.145Q-53.337-5.947-53.077-5.947Q-52.920-5.947-52.814-6.051Q-52.708-6.156-52.659-6.309Q-52.609-6.463-52.609-6.620L-52.609-7.034L-52.342-7.034L-52.342-6.607Q-52.342-6.381-52.442-6.171Q-52.541-5.961-52.725-5.829Q-52.910-5.698-53.139-5.698Q-53.576-5.698-53.851-5.935Q-54.127-6.173-54.127-6.607M-49.916-5.766L-51.467-5.766L-51.467-6.046Q-51.242-6.046-51.093-6.080Q-50.945-6.115-50.945-6.255L-50.945-8.104Q-50.945-8.292-50.992-8.376Q-51.040-8.459-51.138-8.478Q-51.235-8.497-51.447-8.497L-51.447-8.777L-50.391-8.852L-50.391-6.255Q-50.391-6.115-50.259-6.080Q-50.128-6.046-49.916-6.046L-49.916-5.766M-51.187-10.073Q-51.187-10.244-51.064-10.363Q-50.941-10.483-50.770-10.483Q-50.603-10.483-50.480-10.363Q-50.357-10.244-50.357-10.073Q-50.357-9.898-50.480-9.775Q-50.603-9.652-50.770-9.652Q-50.941-9.652-51.064-9.775Q-51.187-9.898-51.187-10.073M-47.588-5.766L-49.222-5.766L-49.222-6.046Q-48.993-6.046-48.844-6.080Q-48.695-6.115-48.695-6.255L-48.695-8.104Q-48.695-8.374-48.803-8.435Q-48.911-8.497-49.222-8.497L-49.222-8.777L-48.162-8.852L-48.162-8.203Q-47.991-8.511-47.687-8.682Q-47.383-8.852-47.038-8.852Q-46.532-8.852-46.248-8.629Q-45.965-8.405-45.965-7.909L-45.965-6.255Q-45.965-6.118-45.816-6.082Q-45.667-6.046-45.442-6.046L-45.442-5.766L-47.072-5.766L-47.072-6.046Q-46.843-6.046-46.694-6.080Q-46.546-6.115-46.546-6.255L-46.546-7.895Q-46.546-8.230-46.665-8.430Q-46.785-8.630-47.099-8.630Q-47.369-8.630-47.603-8.494Q-47.838-8.357-47.976-8.123Q-48.114-7.889-48.114-7.615L-48.114-6.255Q-48.114-6.118-47.964-6.082Q-47.814-6.046-47.588-6.046L-47.588-5.766M-44.895-5.233Q-44.895-5.479-44.698-5.663Q-44.502-5.848-44.245-5.927Q-44.382-6.039-44.454-6.200Q-44.526-6.361-44.526-6.542Q-44.526-6.863-44.314-7.109Q-44.649-7.407-44.649-7.817Q-44.649-8.278-44.259-8.565Q-43.869-8.852-43.391-8.852Q-42.919-8.852-42.584-8.606Q-42.410-8.760-42.200-8.842Q-41.989-8.924-41.760-8.924Q-41.596-8.924-41.475-8.817Q-41.354-8.709-41.354-8.545Q-41.354-8.449-41.425-8.377Q-41.497-8.306-41.590-8.306Q-41.689-8.306-41.759-8.379Q-41.829-8.453-41.829-8.552Q-41.829-8.606-41.815-8.637L-41.808-8.651Q-41.801-8.671-41.793-8.682Q-41.784-8.692-41.781-8.699Q-42.136-8.699-42.424-8.476Q-42.136-8.183-42.136-7.817Q-42.136-7.502-42.321-7.270Q-42.506-7.037-42.794-6.909Q-43.083-6.781-43.391-6.781Q-43.592-6.781-43.784-6.831Q-43.975-6.880-44.153-6.990Q-44.245-6.863-44.245-6.720Q-44.245-6.538-44.117-6.403Q-43.989-6.268-43.804-6.268L-43.172-6.268Q-42.724-6.268-42.355-6.197Q-41.986-6.125-41.726-5.896Q-41.466-5.667-41.466-5.233Q-41.466-4.912-41.762-4.710Q-42.058-4.508-42.461-4.419Q-42.864-4.330-43.179-4.330Q-43.497-4.330-43.900-4.419Q-44.303-4.508-44.599-4.710Q-44.895-4.912-44.895-5.233M-44.440-5.233Q-44.440-5.004-44.221-4.855Q-44.003-4.706-43.710-4.638Q-43.418-4.570-43.179-4.570Q-43.015-4.570-42.806-4.606Q-42.598-4.641-42.391-4.722Q-42.184-4.802-42.053-4.930Q-41.921-5.058-41.921-5.233Q-41.921-5.585-42.302-5.679Q-42.683-5.773-43.186-5.773L-43.804-5.773Q-44.044-5.773-44.242-5.622Q-44.440-5.472-44.440-5.233M-43.391-7.020Q-42.724-7.020-42.724-7.817Q-42.724-8.617-43.391-8.617Q-44.061-8.617-44.061-7.817Q-44.061-7.020-43.391-7.020\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M80.194-5.766v-54.906\"\u002F>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"m80.194-62.672-1.6 3.2 1.6-1.2 1.6 1.2\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M80.194-5.766h94.739\"\u002F>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"m176.933-5.766-3.2-1.6 1.2 1.6-1.2 1.6\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(242.536 1.674)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-60.006-5.766L-61.742-5.766L-61.742-6.046Q-61.513-6.046-61.364-6.080Q-61.216-6.115-61.216-6.255L-61.216-8.104Q-61.216-8.374-61.323-8.435Q-61.431-8.497-61.742-8.497L-61.742-8.777L-60.713-8.852L-60.713-8.145Q-60.583-8.453-60.341-8.652Q-60.098-8.852-59.780-8.852Q-59.561-8.852-59.390-8.728Q-59.219-8.603-59.219-8.391Q-59.219-8.254-59.319-8.155Q-59.418-8.056-59.551-8.056Q-59.688-8.056-59.787-8.155Q-59.886-8.254-59.886-8.391Q-59.886-8.531-59.787-8.630Q-60.077-8.630-60.277-8.434Q-60.477-8.237-60.570-7.943Q-60.662-7.649-60.662-7.369L-60.662-6.255Q-60.662-6.046-60.006-6.046L-60.006-5.766M-58.577-6.494Q-58.577-6.826-58.353-7.053Q-58.129-7.280-57.786-7.408Q-57.442-7.537-57.070-7.589Q-56.697-7.642-56.393-7.642L-56.393-7.895Q-56.393-8.100-56.500-8.280Q-56.608-8.459-56.789-8.562Q-56.970-8.664-57.179-8.664Q-57.586-8.664-57.821-8.572Q-57.733-8.535-57.686-8.451Q-57.640-8.367-57.640-8.265Q-57.640-8.169-57.686-8.090Q-57.733-8.012-57.813-7.967Q-57.893-7.923-57.982-7.923Q-58.133-7.923-58.233-8.020Q-58.334-8.118-58.334-8.265Q-58.334-8.887-57.179-8.887Q-56.967-8.887-56.717-8.823Q-56.468-8.760-56.266-8.641Q-56.065-8.521-55.938-8.336Q-55.812-8.152-55.812-7.909L-55.812-6.333Q-55.812-6.217-55.750-6.121Q-55.689-6.026-55.576-6.026Q-55.466-6.026-55.402-6.120Q-55.337-6.214-55.337-6.333L-55.337-6.781L-55.070-6.781L-55.070-6.333Q-55.070-6.063-55.297-5.898Q-55.525-5.732-55.805-5.732Q-56.013-5.732-56.150-5.886Q-56.287-6.039-56.311-6.255Q-56.458-5.988-56.740-5.843Q-57.022-5.698-57.346-5.698Q-57.623-5.698-57.907-5.773Q-58.191-5.848-58.384-6.027Q-58.577-6.207-58.577-6.494M-57.962-6.494Q-57.962-6.320-57.861-6.190Q-57.760-6.060-57.604-5.990Q-57.449-5.920-57.285-5.920Q-57.066-5.920-56.858-6.017Q-56.649-6.115-56.521-6.296Q-56.393-6.477-56.393-6.703L-56.393-7.431Q-56.717-7.431-57.083-7.340Q-57.449-7.249-57.705-7.037Q-57.962-6.826-57.962-6.494M-54.127-6.607L-54.127-8.504L-54.766-8.504L-54.766-8.726Q-54.448-8.726-54.231-8.936Q-54.014-9.146-53.913-9.456Q-53.812-9.765-53.812-10.073L-53.546-10.073L-53.546-8.784L-52.469-8.784L-52.469-8.504L-53.546-8.504L-53.546-6.620Q-53.546-6.344-53.441-6.145Q-53.337-5.947-53.077-5.947Q-52.920-5.947-52.814-6.051Q-52.708-6.156-52.659-6.309Q-52.609-6.463-52.609-6.620L-52.609-7.034L-52.342-7.034L-52.342-6.607Q-52.342-6.381-52.442-6.171Q-52.541-5.961-52.725-5.829Q-52.910-5.698-53.139-5.698Q-53.576-5.698-53.851-5.935Q-54.127-6.173-54.127-6.607M-49.916-5.766L-51.467-5.766L-51.467-6.046Q-51.242-6.046-51.093-6.080Q-50.945-6.115-50.945-6.255L-50.945-8.104Q-50.945-8.292-50.992-8.376Q-51.040-8.459-51.138-8.478Q-51.235-8.497-51.447-8.497L-51.447-8.777L-50.391-8.852L-50.391-6.255Q-50.391-6.115-50.259-6.080Q-50.128-6.046-49.916-6.046L-49.916-5.766M-51.187-10.073Q-51.187-10.244-51.064-10.363Q-50.941-10.483-50.770-10.483Q-50.603-10.483-50.480-10.363Q-50.357-10.244-50.357-10.073Q-50.357-9.898-50.480-9.775Q-50.603-9.652-50.770-9.652Q-50.941-9.652-51.064-9.775Q-51.187-9.898-51.187-10.073M-47.588-5.766L-49.222-5.766L-49.222-6.046Q-48.993-6.046-48.844-6.080Q-48.695-6.115-48.695-6.255L-48.695-8.104Q-48.695-8.374-48.803-8.435Q-48.911-8.497-49.222-8.497L-49.222-8.777L-48.162-8.852L-48.162-8.203Q-47.991-8.511-47.687-8.682Q-47.383-8.852-47.038-8.852Q-46.532-8.852-46.248-8.629Q-45.965-8.405-45.965-7.909L-45.965-6.255Q-45.965-6.118-45.816-6.082Q-45.667-6.046-45.442-6.046L-45.442-5.766L-47.072-5.766L-47.072-6.046Q-46.843-6.046-46.694-6.080Q-46.546-6.115-46.546-6.255L-46.546-7.895Q-46.546-8.230-46.665-8.430Q-46.785-8.630-47.099-8.630Q-47.369-8.630-47.603-8.494Q-47.838-8.357-47.976-8.123Q-48.114-7.889-48.114-7.615L-48.114-6.255Q-48.114-6.118-47.964-6.082Q-47.814-6.046-47.588-6.046L-47.588-5.766M-44.895-5.233Q-44.895-5.479-44.698-5.663Q-44.502-5.848-44.245-5.927Q-44.382-6.039-44.454-6.200Q-44.526-6.361-44.526-6.542Q-44.526-6.863-44.314-7.109Q-44.649-7.407-44.649-7.817Q-44.649-8.278-44.259-8.565Q-43.869-8.852-43.391-8.852Q-42.919-8.852-42.584-8.606Q-42.410-8.760-42.200-8.842Q-41.989-8.924-41.760-8.924Q-41.596-8.924-41.475-8.817Q-41.354-8.709-41.354-8.545Q-41.354-8.449-41.425-8.377Q-41.497-8.306-41.590-8.306Q-41.689-8.306-41.759-8.379Q-41.829-8.453-41.829-8.552Q-41.829-8.606-41.815-8.637L-41.808-8.651Q-41.801-8.671-41.793-8.682Q-41.784-8.692-41.781-8.699Q-42.136-8.699-42.424-8.476Q-42.136-8.183-42.136-7.817Q-42.136-7.502-42.321-7.270Q-42.506-7.037-42.794-6.909Q-43.083-6.781-43.391-6.781Q-43.592-6.781-43.784-6.831Q-43.975-6.880-44.153-6.990Q-44.245-6.863-44.245-6.720Q-44.245-6.538-44.117-6.403Q-43.989-6.268-43.804-6.268L-43.172-6.268Q-42.724-6.268-42.355-6.197Q-41.986-6.125-41.726-5.896Q-41.466-5.667-41.466-5.233Q-41.466-4.912-41.762-4.710Q-42.058-4.508-42.461-4.419Q-42.864-4.330-43.179-4.330Q-43.497-4.330-43.900-4.419Q-44.303-4.508-44.599-4.710Q-44.895-4.912-44.895-5.233M-44.440-5.233Q-44.440-5.004-44.221-4.855Q-44.003-4.706-43.710-4.638Q-43.418-4.570-43.179-4.570Q-43.015-4.570-42.806-4.606Q-42.598-4.641-42.391-4.722Q-42.184-4.802-42.053-4.930Q-41.921-5.058-41.921-5.233Q-41.921-5.585-42.302-5.679Q-42.683-5.773-43.186-5.773L-43.804-5.773Q-44.044-5.773-44.242-5.622Q-44.440-5.472-44.440-5.233M-43.391-7.020Q-42.724-7.020-42.724-7.817Q-42.724-8.617-43.391-8.617Q-44.061-8.617-44.061-7.817Q-44.061-7.020-43.391-7.020\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M222.458-5.766v-54.906\"\u002F>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"m222.458-62.672-1.6 3.2 1.6-1.2 1.6 1.2\"\u002F>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M222.458-5.766h94.739\"\u002F>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"m319.197-5.766-3.2-1.6 1.2 1.6-1.2 1.6\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(384.8 1.674)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-60.006-5.766L-61.742-5.766L-61.742-6.046Q-61.513-6.046-61.364-6.080Q-61.216-6.115-61.216-6.255L-61.216-8.104Q-61.216-8.374-61.323-8.435Q-61.431-8.497-61.742-8.497L-61.742-8.777L-60.713-8.852L-60.713-8.145Q-60.583-8.453-60.341-8.652Q-60.098-8.852-59.780-8.852Q-59.561-8.852-59.390-8.728Q-59.219-8.603-59.219-8.391Q-59.219-8.254-59.319-8.155Q-59.418-8.056-59.551-8.056Q-59.688-8.056-59.787-8.155Q-59.886-8.254-59.886-8.391Q-59.886-8.531-59.787-8.630Q-60.077-8.630-60.277-8.434Q-60.477-8.237-60.570-7.943Q-60.662-7.649-60.662-7.369L-60.662-6.255Q-60.662-6.046-60.006-6.046L-60.006-5.766M-58.577-6.494Q-58.577-6.826-58.353-7.053Q-58.129-7.280-57.786-7.408Q-57.442-7.537-57.070-7.589Q-56.697-7.642-56.393-7.642L-56.393-7.895Q-56.393-8.100-56.500-8.280Q-56.608-8.459-56.789-8.562Q-56.970-8.664-57.179-8.664Q-57.586-8.664-57.821-8.572Q-57.733-8.535-57.686-8.451Q-57.640-8.367-57.640-8.265Q-57.640-8.169-57.686-8.090Q-57.733-8.012-57.813-7.967Q-57.893-7.923-57.982-7.923Q-58.133-7.923-58.233-8.020Q-58.334-8.118-58.334-8.265Q-58.334-8.887-57.179-8.887Q-56.967-8.887-56.717-8.823Q-56.468-8.760-56.266-8.641Q-56.065-8.521-55.938-8.336Q-55.812-8.152-55.812-7.909L-55.812-6.333Q-55.812-6.217-55.750-6.121Q-55.689-6.026-55.576-6.026Q-55.466-6.026-55.402-6.120Q-55.337-6.214-55.337-6.333L-55.337-6.781L-55.070-6.781L-55.070-6.333Q-55.070-6.063-55.297-5.898Q-55.525-5.732-55.805-5.732Q-56.013-5.732-56.150-5.886Q-56.287-6.039-56.311-6.255Q-56.458-5.988-56.740-5.843Q-57.022-5.698-57.346-5.698Q-57.623-5.698-57.907-5.773Q-58.191-5.848-58.384-6.027Q-58.577-6.207-58.577-6.494M-57.962-6.494Q-57.962-6.320-57.861-6.190Q-57.760-6.060-57.604-5.990Q-57.449-5.920-57.285-5.920Q-57.066-5.920-56.858-6.017Q-56.649-6.115-56.521-6.296Q-56.393-6.477-56.393-6.703L-56.393-7.431Q-56.717-7.431-57.083-7.340Q-57.449-7.249-57.705-7.037Q-57.962-6.826-57.962-6.494M-54.127-6.607L-54.127-8.504L-54.766-8.504L-54.766-8.726Q-54.448-8.726-54.231-8.936Q-54.014-9.146-53.913-9.456Q-53.812-9.765-53.812-10.073L-53.546-10.073L-53.546-8.784L-52.469-8.784L-52.469-8.504L-53.546-8.504L-53.546-6.620Q-53.546-6.344-53.441-6.145Q-53.337-5.947-53.077-5.947Q-52.920-5.947-52.814-6.051Q-52.708-6.156-52.659-6.309Q-52.609-6.463-52.609-6.620L-52.609-7.034L-52.342-7.034L-52.342-6.607Q-52.342-6.381-52.442-6.171Q-52.541-5.961-52.725-5.829Q-52.910-5.698-53.139-5.698Q-53.576-5.698-53.851-5.935Q-54.127-6.173-54.127-6.607M-49.916-5.766L-51.467-5.766L-51.467-6.046Q-51.242-6.046-51.093-6.080Q-50.945-6.115-50.945-6.255L-50.945-8.104Q-50.945-8.292-50.992-8.376Q-51.040-8.459-51.138-8.478Q-51.235-8.497-51.447-8.497L-51.447-8.777L-50.391-8.852L-50.391-6.255Q-50.391-6.115-50.259-6.080Q-50.128-6.046-49.916-6.046L-49.916-5.766M-51.187-10.073Q-51.187-10.244-51.064-10.363Q-50.941-10.483-50.770-10.483Q-50.603-10.483-50.480-10.363Q-50.357-10.244-50.357-10.073Q-50.357-9.898-50.480-9.775Q-50.603-9.652-50.770-9.652Q-50.941-9.652-51.064-9.775Q-51.187-9.898-51.187-10.073M-47.588-5.766L-49.222-5.766L-49.222-6.046Q-48.993-6.046-48.844-6.080Q-48.695-6.115-48.695-6.255L-48.695-8.104Q-48.695-8.374-48.803-8.435Q-48.911-8.497-49.222-8.497L-49.222-8.777L-48.162-8.852L-48.162-8.203Q-47.991-8.511-47.687-8.682Q-47.383-8.852-47.038-8.852Q-46.532-8.852-46.248-8.629Q-45.965-8.405-45.965-7.909L-45.965-6.255Q-45.965-6.118-45.816-6.082Q-45.667-6.046-45.442-6.046L-45.442-5.766L-47.072-5.766L-47.072-6.046Q-46.843-6.046-46.694-6.080Q-46.546-6.115-46.546-6.255L-46.546-7.895Q-46.546-8.230-46.665-8.430Q-46.785-8.630-47.099-8.630Q-47.369-8.630-47.603-8.494Q-47.838-8.357-47.976-8.123Q-48.114-7.889-48.114-7.615L-48.114-6.255Q-48.114-6.118-47.964-6.082Q-47.814-6.046-47.588-6.046L-47.588-5.766M-44.895-5.233Q-44.895-5.479-44.698-5.663Q-44.502-5.848-44.245-5.927Q-44.382-6.039-44.454-6.200Q-44.526-6.361-44.526-6.542Q-44.526-6.863-44.314-7.109Q-44.649-7.407-44.649-7.817Q-44.649-8.278-44.259-8.565Q-43.869-8.852-43.391-8.852Q-42.919-8.852-42.584-8.606Q-42.410-8.760-42.200-8.842Q-41.989-8.924-41.760-8.924Q-41.596-8.924-41.475-8.817Q-41.354-8.709-41.354-8.545Q-41.354-8.449-41.425-8.377Q-41.497-8.306-41.590-8.306Q-41.689-8.306-41.759-8.379Q-41.829-8.453-41.829-8.552Q-41.829-8.606-41.815-8.637L-41.808-8.651Q-41.801-8.671-41.793-8.682Q-41.784-8.692-41.781-8.699Q-42.136-8.699-42.424-8.476Q-42.136-8.183-42.136-7.817Q-42.136-7.502-42.321-7.270Q-42.506-7.037-42.794-6.909Q-43.083-6.781-43.391-6.781Q-43.592-6.781-43.784-6.831Q-43.975-6.880-44.153-6.990Q-44.245-6.863-44.245-6.720Q-44.245-6.538-44.117-6.403Q-43.989-6.268-43.804-6.268L-43.172-6.268Q-42.724-6.268-42.355-6.197Q-41.986-6.125-41.726-5.896Q-41.466-5.667-41.466-5.233Q-41.466-4.912-41.762-4.710Q-42.058-4.508-42.461-4.419Q-42.864-4.330-43.179-4.330Q-43.497-4.330-43.900-4.419Q-44.303-4.508-44.599-4.710Q-44.895-4.912-44.895-5.233M-44.440-5.233Q-44.440-5.004-44.221-4.855Q-44.003-4.706-43.710-4.638Q-43.418-4.570-43.179-4.570Q-43.015-4.570-42.806-4.606Q-42.598-4.641-42.391-4.722Q-42.184-4.802-42.053-4.930Q-41.921-5.058-41.921-5.233Q-41.921-5.585-42.302-5.679Q-42.683-5.773-43.186-5.773L-43.804-5.773Q-44.044-5.773-44.242-5.622Q-44.440-5.472-44.440-5.233M-43.391-7.020Q-42.724-7.020-42.724-7.817Q-42.724-8.617-43.391-8.617Q-44.061-8.617-44.061-7.817Q-44.061-7.020-43.391-7.020\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" d=\"M-53.534-12.88s14.39-1.66 19.917-2.845c5.527-1.184 14.39-3.124 19.917-5.69 5.526-2.566 14.784-8.067 19.916-12.804s17.072-21.34 17.072-21.34\" style=\"stroke-width:1.2\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(23.872 -57.92)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-61.797-7.301Q-61.797-7.622-61.672-7.911Q-61.547-8.200-61.321-8.423Q-61.096-8.647-60.800-8.767Q-60.505-8.887-60.187-8.887Q-59.859-8.887-59.597-8.787Q-59.336-8.688-59.160-8.506Q-58.984-8.323-58.890-8.065Q-58.796-7.807-58.796-7.475Q-58.796-7.383-58.878-7.362L-61.133-7.362L-61.133-7.301Q-61.133-6.713-60.850-6.330Q-60.566-5.947-59.999-5.947Q-59.677-5.947-59.409-6.140Q-59.141-6.333-59.052-6.648Q-59.045-6.689-58.970-6.703L-58.878-6.703Q-58.796-6.679-58.796-6.607Q-58.796-6.600-58.802-6.573Q-58.915-6.176-59.286-5.937Q-59.657-5.698-60.081-5.698Q-60.518-5.698-60.918-5.906Q-61.318-6.115-61.557-6.482Q-61.797-6.849-61.797-7.301M-61.127-7.571L-59.312-7.571Q-59.312-7.848-59.409-8.100Q-59.507-8.353-59.705-8.509Q-59.903-8.664-60.187-8.664Q-60.464-8.664-60.677-8.506Q-60.891-8.347-61.009-8.092Q-61.127-7.837-61.127-7.571M-57.025-5.766L-58.348-5.766L-58.348-6.046Q-57.787-6.046-57.408-6.446L-56.694-7.243L-57.606-8.292Q-57.743-8.439-57.892-8.471Q-58.040-8.504-58.307-8.504L-58.307-8.784L-56.806-8.784L-56.806-8.504Q-56.998-8.504-56.998-8.370Q-56.998-8.340-56.967-8.292L-56.372-7.608L-55.931-8.104Q-55.819-8.234-55.819-8.350Q-55.819-8.412-55.856-8.458Q-55.894-8.504-55.952-8.504L-55.952-8.784L-54.636-8.784L-54.636-8.504Q-55.196-8.504-55.576-8.104L-56.198-7.403L-55.203-6.255Q-55.104-6.156-55.003-6.111Q-54.903-6.067-54.791-6.057Q-54.680-6.046-54.503-6.046L-54.503-5.766L-55.996-5.766L-55.996-6.046Q-55.931-6.046-55.872-6.080Q-55.812-6.115-55.812-6.180Q-55.812-6.227-55.842-6.255L-56.519-7.041L-57.052-6.446Q-57.165-6.316-57.165-6.200Q-57.165-6.135-57.124-6.091Q-57.083-6.046-57.025-6.046L-57.025-5.766M-54.007-7.277Q-54.007-7.605-53.872-7.906Q-53.737-8.206-53.501-8.427Q-53.265-8.647-52.961-8.767Q-52.657-8.887-52.332-8.887Q-51.826-8.887-51.478-8.784Q-51.129-8.682-51.129-8.306Q-51.129-8.159-51.226-8.058Q-51.324-7.957-51.471-7.957Q-51.625-7.957-51.724-8.056Q-51.823-8.155-51.823-8.306Q-51.823-8.494-51.683-8.586Q-51.884-8.637-52.325-8.637Q-52.681-8.637-52.910-8.441Q-53.139-8.244-53.240-7.935Q-53.341-7.625-53.341-7.277Q-53.341-6.928-53.214-6.622Q-53.088-6.316-52.833-6.132Q-52.578-5.947-52.223-5.947Q-52.001-5.947-51.816-6.031Q-51.632-6.115-51.497-6.270Q-51.362-6.426-51.303-6.634Q-51.290-6.689-51.235-6.689L-51.122-6.689Q-51.091-6.689-51.069-6.665Q-51.047-6.641-51.047-6.607L-51.047-6.586Q-51.133-6.299-51.320-6.101Q-51.508-5.903-51.773-5.800Q-52.038-5.698-52.332-5.698Q-52.763-5.698-53.151-5.904Q-53.539-6.111-53.773-6.474Q-54.007-6.836-54.007-7.277M-50.500-7.301Q-50.500-7.622-50.375-7.911Q-50.251-8.200-50.025-8.423Q-49.799-8.647-49.504-8.767Q-49.208-8.887-48.890-8.887Q-48.562-8.887-48.301-8.787Q-48.039-8.688-47.863-8.506Q-47.687-8.323-47.593-8.065Q-47.499-7.807-47.499-7.475Q-47.499-7.383-47.581-7.362L-49.837-7.362L-49.837-7.301Q-49.837-6.713-49.553-6.330Q-49.270-5.947-48.702-5.947Q-48.381-5.947-48.113-6.140Q-47.844-6.333-47.756-6.648Q-47.749-6.689-47.674-6.703L-47.581-6.703Q-47.499-6.679-47.499-6.607Q-47.499-6.600-47.506-6.573Q-47.619-6.176-47.990-5.937Q-48.361-5.698-48.784-5.698Q-49.222-5.698-49.622-5.906Q-50.022-6.115-50.261-6.482Q-50.500-6.849-50.500-7.301M-49.830-7.571L-48.015-7.571Q-48.015-7.848-48.113-8.100Q-48.210-8.353-48.408-8.509Q-48.607-8.664-48.890-8.664Q-49.167-8.664-49.381-8.506Q-49.594-8.347-49.712-8.092Q-49.830-7.837-49.830-7.571M-45.243-5.766L-46.846-5.766L-46.846-6.046Q-46.621-6.046-46.472-6.080Q-46.323-6.115-46.323-6.255L-46.323-9.874Q-46.323-10.144-46.431-10.206Q-46.539-10.267-46.846-10.267L-46.846-10.548L-45.770-10.623L-45.770-6.255Q-45.770-6.118-45.619-6.082Q-45.469-6.046-45.243-6.046L-45.243-5.766M-42.981-5.766L-44.584-5.766L-44.584-6.046Q-44.358-6.046-44.209-6.080Q-44.061-6.115-44.061-6.255L-44.061-9.874Q-44.061-10.144-44.168-10.206Q-44.276-10.267-44.584-10.267L-44.584-10.548L-43.507-10.623L-43.507-6.255Q-43.507-6.118-43.357-6.082Q-43.206-6.046-42.981-6.046L-42.981-5.766M-42.427-7.301Q-42.427-7.622-42.302-7.911Q-42.177-8.200-41.952-8.423Q-41.726-8.647-41.431-8.767Q-41.135-8.887-40.817-8.887Q-40.489-8.887-40.227-8.787Q-39.966-8.688-39.790-8.506Q-39.614-8.323-39.520-8.065Q-39.426-7.807-39.426-7.475Q-39.426-7.383-39.508-7.362L-41.764-7.362L-41.764-7.301Q-41.764-6.713-41.480-6.330Q-41.196-5.947-40.629-5.947Q-40.308-5.947-40.039-6.140Q-39.771-6.333-39.682-6.648Q-39.675-6.689-39.600-6.703L-39.508-6.703Q-39.426-6.679-39.426-6.607Q-39.426-6.600-39.433-6.573Q-39.546-6.176-39.916-5.937Q-40.287-5.698-40.711-5.698Q-41.149-5.698-41.549-5.906Q-41.948-6.115-42.188-6.482Q-42.427-6.849-42.427-7.301M-41.757-7.571L-39.942-7.571Q-39.942-7.848-40.039-8.100Q-40.137-8.353-40.335-8.509Q-40.533-8.664-40.817-8.664Q-41.094-8.664-41.308-8.506Q-41.521-8.347-41.639-8.092Q-41.757-7.837-41.757-7.571M-37.156-5.766L-38.790-5.766L-38.790-6.046Q-38.561-6.046-38.413-6.080Q-38.264-6.115-38.264-6.255L-38.264-8.104Q-38.264-8.374-38.372-8.435Q-38.479-8.497-38.790-8.497L-38.790-8.777L-37.731-8.852L-37.731-8.203Q-37.560-8.511-37.256-8.682Q-36.951-8.852-36.606-8.852Q-36.100-8.852-35.817-8.629Q-35.533-8.405-35.533-7.909L-35.533-6.255Q-35.533-6.118-35.384-6.082Q-35.236-6.046-35.010-6.046L-35.010-5.766L-36.640-5.766L-36.640-6.046Q-36.411-6.046-36.263-6.080Q-36.114-6.115-36.114-6.255L-36.114-7.895Q-36.114-8.230-36.234-8.430Q-36.353-8.630-36.668-8.630Q-36.938-8.630-37.172-8.494Q-37.406-8.357-37.544-8.123Q-37.683-7.889-37.683-7.615L-37.683-6.255Q-37.683-6.118-37.532-6.082Q-37.382-6.046-37.156-6.046\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(23.872 -57.92)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-34.076-6.607L-34.076-8.504L-34.715-8.504L-34.715-8.726Q-34.397-8.726-34.180-8.936Q-33.963-9.146-33.863-9.456Q-33.762-9.765-33.762-10.073L-33.495-10.073L-33.495-8.784L-32.418-8.784L-32.418-8.504L-33.495-8.504L-33.495-6.620Q-33.495-6.344-33.391-6.145Q-33.287-5.947-33.027-5.947Q-32.870-5.947-32.764-6.051Q-32.658-6.156-32.608-6.309Q-32.559-6.463-32.559-6.620L-32.559-7.034L-32.292-7.034L-32.292-6.607Q-32.292-6.381-32.391-6.171Q-32.490-5.961-32.675-5.829Q-32.859-5.698-33.088-5.698Q-33.526-5.698-33.801-5.935Q-34.076-6.173-34.076-6.607\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(23.872 -57.92)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-26.654-4.016Q-27.204-4.416-27.575-4.971Q-27.946-5.527-28.127-6.173Q-28.308-6.819-28.308-7.516Q-28.308-8.029-28.208-8.524Q-28.107-9.020-27.902-9.471Q-27.697-9.922-27.384-10.314Q-27.071-10.705-26.654-11.009Q-26.644-11.013-26.637-11.014Q-26.630-11.016-26.620-11.016L-26.552-11.016Q-26.517-11.016-26.495-10.992Q-26.473-10.968-26.473-10.931Q-26.473-10.886-26.500-10.869Q-26.849-10.568-27.102-10.184Q-27.355-9.799-27.507-9.358Q-27.659-8.917-27.731-8.461Q-27.803-8.005-27.803-7.516Q-27.803-6.515-27.493-5.628Q-27.184-4.741-26.500-4.156Q-26.473-4.139-26.473-4.095Q-26.473-4.057-26.495-4.033Q-26.517-4.009-26.552-4.009L-26.620-4.009Q-26.627-4.013-26.635-4.014Q-26.644-4.016-26.654-4.016M-25.109-6.159Q-24.826-5.851-24.327-5.851Q-24.101-5.851-23.932-5.988Q-23.763-6.125-23.674-6.340Q-23.585-6.556-23.585-6.781L-23.585-10.056Q-23.585-10.196-23.889-10.232Q-24.193-10.267-24.521-10.267L-24.521-10.548L-22.378-10.548L-22.378-10.267Q-22.607-10.267-22.763-10.232Q-22.918-10.196-22.918-10.056L-22.918-6.761Q-22.918-6.422-23.130-6.161Q-23.342-5.899-23.667-5.763Q-23.992-5.626-24.327-5.626Q-24.788-5.626-25.166-5.875Q-25.543-6.125-25.543-6.562Q-25.543-6.730-25.427-6.846Q-25.311-6.962-25.137-6.962Q-25.027-6.962-24.935-6.908Q-24.843-6.853-24.791-6.762Q-24.740-6.672-24.740-6.562Q-24.740-6.463-24.788-6.368Q-24.836-6.272-24.923-6.215Q-25.010-6.159-25.109-6.159M-21.261-4.009L-21.329-4.009Q-21.363-4.009-21.385-4.035Q-21.408-4.060-21.408-4.095Q-21.408-4.139-21.377-4.156Q-21.021-4.460-20.772-4.850Q-20.522-5.240-20.370-5.672Q-20.218-6.104-20.148-6.573Q-20.078-7.041-20.078-7.516Q-20.078-7.995-20.148-8.461Q-20.218-8.928-20.372-9.363Q-20.526-9.799-20.777-10.187Q-21.028-10.575-21.377-10.869Q-21.408-10.886-21.408-10.931Q-21.408-10.965-21.385-10.990Q-21.363-11.016-21.329-11.016L-21.261-11.016Q-21.250-11.016-21.242-11.014Q-21.233-11.013-21.223-11.009Q-20.680-10.609-20.307-10.056Q-19.934-9.502-19.753-8.856Q-19.572-8.210-19.572-7.516Q-19.572-6.815-19.753-6.168Q-19.934-5.520-20.309-4.966Q-20.683-4.412-21.223-4.016Q-21.233-4.016-21.242-4.014Q-21.250-4.013-21.261-4.009\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" d=\"M88.73-55.559s14.39 16.603 19.916 21.34c5.527 4.737 14.39 10.238 19.917 12.804s14.785 4.506 19.917 5.69 17.072 2.846 17.072 2.846\" style=\"stroke-width:1.2\"\u002F>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\">\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(161.77 -57.92)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-61.229-6.607L-61.229-8.504L-61.868-8.504L-61.868-8.726Q-61.550-8.726-61.333-8.936Q-61.116-9.146-61.016-9.456Q-60.915-9.765-60.915-10.073L-60.648-10.073L-60.648-8.784L-59.571-8.784L-59.571-8.504L-60.648-8.504L-60.648-6.620Q-60.648-6.344-60.544-6.145Q-60.440-5.947-60.180-5.947Q-60.023-5.947-59.917-6.051Q-59.811-6.156-59.761-6.309Q-59.712-6.463-59.712-6.620L-59.712-7.034L-59.445-7.034L-59.445-6.607Q-59.445-6.381-59.544-6.171Q-59.643-5.961-59.828-5.829Q-60.012-5.698-60.241-5.698Q-60.679-5.698-60.954-5.935Q-61.229-6.173-61.229-6.607M-58.676-7.301Q-58.676-7.622-58.551-7.911Q-58.426-8.200-58.201-8.423Q-57.975-8.647-57.680-8.767Q-57.384-8.887-57.066-8.887Q-56.738-8.887-56.476-8.787Q-56.215-8.688-56.039-8.506Q-55.863-8.323-55.769-8.065Q-55.675-7.807-55.675-7.475Q-55.675-7.383-55.757-7.362L-58.013-7.362L-58.013-7.301Q-58.013-6.713-57.729-6.330Q-57.445-5.947-56.878-5.947Q-56.557-5.947-56.289-6.140Q-56.020-6.333-55.931-6.648Q-55.924-6.689-55.849-6.703L-55.757-6.703Q-55.675-6.679-55.675-6.607Q-55.675-6.600-55.682-6.573Q-55.795-6.176-56.165-5.937Q-56.536-5.698-56.960-5.698Q-57.398-5.698-57.798-5.906Q-58.197-6.115-58.437-6.482Q-58.676-6.849-58.676-7.301M-58.006-7.571L-56.191-7.571Q-56.191-7.848-56.289-8.100Q-56.386-8.353-56.584-8.509Q-56.782-8.664-57.066-8.664Q-57.343-8.664-57.557-8.506Q-57.770-8.347-57.888-8.092Q-58.006-7.837-58.006-7.571M-53.337-5.766L-55.073-5.766L-55.073-6.046Q-54.844-6.046-54.696-6.080Q-54.547-6.115-54.547-6.255L-54.547-8.104Q-54.547-8.374-54.655-8.435Q-54.762-8.497-55.073-8.497L-55.073-8.777L-54.045-8.852L-54.045-8.145Q-53.915-8.453-53.672-8.652Q-53.429-8.852-53.112-8.852Q-52.893-8.852-52.722-8.728Q-52.551-8.603-52.551-8.391Q-52.551-8.254-52.650-8.155Q-52.749-8.056-52.883-8.056Q-53.019-8.056-53.118-8.155Q-53.217-8.254-53.217-8.391Q-53.217-8.531-53.118-8.630Q-53.409-8.630-53.609-8.434Q-53.809-8.237-53.901-7.943Q-53.993-7.649-53.993-7.369L-53.993-6.255Q-53.993-6.046-53.337-6.046L-53.337-5.766M-50.216-5.766L-51.953-5.766L-51.953-6.046Q-51.724-6.046-51.575-6.080Q-51.426-6.115-51.426-6.255L-51.426-8.104Q-51.426-8.374-51.534-8.435Q-51.642-8.497-51.953-8.497L-51.953-8.777L-50.924-8.852L-50.924-8.145Q-50.794-8.453-50.551-8.652Q-50.309-8.852-49.991-8.852Q-49.772-8.852-49.601-8.728Q-49.430-8.603-49.430-8.391Q-49.430-8.254-49.529-8.155Q-49.629-8.056-49.762-8.056Q-49.899-8.056-49.998-8.155Q-50.097-8.254-50.097-8.391Q-50.097-8.531-49.998-8.630Q-50.288-8.630-50.488-8.434Q-50.688-8.237-50.780-7.943Q-50.873-7.649-50.873-7.369L-50.873-6.255Q-50.873-6.046-50.216-6.046L-50.216-5.766M-47.229-5.766L-48.781-5.766L-48.781-6.046Q-48.555-6.046-48.407-6.080Q-48.258-6.115-48.258-6.255L-48.258-8.104Q-48.258-8.292-48.306-8.376Q-48.354-8.459-48.451-8.478Q-48.549-8.497-48.760-8.497L-48.760-8.777L-47.704-8.852L-47.704-6.255Q-47.704-6.115-47.573-6.080Q-47.441-6.046-47.229-6.046L-47.229-5.766M-48.501-10.073Q-48.501-10.244-48.378-10.363Q-48.255-10.483-48.084-10.483Q-47.916-10.483-47.793-10.363Q-47.670-10.244-47.670-10.073Q-47.670-9.898-47.793-9.775Q-47.916-9.652-48.084-9.652Q-48.255-9.652-48.378-9.775Q-48.501-9.898-48.501-10.073M-45.777-5.766L-46.043-5.766L-46.043-9.874Q-46.043-10.144-46.151-10.206Q-46.258-10.267-46.570-10.267L-46.570-10.548L-45.489-10.623L-45.489-8.453Q-45.281-8.644-44.996-8.748Q-44.710-8.852-44.413-8.852Q-44.095-8.852-43.798-8.731Q-43.500-8.610-43.278-8.394Q-43.056-8.179-42.929-7.894Q-42.803-7.608-42.803-7.277Q-42.803-6.832-43.042-6.468Q-43.281-6.104-43.674-5.901Q-44.068-5.698-44.512-5.698Q-44.707-5.698-44.896-5.754Q-45.086-5.810-45.247-5.915Q-45.407-6.019-45.548-6.180L-45.777-5.766M-45.462-8.111L-45.462-6.494Q-45.325-6.234-45.084-6.077Q-44.843-5.920-44.567-5.920Q-44.273-5.920-44.061-6.027Q-43.849-6.135-43.716-6.327Q-43.582-6.518-43.524-6.757Q-43.466-6.996-43.466-7.277Q-43.466-7.636-43.560-7.940Q-43.654-8.244-43.881-8.437Q-44.109-8.630-44.474-8.630Q-44.775-8.630-45.042-8.494Q-45.308-8.357-45.462-8.111M-40.499-5.766L-42.102-5.766L-42.102-6.046Q-41.877-6.046-41.728-6.080Q-41.579-6.115-41.579-6.255L-41.579-9.874Q-41.579-10.144-41.687-10.206Q-41.795-10.267-42.102-10.267L-42.102-10.548L-41.026-10.623L-41.026-6.255Q-41.026-6.118-40.875-6.082Q-40.725-6.046-40.499-6.046L-40.499-5.766M-39.945-7.301Q-39.945-7.622-39.821-7.911Q-39.696-8.200-39.470-8.423Q-39.245-8.647-38.949-8.767Q-38.653-8.887-38.336-8.887Q-38.008-8.887-37.746-8.787Q-37.485-8.688-37.309-8.506Q-37.133-8.323-37.039-8.065Q-36.945-7.807-36.945-7.475Q-36.945-7.383-37.027-7.362L-39.282-7.362L-39.282-7.301Q-39.282-6.713-38.999-6.330Q-38.715-5.947-38.148-5.947Q-37.826-5.947-37.558-6.140Q-37.290-6.333-37.201-6.648Q-37.194-6.689-37.119-6.703L-37.027-6.703Q-36.945-6.679-36.945-6.607Q-36.945-6.600-36.951-6.573Q-37.064-6.176-37.435-5.937Q-37.806-5.698-38.230-5.698Q-38.667-5.698-39.067-5.906Q-39.467-6.115-39.706-6.482Q-39.945-6.849-39.945-7.301M-39.276-7.571L-37.461-7.571Q-37.461-7.848-37.558-8.100Q-37.655-8.353-37.854-8.509Q-38.052-8.664-38.336-8.664Q-38.612-8.664-38.826-8.506Q-39.040-8.347-39.158-8.092Q-39.276-7.837-39.276-7.571\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(161.77 -57.92)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-31.501-4.016Q-32.051-4.416-32.422-4.971Q-32.793-5.527-32.974-6.173Q-33.155-6.819-33.155-7.516Q-33.155-8.029-33.055-8.524Q-32.954-9.020-32.749-9.471Q-32.544-9.922-32.231-10.314Q-31.918-10.705-31.501-11.009Q-31.491-11.013-31.484-11.014Q-31.477-11.016-31.467-11.016L-31.399-11.016Q-31.364-11.016-31.342-10.992Q-31.320-10.968-31.320-10.931Q-31.320-10.886-31.347-10.869Q-31.696-10.568-31.949-10.184Q-32.202-9.799-32.354-9.358Q-32.506-8.917-32.578-8.461Q-32.650-8.005-32.650-7.516Q-32.650-6.515-32.340-5.628Q-32.031-4.741-31.347-4.156Q-31.320-4.139-31.320-4.095Q-31.320-4.057-31.342-4.033Q-31.364-4.009-31.399-4.009L-31.467-4.009Q-31.474-4.013-31.482-4.014Q-31.491-4.016-31.501-4.016M-28.760-5.766L-30.496-5.766L-30.496-6.046Q-30.267-6.046-30.119-6.080Q-29.970-6.115-29.970-6.255L-29.970-8.104Q-29.970-8.374-30.078-8.435Q-30.185-8.497-30.496-8.497L-30.496-8.777L-29.467-8.852L-29.467-8.145Q-29.338-8.453-29.095-8.652Q-28.852-8.852-28.534-8.852Q-28.316-8.852-28.145-8.728Q-27.974-8.603-27.974-8.391Q-27.974-8.254-28.073-8.155Q-28.172-8.056-28.305-8.056Q-28.442-8.056-28.541-8.155Q-28.640-8.254-28.640-8.391Q-28.640-8.531-28.541-8.630Q-28.832-8.630-29.032-8.434Q-29.232-8.237-29.324-7.943Q-29.416-7.649-29.416-7.369L-29.416-6.255Q-29.416-6.046-28.760-6.046L-28.760-5.766M-27.430-7.301Q-27.430-7.622-27.306-7.911Q-27.181-8.200-26.955-8.423Q-26.730-8.647-26.434-8.767Q-26.138-8.887-25.820-8.887Q-25.492-8.887-25.231-8.787Q-24.969-8.688-24.793-8.506Q-24.617-8.323-24.523-8.065Q-24.429-7.807-24.429-7.475Q-24.429-7.383-24.511-7.362L-26.767-7.362L-26.767-7.301Q-26.767-6.713-26.484-6.330Q-26.200-5.947-25.633-5.947Q-25.311-5.947-25.043-6.140Q-24.775-6.333-24.686-6.648Q-24.679-6.689-24.604-6.703L-24.511-6.703Q-24.429-6.679-24.429-6.607Q-24.429-6.600-24.436-6.573Q-24.549-6.176-24.920-5.937Q-25.291-5.698-25.715-5.698Q-26.152-5.698-26.552-5.906Q-26.952-6.115-27.191-6.482Q-27.430-6.849-27.430-7.301M-26.760-7.571L-24.945-7.571Q-24.945-7.848-25.043-8.100Q-25.140-8.353-25.339-8.509Q-25.537-8.664-25.820-8.664Q-26.097-8.664-26.311-8.506Q-26.525-8.347-26.643-8.092Q-26.760-7.837-26.760-7.571M-22.252-5.793L-23.380-8.292Q-23.452-8.439-23.582-8.471Q-23.712-8.504-23.941-8.504L-23.941-8.784L-22.426-8.784L-22.426-8.504Q-22.778-8.504-22.778-8.357Q-22.778-8.312-22.768-8.292L-21.903-6.374L-21.124-8.104Q-21.090-8.172-21.090-8.251Q-21.090-8.364-21.174-8.434Q-21.258-8.504-21.377-8.504L-21.377-8.784L-20.181-8.784L-20.181-8.504Q-20.400-8.504-20.570-8.401Q-20.741-8.299-20.830-8.104L-21.866-5.793Q-21.914-5.698-22.020-5.698L-22.098-5.698Q-22.204-5.698-22.252-5.793\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(161.77 -57.92)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-16.375-6.159Q-16.091-5.851-15.592-5.851Q-15.367-5.851-15.197-5.988Q-15.028-6.125-14.939-6.340Q-14.850-6.556-14.850-6.781L-14.850-10.056Q-14.850-10.196-15.155-10.232Q-15.459-10.267-15.787-10.267L-15.787-10.548L-13.644-10.548L-13.644-10.267Q-13.873-10.267-14.028-10.232Q-14.184-10.196-14.184-10.056L-14.184-6.761Q-14.184-6.422-14.396-6.161Q-14.608-5.899-14.932-5.763Q-15.257-5.626-15.592-5.626Q-16.054-5.626-16.431-5.875Q-16.809-6.125-16.809-6.562Q-16.809-6.730-16.693-6.846Q-16.576-6.962-16.402-6.962Q-16.293-6.962-16.201-6.908Q-16.108-6.853-16.057-6.762Q-16.006-6.672-16.006-6.562Q-16.006-6.463-16.054-6.368Q-16.101-6.272-16.189-6.215Q-16.276-6.159-16.375-6.159M-12.526-4.009L-12.595-4.009Q-12.629-4.009-12.651-4.035Q-12.673-4.060-12.673-4.095Q-12.673-4.139-12.642-4.156Q-12.287-4.460-12.037-4.850Q-11.788-5.240-11.636-5.672Q-11.484-6.104-11.414-6.573Q-11.344-7.041-11.344-7.516Q-11.344-7.995-11.414-8.461Q-11.484-8.928-11.638-9.363Q-11.791-9.799-12.043-10.187Q-12.294-10.575-12.642-10.869Q-12.673-10.886-12.673-10.931Q-12.673-10.965-12.651-10.990Q-12.629-11.016-12.595-11.016L-12.526-11.016Q-12.516-11.016-12.507-11.014Q-12.499-11.013-12.489-11.009Q-11.945-10.609-11.573-10.056Q-11.200-9.502-11.019-8.856Q-10.838-8.210-10.838-7.516Q-10.838-6.815-11.019-6.168Q-11.200-5.520-11.574-4.966Q-11.949-4.412-12.489-4.016Q-12.499-4.016-12.507-4.014Q-12.516-4.013-12.526-4.009\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"m230.993-14.302 19.917-17.072c5.527-4.737 14.39-17.071 19.917-17.071s14.785 12.531 19.917 17.071 17.072 15.65 17.072 15.65\" style=\"stroke-width:1.2\"\u002F>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(307.375 -57.92)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-61.797-5.233Q-61.797-5.479-61.600-5.663Q-61.403-5.848-61.147-5.927Q-61.284-6.039-61.356-6.200Q-61.427-6.361-61.427-6.542Q-61.427-6.863-61.216-7.109Q-61.550-7.407-61.550-7.817Q-61.550-8.278-61.161-8.565Q-60.771-8.852-60.293-8.852Q-59.821-8.852-59.486-8.606Q-59.312-8.760-59.101-8.842Q-58.891-8.924-58.662-8.924Q-58.498-8.924-58.377-8.817Q-58.256-8.709-58.256-8.545Q-58.256-8.449-58.327-8.377Q-58.399-8.306-58.491-8.306Q-58.591-8.306-58.661-8.379Q-58.731-8.453-58.731-8.552Q-58.731-8.606-58.717-8.637L-58.710-8.651Q-58.703-8.671-58.695-8.682Q-58.686-8.692-58.683-8.699Q-59.038-8.699-59.325-8.476Q-59.038-8.183-59.038-7.817Q-59.038-7.502-59.223-7.270Q-59.407-7.037-59.696-6.909Q-59.985-6.781-60.293-6.781Q-60.494-6.781-60.686-6.831Q-60.877-6.880-61.055-6.990Q-61.147-6.863-61.147-6.720Q-61.147-6.538-61.019-6.403Q-60.891-6.268-60.706-6.268L-60.074-6.268Q-59.626-6.268-59.257-6.197Q-58.888-6.125-58.628-5.896Q-58.368-5.667-58.368-5.233Q-58.368-4.912-58.664-4.710Q-58.960-4.508-59.363-4.419Q-59.766-4.330-60.081-4.330Q-60.399-4.330-60.802-4.419Q-61.205-4.508-61.501-4.710Q-61.797-4.912-61.797-5.233M-61.342-5.233Q-61.342-5.004-61.123-4.855Q-60.904-4.706-60.612-4.638Q-60.320-4.570-60.081-4.570Q-59.917-4.570-59.708-4.606Q-59.500-4.641-59.293-4.722Q-59.086-4.802-58.955-4.930Q-58.823-5.058-58.823-5.233Q-58.823-5.585-59.204-5.679Q-59.585-5.773-60.088-5.773L-60.706-5.773Q-60.945-5.773-61.144-5.622Q-61.342-5.472-61.342-5.233M-60.293-7.020Q-59.626-7.020-59.626-7.817Q-59.626-8.617-60.293-8.617Q-60.963-8.617-60.963-7.817Q-60.963-7.020-60.293-7.020M-57.815-7.249Q-57.815-7.591-57.680-7.890Q-57.545-8.189-57.305-8.413Q-57.066-8.637-56.748-8.762Q-56.430-8.887-56.099-8.887Q-55.654-8.887-55.255-8.671Q-54.855-8.456-54.621-8.078Q-54.386-7.701-54.386-7.249Q-54.386-6.908-54.528-6.624Q-54.670-6.340-54.914-6.133Q-55.159-5.927-55.468-5.812Q-55.778-5.698-56.099-5.698Q-56.529-5.698-56.931-5.899Q-57.333-6.101-57.574-6.453Q-57.815-6.805-57.815-7.249M-56.099-5.947Q-55.497-5.947-55.273-6.325Q-55.049-6.703-55.049-7.335Q-55.049-7.947-55.284-8.306Q-55.518-8.664-56.099-8.664Q-57.152-8.664-57.152-7.335Q-57.152-6.703-56.926-6.325Q-56.700-5.947-56.099-5.947\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(307.375 -57.92)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-53.609-7.249Q-53.609-7.591-53.474-7.890Q-53.339-8.189-53.099-8.413Q-52.860-8.637-52.542-8.762Q-52.224-8.887-51.893-8.887Q-51.448-8.887-51.049-8.671Q-50.649-8.456-50.414-8.078Q-50.180-7.701-50.180-7.249Q-50.180-6.908-50.322-6.624Q-50.464-6.340-50.708-6.133Q-50.953-5.927-51.262-5.812Q-51.571-5.698-51.893-5.698Q-52.323-5.698-52.725-5.899Q-53.127-6.101-53.368-6.453Q-53.609-6.805-53.609-7.249M-51.893-5.947Q-51.291-5.947-51.067-6.325Q-50.843-6.703-50.843-7.335Q-50.843-7.947-51.078-8.306Q-51.312-8.664-51.893-8.664Q-52.945-8.664-52.945-7.335Q-52.945-6.703-52.720-6.325Q-52.494-5.947-51.893-5.947\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(307.375 -57.92)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-49.367-7.277Q-49.367-7.615-49.226-7.906Q-49.086-8.196-48.842-8.410Q-48.598-8.623-48.293-8.738Q-47.989-8.852-47.664-8.852Q-47.394-8.852-47.131-8.753Q-46.868-8.654-46.677-8.476L-46.677-9.874Q-46.677-10.144-46.784-10.206Q-46.892-10.267-47.203-10.267L-47.203-10.548L-46.126-10.623L-46.126-6.439Q-46.126-6.251-46.072-6.168Q-46.017-6.084-45.916-6.065Q-45.815-6.046-45.600-6.046L-45.600-5.766L-46.707-5.698L-46.707-6.115Q-47.124-5.698-47.750-5.698Q-48.181-5.698-48.553-5.910Q-48.926-6.121-49.146-6.482Q-49.367-6.843-49.367-7.277M-47.692-5.920Q-47.483-5.920-47.297-5.992Q-47.111-6.063-46.957-6.200Q-46.803-6.337-46.707-6.515L-46.707-8.124Q-46.793-8.271-46.938-8.391Q-47.083-8.511-47.253-8.570Q-47.422-8.630-47.603-8.630Q-48.163-8.630-48.432-8.241Q-48.700-7.851-48.700-7.270Q-48.700-6.699-48.466-6.309Q-48.232-5.920-47.692-5.920\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(307.375 -57.92)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-40.126-4.016Q-40.676-4.416-41.047-4.971Q-41.418-5.527-41.599-6.173Q-41.780-6.819-41.780-7.516Q-41.780-8.029-41.680-8.524Q-41.579-9.020-41.374-9.471Q-41.169-9.922-40.856-10.314Q-40.543-10.705-40.126-11.009Q-40.116-11.013-40.109-11.014Q-40.102-11.016-40.092-11.016L-40.024-11.016Q-39.989-11.016-39.967-10.992Q-39.945-10.968-39.945-10.931Q-39.945-10.886-39.972-10.869Q-40.321-10.568-40.574-10.184Q-40.827-9.799-40.979-9.358Q-41.131-8.917-41.203-8.461Q-41.275-8.005-41.275-7.516Q-41.275-6.515-40.965-5.628Q-40.656-4.741-39.972-4.156Q-39.945-4.139-39.945-4.095Q-39.945-4.057-39.967-4.033Q-39.989-4.009-40.024-4.009L-40.092-4.009Q-40.099-4.013-40.107-4.014Q-40.116-4.016-40.126-4.016M-37.453-5.766L-39.087-5.766L-39.087-6.046Q-38.858-6.046-38.709-6.080Q-38.561-6.115-38.561-6.255L-38.561-9.874Q-38.561-10.144-38.668-10.206Q-38.776-10.267-39.087-10.267L-39.087-10.548L-38.007-10.623L-38.007-8.237Q-37.901-8.422-37.723-8.564Q-37.546-8.705-37.337-8.779Q-37.129-8.852-36.903-8.852Q-36.397-8.852-36.113-8.629Q-35.830-8.405-35.830-7.909L-35.830-6.255Q-35.830-6.118-35.681-6.082Q-35.532-6.046-35.307-6.046L-35.307-5.766L-36.937-5.766L-36.937-6.046Q-36.708-6.046-36.560-6.080Q-36.411-6.115-36.411-6.255L-36.411-7.895Q-36.411-8.230-36.530-8.430Q-36.650-8.630-36.965-8.630Q-37.235-8.630-37.469-8.494Q-37.703-8.357-37.841-8.123Q-37.980-7.889-37.980-7.615L-37.980-6.255Q-37.980-6.118-37.829-6.082Q-37.679-6.046-37.453-6.046\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(307.375 -57.92)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-34.355-6.600L-34.355-8.104Q-34.355-8.374-34.463-8.435Q-34.571-8.497-34.882-8.497L-34.882-8.777L-33.774-8.852L-33.774-6.620L-33.774-6.600Q-33.774-6.320-33.723-6.176Q-33.672-6.033-33.530-5.976Q-33.388-5.920-33.101-5.920Q-32.848-5.920-32.643-6.060Q-32.438-6.200-32.322-6.426Q-32.205-6.651-32.205-6.901L-32.205-8.104Q-32.205-8.374-32.313-8.435Q-32.421-8.497-32.732-8.497L-32.732-8.777L-31.624-8.852L-31.624-6.439Q-31.624-6.248-31.571-6.166Q-31.518-6.084-31.418-6.065Q-31.317-6.046-31.101-6.046L-31.101-5.766L-32.178-5.698L-32.178-6.262Q-32.287-6.080-32.433-5.957Q-32.578-5.834-32.764-5.766Q-32.951-5.698-33.152-5.698Q-34.355-5.698-34.355-6.600M-28.832-5.766L-30.466-5.766L-30.466-6.046Q-30.237-6.046-30.088-6.080Q-29.939-6.115-29.939-6.255L-29.939-8.104Q-29.939-8.374-30.047-8.435Q-30.155-8.497-30.466-8.497L-30.466-8.777L-29.406-8.852L-29.406-8.203Q-29.235-8.511-28.931-8.682Q-28.627-8.852-28.282-8.852Q-27.882-8.852-27.605-8.712Q-27.328-8.572-27.243-8.224Q-27.075-8.517-26.776-8.685Q-26.477-8.852-26.132-8.852Q-25.626-8.852-25.342-8.629Q-25.058-8.405-25.058-7.909L-25.058-6.255Q-25.058-6.118-24.910-6.082Q-24.761-6.046-24.536-6.046L-24.536-5.766L-26.166-5.766L-26.166-6.046Q-25.940-6.046-25.790-6.082Q-25.640-6.118-25.640-6.255L-25.640-7.895Q-25.640-8.230-25.759-8.430Q-25.879-8.630-26.193-8.630Q-26.463-8.630-26.697-8.494Q-26.931-8.357-27.070-8.123Q-27.208-7.889-27.208-7.615L-27.208-6.255Q-27.208-6.118-27.060-6.082Q-26.911-6.046-26.685-6.046L-26.685-5.766L-28.316-5.766L-28.316-6.046Q-28.087-6.046-27.938-6.080Q-27.789-6.115-27.789-6.255L-27.789-7.895Q-27.789-8.230-27.909-8.430Q-28.029-8.630-28.343-8.630Q-28.613-8.630-28.847-8.494Q-29.081-8.357-29.220-8.123Q-29.358-7.889-29.358-7.615L-29.358-6.255Q-29.358-6.118-29.208-6.082Q-29.057-6.046-28.832-6.046L-28.832-5.766M-22.304-4.409L-23.934-4.409L-23.934-4.689Q-23.705-4.689-23.556-4.724Q-23.408-4.758-23.408-4.898L-23.408-8.244Q-23.408-8.415-23.544-8.456Q-23.681-8.497-23.934-8.497L-23.934-8.777L-22.854-8.852L-22.854-8.446Q-22.632-8.647-22.345-8.750Q-22.057-8.852-21.750-8.852Q-21.323-8.852-20.959-8.639Q-20.595-8.425-20.381-8.061Q-20.167-7.697-20.167-7.277Q-20.167-6.832-20.407-6.468Q-20.646-6.104-21.039-5.901Q-21.432-5.698-21.876-5.698Q-22.143-5.698-22.391-5.798Q-22.639-5.899-22.827-6.080L-22.827-4.898Q-22.827-4.761-22.678-4.725Q-22.529-4.689-22.304-4.689L-22.304-4.409M-22.827-8.097L-22.827-6.487Q-22.693-6.234-22.451-6.077Q-22.208-5.920-21.931-5.920Q-21.603-5.920-21.350-6.121Q-21.097-6.323-20.964-6.641Q-20.830-6.959-20.830-7.277Q-20.830-7.506-20.895-7.735Q-20.960-7.964-21.088-8.162Q-21.217-8.360-21.411-8.480Q-21.606-8.599-21.839-8.599Q-22.133-8.599-22.401-8.470Q-22.669-8.340-22.827-8.097M-19.210-4.009L-19.279-4.009Q-19.313-4.009-19.335-4.035Q-19.357-4.060-19.357-4.095Q-19.357-4.139-19.327-4.156Q-18.971-4.460-18.722-4.850Q-18.472-5.240-18.320-5.672Q-18.168-6.104-18.098-6.573Q-18.028-7.041-18.028-7.516Q-18.028-7.995-18.098-8.461Q-18.168-8.928-18.322-9.363Q-18.475-9.799-18.727-10.187Q-18.978-10.575-19.327-10.869Q-19.357-10.886-19.357-10.931Q-19.357-10.965-19.335-10.990Q-19.313-11.016-19.279-11.016L-19.210-11.016Q-19.200-11.016-19.192-11.014Q-19.183-11.013-19.173-11.009Q-18.629-10.609-18.257-10.056Q-17.884-9.502-17.703-8.856Q-17.522-8.210-17.522-7.516Q-17.522-6.815-17.703-6.168Q-17.884-5.520-18.258-4.966Q-18.633-4.412-19.173-4.016Q-19.183-4.016-19.192-4.014Q-19.200-4.013-19.210-4.009\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fsvg>\u003Cfigcaption class=\"tikz-cap\">Potts-diagram shapes. Strongly positive words rise toward the top rating (a J); strongly negative words fall (a reverse J); weakly polar words peak in the middle (a hump). The shape is a typology of affective meaning.\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>","\u003Csvg style=\"width:100%;max-width:415.947px;height:auto\" xmlns=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg\" viewBox=\"-75 -75 311.960 106.289\">\u003Cg stroke=\"currentColor\" style=\"stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-width:.4\">\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr8\" font-size=\"8\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-38.533 -65.509)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M1.466 2.127L-0.893 2.127L-0.893 1.830Q-0.569 1.830-0.327 1.783Q-0.085 1.736-0.085 1.568L-0.085-2.775Q-0.085-2.947-0.327-2.994Q-0.569-3.041-0.893-3.041L-0.893-3.338L1.700-3.338Q2.032-3.338 2.419-3.252Q2.806-3.166 3.153-2.992Q3.501-2.818 3.720-2.537Q3.939-2.256 3.939-1.889Q3.939-1.564 3.737-1.299Q3.536-1.033 3.230-0.857Q2.923-0.682 2.595-0.592Q2.962-0.471 3.222-0.201Q3.482 0.068 3.532 0.432L3.626 1.127Q3.696 1.576 3.794 1.807Q3.892 2.037 4.189 2.037Q4.435 2.037 4.567 1.820Q4.700 1.604 4.700 1.342Q4.720 1.268 4.802 1.248L4.884 1.248Q4.978 1.272 4.978 1.365Q4.978 1.596 4.880 1.811Q4.782 2.025 4.605 2.160Q4.427 2.295 4.196 2.295Q3.599 2.295 3.181 2.008Q2.763 1.721 2.763 1.150L2.763 0.455Q2.763 0.174 2.610-0.041Q2.458-0.256 2.208-0.369Q1.958-0.482 1.685-0.482L0.657-0.482L0.657 1.568Q0.657 1.732 0.901 1.781Q1.146 1.830 1.466 1.830L1.466 2.127M0.657-2.775L0.657-0.736L1.587-0.736Q1.907-0.736 2.175-0.789Q2.442-0.842 2.642-0.969Q2.841-1.096 2.958-1.328Q3.075-1.561 3.075-1.889Q3.075-2.541 2.679-2.791Q2.282-3.041 1.587-3.041L1.060-3.041Q0.841-3.041 0.749-2.998Q0.657-2.955 0.657-2.775M5.239 0.432Q5.239-0.072 5.495-0.504Q5.751-0.936 6.187-1.187Q6.622-1.439 7.122-1.439Q7.509-1.439 7.851-1.295Q8.192-1.150 8.454-0.889Q8.716-0.627 8.859-0.291Q9.001 0.045 9.001 0.432Q9.001 0.924 8.737 1.334Q8.474 1.744 8.044 1.975Q7.614 2.205 7.122 2.205Q6.630 2.205 6.196 1.973Q5.763 1.740 5.501 1.332Q5.239 0.924 5.239 0.432M7.122 1.928Q7.579 1.928 7.831 1.705Q8.083 1.482 8.171 1.131Q8.259 0.779 8.259 0.334Q8.259-0.096 8.165-0.434Q8.071-0.771 7.817-0.978Q7.564-1.186 7.122-1.186Q6.474-1.186 6.230-0.769Q5.985-0.353 5.985 0.334Q5.985 0.779 6.073 1.131Q6.161 1.482 6.413 1.705Q6.665 1.928 7.122 1.928M11.400 2.127L9.567 2.127L9.567 1.830Q9.841 1.830 10.009 1.783Q10.177 1.736 10.177 1.568L10.177-2.592Q10.177-2.807 10.114-2.902Q10.052-2.998 9.933-3.019Q9.814-3.041 9.567-3.041L9.567-3.338L10.790-3.424L10.790 1.568Q10.790 1.736 10.958 1.783Q11.126 1.830 11.400 1.830L11.400 2.127M11.845 0.373Q11.845-0.107 12.077-0.523Q12.310-0.939 12.720-1.189Q13.130-1.439 13.607-1.439Q14.337-1.439 14.735-0.998Q15.134-0.557 15.134 0.174Q15.134 0.279 15.040 0.303L12.591 0.303L12.591 0.373Q12.591 0.783 12.712 1.139Q12.833 1.494 13.105 1.711Q13.376 1.928 13.806 1.928Q14.169 1.928 14.466 1.699Q14.763 1.471 14.864 1.119Q14.872 1.072 14.958 1.057L15.040 1.057Q15.134 1.084 15.134 1.166Q15.134 1.174 15.126 1.205Q15.064 1.432 14.925 1.615Q14.786 1.799 14.595 1.932Q14.403 2.064 14.185 2.135Q13.966 2.205 13.728 2.205Q13.357 2.205 13.019 2.068Q12.681 1.932 12.413 1.680Q12.146 1.428 11.995 1.088Q11.845 0.748 11.845 0.373M12.599 0.064L14.560 0.064Q14.560-0.240 14.458-0.531Q14.357-0.822 14.140-1.004Q13.923-1.186 13.607-1.186Q13.306-1.186 13.075-0.998Q12.845-0.811 12.722-0.519Q12.599-0.228 12.599 0.064M18.978 2.127L16.185 2.127L16.185 1.830Q17.247 1.830 17.247 1.568L17.247-2.600Q16.817-2.385 16.138-2.385L16.138-2.682Q17.157-2.682 17.673-3.193L17.817-3.193Q17.892-3.174 17.911-3.096L17.911 1.568Q17.911 1.830 18.978 1.830\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-38.533 -65.509)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M22.761 2.119L22.761 0.897Q22.761 0.869 22.793 0.838Q22.824 0.807 22.847 0.807L22.953 0.807Q23.023 0.807 23.039 0.869Q23.101 1.189 23.240 1.430Q23.378 1.670 23.611 1.811Q23.843 1.951 24.152 1.951Q24.390 1.951 24.599 1.891Q24.808 1.830 24.945 1.682Q25.082 1.533 25.082 1.287Q25.082 1.033 24.871 0.867Q24.660 0.701 24.390 0.647L23.769 0.533Q23.363 0.455 23.062 0.199Q22.761-0.057 22.761-0.432Q22.761-0.799 22.962-1.021Q23.164-1.244 23.488-1.342Q23.812-1.439 24.152-1.439Q24.617-1.439 24.914-1.232L25.136-1.416Q25.160-1.439 25.191-1.439L25.242-1.439Q25.273-1.439 25.300-1.412Q25.328-1.385 25.328-1.353L25.328-0.369Q25.328-0.338 25.302-0.309Q25.277-0.279 25.242-0.279L25.136-0.279Q25.101-0.279 25.074-0.307Q25.046-0.334 25.046-0.369Q25.046-0.768 24.794-0.988Q24.543-1.209 24.144-1.209Q23.789-1.209 23.505-1.086Q23.222-0.963 23.222-0.658Q23.222-0.439 23.423-0.307Q23.625-0.174 23.871-0.131L24.496-0.018Q24.925 0.072 25.234 0.369Q25.543 0.666 25.543 1.080Q25.543 1.650 25.144 1.928Q24.746 2.205 24.152 2.205Q23.601 2.205 23.250 1.869L22.953 2.182Q22.929 2.205 22.894 2.205L22.847 2.205Q22.824 2.205 22.793 2.174Q22.761 2.143 22.761 2.119M26.753 1.174L26.753-0.568Q26.753-0.783 26.691-0.879Q26.628-0.975 26.509-0.996Q26.390-1.018 26.144-1.018L26.144-1.314L27.390-1.400L27.390 1.150L27.390 1.174Q27.390 1.486 27.445 1.648Q27.500 1.811 27.650 1.881Q27.800 1.951 28.121 1.951Q28.550 1.951 28.824 1.613Q29.097 1.275 29.097 0.830L29.097-0.568Q29.097-0.783 29.035-0.879Q28.972-0.975 28.853-0.996Q28.734-1.018 28.488-1.018L28.488-1.314L29.734-1.400L29.734 1.385Q29.734 1.596 29.796 1.691Q29.859 1.787 29.978 1.809Q30.097 1.830 30.343 1.830L30.343 2.127L29.121 2.205L29.121 1.584Q28.953 1.873 28.671 2.039Q28.390 2.205 28.070 2.205Q26.753 2.205 26.753 1.174M32.796 2.127L30.816 2.127L30.816 1.830Q31.085 1.830 31.253 1.785Q31.421 1.740 31.421 1.568L31.421-0.568Q31.421-0.783 31.359-0.879Q31.296-0.975 31.179-0.996Q31.062-1.018 30.816-1.018L30.816-1.314L31.984-1.400L31.984-0.615Q32.062-0.826 32.214-1.012Q32.367-1.197 32.566-1.299Q32.765-1.400 32.992-1.400Q33.238-1.400 33.429-1.256Q33.621-1.111 33.621-0.881Q33.621-0.725 33.515-0.615Q33.410-0.506 33.253-0.506Q33.097-0.506 32.988-0.615Q32.878-0.725 32.878-0.881Q32.878-1.041 32.984-1.146Q32.660-1.146 32.445-0.918Q32.230-0.689 32.134-0.350Q32.039-0.010 32.039 0.295L32.039 1.568Q32.039 1.736 32.265 1.783Q32.492 1.830 32.796 1.830L32.796 2.127M35.902 2.096L34.679-0.760Q34.597-0.936 34.453-0.980Q34.308-1.025 34.039-1.025L34.039-1.322L35.750-1.322L35.750-1.025Q35.328-1.025 35.328-0.842Q35.328-0.807 35.343-0.760L36.289 1.432L37.128-0.545Q37.168-0.623 37.168-0.713Q37.168-0.853 37.062-0.939Q36.957-1.025 36.816-1.025L36.816-1.322L38.168-1.322L38.168-1.025Q37.644-1.025 37.429-0.545L36.304 2.096Q36.242 2.205 36.136 2.205L36.070 2.205Q35.957 2.205 35.902 2.096M40.441 2.127L38.664 2.127L38.664 1.830Q38.937 1.830 39.105 1.783Q39.273 1.736 39.273 1.568L39.273-0.568Q39.273-0.783 39.216-0.879Q39.160-0.975 39.046-0.996Q38.933-1.018 38.687-1.018L38.687-1.314L39.886-1.400L39.886 1.568Q39.886 1.736 40.033 1.783Q40.179 1.830 40.441 1.830L40.441 2.127M39-2.795Q39-2.986 39.134-3.117Q39.269-3.248 39.464-3.248Q39.585-3.248 39.689-3.186Q39.793-3.123 39.855-3.019Q39.918-2.916 39.918-2.795Q39.918-2.600 39.787-2.465Q39.656-2.330 39.464-2.330Q39.265-2.330 39.132-2.463Q39-2.596 39-2.795M42.742 2.096L41.519-0.760Q41.437-0.936 41.293-0.980Q41.148-1.025 40.878-1.025L40.878-1.322L42.589-1.322L42.589-1.025Q42.168-1.025 42.168-0.842Q42.168-0.807 42.183-0.760L43.128 1.432L43.968-0.545Q44.007-0.623 44.007-0.713Q44.007-0.853 43.902-0.939Q43.796-1.025 43.656-1.025L43.656-1.322L45.007-1.322L45.007-1.025Q44.484-1.025 44.269-0.545L43.144 2.096Q43.082 2.205 42.976 2.205L42.910 2.205Q42.796 2.205 42.742 2.096\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-38.533 -65.509)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M45.203 0.373Q45.203-0.107 45.436-0.523Q45.668-0.939 46.078-1.189Q46.488-1.439 46.965-1.439Q47.695-1.439 48.094-0.998Q48.492-0.557 48.492 0.174Q48.492 0.279 48.399 0.303L45.949 0.303L45.949 0.373Q45.949 0.783 46.070 1.139Q46.192 1.494 46.463 1.711Q46.735 1.928 47.164 1.928Q47.528 1.928 47.824 1.699Q48.121 1.471 48.223 1.119Q48.231 1.072 48.317 1.057L48.399 1.057Q48.492 1.084 48.492 1.166Q48.492 1.174 48.485 1.205Q48.422 1.432 48.283 1.615Q48.145 1.799 47.953 1.932Q47.762 2.064 47.543 2.135Q47.324 2.205 47.086 2.205Q46.715 2.205 46.377 2.068Q46.039 1.932 45.772 1.680Q45.504 1.428 45.354 1.088Q45.203 0.748 45.203 0.373M45.957 0.064L47.918 0.064Q47.918-0.240 47.817-0.531Q47.715-0.822 47.498-1.004Q47.281-1.186 46.965-1.186Q46.664-1.186 46.434-0.998Q46.203-0.811 46.080-0.519Q45.957-0.228 45.957 0.064M49.024 2.119L49.024 0.897Q49.024 0.869 49.055 0.838Q49.086 0.807 49.110 0.807L49.215 0.807Q49.285 0.807 49.301 0.869Q49.363 1.189 49.502 1.430Q49.641 1.670 49.873 1.811Q50.106 1.951 50.414 1.951Q50.653 1.951 50.861 1.891Q51.070 1.830 51.207 1.682Q51.344 1.533 51.344 1.287Q51.344 1.033 51.133 0.867Q50.922 0.701 50.653 0.647L50.031 0.533Q49.625 0.455 49.324 0.199Q49.024-0.057 49.024-0.432Q49.024-0.799 49.225-1.021Q49.426-1.244 49.750-1.342Q50.074-1.439 50.414-1.439Q50.879-1.439 51.176-1.232L51.399-1.416Q51.422-1.439 51.453-1.439L51.504-1.439Q51.535-1.439 51.563-1.412Q51.590-1.385 51.590-1.353L51.590-0.369Q51.590-0.338 51.565-0.309Q51.539-0.279 51.504-0.279L51.399-0.279Q51.363-0.279 51.336-0.307Q51.309-0.334 51.309-0.369Q51.309-0.768 51.057-0.988Q50.805-1.209 50.406-1.209Q50.051-1.209 49.768-1.086Q49.485-0.963 49.485-0.658Q49.485-0.439 49.686-0.307Q49.887-0.174 50.133-0.131L50.758-0.018Q51.188 0.072 51.496 0.369Q51.805 0.666 51.805 1.080Q51.805 1.650 51.406 1.928Q51.008 2.205 50.414 2.205Q49.863 2.205 49.512 1.869L49.215 2.182Q49.192 2.205 49.156 2.205L49.110 2.205Q49.086 2.205 49.055 2.174Q49.024 2.143 49.024 2.119\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-38.533 -65.509)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M57.640 2.127L55.281 2.127L55.281 1.830Q55.605 1.830 55.847 1.783Q56.089 1.736 56.089 1.568L56.089-2.775Q56.089-2.947 55.847-2.994Q55.605-3.041 55.281-3.041L55.281-3.338L57.874-3.338Q58.206-3.338 58.593-3.252Q58.980-3.166 59.327-2.992Q59.675-2.818 59.894-2.537Q60.113-2.256 60.113-1.889Q60.113-1.564 59.911-1.299Q59.710-1.033 59.404-0.857Q59.097-0.682 58.769-0.592Q59.136-0.471 59.396-0.201Q59.656 0.068 59.706 0.432L59.800 1.127Q59.870 1.576 59.968 1.807Q60.066 2.037 60.363 2.037Q60.609 2.037 60.742 1.820Q60.874 1.604 60.874 1.342Q60.894 1.268 60.976 1.248L61.058 1.248Q61.152 1.272 61.152 1.365Q61.152 1.596 61.054 1.811Q60.956 2.025 60.779 2.160Q60.601 2.295 60.370 2.295Q59.773 2.295 59.355 2.008Q58.937 1.721 58.937 1.150L58.937 0.455Q58.937 0.174 58.784-0.041Q58.632-0.256 58.382-0.369Q58.132-0.482 57.859-0.482L56.831-0.482L56.831 1.568Q56.831 1.732 57.075 1.781Q57.320 1.830 57.640 1.830L57.640 2.127M56.831-2.775L56.831-0.736L57.761-0.736Q58.081-0.736 58.349-0.789Q58.617-0.842 58.816-0.969Q59.015-1.096 59.132-1.328Q59.249-1.561 59.249-1.889Q59.249-2.541 58.853-2.791Q58.456-3.041 57.761-3.041L57.234-3.041Q57.015-3.041 56.923-2.998Q56.831-2.955 56.831-2.775M61.413 0.432Q61.413-0.072 61.669-0.504Q61.925-0.936 62.361-1.187Q62.796-1.439 63.296-1.439Q63.683-1.439 64.025-1.295Q64.367-1.150 64.628-0.889Q64.890-0.627 65.033-0.291Q65.175 0.045 65.175 0.432Q65.175 0.924 64.911 1.334Q64.648 1.744 64.218 1.975Q63.788 2.205 63.296 2.205Q62.804 2.205 62.370 1.973Q61.937 1.740 61.675 1.332Q61.413 0.924 61.413 0.432M63.296 1.928Q63.753 1.928 64.005 1.705Q64.257 1.482 64.345 1.131Q64.433 0.779 64.433 0.334Q64.433-0.096 64.339-0.434Q64.245-0.771 63.992-0.978Q63.738-1.186 63.296-1.186Q62.648-1.186 62.404-0.769Q62.159-0.353 62.159 0.334Q62.159 0.779 62.247 1.131Q62.335 1.482 62.587 1.705Q62.839 1.928 63.296 1.928M67.574 2.127L65.742 2.127L65.742 1.830Q66.015 1.830 66.183 1.783Q66.351 1.736 66.351 1.568L66.351-2.592Q66.351-2.807 66.288-2.902Q66.226-2.998 66.107-3.019Q65.988-3.041 65.742-3.041L65.742-3.338L66.964-3.424L66.964 1.568Q66.964 1.736 67.132 1.783Q67.300 1.830 67.574 1.830L67.574 2.127M68.019 0.373Q68.019-0.107 68.251-0.523Q68.484-0.939 68.894-1.189Q69.304-1.439 69.781-1.439Q70.511-1.439 70.909-0.998Q71.308-0.557 71.308 0.174Q71.308 0.279 71.214 0.303L68.765 0.303L68.765 0.373Q68.765 0.783 68.886 1.139Q69.007 1.494 69.279 1.711Q69.550 1.928 69.980 1.928Q70.343 1.928 70.640 1.699Q70.937 1.471 71.038 1.119Q71.046 1.072 71.132 1.057L71.214 1.057Q71.308 1.084 71.308 1.166Q71.308 1.174 71.300 1.205Q71.238 1.432 71.099 1.615Q70.960 1.799 70.769 1.932Q70.577 2.064 70.359 2.135Q70.140 2.205 69.902 2.205Q69.531 2.205 69.193 2.068Q68.855 1.932 68.587 1.680Q68.320 1.428 68.169 1.088Q68.019 0.748 68.019 0.373M68.773 0.064L70.734 0.064Q70.734-0.240 70.632-0.531Q70.531-0.822 70.314-1.004Q70.097-1.186 69.781-1.186Q69.480-1.186 69.249-0.998Q69.019-0.811 68.896-0.519Q68.773-0.228 68.773 0.064M75.144 2.127L71.984 2.127L71.984 1.920Q71.984 1.893 72.007 1.861L73.359 0.463Q73.738 0.076 73.986-0.213Q74.234-0.502 74.408-0.859Q74.581-1.217 74.581-1.607Q74.581-1.955 74.449-2.248Q74.316-2.541 74.062-2.719Q73.808-2.896 73.452-2.896Q73.093-2.896 72.802-2.701Q72.511-2.506 72.367-2.178L72.421-2.178Q72.605-2.178 72.730-2.057Q72.855-1.936 72.855-1.744Q72.855-1.564 72.730-1.436Q72.605-1.307 72.421-1.307Q72.242-1.307 72.113-1.436Q71.984-1.564 71.984-1.744Q71.984-2.146 72.204-2.482Q72.425-2.818 72.790-3.006Q73.156-3.193 73.558-3.193Q74.038-3.193 74.454-3.006Q74.870-2.818 75.122-2.457Q75.374-2.096 75.374-1.607Q75.374-1.248 75.220-0.945Q75.066-0.643 74.814-0.383Q74.562-0.123 74.212 0.162Q73.863 0.447 73.695 0.600L72.765 1.439L73.480 1.439Q74.855 1.439 74.894 1.400Q74.964 1.322 75.007 1.137Q75.050 0.951 75.093 0.662L75.374 0.662\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-19.74-29.17h36.99v-17.072h-36.99Z\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-10.451 -37.48)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M0.457 2.100L-0.524-0.399Q-0.585-0.542-0.703-0.577Q-0.821-0.611-1.037-0.611L-1.037-0.891L0.443-0.891L0.443-0.611Q0.064-0.611 0.064-0.450Q0.064-0.440 0.078-0.399L0.792 1.433L1.465-0.272Q1.435-0.344 1.435-0.372Q1.435-0.399 1.407-0.399Q1.346-0.546 1.228-0.578Q1.110-0.611 0.898-0.611L0.898-0.891L2.296-0.891L2.296-0.611Q1.920-0.611 1.920-0.450Q1.920-0.419 1.927-0.399L2.682 1.539L3.369-0.211Q3.390-0.262 3.390-0.317Q3.390-0.457 3.277-0.534Q3.164-0.611 3.024-0.611L3.024-0.891L4.244-0.891L4.244-0.611Q4.039-0.611 3.884-0.505Q3.728-0.399 3.656-0.211L2.751 2.100Q2.716 2.195 2.604 2.195L2.535 2.195Q2.426 2.195 2.388 2.100L1.606 0.097L0.819 2.100Q0.785 2.195 0.672 2.195L0.604 2.195Q0.495 2.195 0.457 2.100M6.524 2.127L4.788 2.127L4.788 1.847Q5.017 1.847 5.165 1.813Q5.314 1.778 5.314 1.638L5.314-0.211Q5.314-0.481 5.206-0.542Q5.099-0.604 4.788-0.604L4.788-0.884L5.817-0.959L5.817-0.252Q5.946-0.560 6.189-0.759Q6.432-0.959 6.750-0.959Q6.968-0.959 7.139-0.835Q7.310-0.710 7.310-0.498Q7.310-0.361 7.211-0.262Q7.112-0.163 6.979-0.163Q6.842-0.163 6.743-0.262Q6.644-0.361 6.644-0.498Q6.644-0.638 6.743-0.737Q6.452-0.737 6.252-0.541Q6.052-0.344 5.960-0.050Q5.868 0.244 5.868 0.524L5.868 1.638Q5.868 1.847 6.524 1.847L6.524 2.127M9.511 2.127L7.960 2.127L7.960 1.847Q8.185 1.847 8.334 1.813Q8.483 1.778 8.483 1.638L8.483-0.211Q8.483-0.399 8.435-0.483Q8.387-0.566 8.289-0.585Q8.192-0.604 7.980-0.604L7.980-0.884L9.036-0.959L9.036 1.638Q9.036 1.778 9.168 1.813Q9.299 1.847 9.511 1.847L9.511 2.127M8.240-2.180Q8.240-2.351 8.363-2.470Q8.486-2.590 8.657-2.590Q8.824-2.590 8.947-2.470Q9.070-2.351 9.070-2.180Q9.070-2.005 8.947-1.882Q8.824-1.759 8.657-1.759Q8.486-1.759 8.363-1.882Q8.240-2.005 8.240-2.180M10.684 1.286L10.684-0.611L10.045-0.611L10.045-0.833Q10.362-0.833 10.579-1.043Q10.797-1.253 10.897-1.563Q10.998-1.872 10.998-2.180L11.265-2.180L11.265-0.891L12.341-0.891L12.341-0.611L11.265-0.611L11.265 1.273Q11.265 1.549 11.369 1.748Q11.473 1.946 11.733 1.946Q11.890 1.946 11.996 1.842Q12.102 1.737 12.152 1.584Q12.201 1.430 12.201 1.273L12.201 0.859L12.468 0.859L12.468 1.286Q12.468 1.512 12.369 1.722Q12.270 1.932 12.085 2.064Q11.901 2.195 11.672 2.195Q11.234 2.195 10.959 1.958Q10.684 1.720 10.684 1.286M13.237 0.592Q13.237 0.271 13.362-0.018Q13.486-0.307 13.712-0.530Q13.938-0.754 14.233-0.874Q14.529-0.994 14.847-0.994Q15.175-0.994 15.436-0.894Q15.698-0.795 15.874-0.613Q16.050-0.430 16.144-0.172Q16.238 0.086 16.238 0.418Q16.238 0.510 16.156 0.531L13.900 0.531L13.900 0.592Q13.900 1.180 14.184 1.563Q14.467 1.946 15.035 1.946Q15.356 1.946 15.624 1.753Q15.893 1.560 15.982 1.245Q15.988 1.204 16.064 1.190L16.156 1.190Q16.238 1.214 16.238 1.286Q16.238 1.293 16.231 1.320Q16.118 1.717 15.747 1.956Q15.377 2.195 14.953 2.195Q14.515 2.195 14.115 1.987Q13.715 1.778 13.476 1.411Q13.237 1.044 13.237 0.592M13.907 0.322L15.722 0.322Q15.722 0.045 15.624-0.207Q15.527-0.460 15.329-0.616Q15.130-0.771 14.847-0.771Q14.570-0.771 14.356-0.613Q14.143-0.454 14.025-0.199Q13.907 0.056 13.907 0.322M18.576 2.127L16.839 2.127L16.839 1.847Q17.068 1.847 17.217 1.813Q17.366 1.778 17.366 1.638L17.366-0.211Q17.366-0.481 17.258-0.542Q17.151-0.604 16.839-0.604L16.839-0.884L17.868-0.959L17.868-0.252Q17.998-0.560 18.241-0.759Q18.484-0.959 18.801-0.959Q19.020-0.959 19.191-0.835Q19.362-0.710 19.362-0.498Q19.362-0.361 19.263-0.262Q19.164-0.163 19.030-0.163Q18.894-0.163 18.795-0.262Q18.695-0.361 18.695-0.498Q18.695-0.638 18.795-0.737Q18.504-0.737 18.304-0.541Q18.104-0.344 18.012-0.050Q17.920 0.244 17.920 0.524L17.920 1.638Q17.920 1.847 18.576 1.847\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-59.573 10.663h36.989V-6.409h-36.989Z\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-49.632 2.43)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M1.254 2.127L-0.852 2.127L-0.852 1.847Q-0.131 1.847-0.131 1.638L-0.131-2.163Q-0.131-2.374-0.852-2.374L-0.852-2.655L1.486-2.655Q1.797-2.655 2.140-2.581Q2.484-2.508 2.805-2.352Q3.127-2.197 3.328-1.951Q3.530-1.705 3.530-1.380Q3.530-1.093 3.342-0.862Q3.154-0.631 2.877-0.483Q2.600-0.334 2.310-0.252Q2.645-0.149 2.879 0.083Q3.113 0.315 3.157 0.644L3.243 1.252Q3.270 1.464 3.316 1.633Q3.362 1.802 3.467 1.922Q3.571 2.042 3.759 2.042Q3.974 2.042 4.090 1.857Q4.207 1.672 4.207 1.440Q4.224 1.375 4.299 1.358L4.391 1.358Q4.473 1.378 4.473 1.460Q4.473 1.666 4.383 1.852Q4.292 2.038 4.126 2.153Q3.961 2.267 3.759 2.267Q3.421 2.267 3.127 2.166Q2.833 2.065 2.648 1.843Q2.463 1.621 2.463 1.273L2.463 0.664Q2.463 0.415 2.320 0.228Q2.176 0.042 1.953-0.057Q1.729-0.156 1.479-0.156L0.532-0.156L0.532 1.638Q0.532 1.847 1.254 1.847L1.254 2.127M0.532-2.163L0.532-0.378L1.387-0.378Q1.674-0.378 1.913-0.421Q2.152-0.464 2.340-0.573Q2.528-0.683 2.640-0.881Q2.751-1.079 2.751-1.380Q2.751-1.957 2.383-2.166Q2.016-2.374 1.387-2.374L0.898-2.374Q0.710-2.374 0.621-2.340Q0.532-2.306 0.532-2.163M4.832 0.644Q4.832 0.302 4.967 0.003Q5.102-0.296 5.341-0.520Q5.581-0.744 5.899-0.869Q6.216-0.994 6.548-0.994Q6.992-0.994 7.392-0.778Q7.792-0.563 8.026-0.185Q8.260 0.192 8.260 0.644Q8.260 0.985 8.119 1.269Q7.977 1.553 7.732 1.760Q7.488 1.966 7.179 2.081Q6.869 2.195 6.548 2.195Q6.117 2.195 5.716 1.994Q5.314 1.792 5.073 1.440Q4.832 1.088 4.832 0.644M6.548 1.946Q7.150 1.946 7.373 1.568Q7.597 1.190 7.597 0.558Q7.597-0.054 7.363-0.413Q7.129-0.771 6.548-0.771Q5.495-0.771 5.495 0.558Q5.495 1.190 5.721 1.568Q5.946 1.946 6.548 1.946M10.523 2.127L8.920 2.127L8.920 1.847Q9.146 1.847 9.294 1.813Q9.443 1.778 9.443 1.638L9.443-1.981Q9.443-2.251 9.335-2.313Q9.228-2.374 8.920-2.374L8.920-2.655L9.997-2.730L9.997 1.638Q9.997 1.775 10.147 1.811Q10.297 1.847 10.523 1.847L10.523 2.127M11.077 0.592Q11.077 0.271 11.202-0.018Q11.326-0.307 11.552-0.530Q11.777-0.754 12.073-0.874Q12.369-0.994 12.687-0.994Q13.015-0.994 13.276-0.894Q13.538-0.795 13.714-0.613Q13.890-0.430 13.984-0.172Q14.078 0.086 14.078 0.418Q14.078 0.510 13.996 0.531L11.740 0.531L11.740 0.592Q11.740 1.180 12.024 1.563Q12.307 1.946 12.875 1.946Q13.196 1.946 13.464 1.753Q13.733 1.560 13.821 1.245Q13.828 1.204 13.903 1.190L13.996 1.190Q14.078 1.214 14.078 1.286Q14.078 1.293 14.071 1.320Q13.958 1.717 13.587 1.956Q13.216 2.195 12.793 2.195Q12.355 2.195 11.955 1.987Q11.555 1.778 11.316 1.411Q11.077 1.044 11.077 0.592M11.747 0.322L13.562 0.322Q13.562 0.045 13.464-0.207Q13.367-0.460 13.169-0.616Q12.970-0.771 12.687-0.771Q12.410-0.771 12.196-0.613Q11.983-0.454 11.865-0.199Q11.747 0.056 11.747 0.322M17.677 2.127L15.148 2.127L15.148 1.847Q16.115 1.847 16.115 1.638L16.115-1.981Q15.722-1.793 15.100-1.793L15.100-2.074Q15.517-2.074 15.881-2.175Q16.245-2.275 16.501-2.521L16.628-2.521Q16.692-2.504 16.710-2.436L16.710 1.638Q16.710 1.847 17.677 1.847\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M20.094 10.663h36.989V-6.409H20.094Z\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(30.035 2.43)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M1.254 2.127L-0.852 2.127L-0.852 1.847Q-0.131 1.847-0.131 1.638L-0.131-2.163Q-0.131-2.374-0.852-2.374L-0.852-2.655L1.486-2.655Q1.797-2.655 2.140-2.581Q2.484-2.508 2.805-2.352Q3.127-2.197 3.328-1.951Q3.530-1.705 3.530-1.380Q3.530-1.093 3.342-0.862Q3.154-0.631 2.877-0.483Q2.600-0.334 2.310-0.252Q2.645-0.149 2.879 0.083Q3.113 0.315 3.157 0.644L3.243 1.252Q3.270 1.464 3.316 1.633Q3.362 1.802 3.467 1.922Q3.571 2.042 3.759 2.042Q3.974 2.042 4.090 1.857Q4.207 1.672 4.207 1.440Q4.224 1.375 4.299 1.358L4.391 1.358Q4.473 1.378 4.473 1.460Q4.473 1.666 4.383 1.852Q4.292 2.038 4.126 2.153Q3.961 2.267 3.759 2.267Q3.421 2.267 3.127 2.166Q2.833 2.065 2.648 1.843Q2.463 1.621 2.463 1.273L2.463 0.664Q2.463 0.415 2.320 0.228Q2.176 0.042 1.953-0.057Q1.729-0.156 1.479-0.156L0.532-0.156L0.532 1.638Q0.532 1.847 1.254 1.847L1.254 2.127M0.532-2.163L0.532-0.378L1.387-0.378Q1.674-0.378 1.913-0.421Q2.152-0.464 2.340-0.573Q2.528-0.683 2.640-0.881Q2.751-1.079 2.751-1.380Q2.751-1.957 2.383-2.166Q2.016-2.374 1.387-2.374L0.898-2.374Q0.710-2.374 0.621-2.340Q0.532-2.306 0.532-2.163M4.832 0.644Q4.832 0.302 4.967 0.003Q5.102-0.296 5.341-0.520Q5.581-0.744 5.899-0.869Q6.216-0.994 6.548-0.994Q6.992-0.994 7.392-0.778Q7.792-0.563 8.026-0.185Q8.260 0.192 8.260 0.644Q8.260 0.985 8.119 1.269Q7.977 1.553 7.732 1.760Q7.488 1.966 7.179 2.081Q6.869 2.195 6.548 2.195Q6.117 2.195 5.716 1.994Q5.314 1.792 5.073 1.440Q4.832 1.088 4.832 0.644M6.548 1.946Q7.150 1.946 7.373 1.568Q7.597 1.190 7.597 0.558Q7.597-0.054 7.363-0.413Q7.129-0.771 6.548-0.771Q5.495-0.771 5.495 0.558Q5.495 1.190 5.721 1.568Q5.946 1.946 6.548 1.946M10.523 2.127L8.920 2.127L8.920 1.847Q9.146 1.847 9.294 1.813Q9.443 1.778 9.443 1.638L9.443-1.981Q9.443-2.251 9.335-2.313Q9.228-2.374 8.920-2.374L8.920-2.655L9.997-2.730L9.997 1.638Q9.997 1.775 10.147 1.811Q10.297 1.847 10.523 1.847L10.523 2.127M11.077 0.592Q11.077 0.271 11.202-0.018Q11.326-0.307 11.552-0.530Q11.777-0.754 12.073-0.874Q12.369-0.994 12.687-0.994Q13.015-0.994 13.276-0.894Q13.538-0.795 13.714-0.613Q13.890-0.430 13.984-0.172Q14.078 0.086 14.078 0.418Q14.078 0.510 13.996 0.531L11.740 0.531L11.740 0.592Q11.740 1.180 12.024 1.563Q12.307 1.946 12.875 1.946Q13.196 1.946 13.464 1.753Q13.733 1.560 13.821 1.245Q13.828 1.204 13.903 1.190L13.996 1.190Q14.078 1.214 14.078 1.286Q14.078 1.293 14.071 1.320Q13.958 1.717 13.587 1.956Q13.216 2.195 12.793 2.195Q12.355 2.195 11.955 1.987Q11.555 1.778 11.316 1.411Q11.077 1.044 11.077 0.592M11.747 0.322L13.562 0.322Q13.562 0.045 13.464-0.207Q13.367-0.460 13.169-0.616Q12.970-0.771 12.687-0.771Q12.410-0.771 12.196-0.613Q11.983-0.454 11.865-0.199Q11.747 0.056 11.747 0.322M17.677 2.127L14.792 2.127L14.792 1.925Q14.792 1.895 14.819 1.867L16.067 0.650Q16.139 0.575 16.182 0.533Q16.224 0.490 16.303 0.411Q16.716-0.002 16.947-0.360Q17.178-0.717 17.178-1.141Q17.178-1.373 17.099-1.576Q17.021-1.780 16.879-1.930Q16.737-2.081 16.542-2.161Q16.347-2.241 16.115-2.241Q15.804-2.241 15.546-2.082Q15.288-1.923 15.158-1.646L15.178-1.646Q15.346-1.646 15.453-1.535Q15.561-1.424 15.561-1.260Q15.561-1.103 15.452-0.990Q15.342-0.877 15.178-0.877Q15.018-0.877 14.905-0.990Q14.792-1.103 14.792-1.260Q14.792-1.636 15.001-1.923Q15.209-2.210 15.544-2.366Q15.879-2.521 16.234-2.521Q16.658-2.521 17.038-2.363Q17.417-2.204 17.651-1.887Q17.885-1.571 17.885-1.141Q17.885-0.830 17.745-0.561Q17.605-0.293 17.400-0.088Q17.195 0.117 16.833 0.399Q16.470 0.681 16.361 0.777L15.506 1.505L16.149 1.505Q16.412 1.505 16.701 1.503Q16.990 1.502 17.209 1.493Q17.427 1.484 17.444 1.467Q17.506 1.402 17.544 1.235Q17.581 1.067 17.619 0.825L17.885 0.825\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-9.98-28.97-30.93-8.024\"\u002F>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"m-32.344-6.609 3.394-1.13-1.98-.284-.283-1.98\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-29.589 -24.283)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M1.653 2.807L1.653 0.551L-0.596 0.551Q-0.664 0.541-0.710 0.495Q-0.756 0.449-0.756 0.377Q-0.756 0.233-0.596 0.210L1.653 0.210L1.653-2.046Q1.664-2.115 1.710-2.161Q1.756-2.207 1.828-2.207Q1.971-2.207 1.995-2.046L1.995 0.210L4.237 0.210Q4.398 0.233 4.398 0.377Q4.398 0.449 4.352 0.495Q4.306 0.541 4.237 0.551L1.995 0.551L1.995 2.807Q1.971 2.968 1.828 2.968Q1.756 2.968 1.710 2.922Q1.664 2.876 1.653 2.807\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M7.49-28.97 28.44-8.024\"\u002F>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"m29.854-6.609-1.131-3.394-.283 1.98-1.98.283\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(23.45 -23.45)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M0.953 0.873L-1.105 0.873L-1.105 0.370L0.953 0.370\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M-22.384 2.127h40.278\"\u002F>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"m19.894 2.127-3.2-1.6 1.2 1.6-1.2 1.6\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-1.347 6.547)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M0.953 0.873L-1.105 0.873L-1.105 0.370L0.953 0.370\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(-61.025 21.198)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-0.931 2.120L-0.931 1.057Q-0.931 1.033-0.903 1.006Q-0.876 0.979-0.852 0.979L-0.743 0.979Q-0.678 0.979-0.664 1.037Q-0.568 1.471-0.322 1.722Q-0.076 1.973 0.338 1.973Q0.679 1.973 0.932 1.840Q1.185 1.707 1.185 1.399Q1.185 1.242 1.091 1.127Q0.997 1.013 0.859 0.944Q0.720 0.876 0.553 0.838L-0.028 0.739Q-0.384 0.671-0.657 0.450Q-0.931 0.230-0.931-0.112Q-0.931-0.361-0.819-0.536Q-0.708-0.710-0.522-0.809Q-0.336-0.908-0.120-0.951Q0.095-0.994 0.338-0.994Q0.751-0.994 1.031-0.812L1.247-0.987Q1.257-0.990 1.264-0.992Q1.271-0.994 1.281-0.994L1.332-0.994Q1.359-0.994 1.383-0.970Q1.407-0.946 1.407-0.918L1.407-0.071Q1.407-0.050 1.383-0.023Q1.359 0.004 1.332 0.004L1.219 0.004Q1.192 0.004 1.166-0.021Q1.141-0.047 1.141-0.071Q1.141-0.307 1.035-0.471Q0.929-0.635 0.746-0.717Q0.563-0.799 0.331-0.799Q0.003-0.799-0.254-0.696Q-0.510-0.594-0.510-0.317Q-0.510-0.122-0.327-0.013Q-0.144 0.097 0.085 0.138L0.659 0.244Q0.905 0.292 1.119 0.420Q1.332 0.548 1.469 0.751Q1.606 0.955 1.606 1.204Q1.606 1.717 1.240 1.956Q0.874 2.195 0.338 2.195Q-0.158 2.195-0.490 1.901L-0.756 2.175Q-0.777 2.195-0.804 2.195L-0.852 2.195Q-0.876 2.195-0.903 2.168Q-0.931 2.141-0.931 2.120M2.569 3.262Q2.699 3.330 2.836 3.330Q3.007 3.330 3.157 3.241Q3.308 3.152 3.419 3.007Q3.530 2.862 3.609 2.694L3.872 2.127L2.703-0.399Q2.628-0.546 2.498-0.578Q2.368-0.611 2.135-0.611L2.135-0.891L3.656-0.891L3.656-0.611Q3.308-0.611 3.308-0.464Q3.311-0.443 3.313-0.426Q3.315-0.409 3.315-0.399L4.172 1.460L4.945-0.211Q4.979-0.279 4.979-0.358Q4.979-0.471 4.895-0.541Q4.812-0.611 4.699-0.611L4.699-0.891L5.895-0.891L5.895-0.611Q5.676-0.611 5.504-0.507Q5.331-0.402 5.239-0.211L3.902 2.694Q3.732 3.064 3.462 3.310Q3.192 3.556 2.836 3.556Q2.566 3.556 2.347 3.390Q2.129 3.224 2.129 2.961Q2.129 2.824 2.221 2.735Q2.313 2.647 2.453 2.647Q2.590 2.647 2.679 2.735Q2.768 2.824 2.768 2.961Q2.768 3.064 2.715 3.142Q2.662 3.221 2.569 3.262M8.117 2.127L6.483 2.127L6.483 1.847Q6.712 1.847 6.861 1.813Q7.009 1.778 7.009 1.638L7.009-0.211Q7.009-0.481 6.902-0.542Q6.794-0.604 6.483-0.604L6.483-0.884L7.543-0.959L7.543-0.310Q7.713-0.618 8.018-0.789Q8.322-0.959 8.667-0.959Q9.067-0.959 9.344-0.819Q9.621-0.679 9.706-0.331Q9.874-0.624 10.173-0.792Q10.472-0.959 10.817-0.959Q11.323-0.959 11.607-0.736Q11.890-0.512 11.890-0.016L11.890 1.638Q11.890 1.775 12.039 1.811Q12.188 1.847 12.413 1.847L12.413 2.127L10.783 2.127L10.783 1.847Q11.008 1.847 11.159 1.811Q11.309 1.775 11.309 1.638L11.309-0.002Q11.309-0.337 11.190-0.537Q11.070-0.737 10.755-0.737Q10.485-0.737 10.251-0.601Q10.017-0.464 9.879-0.230Q9.740 0.004 9.740 0.278L9.740 1.638Q9.740 1.775 9.889 1.811Q10.038 1.847 10.263 1.847L10.263 2.127L8.633 2.127L8.633 1.847Q8.862 1.847 9.011 1.813Q9.159 1.778 9.159 1.638L9.159-0.002Q9.159-0.337 9.040-0.537Q8.920-0.737 8.606-0.737Q8.336-0.737 8.101-0.601Q7.867-0.464 7.729-0.230Q7.590 0.004 7.590 0.278L7.590 1.638Q7.590 1.775 7.741 1.811Q7.891 1.847 8.117 1.847L8.117 2.127M14.645 3.484L13.015 3.484L13.015 3.204Q13.244 3.204 13.392 3.169Q13.541 3.135 13.541 2.995L13.541-0.351Q13.541-0.522 13.404-0.563Q13.268-0.604 13.015-0.604L13.015-0.884L14.095-0.959L14.095-0.553Q14.317-0.754 14.604-0.857Q14.891-0.959 15.199-0.959Q15.626-0.959 15.990-0.746Q16.354-0.532 16.568-0.168Q16.781 0.196 16.781 0.616Q16.781 1.061 16.542 1.425Q16.303 1.789 15.910 1.992Q15.517 2.195 15.072 2.195Q14.806 2.195 14.558 2.095Q14.310 1.994 14.122 1.813L14.122 2.995Q14.122 3.132 14.271 3.168Q14.420 3.204 14.645 3.204L14.645 3.484M14.122-0.204L14.122 1.406Q14.255 1.659 14.498 1.816Q14.741 1.973 15.018 1.973Q15.346 1.973 15.599 1.772Q15.852 1.570 15.985 1.252Q16.118 0.934 16.118 0.616Q16.118 0.387 16.053 0.158Q15.988-0.071 15.860-0.269Q15.732-0.467 15.537-0.587Q15.342-0.706 15.110-0.706Q14.816-0.706 14.548-0.577Q14.279-0.447 14.122-0.204M17.475 1.399Q17.475 1.067 17.699 0.840Q17.923 0.613 18.266 0.485Q18.610 0.356 18.983 0.304Q19.355 0.251 19.659 0.251L19.659-0.002Q19.659-0.207 19.552-0.387Q19.444-0.566 19.263-0.669Q19.082-0.771 18.873-0.771Q18.466-0.771 18.231-0.679Q18.319-0.642 18.366-0.558Q18.412-0.474 18.412-0.372Q18.412-0.276 18.366-0.197Q18.319-0.119 18.239-0.074Q18.159-0.030 18.070-0.030Q17.920-0.030 17.819-0.127Q17.718-0.225 17.718-0.372Q17.718-0.994 18.873-0.994Q19.085-0.994 19.335-0.930Q19.584-0.867 19.786-0.748Q19.987-0.628 20.114-0.443Q20.240-0.259 20.240-0.016L20.240 1.560Q20.240 1.676 20.302 1.772Q20.363 1.867 20.476 1.867Q20.586 1.867 20.651 1.773Q20.715 1.679 20.715 1.560L20.715 1.112L20.982 1.112L20.982 1.560Q20.982 1.830 20.755 1.995Q20.527 2.161 20.247 2.161Q20.039 2.161 19.902 2.007Q19.765 1.854 19.741 1.638Q19.594 1.905 19.312 2.050Q19.030 2.195 18.706 2.195Q18.429 2.195 18.145 2.120Q17.861 2.045 17.668 1.866Q17.475 1.686 17.475 1.399M18.090 1.399Q18.090 1.573 18.191 1.703Q18.292 1.833 18.448 1.903Q18.603 1.973 18.767 1.973Q18.986 1.973 19.194 1.876Q19.403 1.778 19.531 1.597Q19.659 1.416 19.659 1.190L19.659 0.462Q19.335 0.462 18.969 0.553Q18.603 0.644 18.347 0.856Q18.090 1.067 18.090 1.399M21.925 1.286L21.925-0.611L21.286-0.611L21.286-0.833Q21.604-0.833 21.821-1.043Q22.038-1.253 22.139-1.563Q22.240-1.872 22.240-2.180L22.506-2.180L22.506-0.891L23.583-0.891L23.583-0.611L22.506-0.611L22.506 1.273Q22.506 1.549 22.611 1.748Q22.715 1.946 22.975 1.946Q23.132 1.946 23.238 1.842Q23.344 1.737 23.393 1.584Q23.443 1.430 23.443 1.273L23.443 0.859L23.710 0.859L23.710 1.286Q23.710 1.512 23.610 1.722Q23.511 1.932 23.327 2.064Q23.142 2.195 22.913 2.195Q22.476 2.195 22.201 1.958Q21.925 1.720 21.925 1.286M26.201 2.127L24.567 2.127L24.567 1.847Q24.797 1.847 24.945 1.813Q25.094 1.778 25.094 1.638L25.094-1.981Q25.094-2.251 24.986-2.313Q24.879-2.374 24.567-2.374L24.567-2.655L25.648-2.730L25.648-0.344Q25.754-0.529 25.931-0.671Q26.109-0.812 26.317-0.886Q26.526-0.959 26.752-0.959Q27.257-0.959 27.541-0.736Q27.825-0.512 27.825-0.016L27.825 1.638Q27.825 1.775 27.974 1.811Q28.122 1.847 28.348 1.847L28.348 2.127L26.717 2.127L26.717 1.847Q26.946 1.847 27.095 1.813Q27.244 1.778 27.244 1.638L27.244-0.002Q27.244-0.337 27.124-0.537Q27.005-0.737 26.690-0.737Q26.420-0.737 26.186-0.601Q25.952-0.464 25.813-0.230Q25.675 0.004 25.675 0.278L25.675 1.638Q25.675 1.775 25.825 1.811Q25.976 1.847 26.201 1.847L26.201 2.127M28.895 0.592Q28.895 0.271 29.019-0.018Q29.144-0.307 29.370-0.530Q29.595-0.754 29.891-0.874Q30.187-0.994 30.505-0.994Q30.833-0.994 31.094-0.894Q31.356-0.795 31.532-0.613Q31.708-0.430 31.802-0.172Q31.896 0.086 31.896 0.418Q31.896 0.510 31.814 0.531L29.558 0.531L29.558 0.592Q29.558 1.180 29.841 1.563Q30.125 1.946 30.692 1.946Q31.014 1.946 31.282 1.753Q31.550 1.560 31.639 1.245Q31.646 1.204 31.721 1.190L31.814 1.190Q31.896 1.214 31.896 1.286Q31.896 1.293 31.889 1.320Q31.776 1.717 31.405 1.956Q31.034 2.195 30.610 2.195Q30.173 2.195 29.773 1.987Q29.373 1.778 29.134 1.411Q28.895 1.044 28.895 0.592M29.565 0.322L31.380 0.322Q31.380 0.045 31.282-0.207Q31.185-0.460 30.986-0.616Q30.788-0.771 30.505-0.771Q30.228-0.771 30.014-0.613Q29.800-0.454 29.682-0.199Q29.565 0.056 29.565 0.322M33.010 1.286L33.010-0.611L32.371-0.611L32.371-0.833Q32.689-0.833 32.906-1.043Q33.123-1.253 33.224-1.563Q33.324-1.872 33.324-2.180L33.591-2.180L33.591-0.891L34.668-0.891L34.668-0.611L33.591-0.611L33.591 1.273Q33.591 1.549 33.695 1.748Q33.799 1.946 34.059 1.946Q34.216 1.946 34.322 1.842Q34.428 1.737 34.478 1.584Q34.527 1.430 34.527 1.273L34.527 0.859L34.794 0.859L34.794 1.286Q34.794 1.512 34.695 1.722Q34.596 1.932 34.411 2.064Q34.227 2.195 33.998 2.195Q33.560 2.195 33.285 1.958Q33.010 1.720 33.010 1.286M37.221 2.127L35.669 2.127L35.669 1.847Q35.895 1.847 36.043 1.813Q36.192 1.778 36.192 1.638L36.192-0.211Q36.192-0.399 36.144-0.483Q36.096-0.566 35.999-0.585Q35.901-0.604 35.690-0.604L35.690-0.884L36.746-0.959L36.746 1.638Q36.746 1.778 36.877 1.813Q37.009 1.847 37.221 1.847L37.221 2.127M35.949-2.180Q35.949-2.351 36.072-2.470Q36.195-2.590 36.366-2.590Q36.534-2.590 36.657-2.470Q36.780-2.351 36.780-2.180Q36.780-2.005 36.657-1.882Q36.534-1.759 36.366-1.759Q36.195-1.759 36.072-1.882Q35.949-2.005 35.949-2.180M37.867 0.616Q37.867 0.288 38.002-0.013Q38.137-0.313 38.373-0.534Q38.609-0.754 38.913-0.874Q39.217-0.994 39.542-0.994Q40.047-0.994 40.396-0.891Q40.745-0.789 40.745-0.413Q40.745-0.266 40.647-0.165Q40.550-0.064 40.403-0.064Q40.249-0.064 40.150-0.163Q40.051-0.262 40.051-0.413Q40.051-0.601 40.191-0.693Q39.989-0.744 39.548-0.744Q39.193-0.744 38.964-0.548Q38.735-0.351 38.634-0.042Q38.533 0.268 38.533 0.616Q38.533 0.965 38.660 1.271Q38.786 1.577 39.041 1.761Q39.296 1.946 39.651 1.946Q39.873 1.946 40.058 1.862Q40.242 1.778 40.377 1.623Q40.512 1.467 40.570 1.259Q40.584 1.204 40.639 1.204L40.752 1.204Q40.782 1.204 40.805 1.228Q40.827 1.252 40.827 1.286L40.827 1.307Q40.741 1.594 40.553 1.792Q40.365 1.990 40.100 2.093Q39.836 2.195 39.542 2.195Q39.111 2.195 38.723 1.989Q38.335 1.782 38.101 1.419Q37.867 1.057 37.867 0.616\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(24.729 21.198)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M0.751 2.127L-0.883 2.127L-0.883 1.847Q-0.654 1.847-0.505 1.813Q-0.356 1.778-0.356 1.638L-0.356-1.981Q-0.356-2.251-0.464-2.313Q-0.572-2.374-0.883-2.374L-0.883-2.655L0.197-2.730L0.197-0.344Q0.303-0.529 0.481-0.671Q0.659-0.812 0.867-0.886Q1.076-0.959 1.301-0.959Q1.807-0.959 2.091-0.736Q2.375-0.512 2.375-0.016L2.375 1.638Q2.375 1.775 2.523 1.811Q2.672 1.847 2.898 1.847L2.898 2.127L1.267 2.127L1.267 1.847Q1.496 1.847 1.645 1.813Q1.794 1.778 1.794 1.638L1.794-0.002Q1.794-0.337 1.674-0.537Q1.554-0.737 1.240-0.737Q0.970-0.737 0.736-0.601Q0.502-0.464 0.363-0.230Q0.225 0.004 0.225 0.278L0.225 1.638Q0.225 1.775 0.375 1.811Q0.526 1.847 0.751 1.847L0.751 2.127M3.544 1.399Q3.544 1.067 3.767 0.840Q3.991 0.613 4.335 0.485Q4.678 0.356 5.051 0.304Q5.423 0.251 5.728 0.251L5.728-0.002Q5.728-0.207 5.620-0.387Q5.512-0.566 5.331-0.669Q5.150-0.771 4.942-0.771Q4.535-0.771 4.299-0.679Q4.388-0.642 4.434-0.558Q4.480-0.474 4.480-0.372Q4.480-0.276 4.434-0.197Q4.388-0.119 4.307-0.074Q4.227-0.030 4.138-0.030Q3.988-0.030 3.887-0.127Q3.786-0.225 3.786-0.372Q3.786-0.994 4.942-0.994Q5.153-0.994 5.403-0.930Q5.652-0.867 5.854-0.748Q6.056-0.628 6.182-0.443Q6.309-0.259 6.309-0.016L6.309 1.560Q6.309 1.676 6.370 1.772Q6.432 1.867 6.545 1.867Q6.654 1.867 6.719 1.773Q6.784 1.679 6.784 1.560L6.784 1.112L7.050 1.112L7.050 1.560Q7.050 1.830 6.823 1.995Q6.596 2.161 6.316 2.161Q6.107 2.161 5.970 2.007Q5.834 1.854 5.810 1.638Q5.663 1.905 5.381 2.050Q5.099 2.195 4.774 2.195Q4.497 2.195 4.213 2.120Q3.930 2.045 3.737 1.866Q3.544 1.686 3.544 1.399M4.159 1.399Q4.159 1.573 4.260 1.703Q4.360 1.833 4.516 1.903Q4.672 1.973 4.836 1.973Q5.054 1.973 5.263 1.876Q5.471 1.778 5.599 1.597Q5.728 1.416 5.728 1.190L5.728 0.462Q5.403 0.462 5.037 0.553Q4.672 0.644 4.415 0.856Q4.159 1.067 4.159 1.399M9.217 2.127L7.481 2.127L7.481 1.847Q7.710 1.847 7.859 1.813Q8.007 1.778 8.007 1.638L8.007-0.211Q8.007-0.481 7.900-0.542Q7.792-0.604 7.481-0.604L7.481-0.884L8.510-0.959L8.510-0.252Q8.640-0.560 8.882-0.759Q9.125-0.959 9.443-0.959Q9.662-0.959 9.833-0.835Q10.004-0.710 10.004-0.498Q10.004-0.361 9.904-0.262Q9.805-0.163 9.672-0.163Q9.535-0.163 9.436-0.262Q9.337-0.361 9.337-0.498Q9.337-0.638 9.436-0.737Q9.146-0.737 8.946-0.541Q8.746-0.344 8.653-0.050Q8.561 0.244 8.561 0.524L8.561 1.638Q8.561 1.847 9.217 1.847L9.217 2.127M10.588 0.616Q10.588 0.278 10.728-0.013Q10.868-0.303 11.113-0.517Q11.357-0.730 11.661-0.845Q11.965-0.959 12.290-0.959Q12.560-0.959 12.823-0.860Q13.087-0.761 13.278-0.583L13.278-1.981Q13.278-2.251 13.170-2.313Q13.063-2.374 12.752-2.374L12.752-2.655L13.828-2.730L13.828 1.454Q13.828 1.642 13.883 1.725Q13.938 1.809 14.038 1.828Q14.139 1.847 14.355 1.847L14.355 2.127L13.247 2.195L13.247 1.778Q12.830 2.195 12.205 2.195Q11.774 2.195 11.401 1.983Q11.029 1.772 10.808 1.411Q10.588 1.050 10.588 0.616M12.263 1.973Q12.471 1.973 12.658 1.901Q12.844 1.830 12.998 1.693Q13.151 1.556 13.247 1.378L13.247-0.231Q13.162-0.378 13.016-0.498Q12.871-0.618 12.702-0.677Q12.533-0.737 12.352-0.737Q11.791-0.737 11.523-0.348Q11.255 0.042 11.255 0.623Q11.255 1.194 11.489 1.584Q11.723 1.973 12.263 1.973M15.004 2.120L15.004 1.057Q15.004 1.033 15.031 1.006Q15.059 0.979 15.083 0.979L15.192 0.979Q15.257 0.979 15.271 1.037Q15.366 1.471 15.612 1.722Q15.859 1.973 16.272 1.973Q16.614 1.973 16.867 1.840Q17.120 1.707 17.120 1.399Q17.120 1.242 17.026 1.127Q16.932 1.013 16.793 0.944Q16.655 0.876 16.487 0.838L15.906 0.739Q15.551 0.671 15.277 0.450Q15.004 0.230 15.004-0.112Q15.004-0.361 15.115-0.536Q15.226-0.710 15.412-0.809Q15.599-0.908 15.814-0.951Q16.029-0.994 16.272-0.994Q16.686-0.994 16.966-0.812L17.181-0.987Q17.192-0.990 17.198-0.992Q17.205-0.994 17.215-0.994L17.267-0.994Q17.294-0.994 17.318-0.970Q17.342-0.946 17.342-0.918L17.342-0.071Q17.342-0.050 17.318-0.023Q17.294 0.004 17.267 0.004L17.154 0.004Q17.127 0.004 17.101-0.021Q17.075-0.047 17.075-0.071Q17.075-0.307 16.969-0.471Q16.863-0.635 16.681-0.717Q16.498-0.799 16.265-0.799Q15.937-0.799 15.681-0.696Q15.424-0.594 15.424-0.317Q15.424-0.122 15.607-0.013Q15.790 0.097 16.019 0.138L16.593 0.244Q16.839 0.292 17.053 0.420Q17.267 0.548 17.403 0.751Q17.540 0.955 17.540 1.204Q17.540 1.717 17.174 1.956Q16.809 2.195 16.272 2.195Q15.776 2.195 15.445 1.901L15.178 2.175Q15.158 2.195 15.130 2.195L15.083 2.195Q15.059 2.195 15.031 2.168Q15.004 2.141 15.004 2.120M19.851 2.127L18.217 2.127L18.217 1.847Q18.446 1.847 18.595 1.813Q18.743 1.778 18.743 1.638L18.743-1.981Q18.743-2.251 18.636-2.313Q18.528-2.374 18.217-2.374L18.217-2.655L19.297-2.730L19.297-0.344Q19.403-0.529 19.581-0.671Q19.758-0.812 19.967-0.886Q20.175-0.959 20.401-0.959Q20.907-0.959 21.191-0.736Q21.474-0.512 21.474-0.016L21.474 1.638Q21.474 1.775 21.623 1.811Q21.772 1.847 21.997 1.847L21.997 2.127L20.367 2.127L20.367 1.847Q20.596 1.847 20.745 1.813Q20.893 1.778 20.893 1.638L20.893-0.002Q20.893-0.337 20.774-0.537Q20.654-0.737 20.339-0.737Q20.069-0.737 19.835-0.601Q19.601-0.464 19.463-0.230Q19.324 0.004 19.324 0.278L19.324 1.638Q19.324 1.775 19.475 1.811Q19.625 1.847 19.851 1.847L19.851 2.127M24.202 2.127L22.650 2.127L22.650 1.847Q22.876 1.847 23.024 1.813Q23.173 1.778 23.173 1.638L23.173-0.211Q23.173-0.399 23.125-0.483Q23.077-0.566 22.980-0.585Q22.882-0.604 22.671-0.604L22.671-0.884L23.727-0.959L23.727 1.638Q23.727 1.778 23.858 1.813Q23.990 1.847 24.202 1.847L24.202 2.127M22.930-2.180Q22.930-2.351 23.053-2.470Q23.176-2.590 23.347-2.590Q23.515-2.590 23.638-2.470Q23.761-2.351 23.761-2.180Q23.761-2.005 23.638-1.882Q23.515-1.759 23.347-1.759Q23.176-1.759 23.053-1.882Q22.930-2.005 22.930-2.180M26.492 3.484L24.861 3.484L24.861 3.204Q25.090 3.204 25.239 3.169Q25.388 3.135 25.388 2.995L25.388-0.351Q25.388-0.522 25.251-0.563Q25.114-0.604 24.861-0.604L24.861-0.884L25.942-0.959L25.942-0.553Q26.164-0.754 26.451-0.857Q26.738-0.959 27.046-0.959Q27.473-0.959 27.837-0.746Q28.201-0.532 28.414-0.168Q28.628 0.196 28.628 0.616Q28.628 1.061 28.389 1.425Q28.150 1.789 27.756 1.992Q27.363 2.195 26.919 2.195Q26.652 2.195 26.405 2.095Q26.157 1.994 25.969 1.813L25.969 2.995Q25.969 3.132 26.118 3.168Q26.266 3.204 26.492 3.204L26.492 3.484M25.969-0.204L25.969 1.406Q26.102 1.659 26.345 1.816Q26.588 1.973 26.864 1.973Q27.192 1.973 27.445 1.772Q27.698 1.570 27.832 1.252Q27.965 0.934 27.965 0.616Q27.965 0.387 27.900 0.158Q27.835-0.071 27.707-0.269Q27.579-0.467 27.384-0.587Q27.189-0.706 26.957-0.706Q26.663-0.706 26.394-0.577Q26.126-0.447 25.969-0.204\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr8\" font-size=\"8\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(138.61 -65.509)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M1.466 2.127L-0.893 2.127L-0.893 1.830Q-0.569 1.830-0.327 1.783Q-0.085 1.736-0.085 1.568L-0.085-2.775Q-0.085-2.947-0.327-2.994Q-0.569-3.041-0.893-3.041L-0.893-3.338L1.700-3.338Q2.032-3.338 2.419-3.252Q2.806-3.166 3.153-2.992Q3.501-2.818 3.720-2.537Q3.939-2.256 3.939-1.889Q3.939-1.564 3.737-1.299Q3.536-1.033 3.230-0.857Q2.923-0.682 2.595-0.592Q2.962-0.471 3.222-0.201Q3.482 0.068 3.532 0.432L3.626 1.127Q3.696 1.576 3.794 1.807Q3.892 2.037 4.189 2.037Q4.435 2.037 4.567 1.820Q4.700 1.604 4.700 1.342Q4.720 1.268 4.802 1.248L4.884 1.248Q4.978 1.272 4.978 1.365Q4.978 1.596 4.880 1.811Q4.782 2.025 4.605 2.160Q4.427 2.295 4.196 2.295Q3.599 2.295 3.181 2.008Q2.763 1.721 2.763 1.150L2.763 0.455Q2.763 0.174 2.610-0.041Q2.458-0.256 2.208-0.369Q1.958-0.482 1.685-0.482L0.657-0.482L0.657 1.568Q0.657 1.732 0.901 1.781Q1.146 1.830 1.466 1.830L1.466 2.127M0.657-2.775L0.657-0.736L1.587-0.736Q1.907-0.736 2.175-0.789Q2.442-0.842 2.642-0.969Q2.841-1.096 2.958-1.328Q3.075-1.561 3.075-1.889Q3.075-2.541 2.679-2.791Q2.282-3.041 1.587-3.041L1.060-3.041Q0.841-3.041 0.749-2.998Q0.657-2.955 0.657-2.775M5.239 0.432Q5.239-0.072 5.495-0.504Q5.751-0.936 6.187-1.187Q6.622-1.439 7.122-1.439Q7.509-1.439 7.851-1.295Q8.192-1.150 8.454-0.889Q8.716-0.627 8.859-0.291Q9.001 0.045 9.001 0.432Q9.001 0.924 8.737 1.334Q8.474 1.744 8.044 1.975Q7.614 2.205 7.122 2.205Q6.630 2.205 6.196 1.973Q5.763 1.740 5.501 1.332Q5.239 0.924 5.239 0.432M7.122 1.928Q7.579 1.928 7.831 1.705Q8.083 1.482 8.171 1.131Q8.259 0.779 8.259 0.334Q8.259-0.096 8.165-0.434Q8.071-0.771 7.817-0.978Q7.564-1.186 7.122-1.186Q6.474-1.186 6.230-0.769Q5.985-0.353 5.985 0.334Q5.985 0.779 6.073 1.131Q6.161 1.482 6.413 1.705Q6.665 1.928 7.122 1.928M11.400 2.127L9.567 2.127L9.567 1.830Q9.841 1.830 10.009 1.783Q10.177 1.736 10.177 1.568L10.177-2.592Q10.177-2.807 10.114-2.902Q10.052-2.998 9.933-3.019Q9.814-3.041 9.567-3.041L9.567-3.338L10.790-3.424L10.790 1.568Q10.790 1.736 10.958 1.783Q11.126 1.830 11.400 1.830L11.400 2.127M11.845 0.373Q11.845-0.107 12.077-0.523Q12.310-0.939 12.720-1.189Q13.130-1.439 13.607-1.439Q14.337-1.439 14.735-0.998Q15.134-0.557 15.134 0.174Q15.134 0.279 15.040 0.303L12.591 0.303L12.591 0.373Q12.591 0.783 12.712 1.139Q12.833 1.494 13.105 1.711Q13.376 1.928 13.806 1.928Q14.169 1.928 14.466 1.699Q14.763 1.471 14.864 1.119Q14.872 1.072 14.958 1.057L15.040 1.057Q15.134 1.084 15.134 1.166Q15.134 1.174 15.126 1.205Q15.064 1.432 14.925 1.615Q14.786 1.799 14.595 1.932Q14.403 2.064 14.185 2.135Q13.966 2.205 13.728 2.205Q13.357 2.205 13.019 2.068Q12.681 1.932 12.413 1.680Q12.146 1.428 11.995 1.088Q11.845 0.748 11.845 0.373M12.599 0.064L14.560 0.064Q14.560-0.240 14.458-0.531Q14.357-0.822 14.140-1.004Q13.923-1.186 13.607-1.186Q13.306-1.186 13.075-0.998Q12.845-0.811 12.722-0.519Q12.599-0.228 12.599 0.064M18.978 2.127L16.185 2.127L16.185 1.830Q17.247 1.830 17.247 1.568L17.247-2.600Q16.817-2.385 16.138-2.385L16.138-2.682Q17.157-2.682 17.673-3.193L17.817-3.193Q17.892-3.174 17.911-3.096L17.911 1.568Q17.911 1.830 18.978 1.830\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(138.61 -65.509)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M24.519 2.096L23.296-0.760Q23.214-0.936 23.070-0.980Q22.925-1.025 22.656-1.025L22.656-1.322L24.367-1.322L24.367-1.025Q23.945-1.025 23.945-0.842Q23.945-0.807 23.960-0.760L24.906 1.432L25.746-0.545Q25.785-0.623 25.785-0.713Q25.785-0.853 25.679-0.939Q25.574-1.025 25.433-1.025L25.433-1.322L26.785-1.322L26.785-1.025Q26.261-1.025 26.046-0.545L24.921 2.096Q24.859 2.205 24.753 2.205L24.687 2.205Q24.574 2.205 24.519 2.096M29.058 2.127L27.281 2.127L27.281 1.830Q27.554 1.830 27.722 1.783Q27.890 1.736 27.890 1.568L27.890-0.568Q27.890-0.783 27.834-0.879Q27.777-0.975 27.664-0.996Q27.550-1.018 27.304-1.018L27.304-1.314L28.503-1.400L28.503 1.568Q28.503 1.736 28.650 1.783Q28.796 1.830 29.058 1.830L29.058 2.127M27.617-2.795Q27.617-2.986 27.751-3.117Q27.886-3.248 28.082-3.248Q28.203-3.248 28.306-3.186Q28.410-3.123 28.472-3.019Q28.535-2.916 28.535-2.795Q28.535-2.600 28.404-2.465Q28.273-2.330 28.082-2.330Q27.882-2.330 27.750-2.463Q27.617-2.596 27.617-2.795M29.558 0.432Q29.558-0.072 29.814-0.504Q30.070-0.936 30.505-1.187Q30.941-1.439 31.441-1.439Q31.828-1.439 32.169-1.295Q32.511-1.150 32.773-0.889Q33.035-0.627 33.177-0.291Q33.320 0.045 33.320 0.432Q33.320 0.924 33.056 1.334Q32.793 1.744 32.363 1.975Q31.933 2.205 31.441 2.205Q30.949 2.205 30.515 1.973Q30.082 1.740 29.820 1.332Q29.558 0.924 29.558 0.432M31.441 1.928Q31.898 1.928 32.150 1.705Q32.402 1.482 32.490 1.131Q32.578 0.779 32.578 0.334Q32.578-0.096 32.484-0.434Q32.390-0.771 32.136-0.978Q31.882-1.186 31.441-1.186Q30.793-1.186 30.548-0.769Q30.304-0.353 30.304 0.334Q30.304 0.779 30.392 1.131Q30.480 1.482 30.732 1.705Q30.984 1.928 31.441 1.928M35.718 2.127L33.886 2.127L33.886 1.830Q34.160 1.830 34.328 1.783Q34.496 1.736 34.496 1.568L34.496-2.592Q34.496-2.807 34.433-2.902Q34.371-2.998 34.251-3.019Q34.132-3.041 33.886-3.041L33.886-3.338L35.109-3.424L35.109 1.568Q35.109 1.736 35.277 1.783Q35.445 1.830 35.718 1.830L35.718 2.127M36.261 1.295Q36.261 0.811 36.664 0.516Q37.066 0.221 37.617 0.102Q38.168-0.018 38.660-0.018L38.660-0.307Q38.660-0.533 38.544-0.740Q38.429-0.947 38.232-1.066Q38.035-1.186 37.804-1.186Q37.378-1.186 37.093-1.080Q37.164-1.053 37.210-0.998Q37.257-0.943 37.283-0.873Q37.308-0.803 37.308-0.728Q37.308-0.623 37.257-0.531Q37.207-0.439 37.115-0.389Q37.023-0.338 36.918-0.338Q36.812-0.338 36.720-0.389Q36.628-0.439 36.578-0.531Q36.527-0.623 36.527-0.728Q36.527-1.146 36.916-1.293Q37.304-1.439 37.804-1.439Q38.136-1.439 38.490-1.309Q38.843-1.178 39.072-0.924Q39.300-0.670 39.300-0.322L39.300 1.479Q39.300 1.611 39.373 1.721Q39.445 1.830 39.574 1.830Q39.699 1.830 39.767 1.725Q39.835 1.619 39.835 1.479L39.835 0.967L40.117 0.967L40.117 1.479Q40.117 1.682 40 1.840Q39.882 1.998 39.701 2.082Q39.519 2.166 39.316 2.166Q39.085 2.166 38.933 1.994Q38.781 1.822 38.750 1.592Q38.589 1.873 38.281 2.039Q37.972 2.205 37.621 2.205Q37.109 2.205 36.685 1.982Q36.261 1.760 36.261 1.295M36.949 1.295Q36.949 1.580 37.175 1.766Q37.402 1.951 37.695 1.951Q37.941 1.951 38.166 1.834Q38.390 1.717 38.525 1.514Q38.660 1.311 38.660 1.057L38.660 0.225Q38.394 0.225 38.109 0.279Q37.824 0.334 37.552 0.463Q37.281 0.592 37.115 0.799Q36.949 1.006 36.949 1.295M41.035 1.166L41.035-1.025L40.332-1.025L40.332-1.279Q40.687-1.279 40.929-1.512Q41.171-1.744 41.283-2.092Q41.394-2.439 41.394-2.795L41.675-2.795L41.675-1.322L42.851-1.322L42.851-1.025L41.675-1.025L41.675 1.150Q41.675 1.471 41.794 1.699Q41.914 1.928 42.195 1.928Q42.375 1.928 42.492 1.805Q42.609 1.682 42.662 1.502Q42.714 1.322 42.714 1.150L42.714 0.678L42.996 0.678L42.996 1.166Q42.996 1.420 42.890 1.660Q42.785 1.900 42.587 2.053Q42.390 2.205 42.132 2.205Q41.816 2.205 41.564 2.082Q41.312 1.959 41.173 1.725Q41.035 1.490 41.035 1.166M43.714 0.373Q43.714-0.107 43.947-0.523Q44.179-0.939 44.589-1.189Q45-1.439 45.476-1.439Q46.207-1.439 46.605-0.998Q47.003-0.557 47.003 0.174Q47.003 0.279 46.910 0.303L44.460 0.303L44.460 0.373Q44.460 0.783 44.582 1.139Q44.703 1.494 44.974 1.711Q45.246 1.928 45.675 1.928Q46.039 1.928 46.335 1.699Q46.632 1.471 46.734 1.119Q46.742 1.072 46.828 1.057L46.910 1.057Q47.003 1.084 47.003 1.166Q47.003 1.174 46.996 1.205Q46.933 1.432 46.794 1.615Q46.656 1.799 46.464 1.932Q46.273 2.064 46.054 2.135Q45.835 2.205 45.597 2.205Q45.226 2.205 44.888 2.068Q44.550 1.932 44.283 1.680Q44.015 1.428 43.865 1.088Q43.714 0.748 43.714 0.373M44.468 0.064L46.429 0.064Q46.429-0.240 46.328-0.531Q46.226-0.822 46.009-1.004Q45.793-1.186 45.476-1.186Q45.175-1.186 44.945-0.998Q44.714-0.811 44.591-0.519Q44.468-0.228 44.468 0.064M47.535 2.119L47.535 0.897Q47.535 0.869 47.566 0.838Q47.597 0.807 47.621 0.807L47.726 0.807Q47.796 0.807 47.812 0.869Q47.875 1.189 48.013 1.430Q48.152 1.670 48.384 1.811Q48.617 1.951 48.925 1.951Q49.164 1.951 49.373 1.891Q49.582 1.830 49.718 1.682Q49.855 1.533 49.855 1.287Q49.855 1.033 49.644 0.867Q49.433 0.701 49.164 0.647L48.543 0.533Q48.136 0.455 47.835 0.199Q47.535-0.057 47.535-0.432Q47.535-0.799 47.736-1.021Q47.937-1.244 48.261-1.342Q48.585-1.439 48.925-1.439Q49.390-1.439 49.687-1.232L49.910-1.416Q49.933-1.439 49.964-1.439L50.015-1.439Q50.046-1.439 50.074-1.412Q50.101-1.385 50.101-1.353L50.101-0.369Q50.101-0.338 50.076-0.309Q50.050-0.279 50.015-0.279L49.910-0.279Q49.875-0.279 49.847-0.307Q49.820-0.334 49.820-0.369Q49.820-0.768 49.568-0.988Q49.316-1.209 48.918-1.209Q48.562-1.209 48.279-1.086Q47.996-0.963 47.996-0.658Q47.996-0.439 48.197-0.307Q48.398-0.174 48.644-0.131L49.269-0.018Q49.699 0.072 50.007 0.369Q50.316 0.666 50.316 1.080Q50.316 1.650 49.918 1.928Q49.519 2.205 48.925 2.205Q48.375 2.205 48.023 1.869L47.726 2.182Q47.703 2.205 47.668 2.205L47.621 2.205Q47.597 2.205 47.566 2.174Q47.535 2.143 47.535 2.119\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(138.61 -65.509)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M56.170 2.127L53.811 2.127L53.811 1.830Q54.135 1.830 54.377 1.783Q54.619 1.736 54.619 1.568L54.619-2.775Q54.619-2.947 54.377-2.994Q54.135-3.041 53.811-3.041L53.811-3.338L56.404-3.338Q56.736-3.338 57.123-3.252Q57.510-3.166 57.857-2.992Q58.205-2.818 58.424-2.537Q58.643-2.256 58.643-1.889Q58.643-1.564 58.441-1.299Q58.240-1.033 57.934-0.857Q57.627-0.682 57.299-0.592Q57.666-0.471 57.926-0.201Q58.186 0.068 58.236 0.432L58.330 1.127Q58.400 1.576 58.498 1.807Q58.596 2.037 58.893 2.037Q59.139 2.037 59.272 1.820Q59.404 1.604 59.404 1.342Q59.424 1.268 59.506 1.248L59.588 1.248Q59.682 1.272 59.682 1.365Q59.682 1.596 59.584 1.811Q59.486 2.025 59.309 2.160Q59.131 2.295 58.900 2.295Q58.303 2.295 57.885 2.008Q57.467 1.721 57.467 1.150L57.467 0.455Q57.467 0.174 57.314-0.041Q57.162-0.256 56.912-0.369Q56.662-0.482 56.389-0.482L55.361-0.482L55.361 1.568Q55.361 1.732 55.605 1.781Q55.850 1.830 56.170 1.830L56.170 2.127M55.361-2.775L55.361-0.736L56.291-0.736Q56.611-0.736 56.879-0.789Q57.147-0.842 57.346-0.969Q57.545-1.096 57.662-1.328Q57.779-1.561 57.779-1.889Q57.779-2.541 57.383-2.791Q56.986-3.041 56.291-3.041L55.764-3.041Q55.545-3.041 55.453-2.998Q55.361-2.955 55.361-2.775M59.943 0.432Q59.943-0.072 60.199-0.504Q60.455-0.936 60.891-1.187Q61.326-1.439 61.826-1.439Q62.213-1.439 62.555-1.295Q62.897-1.150 63.158-0.889Q63.420-0.627 63.563-0.291Q63.705 0.045 63.705 0.432Q63.705 0.924 63.441 1.334Q63.178 1.744 62.748 1.975Q62.318 2.205 61.826 2.205Q61.334 2.205 60.900 1.973Q60.467 1.740 60.205 1.332Q59.943 0.924 59.943 0.432M61.826 1.928Q62.283 1.928 62.535 1.705Q62.787 1.482 62.875 1.131Q62.963 0.779 62.963 0.334Q62.963-0.096 62.869-0.434Q62.775-0.771 62.522-0.978Q62.268-1.186 61.826-1.186Q61.178-1.186 60.934-0.769Q60.689-0.353 60.689 0.334Q60.689 0.779 60.777 1.131Q60.865 1.482 61.117 1.705Q61.369 1.928 61.826 1.928M66.104 2.127L64.272 2.127L64.272 1.830Q64.545 1.830 64.713 1.783Q64.881 1.736 64.881 1.568L64.881-2.592Q64.881-2.807 64.818-2.902Q64.756-2.998 64.637-3.019Q64.518-3.041 64.272-3.041L64.272-3.338L65.494-3.424L65.494 1.568Q65.494 1.736 65.662 1.783Q65.830 1.830 66.104 1.830L66.104 2.127M66.549 0.373Q66.549-0.107 66.781-0.523Q67.014-0.939 67.424-1.189Q67.834-1.439 68.311-1.439Q69.041-1.439 69.439-0.998Q69.838-0.557 69.838 0.174Q69.838 0.279 69.744 0.303L67.295 0.303L67.295 0.373Q67.295 0.783 67.416 1.139Q67.537 1.494 67.809 1.711Q68.080 1.928 68.510 1.928Q68.873 1.928 69.170 1.699Q69.467 1.471 69.568 1.119Q69.576 1.072 69.662 1.057L69.744 1.057Q69.838 1.084 69.838 1.166Q69.838 1.174 69.830 1.205Q69.768 1.432 69.629 1.615Q69.490 1.799 69.299 1.932Q69.107 2.064 68.889 2.135Q68.670 2.205 68.432 2.205Q68.061 2.205 67.723 2.068Q67.385 1.932 67.117 1.680Q66.850 1.428 66.699 1.088Q66.549 0.748 66.549 0.373M67.303 0.064L69.264 0.064Q69.264-0.240 69.162-0.531Q69.061-0.822 68.844-1.004Q68.627-1.186 68.311-1.186Q68.010-1.186 67.779-0.998Q67.549-0.811 67.426-0.519Q67.303-0.228 67.303 0.064M73.674 2.127L70.514 2.127L70.514 1.920Q70.514 1.893 70.537 1.861L71.889 0.463Q72.268 0.076 72.516-0.213Q72.764-0.502 72.938-0.859Q73.111-1.217 73.111-1.607Q73.111-1.955 72.979-2.248Q72.846-2.541 72.592-2.719Q72.338-2.896 71.982-2.896Q71.623-2.896 71.332-2.701Q71.041-2.506 70.897-2.178L70.951-2.178Q71.135-2.178 71.260-2.057Q71.385-1.936 71.385-1.744Q71.385-1.564 71.260-1.436Q71.135-1.307 70.951-1.307Q70.772-1.307 70.643-1.436Q70.514-1.564 70.514-1.744Q70.514-2.146 70.734-2.482Q70.955-2.818 71.320-3.006Q71.686-3.193 72.088-3.193Q72.568-3.193 72.984-3.006Q73.400-2.818 73.652-2.457Q73.904-2.096 73.904-1.607Q73.904-1.248 73.750-0.945Q73.596-0.643 73.344-0.383Q73.092-0.123 72.742 0.162Q72.393 0.447 72.225 0.600L71.295 1.439L72.010 1.439Q73.385 1.439 73.424 1.400Q73.494 1.322 73.537 1.137Q73.580 0.951 73.623 0.662L73.904 0.662\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.240\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M156.668-29.17h36.988v-17.072h-36.988Z\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(165.956 -37.48)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M0.457 2.100L-0.524-0.399Q-0.585-0.542-0.703-0.577Q-0.821-0.611-1.037-0.611L-1.037-0.891L0.443-0.891L0.443-0.611Q0.064-0.611 0.064-0.450Q0.064-0.440 0.078-0.399L0.792 1.433L1.465-0.272Q1.435-0.344 1.435-0.372Q1.435-0.399 1.407-0.399Q1.346-0.546 1.228-0.578Q1.110-0.611 0.898-0.611L0.898-0.891L2.296-0.891L2.296-0.611Q1.920-0.611 1.920-0.450Q1.920-0.419 1.927-0.399L2.682 1.539L3.369-0.211Q3.390-0.262 3.390-0.317Q3.390-0.457 3.277-0.534Q3.164-0.611 3.024-0.611L3.024-0.891L4.244-0.891L4.244-0.611Q4.039-0.611 3.884-0.505Q3.728-0.399 3.656-0.211L2.751 2.100Q2.716 2.195 2.604 2.195L2.535 2.195Q2.426 2.195 2.388 2.100L1.606 0.097L0.819 2.100Q0.785 2.195 0.672 2.195L0.604 2.195Q0.495 2.195 0.457 2.100M6.524 2.127L4.788 2.127L4.788 1.847Q5.017 1.847 5.165 1.813Q5.314 1.778 5.314 1.638L5.314-0.211Q5.314-0.481 5.206-0.542Q5.099-0.604 4.788-0.604L4.788-0.884L5.817-0.959L5.817-0.252Q5.946-0.560 6.189-0.759Q6.432-0.959 6.750-0.959Q6.968-0.959 7.139-0.835Q7.310-0.710 7.310-0.498Q7.310-0.361 7.211-0.262Q7.112-0.163 6.979-0.163Q6.842-0.163 6.743-0.262Q6.644-0.361 6.644-0.498Q6.644-0.638 6.743-0.737Q6.452-0.737 6.252-0.541Q6.052-0.344 5.960-0.050Q5.868 0.244 5.868 0.524L5.868 1.638Q5.868 1.847 6.524 1.847L6.524 2.127M9.511 2.127L7.960 2.127L7.960 1.847Q8.185 1.847 8.334 1.813Q8.483 1.778 8.483 1.638L8.483-0.211Q8.483-0.399 8.435-0.483Q8.387-0.566 8.289-0.585Q8.192-0.604 7.980-0.604L7.980-0.884L9.036-0.959L9.036 1.638Q9.036 1.778 9.168 1.813Q9.299 1.847 9.511 1.847L9.511 2.127M8.240-2.180Q8.240-2.351 8.363-2.470Q8.486-2.590 8.657-2.590Q8.824-2.590 8.947-2.470Q9.070-2.351 9.070-2.180Q9.070-2.005 8.947-1.882Q8.824-1.759 8.657-1.759Q8.486-1.759 8.363-1.882Q8.240-2.005 8.240-2.180M10.684 1.286L10.684-0.611L10.045-0.611L10.045-0.833Q10.362-0.833 10.579-1.043Q10.797-1.253 10.897-1.563Q10.998-1.872 10.998-2.180L11.265-2.180L11.265-0.891L12.341-0.891L12.341-0.611L11.265-0.611L11.265 1.273Q11.265 1.549 11.369 1.748Q11.473 1.946 11.733 1.946Q11.890 1.946 11.996 1.842Q12.102 1.737 12.152 1.584Q12.201 1.430 12.201 1.273L12.201 0.859L12.468 0.859L12.468 1.286Q12.468 1.512 12.369 1.722Q12.270 1.932 12.085 2.064Q11.901 2.195 11.672 2.195Q11.234 2.195 10.959 1.958Q10.684 1.720 10.684 1.286M13.237 0.592Q13.237 0.271 13.362-0.018Q13.486-0.307 13.712-0.530Q13.938-0.754 14.233-0.874Q14.529-0.994 14.847-0.994Q15.175-0.994 15.436-0.894Q15.698-0.795 15.874-0.613Q16.050-0.430 16.144-0.172Q16.238 0.086 16.238 0.418Q16.238 0.510 16.156 0.531L13.900 0.531L13.900 0.592Q13.900 1.180 14.184 1.563Q14.467 1.946 15.035 1.946Q15.356 1.946 15.624 1.753Q15.893 1.560 15.982 1.245Q15.988 1.204 16.064 1.190L16.156 1.190Q16.238 1.214 16.238 1.286Q16.238 1.293 16.231 1.320Q16.118 1.717 15.747 1.956Q15.377 2.195 14.953 2.195Q14.515 2.195 14.115 1.987Q13.715 1.778 13.476 1.411Q13.237 1.044 13.237 0.592M13.907 0.322L15.722 0.322Q15.722 0.045 15.624-0.207Q15.527-0.460 15.329-0.616Q15.130-0.771 14.847-0.771Q14.570-0.771 14.356-0.613Q14.143-0.454 14.025-0.199Q13.907 0.056 13.907 0.322M18.576 2.127L16.839 2.127L16.839 1.847Q17.068 1.847 17.217 1.813Q17.366 1.778 17.366 1.638L17.366-0.211Q17.366-0.481 17.258-0.542Q17.151-0.604 16.839-0.604L16.839-0.884L17.868-0.959L17.868-0.252Q17.998-0.560 18.241-0.759Q18.484-0.959 18.801-0.959Q19.020-0.959 19.191-0.835Q19.362-0.710 19.362-0.498Q19.362-0.361 19.263-0.262Q19.164-0.163 19.030-0.163Q18.894-0.163 18.795-0.262Q18.695-0.361 18.695-0.498Q18.695-0.638 18.795-0.737Q18.504-0.737 18.304-0.541Q18.104-0.344 18.012-0.050Q17.920 0.244 17.920 0.524L17.920 1.638Q17.920 1.847 18.576 1.847\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M116.834 10.663h36.989V-6.409h-36.989Z\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(126.775 2.43)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M1.254 2.127L-0.852 2.127L-0.852 1.847Q-0.131 1.847-0.131 1.638L-0.131-2.163Q-0.131-2.374-0.852-2.374L-0.852-2.655L1.486-2.655Q1.797-2.655 2.140-2.581Q2.484-2.508 2.805-2.352Q3.127-2.197 3.328-1.951Q3.530-1.705 3.530-1.380Q3.530-1.093 3.342-0.862Q3.154-0.631 2.877-0.483Q2.600-0.334 2.310-0.252Q2.645-0.149 2.879 0.083Q3.113 0.315 3.157 0.644L3.243 1.252Q3.270 1.464 3.316 1.633Q3.362 1.802 3.467 1.922Q3.571 2.042 3.759 2.042Q3.974 2.042 4.090 1.857Q4.207 1.672 4.207 1.440Q4.224 1.375 4.299 1.358L4.391 1.358Q4.473 1.378 4.473 1.460Q4.473 1.666 4.383 1.852Q4.292 2.038 4.126 2.153Q3.961 2.267 3.759 2.267Q3.421 2.267 3.127 2.166Q2.833 2.065 2.648 1.843Q2.463 1.621 2.463 1.273L2.463 0.664Q2.463 0.415 2.320 0.228Q2.176 0.042 1.953-0.057Q1.729-0.156 1.479-0.156L0.532-0.156L0.532 1.638Q0.532 1.847 1.254 1.847L1.254 2.127M0.532-2.163L0.532-0.378L1.387-0.378Q1.674-0.378 1.913-0.421Q2.152-0.464 2.340-0.573Q2.528-0.683 2.640-0.881Q2.751-1.079 2.751-1.380Q2.751-1.957 2.383-2.166Q2.016-2.374 1.387-2.374L0.898-2.374Q0.710-2.374 0.621-2.340Q0.532-2.306 0.532-2.163M4.832 0.644Q4.832 0.302 4.967 0.003Q5.102-0.296 5.341-0.520Q5.581-0.744 5.899-0.869Q6.216-0.994 6.548-0.994Q6.992-0.994 7.392-0.778Q7.792-0.563 8.026-0.185Q8.260 0.192 8.260 0.644Q8.260 0.985 8.119 1.269Q7.977 1.553 7.732 1.760Q7.488 1.966 7.179 2.081Q6.869 2.195 6.548 2.195Q6.117 2.195 5.716 1.994Q5.314 1.792 5.073 1.440Q4.832 1.088 4.832 0.644M6.548 1.946Q7.150 1.946 7.373 1.568Q7.597 1.190 7.597 0.558Q7.597-0.054 7.363-0.413Q7.129-0.771 6.548-0.771Q5.495-0.771 5.495 0.558Q5.495 1.190 5.721 1.568Q5.946 1.946 6.548 1.946M10.523 2.127L8.920 2.127L8.920 1.847Q9.146 1.847 9.294 1.813Q9.443 1.778 9.443 1.638L9.443-1.981Q9.443-2.251 9.335-2.313Q9.228-2.374 8.920-2.374L8.920-2.655L9.997-2.730L9.997 1.638Q9.997 1.775 10.147 1.811Q10.297 1.847 10.523 1.847L10.523 2.127M11.077 0.592Q11.077 0.271 11.202-0.018Q11.326-0.307 11.552-0.530Q11.777-0.754 12.073-0.874Q12.369-0.994 12.687-0.994Q13.015-0.994 13.276-0.894Q13.538-0.795 13.714-0.613Q13.890-0.430 13.984-0.172Q14.078 0.086 14.078 0.418Q14.078 0.510 13.996 0.531L11.740 0.531L11.740 0.592Q11.740 1.180 12.024 1.563Q12.307 1.946 12.875 1.946Q13.196 1.946 13.464 1.753Q13.733 1.560 13.821 1.245Q13.828 1.204 13.903 1.190L13.996 1.190Q14.078 1.214 14.078 1.286Q14.078 1.293 14.071 1.320Q13.958 1.717 13.587 1.956Q13.216 2.195 12.793 2.195Q12.355 2.195 11.955 1.987Q11.555 1.778 11.316 1.411Q11.077 1.044 11.077 0.592M11.747 0.322L13.562 0.322Q13.562 0.045 13.464-0.207Q13.367-0.460 13.169-0.616Q12.970-0.771 12.687-0.771Q12.410-0.771 12.196-0.613Q11.983-0.454 11.865-0.199Q11.747 0.056 11.747 0.322M17.677 2.127L15.148 2.127L15.148 1.847Q16.115 1.847 16.115 1.638L16.115-1.981Q15.722-1.793 15.100-1.793L15.100-2.074Q15.517-2.074 15.881-2.175Q16.245-2.275 16.501-2.521L16.628-2.521Q16.692-2.504 16.710-2.436L16.710 1.638Q16.710 1.847 17.677 1.847\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M196.501 10.663h36.989V-6.409h-36.989Z\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(206.442 2.43)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M1.254 2.127L-0.852 2.127L-0.852 1.847Q-0.131 1.847-0.131 1.638L-0.131-2.163Q-0.131-2.374-0.852-2.374L-0.852-2.655L1.486-2.655Q1.797-2.655 2.140-2.581Q2.484-2.508 2.805-2.352Q3.127-2.197 3.328-1.951Q3.530-1.705 3.530-1.380Q3.530-1.093 3.342-0.862Q3.154-0.631 2.877-0.483Q2.600-0.334 2.310-0.252Q2.645-0.149 2.879 0.083Q3.113 0.315 3.157 0.644L3.243 1.252Q3.270 1.464 3.316 1.633Q3.362 1.802 3.467 1.922Q3.571 2.042 3.759 2.042Q3.974 2.042 4.090 1.857Q4.207 1.672 4.207 1.440Q4.224 1.375 4.299 1.358L4.391 1.358Q4.473 1.378 4.473 1.460Q4.473 1.666 4.383 1.852Q4.292 2.038 4.126 2.153Q3.961 2.267 3.759 2.267Q3.421 2.267 3.127 2.166Q2.833 2.065 2.648 1.843Q2.463 1.621 2.463 1.273L2.463 0.664Q2.463 0.415 2.320 0.228Q2.176 0.042 1.953-0.057Q1.729-0.156 1.479-0.156L0.532-0.156L0.532 1.638Q0.532 1.847 1.254 1.847L1.254 2.127M0.532-2.163L0.532-0.378L1.387-0.378Q1.674-0.378 1.913-0.421Q2.152-0.464 2.340-0.573Q2.528-0.683 2.640-0.881Q2.751-1.079 2.751-1.380Q2.751-1.957 2.383-2.166Q2.016-2.374 1.387-2.374L0.898-2.374Q0.710-2.374 0.621-2.340Q0.532-2.306 0.532-2.163M4.832 0.644Q4.832 0.302 4.967 0.003Q5.102-0.296 5.341-0.520Q5.581-0.744 5.899-0.869Q6.216-0.994 6.548-0.994Q6.992-0.994 7.392-0.778Q7.792-0.563 8.026-0.185Q8.260 0.192 8.260 0.644Q8.260 0.985 8.119 1.269Q7.977 1.553 7.732 1.760Q7.488 1.966 7.179 2.081Q6.869 2.195 6.548 2.195Q6.117 2.195 5.716 1.994Q5.314 1.792 5.073 1.440Q4.832 1.088 4.832 0.644M6.548 1.946Q7.150 1.946 7.373 1.568Q7.597 1.190 7.597 0.558Q7.597-0.054 7.363-0.413Q7.129-0.771 6.548-0.771Q5.495-0.771 5.495 0.558Q5.495 1.190 5.721 1.568Q5.946 1.946 6.548 1.946M10.523 2.127L8.920 2.127L8.920 1.847Q9.146 1.847 9.294 1.813Q9.443 1.778 9.443 1.638L9.443-1.981Q9.443-2.251 9.335-2.313Q9.228-2.374 8.920-2.374L8.920-2.655L9.997-2.730L9.997 1.638Q9.997 1.775 10.147 1.811Q10.297 1.847 10.523 1.847L10.523 2.127M11.077 0.592Q11.077 0.271 11.202-0.018Q11.326-0.307 11.552-0.530Q11.777-0.754 12.073-0.874Q12.369-0.994 12.687-0.994Q13.015-0.994 13.276-0.894Q13.538-0.795 13.714-0.613Q13.890-0.430 13.984-0.172Q14.078 0.086 14.078 0.418Q14.078 0.510 13.996 0.531L11.740 0.531L11.740 0.592Q11.740 1.180 12.024 1.563Q12.307 1.946 12.875 1.946Q13.196 1.946 13.464 1.753Q13.733 1.560 13.821 1.245Q13.828 1.204 13.903 1.190L13.996 1.190Q14.078 1.214 14.078 1.286Q14.078 1.293 14.071 1.320Q13.958 1.717 13.587 1.956Q13.216 2.195 12.793 2.195Q12.355 2.195 11.955 1.987Q11.555 1.778 11.316 1.411Q11.077 1.044 11.077 0.592M11.747 0.322L13.562 0.322Q13.562 0.045 13.464-0.207Q13.367-0.460 13.169-0.616Q12.970-0.771 12.687-0.771Q12.410-0.771 12.196-0.613Q11.983-0.454 11.865-0.199Q11.747 0.056 11.747 0.322M17.677 2.127L14.792 2.127L14.792 1.925Q14.792 1.895 14.819 1.867L16.067 0.650Q16.139 0.575 16.182 0.533Q16.224 0.490 16.303 0.411Q16.716-0.002 16.947-0.360Q17.178-0.717 17.178-1.141Q17.178-1.373 17.099-1.576Q17.021-1.780 16.879-1.930Q16.737-2.081 16.542-2.161Q16.347-2.241 16.115-2.241Q15.804-2.241 15.546-2.082Q15.288-1.923 15.158-1.646L15.178-1.646Q15.346-1.646 15.453-1.535Q15.561-1.424 15.561-1.260Q15.561-1.103 15.452-0.990Q15.342-0.877 15.178-0.877Q15.018-0.877 14.905-0.990Q14.792-1.103 14.792-1.260Q14.792-1.636 15.001-1.923Q15.209-2.210 15.544-2.366Q15.879-2.521 16.234-2.521Q16.658-2.521 17.038-2.363Q17.417-2.204 17.651-1.887Q17.885-1.571 17.885-1.141Q17.885-0.830 17.745-0.561Q17.605-0.293 17.400-0.088Q17.195 0.117 16.833 0.399Q16.470 0.681 16.361 0.777L15.506 1.505L16.149 1.505Q16.412 1.505 16.701 1.503Q16.990 1.502 17.209 1.493Q17.427 1.484 17.444 1.467Q17.506 1.402 17.544 1.235Q17.581 1.067 17.619 0.825L17.885 0.825\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"m166.428-28.97-20.95 20.947\"\u002F>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"m144.063-6.609 3.394-1.13-1.98-.284-.283-1.98\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(150.263 -23.45)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M0.953 0.873L-1.105 0.873L-1.105 0.370L0.953 0.370\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"m183.897-28.97 20.95 20.947\"\u002F>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"m206.261-6.609-1.131-3.394-.283 1.98-1.98.283\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(199.857 -24.283)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M1.653 2.807L1.653 0.551L-0.596 0.551Q-0.664 0.541-0.710 0.495Q-0.756 0.449-0.756 0.377Q-0.756 0.233-0.596 0.210L1.653 0.210L1.653-2.046Q1.664-2.115 1.710-2.161Q1.756-2.207 1.828-2.207Q1.971-2.207 1.995-2.046L1.995 0.210L4.237 0.210Q4.398 0.233 4.398 0.377Q4.398 0.449 4.352 0.495Q4.306 0.541 4.237 0.551L1.995 0.551L1.995 2.807Q1.971 2.968 1.828 2.968Q1.756 2.968 1.710 2.922Q1.664 2.876 1.653 2.807\" fill=\"var(--tk-accent)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-accent)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\">\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" d=\"M154.023 2.127H194.3\"\u002F>\u003Cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"m196.301 2.127-3.2-1.6 1.2 1.6-1.2 1.6\"\u002F>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(175.06 6.547)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M0.953 0.873L-1.105 0.873L-1.105 0.370L0.953 0.370\" fill=\"var(--tk-warn)\" stroke=\"var(--tk-warn)\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg stroke=\"none\" font-family=\"cmr7\" font-size=\"7\">\u003Cg transform=\"translate(118.451 21.045)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M-0.872 1.399Q-0.872 1.067-0.649 0.840Q-0.425 0.613-0.081 0.485Q0.262 0.356 0.635 0.304Q1.007 0.251 1.312 0.251L1.312-0.002Q1.312-0.207 1.204-0.387Q1.096-0.566 0.915-0.669Q0.734-0.771 0.526-0.771Q0.119-0.771-0.117-0.679Q-0.028-0.642 0.018-0.558Q0.064-0.474 0.064-0.372Q0.064-0.276 0.018-0.197Q-0.028-0.119-0.109-0.074Q-0.189-0.030-0.278-0.030Q-0.428-0.030-0.529-0.127Q-0.630-0.225-0.630-0.372Q-0.630-0.994 0.526-0.994Q0.737-0.994 0.987-0.930Q1.236-0.867 1.438-0.748Q1.640-0.628 1.766-0.443Q1.893-0.259 1.893-0.016L1.893 1.560Q1.893 1.676 1.954 1.772Q2.016 1.867 2.129 1.867Q2.238 1.867 2.303 1.773Q2.368 1.679 2.368 1.560L2.368 1.112L2.634 1.112L2.634 1.560Q2.634 1.830 2.407 1.995Q2.180 2.161 1.900 2.161Q1.691 2.161 1.554 2.007Q1.418 1.854 1.394 1.638Q1.247 1.905 0.965 2.050Q0.683 2.195 0.358 2.195Q0.081 2.195-0.203 2.120Q-0.486 2.045-0.679 1.866Q-0.872 1.686-0.872 1.399M-0.257 1.399Q-0.257 1.573-0.156 1.703Q-0.056 1.833 0.100 1.903Q0.255 1.973 0.420 1.973Q0.638 1.973 0.847 1.876Q1.055 1.778 1.183 1.597Q1.312 1.416 1.312 1.190L1.312 0.462Q0.987 0.462 0.621 0.553Q0.255 0.644-0.001 0.856Q-0.257 1.067-0.257 1.399M4.733 2.127L3.099 2.127L3.099 1.847Q3.328 1.847 3.477 1.813Q3.626 1.778 3.626 1.638L3.626-0.211Q3.626-0.481 3.518-0.542Q3.410-0.604 3.099-0.604L3.099-0.884L4.159-0.959L4.159-0.310Q4.330-0.618 4.634-0.789Q4.938-0.959 5.283-0.959Q5.789-0.959 6.073-0.736Q6.357-0.512 6.357-0.016L6.357 1.638Q6.357 1.775 6.505 1.811Q6.654 1.847 6.880 1.847L6.880 2.127L5.249 2.127L5.249 1.847Q5.478 1.847 5.627 1.813Q5.776 1.778 5.776 1.638L5.776-0.002Q5.776-0.337 5.656-0.537Q5.536-0.737 5.222-0.737Q4.952-0.737 4.718-0.601Q4.484-0.464 4.345-0.230Q4.207 0.004 4.207 0.278L4.207 1.638Q4.207 1.775 4.357 1.811Q4.507 1.847 4.733 1.847\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(118.451 21.045)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M7.784 1.286L7.784-0.611L7.145-0.611L7.145-0.833Q7.463-0.833 7.680-1.043Q7.897-1.253 7.997-1.563Q8.098-1.872 8.098-2.180L8.365-2.180L8.365-0.891L9.442-0.891L9.442-0.611L8.365-0.611L8.365 1.273Q8.365 1.549 8.469 1.748Q8.573 1.946 8.833 1.946Q8.990 1.946 9.096 1.842Q9.202 1.737 9.252 1.584Q9.301 1.430 9.301 1.273L9.301 0.859L9.568 0.859L9.568 1.286Q9.568 1.512 9.469 1.722Q9.370 1.932 9.185 2.064Q9.001 2.195 8.772 2.195Q8.334 2.195 8.059 1.958Q7.784 1.720 7.784 1.286M10.436 1.399Q10.436 1.067 10.660 0.840Q10.884 0.613 11.227 0.485Q11.571 0.356 11.943 0.304Q12.316 0.251 12.620 0.251L12.620-0.002Q12.620-0.207 12.513-0.387Q12.405-0.566 12.224-0.669Q12.043-0.771 11.834-0.771Q11.427-0.771 11.192-0.679Q11.280-0.642 11.327-0.558Q11.373-0.474 11.373-0.372Q11.373-0.276 11.327-0.197Q11.280-0.119 11.200-0.074Q11.120-0.030 11.031-0.030Q10.880-0.030 10.780-0.127Q10.679-0.225 10.679-0.372Q10.679-0.994 11.834-0.994Q12.046-0.994 12.296-0.930Q12.545-0.867 12.747-0.748Q12.948-0.628 13.075-0.443Q13.201-0.259 13.201-0.016L13.201 1.560Q13.201 1.676 13.263 1.772Q13.324 1.867 13.437 1.867Q13.547 1.867 13.611 1.773Q13.676 1.679 13.676 1.560L13.676 1.112L13.943 1.112L13.943 1.560Q13.943 1.830 13.716 1.995Q13.488 2.161 13.208 2.161Q13 2.161 12.863 2.007Q12.726 1.854 12.702 1.638Q12.555 1.905 12.273 2.050Q11.991 2.195 11.667 2.195Q11.390 2.195 11.106 2.120Q10.822 2.045 10.629 1.866Q10.436 1.686 10.436 1.399M11.051 1.399Q11.051 1.573 11.152 1.703Q11.253 1.833 11.409 1.903Q11.564 1.973 11.728 1.973Q11.947 1.973 12.155 1.876Q12.364 1.778 12.492 1.597Q12.620 1.416 12.620 1.190L12.620 0.462Q12.296 0.462 11.930 0.553Q11.564 0.644 11.308 0.856Q11.051 1.067 11.051 1.399M14.319 2.660Q14.319 2.414 14.516 2.230Q14.712 2.045 14.968 1.966Q14.832 1.854 14.760 1.693Q14.688 1.532 14.688 1.351Q14.688 1.030 14.900 0.784Q14.565 0.486 14.565 0.076Q14.565-0.385 14.955-0.672Q15.344-0.959 15.823-0.959Q16.295-0.959 16.630-0.713Q16.804-0.867 17.014-0.949Q17.224-1.031 17.453-1.031Q17.617-1.031 17.739-0.924Q17.860-0.816 17.860-0.652Q17.860-0.556 17.788-0.484Q17.716-0.413 17.624-0.413Q17.525-0.413 17.455-0.486Q17.385-0.560 17.385-0.659Q17.385-0.713 17.399-0.744L17.405-0.758Q17.412-0.778 17.421-0.789Q17.429-0.799 17.433-0.806Q17.077-0.806 16.790-0.583Q17.077-0.290 17.077 0.076Q17.077 0.391 16.893 0.623Q16.708 0.856 16.419 0.984Q16.130 1.112 15.823 1.112Q15.621 1.112 15.430 1.062Q15.238 1.013 15.061 0.903Q14.968 1.030 14.968 1.173Q14.968 1.355 15.097 1.490Q15.225 1.625 15.409 1.625L16.042 1.625Q16.489 1.625 16.859 1.696Q17.228 1.768 17.487 1.997Q17.747 2.226 17.747 2.660Q17.747 2.981 17.452 3.183Q17.156 3.385 16.753 3.474Q16.349 3.563 16.035 3.563Q15.717 3.563 15.314 3.474Q14.910 3.385 14.615 3.183Q14.319 2.981 14.319 2.660M14.774 2.660Q14.774 2.889 14.992 3.038Q15.211 3.187 15.503 3.255Q15.796 3.323 16.035 3.323Q16.199 3.323 16.407 3.287Q16.616 3.252 16.823 3.171Q17.029 3.091 17.161 2.963Q17.293 2.835 17.293 2.660Q17.293 2.308 16.912 2.214Q16.530 2.120 16.028 2.120L15.409 2.120Q15.170 2.120 14.972 2.271Q14.774 2.421 14.774 2.660M15.823 0.873Q16.489 0.873 16.489 0.076Q16.489-0.724 15.823-0.724Q15.153-0.724 15.153 0.076Q15.153 0.873 15.823 0.873M18.301 0.644Q18.301 0.302 18.436 0.003Q18.571-0.296 18.810-0.520Q19.049-0.744 19.367-0.869Q19.685-0.994 20.017-0.994Q20.461-0.994 20.861-0.778Q21.261-0.563 21.495-0.185Q21.729 0.192 21.729 0.644Q21.729 0.985 21.587 1.269Q21.445 1.553 21.201 1.760Q20.957 1.966 20.647 2.081Q20.338 2.195 20.017 2.195Q19.586 2.195 19.184 1.994Q18.783 1.792 18.542 1.440Q18.301 1.088 18.301 0.644M20.017 1.946Q20.618 1.946 20.842 1.568Q21.066 1.190 21.066 0.558Q21.066-0.054 20.832-0.413Q20.598-0.771 20.017-0.771Q18.964-0.771 18.964 0.558Q18.964 1.190 19.190 1.568Q19.415 1.946 20.017 1.946M24.005 2.127L22.372 2.127L22.372 1.847Q22.601 1.847 22.749 1.813Q22.898 1.778 22.898 1.638L22.898-0.211Q22.898-0.481 22.790-0.542Q22.683-0.604 22.372-0.604L22.372-0.884L23.431-0.959L23.431-0.310Q23.602-0.618 23.906-0.789Q24.211-0.959 24.556-0.959Q25.062-0.959 25.345-0.736Q25.629-0.512 25.629-0.016L25.629 1.638Q25.629 1.775 25.778 1.811Q25.926 1.847 26.152 1.847L26.152 2.127L24.522 2.127L24.522 1.847Q24.751 1.847 24.899 1.813Q25.048 1.778 25.048 1.638L25.048-0.002Q25.048-0.337 24.928-0.537Q24.809-0.737 24.494-0.737Q24.224-0.737 23.990-0.601Q23.756-0.464 23.618-0.230Q23.479 0.004 23.479 0.278L23.479 1.638Q23.479 1.775 23.630 1.811Q23.780 1.847 24.005 1.847L24.005 2.127M28.357 2.127L26.805 2.127L26.805 1.847Q27.030 1.847 27.179 1.813Q27.328 1.778 27.328 1.638L27.328-0.211Q27.328-0.399 27.280-0.483Q27.232-0.566 27.135-0.585Q27.037-0.604 26.825-0.604L26.825-0.884L27.881-0.959L27.881 1.638Q27.881 1.778 28.013 1.813Q28.145 1.847 28.357 1.847L28.357 2.127M27.085-2.180Q27.085-2.351 27.208-2.470Q27.331-2.590 27.502-2.590Q27.670-2.590 27.793-2.470Q27.916-2.351 27.916-2.180Q27.916-2.005 27.793-1.882Q27.670-1.759 27.502-1.759Q27.331-1.759 27.208-1.882Q27.085-2.005 27.085-2.180M29.003 2.120L29.003 1.057Q29.003 1.033 29.030 1.006Q29.057 0.979 29.081 0.979L29.191 0.979Q29.255 0.979 29.269 1.037Q29.365 1.471 29.611 1.722Q29.857 1.973 30.271 1.973Q30.612 1.973 30.865 1.840Q31.118 1.707 31.118 1.399Q31.118 1.242 31.024 1.127Q30.930 1.013 30.792 0.944Q30.653 0.876 30.486 0.838L29.905 0.739Q29.549 0.671 29.276 0.450Q29.003 0.230 29.003-0.112Q29.003-0.361 29.114-0.536Q29.225-0.710 29.411-0.809Q29.597-0.908 29.813-0.951Q30.028-0.994 30.271-0.994Q30.684-0.994 30.964-0.812L31.180-0.987Q31.190-0.990 31.197-0.992Q31.204-0.994 31.214-0.994L31.265-0.994Q31.293-0.994 31.317-0.970Q31.340-0.946 31.340-0.918L31.340-0.071Q31.340-0.050 31.317-0.023Q31.293 0.004 31.265 0.004L31.152 0.004Q31.125 0.004 31.099-0.021Q31.074-0.047 31.074-0.071Q31.074-0.307 30.968-0.471Q30.862-0.635 30.679-0.717Q30.496-0.799 30.264-0.799Q29.936-0.799 29.679-0.696Q29.423-0.594 29.423-0.317Q29.423-0.122 29.606-0.013Q29.789 0.097 30.018 0.138L30.592 0.244Q30.838 0.292 31.052 0.420Q31.265 0.548 31.402 0.751Q31.539 0.955 31.539 1.204Q31.539 1.717 31.173 1.956Q30.807 2.195 30.271 2.195Q29.775 2.195 29.443 1.901L29.177 2.175Q29.156 2.195 29.129 2.195L29.081 2.195Q29.057 2.195 29.030 2.168Q29.003 2.141 29.003 2.120M32.694 1.286L32.694-0.611L32.055-0.611L32.055-0.833Q32.373-0.833 32.590-1.043Q32.807-1.253 32.908-1.563Q33.008-1.872 33.008-2.180L33.275-2.180L33.275-0.891L34.352-0.891L34.352-0.611L33.275-0.611L33.275 1.273Q33.275 1.549 33.379 1.748Q33.484 1.946 33.743 1.946Q33.901 1.946 34.006 1.842Q34.112 1.737 34.162 1.584Q34.212 1.430 34.212 1.273L34.212 0.859L34.478 0.859L34.478 1.286Q34.478 1.512 34.379 1.722Q34.280 1.932 34.095 2.064Q33.911 2.195 33.682 2.195Q33.244 2.195 32.969 1.958Q32.694 1.720 32.694 1.286\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg transform=\"translate(205.251 21.045)\">\u003Cpath d=\"M0.659 2.100L-0.469-0.399Q-0.541-0.546-0.671-0.578Q-0.801-0.611-1.030-0.611L-1.030-0.891L0.484-0.891L0.484-0.611Q0.132-0.611 0.132-0.464Q0.132-0.419 0.143-0.399L1.007 1.519L1.787-0.211Q1.821-0.279 1.821-0.358Q1.821-0.471 1.737-0.541Q1.653-0.611 1.534-0.611L1.534-0.891L2.730-0.891L2.730-0.611Q2.511-0.611 2.340-0.508Q2.170-0.406 2.081-0.211L1.045 2.100Q0.997 2.195 0.891 2.195L0.813 2.195Q0.707 2.195 0.659 2.100M4.887 2.127L3.335 2.127L3.335 1.847Q3.561 1.847 3.709 1.813Q3.858 1.778 3.858 1.638L3.858-0.211Q3.858-0.399 3.810-0.483Q3.762-0.566 3.665-0.585Q3.567-0.604 3.356-0.604L3.356-0.884L4.412-0.959L4.412 1.638Q4.412 1.778 4.543 1.813Q4.675 1.847 4.887 1.847L4.887 2.127M3.615-2.180Q3.615-2.351 3.738-2.470Q3.861-2.590 4.032-2.590Q4.200-2.590 4.323-2.470Q4.446-2.351 4.446-2.180Q4.446-2.005 4.323-1.882Q4.200-1.759 4.032-1.759Q3.861-1.759 3.738-1.882Q3.615-2.005 3.615-2.180M5.533 0.616Q5.533 0.288 5.668-0.013Q5.803-0.313 6.039-0.534Q6.275-0.754 6.579-0.874Q6.883-0.994 7.208-0.994Q7.713-0.994 8.062-0.891Q8.411-0.789 8.411-0.413Q8.411-0.266 8.313-0.165Q8.216-0.064 8.069-0.064Q7.915-0.064 7.816-0.163Q7.717-0.262 7.717-0.413Q7.717-0.601 7.857-0.693Q7.655-0.744 7.214-0.744Q6.859-0.744 6.630-0.548Q6.401-0.351 6.300-0.042Q6.199 0.268 6.199 0.616Q6.199 0.965 6.326 1.271Q6.452 1.577 6.707 1.761Q6.962 1.946 7.317 1.946Q7.539 1.946 7.724 1.862Q7.908 1.778 8.043 1.623Q8.178 1.467 8.236 1.259Q8.250 1.204 8.305 1.204L8.418 1.204Q8.448 1.204 8.471 1.228Q8.493 1.252 8.493 1.286L8.493 1.307Q8.407 1.594 8.219 1.792Q8.031 1.990 7.766 2.093Q7.502 2.195 7.208 2.195Q6.777 2.195 6.389 1.989Q6.001 1.782 5.767 1.419Q5.533 1.057 5.533 0.616M9.607 1.286L9.607-0.611L8.968-0.611L8.968-0.833Q9.286-0.833 9.503-1.043Q9.720-1.253 9.821-1.563Q9.922-1.872 9.922-2.180L10.188-2.180L10.188-0.891L11.265-0.891L11.265-0.611L10.188-0.611L10.188 1.273Q10.188 1.549 10.292 1.748Q10.397 1.946 10.656 1.946Q10.814 1.946 10.920 1.842Q11.026 1.737 11.075 1.584Q11.125 1.430 11.125 1.273L11.125 0.859L11.391 0.859L11.391 1.286Q11.391 1.512 11.292 1.722Q11.193 1.932 11.008 2.064Q10.824 2.195 10.595 2.195Q10.157 2.195 9.882 1.958Q9.607 1.720 9.607 1.286M13.818 2.127L12.266 2.127L12.266 1.847Q12.492 1.847 12.640 1.813Q12.789 1.778 12.789 1.638L12.789-0.211Q12.789-0.399 12.741-0.483Q12.693-0.566 12.596-0.585Q12.499-0.604 12.287-0.604L12.287-0.884L13.343-0.959L13.343 1.638Q13.343 1.778 13.474 1.813Q13.606 1.847 13.818 1.847L13.818 2.127M12.547-2.180Q12.547-2.351 12.670-2.470Q12.793-2.590 12.963-2.590Q13.131-2.590 13.254-2.470Q13.377-2.351 13.377-2.180Q13.377-2.005 13.254-1.882Q13.131-1.759 12.963-1.759Q12.793-1.759 12.670-1.882Q12.547-2.005 12.547-2.180M16.146 2.127L14.512 2.127L14.512 1.847Q14.741 1.847 14.890 1.813Q15.038 1.778 15.038 1.638L15.038-0.211Q15.038-0.481 14.931-0.542Q14.823-0.604 14.512-0.604L14.512-0.884L15.571-0.959L15.571-0.310Q15.742-0.618 16.047-0.789Q16.351-0.959 16.696-0.959Q17.096-0.959 17.373-0.819Q17.650-0.679 17.735-0.331Q17.902-0.624 18.202-0.792Q18.501-0.959 18.846-0.959Q19.352-0.959 19.635-0.736Q19.919-0.512 19.919-0.016L19.919 1.638Q19.919 1.775 20.068 1.811Q20.216 1.847 20.442 1.847L20.442 2.127L18.812 2.127L18.812 1.847Q19.037 1.847 19.188 1.811Q19.338 1.775 19.338 1.638L19.338-0.002Q19.338-0.337 19.218-0.537Q19.099-0.737 18.784-0.737Q18.514-0.737 18.280-0.601Q18.046-0.464 17.908-0.230Q17.769 0.004 17.769 0.278L17.769 1.638Q17.769 1.775 17.918 1.811Q18.067 1.847 18.292 1.847L18.292 2.127L16.662 2.127L16.662 1.847Q16.891 1.847 17.039 1.813Q17.188 1.778 17.188 1.638L17.188-0.002Q17.188-0.337 17.068-0.537Q16.949-0.737 16.634-0.737Q16.364-0.737 16.130-0.601Q15.896-0.464 15.758-0.230Q15.619 0.004 15.619 0.278L15.619 1.638Q15.619 1.775 15.770 1.811Q15.920 1.847 16.146 1.847\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" class=\"tikz-text\" style=\"stroke-width:0.210\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fsvg>\u003Cfigcaption class=\"tikz-cap\">Connotation frames for "survive" and "violate". Arrows carry the sentiment the writer implies toward each role. For survive the subject (Role1) is sympathetic; for violate that positive sentiment shifts to the object (Role2).\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>",1785117821486]